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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Timothy Langrish</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Timothy Langrish"> <meta name="keywords" content="Timothy Langrish"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Timothy Langrish"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 75</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Timothy Langrish</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> Producing Lutein Powder from Algae by Extraction and Drying</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zexin%20Lei">Zexin Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Langrish"> Timothy Langrish </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lutein is a type of carotene believed to be beneficial to the eyes. This study aims to explore the possibility of using a closed cycle spray drying system to produce lutein. The system contains a spray dryer, a condenser, a heater, and a pressure seal. Hexane, ethanol, and isopropanol will be used as organic solvents to compare the extraction effects. Several physical and chemical methods of cell disruption will be compared. By continuously sweeping the system with nitrogen, the oxygen content will be controlled below 2%, reducing the concentration of organic solvent below the explosion limit and preventing lutein from being oxidized. Lutein powder will be recovered in the collection device. The volatile organic solvent will be cooled in the condenser and deposited in the bottom until it is discharged from the bottom of the condenser. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed%20cycle%20spray%20drying%20system" title="closed cycle spray drying system">closed cycle spray drying system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chlorella%20vulgaris" title=" Chlorella vulgaris"> Chlorella vulgaris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20solvent" title=" organic solvent"> organic solvent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent%20recovery" title=" solvent recovery"> solvent recovery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120838/producing-lutein-powder-from-algae-by-extraction-and-drying" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> Colour Formation and Maillard Reactions in Spray-Dried Milk Powders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zelin%20Zhou">Zelin Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Langrish"> Timothy Langrish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spray drying is the final stage of milk powder production. Traditionally, the quality of spray-dried milk powders has mainly been assessed using their physical properties, such as their moisture contents, while chemical changes occurring during the spray drying process have often been ignored. With growing concerns about food quality, it is necessary to establish a better understanding of heat-induced degradation due to the spray-drying process of skim milk. In this study, the extent of thermal degradation for skim milk in a pilot-scale spray dryer has been investigated using different inlet gas temperatures. The extent of heat-induced damage has been measured by the formation of advanced Maillard reaction products and the loss of soluble proteins at pH 4.6 as assessed by a fluorometric method. A significant increase in the extent of thermal degradation has been found when the inlet gas temperature increased from 170°C to 190°C, suggesting protein unfolding may play an important role in the kinetics of heat-induced degradation for milk in spray dryers. Colour changes of the spray-dried skim milk powders have also been analysed using a standard lighting box. Colourimetric analysis results were expressed in CIELAB colour space with the use of the E index (E) and the Chroma (C) for measuring the difference between colours and the intensity of the colours. A strong linear correlation between the colour intensity of the spray-dried skim milk powders and the formation of advanced Maillard reaction products has been observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colour%20formation" title="colour formation">colour formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maillard%20reactions" title=" Maillard reactions"> Maillard reactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20drying" title=" spray drying"> spray drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skim%20milk%20powder" title=" skim milk powder"> skim milk powder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120841/colour-formation-and-maillard-reactions-in-spray-dried-milk-powders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> Effect of Humidity on In-Process Crystallization of Lactose During Spray Drying</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirali%20Ebrahimi">Amirali Ebrahimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20A.%20G.%20Langrish"> T. A. G. Langrish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of various humidities on process yields and degrees of crystallinity for spray-dried powders from spray drying of lactose with humid air in a straight-through system have been studied. It has been suggested by Williams–Landel–Ferry kinetics (WLF) that a higher particle temperature and lower glass-transition temperature would increase the crystallization rate of the particles during the spray-drying process. Freshly humidified air produced by a Buchi-B290 spray dryer as a humidifier attached to the main spray dryer decreased the particle glass-transition temperature (Tg), while allowing the particle temperature (Tp) to reach higher values by using an insulated drying chamber. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and moisture sorption analysis were used to measure the degree of crystallinity for the spray-dried lactose powders. The results showed that higher Tp-Tg, as a result of applying humid air, improved the process yield from 21 ± 4 to 26 ± 2% and crystallinity of the particles by decreasing the latent heat of crystallization from 43 ± 1 to 30 ± 11 J/g and the sorption peak height from 7.3 ± 0.7% to 6 ± 0.7%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactose" title="lactose">lactose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallization" title=" crystallization"> crystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20drying" title=" spray drying"> spray drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humid%20air" title=" humid air"> humid air</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7244/effect-of-humidity-on-in-process-crystallization-of-lactose-during-spray-drying" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> Graffiti as Intelligence: an Analysis of Encoded Messages in Gang Graffiti Renderings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Kephart">Timothy Kephart</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many law enforcement officials believe that gangs communicate messages to both the community and to rival gangs through graffiti. Some social scientists have documented this as well, however no recent research has examined gang graffiti for its underlying meaning. Empirical research on gang graffiti and gang communication through graffiti is limited. This research can be described as an exploratory effort to better understand how, and perhaps why, gangs employ this medium for communication. Furthermore this research showcases how law enforcement agencies can utilize this hidden form of communication to better direct resources and impact gang violence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gangs" title="gangs">gangs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graffiti" title=" graffiti"> graffiti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=juvenile%20justice" title=" juvenile justice"> juvenile justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policing" title=" policing"> policing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28825/graffiti-as-intelligence-an-analysis-of-encoded-messages-in-gang-graffiti-renderings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> The Biomechanical Consequences of Pes Planus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariette%20Swanepoel">Mariette Swanepoel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Terry%20Ellapen"> Terry Ellapen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henriette%20Hammil"> Henriette Hammil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juandre%20Williams"> Juandre Williams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Qumbu"> Timothy Qumbu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The biomechanical consequence of pes planus is a topic seldom reviewed in regards to energy expenditure and predisposition to injury. However its comprehension in the field of foot rehabilitation, pre-and post-surgery is fundamental to successful patient management. This short communication unites the present literature to provide the reader with better insight on the consequence of pes planus, foot mechanics and its predisposition to injury at the foot and tibiofemoral joint. Further, the consideration of synergistic dominance of the foot invertors to compensate for the ineffective torque production of the fibularis longus due pes planus is presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pes%20planus" title="pes planus">pes planus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibularis%20longus" title=" fibularis longus"> fibularis longus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synergistic%20dominance" title=" synergistic dominance"> synergistic dominance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injury" title=" injury"> injury</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55070/the-biomechanical-consequences-of-pes-planus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Hand Hygiene Habits of Ghanaian Youths in Accra</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cecilia%20Amponsem-Boateng">Cecilia Amponsem-Boateng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20B.%20Oppong"> Timothy B. Oppong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haiyan%20Yang"> Haiyan Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guangcai%20Duan"> Guangcai Duan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The human palm has been identified as one of the richest habitats for human microbial accommodation making hand hygiene essential to primary prevention of infection. Since the hand is in constant contact with fomites which have been proven to be mostly contaminated, building hand hygiene habits is essential for the prevention of infection. This research was conducted to assess the hand hygiene habits of Ghanaian youths in Accra. This study used a survey as a quantitative method of research. The findings of the study revealed that out of the 254 participants who fully answered the questionnaire, 22% had the habit of washing their hands after outings while only 51.6% had the habit of washing their hands after using the bathroom. However, about 60% of the participants said they sometimes ate with their hands while 28.9% had the habit of eating with the hand very often, a situation that put them at risk of infection from their hands since some participants had poor handwashing habits; prompting the need for continuous education on hand hygiene. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand%20hygiene" title="hand hygiene">hand hygiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand%20hygiene%20habit" title=" hand hygiene habit"> hand hygiene habit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand%20washing" title=" hand washing"> hand washing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand%20sanitizer%20use" title=" hand sanitizer use"> hand sanitizer use</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159334/hand-hygiene-habits-of-ghanaian-youths-in-accra" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Analysis of Initial Entry-Level Technology Course Impacts on STEM Major Selection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethan%20Shafer">Ethan Shafer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Graziano"> Timothy Graziano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research seeks to answer whether first-year courses at institutions of higher learning can impact STEM major selection. Unlike many universities, an entry-level technology course (often referred to as CS0) is required for all United States Military Academy (USMA) students–regardless of major–in their first year of attendance. Students at the academy choose their major at the end of their first year of studies. Through student responses to a multi-semester survey, this paper identifies a number of factors that potentially influence STEM major selection. Student demographic data, pre-existing exposure and access to technology, perceptions of STEM subjects, and initial desire for a STEM major are captured before and after taking a CS0 course. An analysis of factors that contribute to student perception of STEM and major selection are presented. This work provides recommendations and suggestions for institutions currently providing or looking to provide CS0-like courses to their students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title="education">education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STEM" title=" STEM"> STEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogy" title=" pedagogy"> pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20literacy" title=" digital literacy"> digital literacy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156548/analysis-of-initial-entry-level-technology-course-impacts-on-stem-major-selection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> A Theoretical and Corpus-Based Analysis of English and Spanish Syntax Derived from Método de Los Relojes Verb Types According to Systemic-Functional Grammar as a Foundation for Methodological Adaption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20William%20Lawrence">Timothy William Lawrence</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this paper is to research and categorize the four basic verb types found in the Spanish descriptive grammar book Método de los Relojes using verb clauses as representation as found in M.A.K. Halliday's Systemic-Functional Grammar with the purpose of establishing theoretical along with syntactical parallels and deviations between English and Spanish. Results confirm theoretical correlations exist therefore leading to an analysis of English grammar syntax resulting in delineating commonalities and differences from Spanish. Corpora searches were carried out on different patterns of syntactical structures confirming divergences in verb syntax, making it possible to establish parameters to adapt English verbs to the criteria of the four basic Método de los Relojes verb types. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpus%20studies" title="corpus studies">corpus studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%C3%A9todo%20de%20los%20Relojes" title=" Método de los Relojes"> Método de los Relojes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural-functional%20grammar" title=" structural-functional grammar"> structural-functional grammar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verb%20syntax" title=" verb syntax"> verb syntax</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145197/a-theoretical-and-corpus-based-analysis-of-english-and-spanish-syntax-derived-from-metodo-de-los-relojes-verb-types-according-to-systemic-functional-grammar-as-a-foundation-for-methodological-adaption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Towards an Enhanced Compartmental Model for Profiling Malware Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jessemyn%20Modiini">Jessemyn Modiini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Lynar"> Timothy Lynar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Sitnikova"> Elena Sitnikova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present a novel enhanced compartmental model for malware spread analysis in cyber security. This paper applies cyber security data features to epidemiological compartmental models to model the infectious potential of malware. Compartmental models are most efficient for calculating the infectious potential of a disease. In this paper, we discuss and profile epidemiologically relevant data features from a Domain Name System (DNS) dataset. We then apply these features to epidemiological compartmental models to network traffic features. This paper demonstrates how epidemiological principles can be applied to the novel analysis of key cybersecurity behaviours and trends and provides insight into threat modelling above that of kill-chain analysis. In applying deterministic compartmental models to a cyber security use case, the authors analyse the deficiencies and provide an enhanced stochastic model for cyber epidemiology. This enhanced compartmental model (SUEICRN model) is contrasted with the traditional SEIR model to demonstrate its efficacy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cybersecurity" title="cybersecurity">cybersecurity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title=" epidemiology"> epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20epidemiology" title=" cyber epidemiology"> cyber epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malware" title=" malware"> malware</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152584/towards-an-enhanced-compartmental-model-for-profiling-malware-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Predictors and Prevention of Sports’ Injuries among Male Professional Footballers in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20A.%20Oloyede">Timothy A. Oloyede</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study assessed the influence of playing field, climatic conditions, rate of exposure to matches, skill level and competition level on the occurrence and severity of football injuries. The prospective outline of the study was as follows: after a baseline examination and measurements were performed ascertaining possible predictors of injury, all players were followed up weekly for one year to register subsequent injuries and complaints. Four hundred and thirty-five out of 455 subjects completed the weekly follow-ups over one year. Multiple regression analysis was employed to analyse the data collected. Results showed that playing field, climatic conditions, rate of exposure to matches skill level and competition level were predictors of injuries among the professional footballer. Playing on natural grass, acclimatization, reduction of physical overload, among others, were strategies postulated for preventing injuries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports%E2%80%99%20injuries" title="sports’ injuries">sports’ injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictors%20of%20sports%E2%80%99%20injuries" title=" predictors of sports’ injuries"> predictors of sports’ injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intrinsic%20risk%20factors" title=" intrinsic risk factors"> intrinsic risk factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extrinsic%20risk%20factors" title=" extrinsic risk factors"> extrinsic risk factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injury%20mechanism" title=" injury mechanism"> injury mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20footballer" title=" professional footballer"> professional footballer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80288/predictors-and-prevention-of-sports-injuries-among-male-professional-footballers-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Assessment of the High-Speed Ice Friction of Bob Skeleton Runners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agata%20Tomaszewska">Agata Tomaszewska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Kamps"> Timothy Kamps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephan%20R.%20Turnock"> Stephan R. Turnock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicola%20Symonds"> Nicola Symonds</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bob skeleton is a highly competitive sport in which an athlete reaches speeds up to 40 m/s sliding, head first, down an ice track. It is believed that the friction between the runners and ice significantly contributes to the amount of the total energy loss during a bob skeleton descent. There is only limited available experimental data regarding the friction of bob skeleton runners or indeed steel on the ice at high sliding speeds ( > 20 m/s). Testing methods used to investigate the friction of steel on ice in winter sports have been outlined, and their accuracy and repeatability discussed. A system thinking approach was used to investigate the runner-ice interaction during sliding and create concept designs of three ice tribometers. The operational envelope of the bob skeleton system has been defined through mathematical modelling. Designs of a drum, linear and inertia pin-on-disk tribometers were developed specifically for bob skeleton runner testing with the requirement of reaching up to 40 m/s speed and facilitate fresh ice sliding. The design constraints have been outline and the proposed solutions compared based on the ease of operation, accuracy and the development cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bob%20skeleton" title="bob skeleton">bob skeleton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ice%20friction" title=" ice friction"> ice friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-speed%20tribometers" title=" high-speed tribometers"> high-speed tribometers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20friction" title=" sliding friction"> sliding friction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72268/assessment-of-the-high-speed-ice-friction-of-bob-skeleton-runners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> The Application of Maintenance Strategy in Energy Power Plant: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20Vusmuzi%20Mashego">Steven Vusmuzi Mashego</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Opeyeolu%20Timothy%20Laseinde"> Opeyeolu Timothy Laseinde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a case study on applying maintenance strategies observed in a turbo-generator at a coal power plant. Turbo generators are one of the primary and critical components in energy generation. It is essential to apply correct maintenance strategies and apply operational procedures accordingly. The maintenance strategies are implemented to ensure the high reliability of the equipment. The study was carried out at a coal power station which will transit to a cleaner energy source in the nearest future. The study is relevant as lessons learned in this system will support plans and operational models implemented when cleaner energy sources replace coal-powered turbines. This paper first outlines different maintenance strategies executed on the turbo-generator modules. Secondly, the impacts of human factors on a coal power station are discussed, and the findings prompted recommendations for future actions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance%20strategies" title="maintenance strategies">maintenance strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbo%20generator" title=" turbo generator"> turbo generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20error" title=" operational error"> operational error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20factor" title=" human factor"> human factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electricity%20generation" title=" electricity generation"> electricity generation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158313/the-application-of-maintenance-strategy-in-energy-power-plant-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> An Investigation on Organisation Cyber Resilience </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arniyati%20Ahmad">Arniyati Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Johnson"> Christopher Johnson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Storer"> Timothy Storer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cyber exercises used to assess the preparedness of a community against cyber crises, technology failures and critical information infrastructure (CII) incidents. The cyber exercises also called cyber crisis exercise or cyber drill, involved partnerships or collaboration of public and private agencies from several sectors. This study investigates organisation cyber resilience (OCR) of participation sectors in cyber exercise called X Maya in Malaysia. This study used a principal based cyber resilience survey called C-Suite Executive checklist developed by World Economic Forum in 2012. To ensure suitability of the survey to investigate the OCR, the reliability test was conducted on C-Suite Executive checklist items. The research further investigates the differences of OCR in ten Critical National Infrastructure Information (CNII) sectors participated in the cyber exercise. The One Way ANOVA test result showed a statistically significant difference of OCR among ten CNII sectors participated in the cyber exercise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20information%20infrastructure" title="critical information infrastructure">critical information infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20resilience" title=" cyber resilience"> cyber resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organisation%20cyber%20resilience" title=" organisation cyber resilience"> organisation cyber resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability%20test" title=" reliability test"> reliability test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29946/an-investigation-on-organisation-cyber-resilience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System: System Overview and Sizing Principles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najiya%20Omar">Najiya Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Aly"> Hamed Aly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Little"> Timothy Little</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The optimal size of a photovoltaic (PV) array is considered a critical factor in designing an efficient PV system due to the dependence of the PV cell performance on temperature. A high temperature can lead to voltage losses of solar panels, whereas a low temperature can cause voltage overproduction. There are two possible scenarios of the inverter’s operation in which they are associated with the erroneous calculations of the number of PV panels: 1) If the number of the panels is scant and the temperature is high, the minimum voltage required to operate the inverter will not be reached. As a result, the inverter will shut down. 2) Comparably, if the number of panels is excessive and the temperature is low, the produced voltage will be more than the maximum limit of the inverter which can cause the inverter to get disconnected or even damaged. This article aims to assess theoretical and practical methodologies to calculate size and determine the topology of a PV array. The results are validated by applying an experimental evaluation for a 100 kW Grid-connected PV system for a location in Halifax, Nova Scotia and achieving a satisfactory system performance compared to the previous work done. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sizing%20PV%20panels" title="sizing PV panels">sizing PV panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20and%20practical%20methodologies" title=" theoretical and practical methodologies"> theoretical and practical methodologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topology%20of%20PV%20array" title=" topology of PV array"> topology of PV array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid-connected%20PV" title=" grid-connected PV"> grid-connected PV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130722/grid-connected-photovoltaic-system-system-overview-and-sizing-principles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Doing Cause-and-Effect Analysis Using an Innovative Chat-Based Focus Group Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Whitehill">Timothy Whitehill</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an innovative chat-based focus group method for collecting qualitative data to construct a cause-and-effect analysis in business research. This method was developed in response to the research and data collection challenges faced by the Covid-19 outbreak in the United Kingdom during 2020-21. This paper discusses the methodological approaches and builds a contemporary argument for its effectiveness in exploring cause-and-effect relationships in the context of focus group research, systems thinking and problem structuring methods. The pilot for this method was conducted between October 2020 and March 2021 and collected more than 7,000 words of chat-based data which was used to construct a consensus drawn cause-and-effect analysis. This method was developed in support of an ongoing Doctorate in Business Administration (DBA) thesis, which is using Design Science Research methodology to operationalize organisational resilience in UK construction sector firms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cause-and-effect%20analysis" title="cause-and-effect analysis">cause-and-effect analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=focus%20group%20research" title=" focus group research"> focus group research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=problem%20structuring%20methods" title=" problem structuring methods"> problem structuring methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20research" title=" qualitative research"> qualitative research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systems%20thinking" title=" systems thinking"> systems thinking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136398/doing-cause-and-effect-analysis-using-an-innovative-chat-based-focus-group-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Corporate Governance and Firms` Performance: Evidence from Quoted Firms on the Nigerian Stock Exchange</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogunwole%20Cecilia%20Oluwakemi">Ogunwole Cecilia Oluwakemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wahid%20Damilola%20Olanipekun"> Wahid Damilola Olanipekun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omoyele%20Olufemi%20Samuel"> Omoyele Olufemi Samuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Ayomitunde%20Aderemi"> Timothy Ayomitunde Aderemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The issues relating to corporate governance in both locally and internationally managed firms cannot be overemphasized because the lack of efficient corporate governance could orchestrate serious problems in any organization. Against this backdrop, this study examines the nexus between corporate governance and performance of firms from 2012 to 2020, using the case study of the Nigerian stock exchange. Consequently, data was collected from forty (40) listed firms on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study employed a fixed effect technique of estimation to address the objective of the study. It was discovered from the study that the influence of corporate governance components such as gender diversity, board independence and managerial ownership led to a significant positive impact on the performance of the firms under the investigation. In view of the above finding, this study makes the following recommendations for the policymakers in Nigeria that anytime the goal of the policymakers is the improvement of performance of the listed firms in the Nigerian stock exchange, board independence and a balance in the inclusion of male and female among the board of directors should be encouraged in these firms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate" title="corporate">corporate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title=" governance"> governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firms" title=" firms"> firms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock" title=" stock"> stock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange" title=" exchange"> exchange</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145199/corporate-governance-and-firms-performance-evidence-from-quoted-firms-on-the-nigerian-stock-exchange" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> The Cost of Solar-Centric Renewable Portfolio </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20J.%20Considine">Timothy J. Considine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20J.%20M.%20Manderson"> Edward J. M. Manderson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper develops an econometric forecasting system of energy demand coupled with engineering-economic models of energy supply. The framework is used to quantify the impact of state-level renewable portfolio standards (RPSs) achieved predominately with solar generation on electricity rates, electricity consumption, and environmental quality. We perform the analysis using Arizona’s RPS as a case study. We forecast energy demand in Arizona out to 2035, and find by this time the state will require an additional 35 million MWh of electricity generation. If Arizona implements its RPS when supplying this electricity demand, we find there will be a substantial increase in electricity rates (relative to a business-as-usual scenario of reliance on gas-fired generation). Extending the current regime of tax credits can greatly reduce this increase, at the taxpayers’ expense. We find that by 2025 Arizona’s RPS will implicitly abate carbon dioxide emissions at a cost between $101 and $135 per metric ton, and by 2035 abatement costs are between $64 and $112 per metric ton (depending on the future evolution of nature gas prices). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electricity%20demand" title="electricity demand">electricity demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20portfolio%20standard" title=" renewable portfolio standard"> renewable portfolio standard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar" title=" solar"> solar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide" title=" carbon dioxide"> carbon dioxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25663/the-cost-of-solar-centric-renewable-portfolio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Evaluating the Factors Influencing the Efficiency and Usage of Public Sports Services in a Chinese Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhankun%20Wang">Zhankun Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Makubuya"> Timothy Makubuya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The efficiency of public sports service of prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang from 2008 to 2012 was evaluated by applying the DEA method, then its influencing factors were also analyzed through Tobit model. Upon analysis, the results revealed the following; (i) the change in average efficiency of public sports service in Zhejiang present a smooth uptrend and at a relatively high level from 2008 to 2012 (ii) generally, the productivity of public sports service in Zhejiang improved from 2008 to 2012, the productivity efficiency varied greatly in different years, and the regional difference of production efficiency increased. (iii) The correlations for urbanization rate, aging rate, per capita GDP and the population density were significantly positive with the public sports service efficiency in Zhejiang, of which the most significant was the aging rate. However, the population density and per capita GDP had less impact on the efficiency of public sports service in Zhejiang. In addition, whether the efficiency of public sports services in different areas in Zhejiang reciprocates to overall benefits in public wellbeing in both rural and urban settings is still arguable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEA%20model" title="DEA model">DEA model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20sports%20service" title=" public sports service"> public sports service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobit%20model" title=" Tobit model"> Tobit model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malmquist%20productivity%20index" title=" Malmquist productivity index"> Malmquist productivity index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhejiang" title=" Zhejiang"> Zhejiang</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91097/evaluating-the-factors-influencing-the-efficiency-and-usage-of-public-sports-services-in-a-chinese-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Accidental Compartment Fire Dynamics: Experiment, Computational Fluid Dynamics Weakness and Expert Interview Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Onyenobi">Timothy Onyenobi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accidental fires and its dynamic as it relates to building compartmentation and the impact of the compartment morphology, is still an on-going area of study; especially with the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling methods. With better knowledge on this subject come better solution recommendations by fire engineers. Interviews were carried out for this study where it was identified that the response perspectives to accidental fire were different with the fire engineer providing qualitative data which is based on “what is expected in real fires” and the fire fighters provided information on “what actually obtains in real fires”. This further led to a study and analysis of two real and comprehensively instrumented fire experiments: the Open Plan Office Project by National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) USA (to study time to flashover) and the TF2000 project by the Building Research Establishment (BRE) UK (to test for conformity with Building Regulation requirements). The findings from the analysis of the experiments revealed the relative yet critical weakness of fire prediction using a CFD model (usually used by fire engineers) as well as explained the differences in response perspectives of the fire engineers and firefighters from the interview analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compartment%20fire" title=" compartment fire"> compartment fire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiment" title=" experiment"> experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20fighters" title=" fire fighters"> fire fighters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20engineers" title=" fire engineers"> fire engineers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61009/accidental-compartment-fire-dynamics-experiment-computational-fluid-dynamics-weakness-and-expert-interview-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Physically Informed Kernels for Wave Loading Prediction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20James%20Pitchforth">Daniel James Pitchforth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20James%20Rogers"> Timothy James Rogers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulf%20Tyge%20Tygesen"> Ulf Tyge Tygesen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20Jane%20Cross"> Elizabeth Jane Cross</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wave loading is a primary cause of fatigue within offshore structures and its quantification presents a challenging and important subtask within the SHM framework. The accurate representation of physics in such environments is difficult, however, driving the development of data-driven techniques in recent years. Within many industrial applications, empirical laws remain the preferred method of wave loading prediction due to their low computational cost and ease of implementation. This paper aims to develop an approach that combines data-driven Gaussian process models with physical empirical solutions for wave loading, including Morison’s Equation. The aim here is to incorporate physics directly into the covariance function (kernel) of the Gaussian process, enforcing derived behaviors whilst still allowing enough flexibility to account for phenomena such as vortex shedding, which may not be represented within the empirical laws. The combined approach has a number of advantages, including improved performance over either component used independently and interpretable hyperparameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20structures" title="offshore structures">offshore structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaussian%20processes" title=" Gaussian processes"> Gaussian processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Physics%20informed%20machine%20learning" title=" Physics informed machine learning"> Physics informed machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kernel%20design" title=" Kernel design"> Kernel design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146250/physically-informed-kernels-for-wave-loading-prediction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> The Effect of Voice Recognition Dictation Software on Writing Quality in Third Grade Students: An Action Research Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20J.%20Grebec">Timothy J. Grebec</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated whether using a voice dictation software program (i.e., Google Voice Typing) has an impact on student writing quality. The research took place in a third-grade general education classroom in a suburban school setting. Because the study involved minors, all data was encrypted and deidentified before analysis. The students completed a series of writings prior to the beginning of the intervention to determine their thoughts and skill level with writing. During the intervention phase, the students were introduced to the voice dictation software, given an opportunity to practice using it, and then assigned writing prompts to be completed using the software. The prompts written by nineteen student participants and surveys of student opinions on writing established a baseline for the study. The data showed that using the dictation software resulted in a 34% increase in the response quality (compared to the Pennsylvania State Standardized Assessment [PSSA] writing guidelines). Of particular interest was the increase in students' proficiency in demonstrating mastery of the English language and conventions and elaborating on the content. Although this type of research is relatively no, it has the potential to reshape the strategies educators have at their disposal when instructing students on written language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20technology" title="educational technology">educational technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accommodations" title=" accommodations"> accommodations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%20with%20disabilities" title=" students with disabilities"> students with disabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20instruction" title=" writing instruction"> writing instruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=21st%20century%20education" title=" 21st century education"> 21st century education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170286/the-effect-of-voice-recognition-dictation-software-on-writing-quality-in-third-grade-students-an-action-research-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Examining the Influence of Question Phrasing in Police Interviews on Suspects’ Inferences Regarding Interviewer’s Prior Knowledge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meghana%20Srivatsav">Meghana Srivatsav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20J.%20Luke"> Timothy J. Luke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Par%20Anders%20Granhag"> Par Anders Granhag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aldert%20Vrij"> Aldert Vrij</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to understand how the phrasing of questions influences guilty suspects’ inferences regarding prior information held by the interviewer about the suspect’s crime-related activities. Three phrasing factors were explored namely specificity (crime-related details within questions), stressor (emphasis on the importance of the information in the question) and phase presentation (whether a specific activity was questioned about). 370 participants were recruited and randomly assigned into 6 different question-phrasing groups. Participants assumed the role of a suspect, read a crime narrative and an interview transcript based on the suspect’s activities. Participants responded to scales that measured their perception of interviewer’s knowledge (PIK) based on the questions posed by the interviewer in the interview transcripts. The researchers found that there is an effect of specific details revealed in the questions on the suspect’s perception of interviewer knowledge. Questioning about a specific activity also increased their perception of interviewer’s prior knowledge. However, the individual hypotheses were only partially supported. The study allowed the researchers to explore a psycholinguistic approach to investigate the underlying mechanisms of inferences drawn by suspects from the phrasing of investigative questions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=police%20interviewing" title="police interviewing">police interviewing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=question%20framing%20effects%20on%20suspects" title=" question framing effects on suspects"> question framing effects on suspects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suspect%20inferences%20from%20questions" title=" suspect inferences from questions"> suspect inferences from questions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suspect%20interviews" title=" suspect interviews"> suspect interviews</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101778/examining-the-influence-of-question-phrasing-in-police-interviews-on-suspects-inferences-regarding-interviewers-prior-knowledge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Sustainable Development of Medium Strength Concrete Using Polypropylene as Aggregate Replacement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Keihani">Reza Keihani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Bahadori-Jahromi"> Ali Bahadori-Jahromi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20James%20Clacy"> Timothy James Clacy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plastic as an environmental burden is a well-rehearsed topic in the research area. This is due to its global demand and destructive impacts on the environment, which has been a significant concern to the governments. Typically, the use of plastic in the construction industry is seen across low-density, non-structural applications due to its diverse range of benefits including high strength-to-weight ratios, manipulability and durability. It can be said that with the level of plastic consumption experienced in the construction industry, an ongoing responsibility is shown for this sector to continually innovate alternatives for application of recycled plastic waste such as using plastic made replacement from polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl and polypropylene in the concrete mix design. In this study, the impact of partially replaced fine aggregate with polypropylene in the concrete mix design was investigated to evaluate the concrete’s compressive strength by conducting an experimental work which comprises of six concrete mix batches with polypropylene replacements ranging from 0.5 to 3.0%. The results demonstrated a typical decline in the compressive strength with the addition of plastic aggregate, despite this reduction generally mitigated as the level of plastic in the concrete mix increased. Furthermore, two of the six plastic-containing concrete mixes tested in the current study exceeded the ST5 standardised prescribed concrete mix compressive strength requirement at 28-days containing 1.50% and 2.50% plastic aggregates, which demonstrated the potential for use of recycled polypropylene in structural applications, as a partial by mass, fine aggregate replacement in the concrete mix. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title="compressive strength">compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypropylene" title=" polypropylene"> polypropylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108936/sustainable-development-of-medium-strength-concrete-using-polypropylene-as-aggregate-replacement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Agriculture, Food Security and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria: Cointegration and Granger Causality Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogunwole%20Cecilia%20Oluwakemi">Ogunwole Cecilia Oluwakemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Ayomitunde%20Aderemi"> Timothy Ayomitunde Aderemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Provision of sufficient food and elimination of abject poverty have usually been the conventional benefits of agriculture in any society. Meanwhile, despite the fact that Nigeria is an agrarian society, food insecurity and poverty have become the issues of concern among both scholars and policymakers in the recent times. Against this backdrop, this study examined the nexus among agriculture, food security, and poverty reduction in Nigeria from 1990 to 2019 within the framework of the Cointegration and Granger Causality approach. Data was collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and the World Development Indicators, respectively. The following are the major results that emanated from the study. A long run equilibrium relationship exists among agricultural value added, food production index, and GDP per capita in Nigeria. Similarly, there is a unidirectional causality which flows from food production index to poverty reduction in Nigeria. In the same vein, one way causality flows from poverty reduction to agricultural value added in Nigeria. Consequently, this study makes the following recommendation for the policymakers in Nigeria, and other African countries by extension, that agricultural value added and food production are the important variables that cannot be undermined when poverty reduction occupies the central focus of the policymakers. Therefore, any time these policymakers want to reduce poverty, policies that drive agricultural value added and food production should be embarked upon. Therefore, this study will contribute to the literature by establishing the type of linkage that exists between agriculture, food security, and poverty reduction in Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title="agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20added" title=" value added"> value added</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20production" title=" food production"> food production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GDP%20per%20capita" title=" GDP per capita"> GDP per capita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146377/agriculture-food-security-and-poverty-reduction-in-nigeria-cointegration-and-granger-causality-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> A Review of Food Reformulation of Sweetened Baked Goods to Reduce Added Sugar Intake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiao%20Luo">Xiao Luo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayashree%20Arcot"> Jayashree Arcot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20P.%20Gill"> Timothy P. Gill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jimmy%20C.%20Louie"> Jimmy C. Louie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20M.%20Rangan"> Anna M. Rangan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Excessive consumption of added sugar is negatively associated with many health outcomes such as lower diet quality, dental diseases and other non-communicable diseases. Sugar-sweetened baked goods are popular discretionary foods that contribute significant amounts of added sugar to people’s diets worldwide. Food reformulation is of the most effective methods to reduce consumption of added sugar without significantly altering individual's diet pattern. However, sucrose, as the major sugar in baked goods, plays several vital functional roles such as providing sweetness and bulking, and suitable substitutes must be able to address these. The review examines the literature on sugar-reduced baked goods to summarise the feasible reformulations of low/no added sugar baked goods, and indicates the future directions for healthier baked goods reformulation. Based on this review, polyols and non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are suitable for alternative sweeteners to partially or fully replace sucrose in baked goods. Low-calorie carbohydrates such as oligofructose, polydextrose, maltodextrins are the mostly used bulking agents to compensate the loss of bulk due to the removal of sucrose. This review found that maltitol seems the most suitable sole sucrose substitution at present, while diverse mixtures of NNS( stevia, sucralose, acesulfame-K), other polyols and inulins can also deliver the functionalities of sucrose in baked products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20sweeteners" title="alternative sweeteners">alternative sweeteners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baked%20goods" title=" baked goods"> baked goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reformulation" title=" reformulation"> reformulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugar%20reduction" title=" sugar reduction"> sugar reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92990/a-review-of-food-reformulation-of-sweetened-baked-goods-to-reduce-added-sugar-intake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Bayesian Inference for High Dimensional Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20M.%20Karadimitriou">Sofia M. Karadimitriou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kostas%20Triantafyllopoulos"> Kostas Triantafyllopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Heaton"> Timothy Heaton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reduced dimension Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Models (DSTMs) jointly describe the spatial and temporal evolution of a function observed subject to noise. A basic state space model is adopted for the discrete temporal variation, while a continuous autoregressive structure describes the continuous spatial evolution. Application of such a DSTM relies upon the pre-selection of a suitable reduced set of basic functions and this can present a challenge in practice. In this talk, we propose an online estimation method for high dimensional spatio-temporal data based upon DSTM and we attempt to resolve this issue by allowing the basis to adapt to the observed data. Specifically, we present a wavelet decomposition in order to obtain a parsimonious approximation of the spatial continuous process. This parsimony can be achieved by placing a Laplace prior distribution on the wavelet coefficients. The aim of using the Laplace prior, is to filter wavelet coefficients with low contribution, and thus achieve the dimension reduction with significant computation savings. We then propose a Hierarchical Bayesian State Space model, for the estimation of which we offer an appropriate particle filter algorithm. The proposed methodology is illustrated using real environmental data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidimensional%20Laplace%20prior" title="multidimensional Laplace prior">multidimensional Laplace prior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20filtering" title=" particle filtering"> particle filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatio-temporal%20modelling" title=" spatio-temporal modelling"> spatio-temporal modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelets" title=" wavelets"> wavelets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43799/bayesian-inference-for-high-dimensional-dynamic-spatio-temporal-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Economic Community of West African States Court of Justice and the Development of Human Rights Jurisprudence in Africa: A Difficult Take-off with a Bright and Visionary Landing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Fwa%20Yerima">Timothy Fwa Yerima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper evaluates the development of human rights jurisprudence in Africa by the ECOWAS Court of Justice. It traces that though ECOWAS was not established with the aim of promoting and protecting human rights as the African Court of Human and Peoples’ Rights, no doubt, the 1991 ECOWAS Court Protocol and the 1993 ECOWAS Revised Treaty give the ECOWAS Court its human rights mandate. The paper, however, points out that despite the availability of these two Laws, the ECOWAS Court had difficulty in its human rights mandate, in view of the twin problems of lack of access to the Court by private parties and personal jurisdiction of the Court to entertain cases filed by private parties. The paper considers the 2005 Supplementary Protocol, not only as an effective legal framework in West African Sub-Region that tackles these problems in human rights cases but also a strong foundation upon which the Court has been developing human rights jurisprudence in Africa through the interpretation and application of this Law and other sources of Law of the Court. After a thorough analysis of some principles laid down by the ECOWAS Court so far, the paper observes that human rights jurisprudence in Africa is growing rapidly; depicting that though the ECOWAS Court initially had difficulty in its human rights mandate, today it has a bright and visionary landing. The paper concludes that West African Sub-Region will witness a more effective performance of the ECOWAS Court if some of its challenges are tackled. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=access" title="access">access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20human%20rights" title=" African human rights"> African human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECOWAS%20court%20of%20justice" title=" ECOWAS court of justice"> ECOWAS court of justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jurisprudence" title=" jurisprudence"> jurisprudence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20jurisdiction" title=" personal jurisdiction"> personal jurisdiction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44216/economic-community-of-west-african-states-court-of-justice-and-the-development-of-human-rights-jurisprudence-in-africa-a-difficult-take-off-with-a-bright-and-visionary-landing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Aquatic Environmental Effects of Black Shale in Eastern Kentucky through the Measurement of Chemical and Physical Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitchell%20T.%20Grothaus">Mitchell T. Grothaus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cory%20Grigsby"> Cory Grigsby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20S.%20Hare"> Timothy S. Hare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to determine if there is a relationship between elevated cancer risks in eastern Kentucky and the environmental effects of black shale. Previous research shows that black shale formations, such as those in eastern Kentucky contain high levels of toxic elements including arsenic and radon compared to average rocks and sediment. Similarly, the population of eastern Kentucky has higher rates of many health conditions, including lung cancer and cardiovascular disease, than surrounding regions. These poor health outcomes are typically explained in relation to social, economic, behavioral, and healthcare factors. The rates of many conditions, however, have not decreased as these factors improve with regional development. Black shale is known to affect environmental conditions such as by increasing radiation levels and heavy metal toxicity. We are mapping the effects of black shale through monitoring radiation, microbes, and chemical standards of water sources. In this presentation, we report on our measuring pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, conductivity, temperature, and discharge and comparison with water quality standards from the Kentucky Department for Environmental Protection. The conditions of water sources combined with an environmental survey of the surrounding areas provide a greater understanding of why the people in eastern Kentucky face the current health issues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20shale" title="black shale">black shale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eastern%20Kentucky" title=" eastern Kentucky"> eastern Kentucky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impact" title=" environmental impact"> environmental impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title=" water quality"> water quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86471/aquatic-environmental-effects-of-black-shale-in-eastern-kentucky-through-the-measurement-of-chemical-and-physical-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Investigating the Determinants and Growth of Financial Technology Depth of Penetration among the Heterogeneous Africa Economies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tochukwu%20Timothy%20Okoli">Tochukwu Timothy Okoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devi%20Datt%20Tewari"> Devi Datt Tewari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The high rate of Fintech adoption has not transmitted to greater financial inclusion and development in Africa. This problem is attributed to poor Fintech diversification and usefulness in the continent. This concept is referred to as the Fintech depth of penetration in this study. The study, therefore, assessed its determinants and growth process in a panel of three emergings, twenty-four frontiers and five fragile African economies disaggregated with dummies over the period 2004-2018 to allow for heterogeneity between groups. The System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique reveals that the average depth of Mobile banking and automated teller machine (ATM) is a dynamic heterogeneity process. Moreover, users' previous experiences/compatibility, trial-ability/income, and financial development were the major factors that raise its usefulness, whereas perceived risk, financial openness, and inflation rate significantly limit its usefulness. The growth rate of Mobile banking, ATM, and Internet banking in 2018 is, on average 41.82, 0.4, and 20.8 per cent respectively greater than its average rates in 2004. These greater averages after the 2009 financial crisis suggest that countries resort to Fintech as a risk-mitigating tool. This study, therefore, recommends greater Fintech diversification through improved literacy, institutional development, financial liberalization, and continuous innovation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depth%20of%20fintech" title="depth of fintech">depth of fintech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emerging%20Africa" title=" emerging Africa"> emerging Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20technology" title=" financial technology"> financial technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20banking" title=" internet banking"> internet banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20banking" title=" mobile banking "> mobile banking </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128050/investigating-the-determinants-and-growth-of-financial-technology-depth-of-penetration-among-the-heterogeneous-africa-economies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Case Report on ‘Primary Adenocarcinoma of Aberrant HER2+ Anogenital Mammary-like Glands in a Male'</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivani%20Kuttuva">Shivani Kuttuva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Sampson"> James Sampson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Simmons"> Timothy Simmons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinayak%20Thattaruparambil"> Vinayak Thattaruparambil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Holly%20Burton"> Holly Burton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Coyne"> Peter Coyne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anogenital mammary-like glands were established to be embryological remnants of breast tissue due to failed resolution of the ectodermal mammary ridge. However, recent studies are now considering this to represent normal constituents of the anogenital area with histological resemblance to the orthotopic breast tissue with multiple benign and malignant lesions arising from it. The incidence of the above has been predominant in females in the vulval region. Due to the paucity of cases reported in men, this poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge resulting in a delay in treatment and, thereby, poor outcomes. Our patient presented to the dermatology clinic with an itchy, purplish lesion in the peri-anal region which, on punch biopsy, was diagnosed to be Extra-mammary Paget’s disease and taken up for Wide local excision. Immunochemically, staining was positive for HER2, ER and Cytokeratin 7, keeping with the presence of actual breast tissue with no primary breast carcinoma. Due to the invasive nature of the disease, he required Abdominoperineal resection with flap reconstruction. Despite complete surgical clearance and adjuvant radiotherapy, the disease progressed to adjacent inguinal and obturator lymph nodes with origin resembling anogenital type mammary glands but histology negative for hormonal receptors of the breast. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anogenital%20mammary-like%20glands" title="anogenital mammary-like glands">anogenital mammary-like glands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abdominoperineal%20resection" title=" abdominoperineal resection"> abdominoperineal resection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ectopic%20breast%20tissue" title=" ectopic breast tissue"> ectopic breast tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ectopic%20male%20breast%20carcinoma" title=" ectopic male breast carcinoma"> ectopic male breast carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peri-anal%20skin%20lesion" title=" peri-anal skin lesion"> peri-anal skin lesion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165237/case-report-on-primary-adenocarcinoma-of-aberrant-her2-anogenital-mammary-like-glands-in-a-male" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Langrish&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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