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Secure Enclave-signed Image4 file that is used to describe information about the secure boot chain objects on Apple platforms." /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Apple Support" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_BH" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta name="ac-gn-search-field[locale]" content="en_BH" /> <meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow" /> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="/clientside/build/apd-sasskit.built.css" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"> <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/clientside/build/apd-sasskit.built.css" type="text/css" /> </noscript> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="/clientside/build/app-apd.css" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"> <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/clientside/build/app-apd.css" type="text/css" /> </noscript> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="//www.apple.com/wss/fonts?families=SF+Pro,v1:200,300,400,500,600|SF+Pro+Icons,v1" 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data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/welcome/web' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/welcome/web' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/welcome/web' id='toc-item-SECFE0C7D4A5' data-tocid='SECFE0C7D4A5' > <span class='name'>Welcome</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Intro to Apple platform security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seccd5016d31/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seccd5016d31/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seccd5016d31/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECCD5016D31' data-tocid='SECCD5016D31' > <span class='name'>Intro to Apple platform security</span> </a> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Hardware security and biometrics' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SECA2AF84C27' onClick='' > <span class='name'>Hardware security and biometrics</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SECA2AF84C27' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Hardware security overview' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf020d1074/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf020d1074/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf020d1074/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECF020D1074' data-tocid='SECF020D1074' > <span class='name'>Hardware security overview</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Apple SoC security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec87716a080/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec87716a080/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec87716a080/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC87716A080' data-tocid='SEC87716A080' > <span class='name'>Apple SoC security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Secure Enclave' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec59b0b31ff/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec59b0b31ff/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec59b0b31ff/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC59B0B31FF' data-tocid='SEC59B0B31FF' > <span class='name'>Secure Enclave</span> </a> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Face ID and Touch ID' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SEC46AC694C7' onClick='' > <span class='name'>Face ID and Touch ID</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SEC46AC694C7' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Face ID and Touch ID security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec067eb0c9e/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec067eb0c9e/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec067eb0c9e/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC067EB0C9E' data-tocid='SEC067EB0C9E' > <span class='name'>Face ID and Touch ID security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Magic Keyboard with Touch ID' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf60513daa/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf60513daa/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf60513daa/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECF60513DAA' data-tocid='SECF60513DAA' > <span class='name'>Magic Keyboard with Touch ID</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Face ID, Touch ID, passcodes, and passwords' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec9479035f1/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec9479035f1/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec9479035f1/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC9479035F1' data-tocid='SEC9479035F1' > <span class='name'>Face ID, Touch ID, passcodes, and passwords</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Facial matching security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sece151358d1/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sece151358d1/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sece151358d1/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECE151358D1' data-tocid='SECE151358D1' > <span class='name'>Facial matching security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Uses for Face ID and Touch ID' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc5227ff3c/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc5227ff3c/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc5227ff3c/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECC5227FF3C' data-tocid='SECC5227FF3C' > <span class='name'>Uses for Face ID and Touch ID</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Secure intent and connections to the Secure Enclave' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec7a94f7d1e/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec7a94f7d1e/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec7a94f7d1e/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC7A94F7D1E' data-tocid='SEC7A94F7D1E' > <span class='name'>Secure intent and connections to the Secure Enclave</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Hardware microphone disconnect' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secbbd20b00b/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secbbd20b00b/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secbbd20b00b/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECBBD20B00B' data-tocid='SECBBD20B00B' > <span class='name'>Hardware microphone disconnect</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Express Cards with power reserve' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec90cd29d1f/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec90cd29d1f/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec90cd29d1f/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC90CD29D1F' data-tocid='SEC90CD29D1F' > <span class='name'>Express Cards with power reserve</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='System security' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SECBE51BDF7A' onClick='' > <span class='name'>System security</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SECBE51BDF7A' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='System security overview' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec114e4db04/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec114e4db04/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec114e4db04/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC114E4DB04' data-tocid='SEC114E4DB04' > <span class='name'>System security overview</span> </a> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Secure boot' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SECBB300CA1B' onClick='' > <span class='name'>Secure boot</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SECBB300CA1B' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Boot process for iPhone and iPad devices' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb3000f149/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb3000f149/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb3000f149/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECB3000F149' data-tocid='SECB3000F149' > <span class='name'>Boot process for iPhone and iPad devices</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Memory safe iBoot implementation' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec30d8d9ec1/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec30d8d9ec1/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec30d8d9ec1/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC30D8D9EC1' data-tocid='SEC30D8D9EC1' > <span class='name'>Memory safe iBoot implementation</span> </a> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Mac computers with Apple silicon' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SEC3C46C619D' onClick='' > <span class='name'>Mac computers with Apple silicon</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SEC3C46C619D' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Boot process' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secac71d5623/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secac71d5623/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secac71d5623/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECAC71D5623' data-tocid='SECAC71D5623' > <span class='name'>Boot process</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Boot modes' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec10869885b/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec10869885b/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec10869885b/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC10869885B' data-tocid='SEC10869885B' > <span class='name'>Boot modes</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Paired recoveryOS restrictions' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec4cf9d63a6/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec4cf9d63a6/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec4cf9d63a6/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC4CF9D63A6' data-tocid='SEC4CF9D63A6' > <span class='name'>Paired recoveryOS restrictions</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Startup Disk security policy control' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec7d92dc49f/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec7d92dc49f/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec7d92dc49f/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC7D92DC49F' data-tocid='SEC7D92DC49F' > <span class='name'>Startup Disk security policy control</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='LocalPolicy signing-key creation and management' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec1f90fbad1/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec1f90fbad1/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec1f90fbad1/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC1F90FBAD1' data-tocid='SEC1F90FBAD1' > <span class='name'>LocalPolicy signing-key creation and management</span> </a> </li> <li class="selected"> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Contents of a LocalPolicy file for a Mac with Apple silicon' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc745a0845/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc745a0845/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc745a0845/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECC745A0845' data-tocid='SECC745A0845' aria-current='page' > <span class='name'>Contents of a LocalPolicy file for a Mac with Apple silicon</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Intel-based Mac computers' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SEC3650A1266' onClick='' > <span class='name'>Intel-based Mac computers</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SEC3650A1266' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Boot process' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec5d0fab7c6/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec5d0fab7c6/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec5d0fab7c6/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC5D0FAB7C6' data-tocid='SEC5D0FAB7C6' > <span class='name'>Boot process</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Boot modes' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec7703b1423/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec7703b1423/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec7703b1423/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC7703B1423' data-tocid='SEC7703B1423' > <span class='name'>Boot modes</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Startup Security Utility' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc7b34e5b5/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc7b34e5b5/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc7b34e5b5/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECC7B34E5B5' data-tocid='SECC7B34E5B5' > <span class='name'>Startup Security Utility</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Firmware password protection' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec28382c9ca/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec28382c9ca/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec28382c9ca/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC28382C9CA' data-tocid='SEC28382C9CA' > <span class='name'>Firmware password protection</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='recoveryOS and diagnostics environments' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec2512a0c09/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec2512a0c09/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec2512a0c09/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC2512A0C09' data-tocid='SEC2512A0C09' > <span class='name'>recoveryOS and diagnostics environments</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Signed system volume security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd698747c9/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd698747c9/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd698747c9/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECD698747C9' data-tocid='SECD698747C9' > <span class='name'>Signed system volume security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Secure software updates' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf683e0b36/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf683e0b36/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf683e0b36/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECF683E0B36' data-tocid='SECF683E0B36' > <span class='name'>Secure software updates</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Operating system integrity' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec8b776536b/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec8b776536b/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec8b776536b/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC8B776536B' data-tocid='SEC8B776536B' > <span class='name'>Operating system integrity</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Activating data connections securely' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec5044aad1b/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec5044aad1b/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec5044aad1b/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC5044AAD1B' data-tocid='SEC5044AAD1B' > <span class='name'>Activating data connections securely</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Verifying accessories' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec70a4f377d/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec70a4f377d/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec70a4f377d/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC70A4F377D' data-tocid='SEC70A4F377D' > <span class='name'>Verifying accessories</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='BlastDoor for Messages and IDS' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd3c881cee/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd3c881cee/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd3c881cee/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECD3C881CEE' data-tocid='SECD3C881CEE' > <span class='name'>BlastDoor for Messages and IDS</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Lockdown Mode security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec2437264f0/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec2437264f0/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec2437264f0/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC2437264F0' data-tocid='SEC2437264F0' > <span class='name'>Lockdown Mode security</span> </a> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Additional macOS system security capabilities' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SECDA4F2237A' onClick='' > <span class='name'>Additional macOS system security capabilities</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SECDA4F2237A' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Additional macOS system security capabilities' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec2fd2cc63d/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec2fd2cc63d/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec2fd2cc63d/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC2FD2CC63D' data-tocid='SEC2FD2CC63D' > <span class='name'>Additional macOS system security capabilities</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='System Integrity Protection' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb7ea06b49/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb7ea06b49/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb7ea06b49/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECB7EA06B49' data-tocid='SECB7EA06B49' > <span class='name'>System Integrity Protection</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Trust caches' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec7d38fbf97/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec7d38fbf97/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec7d38fbf97/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC7D38FBF97' data-tocid='SEC7D38FBF97' > <span class='name'>Trust caches</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Peripheral processor security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca500d4f2b/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca500d4f2b/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca500d4f2b/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECA500D4F2B' data-tocid='SECA500D4F2B' > <span class='name'>Peripheral processor security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Rosetta 2 on a Mac with Apple silicon' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secebb113be1/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secebb113be1/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secebb113be1/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECEBB113BE1' data-tocid='SECEBB113BE1' > <span class='name'>Rosetta 2 on a Mac with Apple silicon</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Direct memory access protections' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca4960c2b5/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca4960c2b5/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca4960c2b5/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECA4960C2B5' data-tocid='SECA4960C2B5' > <span class='name'>Direct memory access protections</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Securely extending the kernel' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec8e454101b/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec8e454101b/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec8e454101b/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC8E454101B' data-tocid='SEC8E454101B' > <span class='name'>Securely extending the kernel</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Option ROM security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc80b0cd0c/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc80b0cd0c/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc80b0cd0c/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECC80B0CD0C' data-tocid='SECC80B0CD0C' > <span class='name'>Option ROM security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='UEFI firmware security in an Intel-based Mac' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seced055bcf6/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seced055bcf6/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seced055bcf6/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECED055BCF6' data-tocid='SECED055BCF6' > <span class='name'>UEFI firmware security in an Intel-based Mac</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='System security for watchOS' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc7d85209d/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc7d85209d/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc7d85209d/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECC7D85209D' data-tocid='SECC7D85209D' > <span class='name'>System security for watchOS</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Random number generation' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca0c73a75b/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca0c73a75b/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca0c73a75b/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECA0C73A75B' data-tocid='SECA0C73A75B' > <span class='name'>Random number generation</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Apple Security Research Device' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca7ff718d2/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca7ff718d2/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca7ff718d2/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECA7FF718D2' data-tocid='SECA7FF718D2' > <span class='name'>Apple Security Research Device</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Encryption and Data Protection' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SEC41DE7FD06' onClick='' > <span class='name'>Encryption and Data Protection</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SEC41DE7FD06' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Encryption and Data Protection overview' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sece3bee0835/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sece3bee0835/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sece3bee0835/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECE3BEE0835' data-tocid='SECE3BEE0835' > <span class='name'>Encryption and Data Protection overview</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Passcodes and passwords' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec20230a10d/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec20230a10d/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec20230a10d/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC20230A10D' data-tocid='SEC20230A10D' > <span class='name'>Passcodes and passwords</span> </a> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Data Protection' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SEC9697848CB' onClick='' > <span class='name'>Data Protection</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SEC9697848CB' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Data Protection overview' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf6276da8a/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf6276da8a/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf6276da8a/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECF6276DA8A' data-tocid='SECF6276DA8A' > <span class='name'>Data Protection overview</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Data Protection' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sece8608431d/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sece8608431d/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sece8608431d/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECE8608431D' data-tocid='SECE8608431D' > <span class='name'>Data Protection</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Data Protection classes' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb010e978a/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb010e978a/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb010e978a/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECB010E978A' data-tocid='SECB010E978A' > <span class='name'>Data Protection classes</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Keybags for Data Protection' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec6483d5760/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec6483d5760/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec6483d5760/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC6483D5760' data-tocid='SEC6483D5760' > <span class='name'>Keybags for Data Protection</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Protecting keys in alternate boot modes' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sece49ec4098/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sece49ec4098/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sece49ec4098/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECE49EC4098' data-tocid='SECE49EC4098' > <span class='name'>Protecting keys in alternate boot modes</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Protecting user data in the face of attack' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf5549a4f5/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf5549a4f5/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf5549a4f5/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECF5549A4F5' data-tocid='SECF5549A4F5' > <span class='name'>Protecting user data in the face of attack</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Sealed Key Protection (SKP)' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secdc7c6c88e/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secdc7c6c88e/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secdc7c6c88e/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECDC7C6C88E' data-tocid='SECDC7C6C88E' > <span class='name'>Sealed Key Protection (SKP)</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Role of Apple File System' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca6147599e/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca6147599e/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca6147599e/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECA6147599E' data-tocid='SECA6147599E' > <span class='name'>Role of Apple File System</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Keychain data protection' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb0694df1a/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb0694df1a/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb0694df1a/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECB0694DF1A' data-tocid='SECB0694DF1A' > <span class='name'>Keychain data protection</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='FileVault' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SEC0DA02A25C' onClick='' > <span class='name'>FileVault</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SEC0DA02A25C' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Volume encryption with FileVault' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec4c6dc1b6e/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec4c6dc1b6e/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec4c6dc1b6e/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC4C6DC1B6E' data-tocid='SEC4C6DC1B6E' > <span class='name'>Volume encryption with FileVault</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Managing FileVault' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec8447f5049/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec8447f5049/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec8447f5049/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC8447F5049' data-tocid='SEC8447F5049' > <span class='name'>Managing FileVault</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='How Apple protects users’ personal data' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SEC547F20257' onClick='' > <span class='name'>How Apple protects users’ personal data</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SEC547F20257' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Protecting app access to user data' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc01781f46/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc01781f46/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc01781f46/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECC01781F46' data-tocid='SECC01781F46' > <span class='name'>Protecting app access to user data</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Protecting access to user’s health data' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec88be9900f/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec88be9900f/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec88be9900f/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC88BE9900F' data-tocid='SEC88BE9900F' > <span class='name'>Protecting access to user’s health data</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Digital signing and encryption' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd0da50a09/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd0da50a09/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd0da50a09/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECD0DA50A09' data-tocid='SECD0DA50A09' > <span class='name'>Digital signing and encryption</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='App security' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SEC20E44D910' onClick='' > <span class='name'>App security</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SEC20E44D910' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='App security overview' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec35dd877d0/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec35dd877d0/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec35dd877d0/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC35DD877D0' data-tocid='SEC35DD877D0' > <span class='name'>App security overview</span> </a> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='App security in iOS and iPadOS' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SEC42308DFA3' onClick='' > <span class='name'>App security in iOS and iPadOS</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SEC42308DFA3' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Intro to app security for iOS and iPadOS' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf49cad4db/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf49cad4db/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf49cad4db/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECF49CAD4DB' data-tocid='SECF49CAD4DB' > <span class='name'>Intro to app security for iOS and iPadOS</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='About App Store security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb8f887a15/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb8f887a15/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb8f887a15/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECB8F887A15' data-tocid='SECB8F887A15' > <span class='name'>About App Store security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='App code signing process' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec7c917bf14/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec7c917bf14/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec7c917bf14/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC7C917BF14' data-tocid='SEC7C917BF14' > <span class='name'>App code signing process</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Security of runtime process' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec15bfe098e/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec15bfe098e/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec15bfe098e/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC15BFE098E' data-tocid='SEC15BFE098E' > <span class='name'>Security of runtime process</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Supporting extensions' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secabd3504cd/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secabd3504cd/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secabd3504cd/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECABD3504CD' data-tocid='SECABD3504CD' > <span class='name'>Supporting extensions</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='App protection and app groups' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec1a976c067/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec1a976c067/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec1a976c067/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC1A976C067' data-tocid='SEC1A976C067' > <span class='name'>App protection and app groups</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='App security in macOS' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SEC8144D57B8' onClick='' > <span class='name'>App security in macOS</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SEC8144D57B8' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Intro to app security for macOS' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf826eff27/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf826eff27/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf826eff27/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECF826EFF27' data-tocid='SECF826EFF27' > <span class='name'>Intro to app security for macOS</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='App code signing process' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec3ad8e6e53/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec3ad8e6e53/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec3ad8e6e53/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC3AD8E6E53' data-tocid='SEC3AD8E6E53' > <span class='name'>App code signing process</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Gatekeeper and runtime protection' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec5599b66df/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec5599b66df/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec5599b66df/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC5599B66DF' data-tocid='SEC5599B66DF' > <span class='name'>Gatekeeper and runtime protection</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Protecting against malware' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec469d47bd8/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec469d47bd8/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec469d47bd8/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC469D47BD8' data-tocid='SEC469D47BD8' > <span class='name'>Protecting against malware</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Controlling app access to files' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secddd1d86a6/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secddd1d86a6/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secddd1d86a6/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECDDD1D86A6' data-tocid='SECDDD1D86A6' > <span class='name'>Controlling app access to files</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Secure features in the Notes app' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec1782bcab1/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec1782bcab1/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec1782bcab1/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC1782BCAB1' data-tocid='SEC1782BCAB1' > <span class='name'>Secure features in the Notes app</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Secure features in the Shortcuts app' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secec043bdae/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secec043bdae/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secec043bdae/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECEC043BDAE' data-tocid='SECEC043BDAE' > <span class='name'>Secure features in the Shortcuts app</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Services security' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SEC9FAB86D1F' onClick='' > <span class='name'>Services security</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SEC9FAB86D1F' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Services security overview' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec025128f1b/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec025128f1b/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec025128f1b/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC025128F1B' data-tocid='SEC025128F1B' > <span class='name'>Services security overview</span> </a> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Apple ID and Managed Apple ID' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SEC6CD6FB8A7' onClick='' > <span class='name'>Apple ID and Managed Apple ID</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SEC6CD6FB8A7' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Apple ID security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secbd5822138/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secbd5822138/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secbd5822138/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECBD5822138' data-tocid='SECBD5822138' > <span class='name'>Apple ID security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Managed Apple ID security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec049674014/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec049674014/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec049674014/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC049674014' data-tocid='SEC049674014' > <span class='name'>Managed Apple ID security</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='iCloud' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SECB3F3FF12F' onClick='' > <span class='name'>iCloud</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SECB3F3FF12F' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='iCloud security overview' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secacde2d0da/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secacde2d0da/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secacde2d0da/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECACDE2D0DA' data-tocid='SECACDE2D0DA' > <span class='name'>iCloud security overview</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='iCloud encryption' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec3cac31735/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec3cac31735/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec3cac31735/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC3CAC31735' data-tocid='SEC3CAC31735' > <span class='name'>iCloud encryption</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Advanced Data Protection for iCloud' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec973254c5f/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec973254c5f/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec973254c5f/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC973254C5F' data-tocid='SEC973254C5F' > <span class='name'>Advanced Data Protection for iCloud</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Security of iCloud Backup' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec2c21e7f49/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec2c21e7f49/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" 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data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secdc2567239/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secdc2567239/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secdc2567239/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECDC2567239' data-tocid='SECDC2567239' > <span class='name'>Adding credit or debit cards to Apple Pay</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Payment authorization with Apple Pay' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc1f57e189/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc1f57e189/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc1f57e189/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECC1F57E189' 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data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secbd55491ad/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secbd55491ad/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secbd55491ad/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECBD55491AD' data-tocid='SECBD55491AD' > <span class='name'>Contactless passes in Apple Pay</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Rendering cards unusable with Apple Pay' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca09c3b780/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca09c3b780/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca09c3b780/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECA09C3B780' data-tocid='SECA09C3B780' > <span class='name'>Rendering cards unusable with Apple Pay</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Apple Card security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb29b74e98/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb29b74e98/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb29b74e98/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECB29B74E98' data-tocid='SECB29B74E98' > <span class='name'>Apple Card security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Apple Cash security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec133775d09/1/web/1' 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data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Using Apple Wallet' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SEC9CA91D9C7' onClick='' > <span class='name'>Using Apple Wallet</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SEC9CA91D9C7' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Access using Apple Wallet' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec75f6d5040/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec75f6d5040/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec75f6d5040/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC75F6D5040' data-tocid='SEC75F6D5040' > <span class='name'>Access using Apple Wallet</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Access key types' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec30bdef041/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec30bdef041/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec30bdef041/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC30BDEF041' data-tocid='SEC30BDEF041' > <span class='name'>Access key types</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Car key security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf64471c16/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf64471c16/1/web/1' 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data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='IDs in Apple Wallet' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SEC9EBC32F51' onClick='' > <span class='name'>IDs in Apple Wallet</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SEC9EBC32F51' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='IDs in Apple Wallet' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc50cff810/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc50cff810/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc50cff810/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECC50CFF810' data-tocid='SECC50CFF810' > <span class='name'>IDs in Apple Wallet</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple 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data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec802e8ab55/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec802e8ab55/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec802e8ab55/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC802E8AB55' data-tocid='SEC802E8AB55' > <span class='name'>VPN security</span> </a> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Wi-Fi security' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SECB7A1E9E4C' onClick='' > <span class='name'>Wi-Fi security</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SECB7A1E9E4C' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Secure access to wireless networks' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec8a67fa93d/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec8a67fa93d/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec8a67fa93d/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC8A67FA93D' data-tocid='SEC8A67FA93D' > <span class='name'>Secure access to wireless networks</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Wi-Fi privacy' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb9cb3140c/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb9cb3140c/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb9cb3140c/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECB9CB3140C' data-tocid='SECB9CB3140C' > <span class='name'>Wi-Fi privacy</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Bluetooth security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec82597d97e/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec82597d97e/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec82597d97e/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC82597D97E' data-tocid='SEC82597D97E' > <span class='name'>Bluetooth security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Ultra Wideband security in iOS' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec1e6108efd/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec1e6108efd/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec1e6108efd/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC1E6108EFD' data-tocid='SEC1E6108EFD' > <span class='name'>Ultra Wideband security in iOS</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Single sign-on security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec0c87ccc6d/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec0c87ccc6d/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec0c87ccc6d/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC0C87CCC6D' data-tocid='SEC0C87CCC6D' > <span class='name'>Single sign-on security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='AirDrop security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec2261183f4/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec2261183f4/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec2261183f4/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC2261183F4' data-tocid='SEC2261183F4' > <span class='name'>AirDrop security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Wi-Fi password sharing security on iPhone and iPad' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd2015ef35/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd2015ef35/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd2015ef35/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECD2015EF35' data-tocid='SECD2015EF35' > <span class='name'>Wi-Fi password sharing security on iPhone and iPad</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Firewall security in macOS' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca0e83763f/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca0e83763f/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca0e83763f/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECA0E83763F' data-tocid='SECA0E83763F' > <span class='name'>Firewall security in macOS</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Developer kit security' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SEC1B32D9B8A' onClick='' > <span class='name'>Developer kit security</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SEC1B32D9B8A' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Developer kit security overview' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec962ba9da5/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec962ba9da5/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec962ba9da5/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC962BA9DA5' data-tocid='SEC962BA9DA5' > <span class='name'>Developer kit security overview</span> </a> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='HomeKit security' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SEC1F0A0D15F' onClick='' > <span class='name'>HomeKit security</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SEC1F0A0D15F' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Communication security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec3a881ccb1/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec3a881ccb1/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec3a881ccb1/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC3A881CCB1' data-tocid='SEC3A881CCB1' > <span class='name'>Communication security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a 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data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seccab60e931/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECCAB60E931' data-tocid='SECCAB60E931' > <span class='name'>Securing routers with HomeKit</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Camera security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec525461d19/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec525461d19/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec525461d19/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC525461D19' data-tocid='SEC525461D19' > <span class='name'>Camera security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Security with Apple TV' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec5d283419e/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec5d283419e/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec5d283419e/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC5D283419E' data-tocid='SEC5D283419E' > <span class='name'>Security with Apple TV</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='SiriKit security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sece2da44807/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sece2da44807/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sece2da44807/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECE2DA44807' data-tocid='SECE2DA44807' > <span class='name'>SiriKit security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='WidgetKit security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secbb0a1f9b4/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secbb0a1f9b4/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secbb0a1f9b4/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECBB0A1F9B4' data-tocid='SECBB0A1F9B4' > <span class='name'>WidgetKit security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='DriverKit security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd0a47c14c/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd0a47c14c/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd0a47c14c/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECD0A47C14C' data-tocid='SECD0A47C14C' > <span class='name'>DriverKit security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='ReplayKit security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca5fc039dd/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca5fc039dd/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/seca5fc039dd/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECA5FC039DD' data-tocid='SECA5FC039DD' > <span class='name'>ReplayKit security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='ARKit security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secfd9ca2568/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secfd9ca2568/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secfd9ca2568/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECFD9CA2568' data-tocid='SECFD9CA2568' > <span class='name'>ARKit security</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Secure device management' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SEC6D8B93FE8' onClick='' > <span class='name'>Secure device management</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SEC6D8B93FE8' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Secure device management overview' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec38eb8731b/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec38eb8731b/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec38eb8731b/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC38EB8731B' data-tocid='SEC38EB8731B' > <span class='name'>Secure device management overview</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Pairing model security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secadb5b6434/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secadb5b6434/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secadb5b6434/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECADB5B6434' data-tocid='SECADB5B6434' > <span class='name'>Pairing model security</span> </a> </li> <li> <button class='section' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Mobile device management' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='node-children-SEC8F253FE6C' onClick='' > <span class='name'>Mobile device management</span> </button> <ul id='node-children-SEC8F253FE6C' class='non-leaf-node-children'> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='MDM security overview' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec013b5d35d/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec013b5d35d/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec013b5d35d/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC013B5D35D' data-tocid='SEC013B5D35D' > <span class='name'>MDM security overview</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Configuration enforcement' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf6fb9f053/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf6fb9f053/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secf6fb9f053/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECF6FB9F053' data-tocid='SECF6FB9F053' > <span class='name'>Configuration enforcement</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Automated Device Enrollment' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc2cd563ef/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc2cd563ef/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc2cd563ef/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECC2CD563EF' data-tocid='SECC2CD563EF' > <span class='name'>Automated Device Enrollment</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Activation Lock security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec0f8dfd030/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec0f8dfd030/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec0f8dfd030/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC0F8DFD030' data-tocid='SEC0F8DFD030' > <span class='name'>Activation Lock security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Managed Lost Mode and remote wipe' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc46f3562c/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc46f3562c/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secc46f3562c/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECC46F3562C' data-tocid='SECC46F3562C' > <span class='name'>Managed Lost Mode and remote wipe</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Shared iPad security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd99f373ef/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd99f373ef/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd99f373ef/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECD99F373EF' data-tocid='SECD99F373EF' > <span class='name'>Shared iPad security</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Apple Configurator security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sece6ced019e/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sece6ced019e/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sece6ced019e/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECE6CED019E' data-tocid='SECE6CED019E' > <span class='name'>Apple Configurator security</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Screen Time security' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd8831e732/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd8831e732/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secd8831e732/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECD8831E732' data-tocid='SECD8831E732' > <span class='name'>Screen Time security</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Glossary' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec93292bfa6/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec93292bfa6/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec93292bfa6/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC93292BFA6' data-tocid='SEC93292BFA6' > <span class='name'>Glossary</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Document revision history' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb82d6b274/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb82d6b274/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/secb82d6b274/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SECB82D6B274' data-tocid='SECB82D6B274' > <span class='name'>Document revision history</span> </a> </li> <li> <a data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='Apple Platform Security' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='toc list' data-ss-analytics-link-text='Copyright' class='toc-item' data-ss-analytics-link-url='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec2727afbbc/1/web/1' data-ajax-endpoint='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec2727afbbc/1/web/1' data-ss-analytics-event="acs.link_click" href='https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sec2727afbbc/1/web/1' id='toc-item-SEC2727AFBBC' data-tocid='SEC2727AFBBC' > <span class='name'>Copyright</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id='article-section-wrapper'> <div id='article-section' role='presentation'> <div class='AppleTopic apd-topic book book-content'> <div><body dir="ltr" id="secc745a0845" class="AppleTopic apd-topic" data-istaskopen="false" data-designversion="2" lang="en"><a name="secc745a0845"></a><figure class="topicIcon"><img src="https://help.apple.com/assets/6537FB06A074DBB5E802EA07/6537FB31280588A5490B6E1D/en_US/52d714626638d3391623c853be0c593b.png" alt="" height="30" width="30" originalImageName="GlobalArt/AppIconDefault_Security.png"></figure><h1>Contents of a LocalPolicy file for a Mac with Apple silicon</h1><p>The LocalPolicy is an Image4 file signed by the Secure Enclave. Image4 is an ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) DER-encoded data structure format that’s used to describe information about secure boot chain objects on Apple platforms. In an Image4-based secure boot model, security policies are requested at software installation time initiated by a signing request to a central Apple signing server. If the policy was acceptable, the signing server returns a signed Image4 file containing a variety of four-character code (4CC) sequences. These signed Image4 files and 4CCs are evaluated at startup by software like the Boot ROM or LLB.</p><div id="secb7cb6686c" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">Ownership handoff between operating systems</h2><p>Access to the Owner Identity Key (OIK) is referred to as “Ownership.” Ownership is required to allow users to resign the LocalPolicy after making policy or software changes. The OIK is protected with the same key hierarchy as described in <a href="https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/sealed-key-protection-skp-secdc7c6c88e/1/web/1" class="xRef AppleTopic">Sealed Key Protection (SKP)</a>, with the OIK being protected by the same Key encryption key (KEK) as the Volume encryption key (VEK). This means it’s normally protected by both user passwords and measurements of the operating system and policy. There’s only a single OIK for all operating systems on the Mac. Therefore, when installing a second operating system, explicit consent is required from the users on the first operating system to hand off Ownership to the users on the second operating system. However, users don’t yet exist for the second operating system, when the installer is running from the first operating system. Users in operating systems aren’t normally generated until the operating system is booted and the Setup Assistant is running. Thus two new actions are required when installing a second operating system on a Mac with Apple silicon:</p><ul><li><p>Creating a LocalPolicy for the second operating system</p></li><li><p>Preparing an “Install User” for handing off Ownership</p></li></ul><p>When running an Install Assistant and targeting installation for a secondary blank volume, a prompt asks the user if they’d like to copy a user from the current volume to be the first user of the second volume. If the user says yes, the “Install User” which is created is, in reality, a KEK which is derived from the selected user’s password and hardware keys, which is then used to encrypt the OIK as it’s being handed to the second operating system. Then from within the second operating system Install Assistant, it prompts for that user’s password, to allow it to access the OIK in the Secure Enclave for the new operating system. If users opt not to copy a user, the Install User is still created the same way, but an empty password is used instead of a user’s password. This second flow exists for certain system administration scenarios. However, users who want to have multivolume installs and want to perform Ownership handoff in the most secure fashion should always opt to copy a user from the first operating system to the second operating system.</p></div><div id="seccc42f39c8" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">LocalPolicy on a Mac with Apple silicon</h2><p>For a Mac with Apple silicon, local security policy control has been delegated to an application running in the Secure Enclave. This software can utilize the user’s credentials and the boot mode of the primary CPU to determine who can change the security policy and from what boot environment. This helps prevent malicious software from using the security policy controls against the user by downgrading them to gain more privileges.</p></div><div id="sece2aba5cb4" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">LocalPolicy manifest properties</h2><p>The LocalPolicy file contains some architectural 4CCs that are found in most all Image4 files—such as a board or model ID (BORD), indicating a particular Apple chip (CHIP), or <a href="https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/aside/sec21774ef95/1/web/1" class="xRef Aside">Exclusive Chip Identification (ECID)</a>. But the 4CCs below focus only on the security policies that users can configure.</p><div class="Alert"><p class="Note"><em>Note: </em>Apple uses the term <em>Paired One True recoveryOS (1TR)</em> to indicate a boot into the paired recoveryOS using a physical power button single-press-and-hold. This differs from a normal recoveryOS boot, which happens using NVRAM or double-press-and-hold or which may happen when errors occur on startup. The physical button press of a specific kind increases trust in that the boot environment isn’t reachable by a software-only attacker who has broken into macOS.</p></div></div><div id="secf0ba46818" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">LocalPolicy Nonce Hash (lpnh)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>OctetString (48)</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR, recoveryOS, macOS</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>The <code>lpnh</code> is used for anti-replay of the LocalPolicy. This is an SHA384 hash of the LocalPolicy Nonce (LPN), which is stored in the Secure Storage Component and accessible using the Secure Enclave Boot ROM or Secure Enclave. The raw anti-replay value is never visible to the Application Processor, only to the sepOS. An attacker wanting to convince LLB that a previous LocalPolicy they had captured was valid would need to place a value into the Secure Storage Component, which hashes to the same <code>lpnh</code> value found in the LocalPolicy they want to replay. Normally there is a single LPN valid on the system—except during software updates, when two are simultaneously valid—to allow for the possibility of falling back to booting the old software in the event of an update error. When any LocalPolicy for any operating system is changed, all policies are re-signed with the new <em>lpnh</em> value corresponding to the new LPN found in the Secure Storage Component. This change happens when the user changes security settings or creates new operating systems with a new LocalPolicy for each.</p></li></ul></div><div id="sec9810ea56b" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">Remote Policy Nonce Hash (rpnh)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>OctetString (48)</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR, recoveryOS, macOS</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>The <code>rpnh</code> behaves the same way as the <code>lpnh</code> but is updated only when the remote policy is updated, such as when changing the state of <span class="NoBreak">Find My</span> enrollment. This change happens when the user changes the state of <span class="NoBreak">Find My</span> on their Mac.</p></li></ul></div><div id="sece732c4729" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">recoveryOS Nonce Hash (ronh)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>OctetString (48)</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR, recoveryOS, macOS</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>The <code>ronh</code> behaves the same way as the lpnh, but is found exclusively in the LocalPolicy for system recoveryOS. It’s updated when the system recoveryOS is updated, such as on software updates. A separate anti-replay value from the <code>lpnh</code> and <code>rpnh</code> is used so that when a device is put into a disabled state by <span class="NoBreak">Find My</span>, existing operating systems can be disabled (by removing their LPN and RPN from the Secure Storage Component), while still leaving the system recoveryOS bootable. In this way, the operating systems can be reenabled when the system owner proves their control over the system by putting in their iCloud password used for the <span class="NoBreak">Find My</span> account. This change happens when a user updates the system recoveryOS or creates new operating systems.</p></li></ul></div><div id="secf9e54d8dc" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">Next Stage Image4 Manifest Hash (nsih)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>OctetString (48)</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR, recoveryOS, macOS</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>The <em>nsih</em> field represents an SHA384 hash of the Image4 manifest data structure that describes the booted macOS. The macOS Image4 manifest contains measurements for all the boot objects—such as iBoot, the static trust cache, device tree, Boot Kernel Collection, and signed system volume (SSV) volume root hash. When LLB is directed to boot a given macOS, it’s designed to ensure that the hash of the macOS Image4 manifest attached to iBoot matches what’s captured in the <code>nsih</code> field of the LocalPolicy. In this way, the <code>nsih</code> captures the user intention of what operating system the user has created a LocalPolicy for. Users change the <code>nsih</code> value implicitly when they perform a software update.</p></li></ul></div><div id="sec5715d1388" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">Cryptex1 Image4 Manifest Hash (spih)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>OctetString (48) </p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR, recoveryOS, macOS </p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>The <code>spih</code> field represents an SHA384 hash of the Cryptex1 Image4 manifest data structure. The Cryptex1 Image4 manifest contains measurements of its cryptexes, their file system seals, and their associated trust cache. When macOS is starting up, the XNU kernel and Page Protection Layer ensure that the hash of the Cryptex1 Image4 manifest matches what iBoot published from the <code>spih</code> field of the LocalPolicy. Users change the <code>spih</code> value implicitly when they install a Rapid Security Response or perform a software update. The Cryptex1 Image4 Manifest Hash can be updated independently of the Next Stage Image4 Manifest Hash.</p></li></ul></div><div id="sec1ab531bae" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">Cryptex1 Generation (stng)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>64 bit unsigned integer </p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR, recoveryOS, macOS </p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>The <code>stng</code> field is a counter value representing when the Cryptex1 Image4 Manifest Hash was last updated in a LocalPolicy. It provides an anti-replay value in place of <code>lpnh</code> during the Page Protection Layer’s evaluation of the local policy for applying the Incoming Cryptex. Users increase the <code>stng</code> value implicitly when they install a Rapid Security Response or a software update.</p></li></ul></div><div id="sec6512859ac" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">Auxiliary Kernel Collection (AuxKC) Policy Hash (auxp)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>OctetString (48)</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>macOS</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>The <code>auxp</code> is an SHA384 hash of the user-authorized kext list (UAKL) policy. This is used at AuxKC generation time to help ensure that only user-authorized kexts are included in the AuxKC. <code>smb2</code> is a prerequisite for setting this field. Users change the <code>auxp</code> value implicitly when they change the UAKL by approving a kext from Privacy & Security in System Settings (<span class="NoBreak">macOS 13</span> or later) or the Security & Privacy pane in System Preferences (<span class="NoBreak">macOS 12</span> or earlier).</p></li></ul></div><div id="sec92fa6a900" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">Auxiliary Kernel Collection (AuxKC) Image4 Manifest Hash (auxi)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>OctetString (48)</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>macOS</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>After the system verifies that the UAKL hash matches what’s found in the <code>auxp</code> field of the LocalPolicy, it requests that the AuxKC be signed by the Secure Enclave processor application that’s responsible for LocalPolicy signing. Next, an SHA384 hash of the AuxKC Image4 manifest signature is placed into the LocalPolicy to avoid the potential for mixing and matching previously signed AuxKCs to an operating system at boot time. If iBoot finds the <code>auxi</code> field in the LocalPolicy, it attempts to load the AuxKC from storage and validate its signature. It also verifies that the hash of the Image4 manifest attached to the AuxKC matches the value found in the <code>auxi</code> field. If the AuxKC fails to load for any reason, the system continues to boot without this boot object and (so) without any third-party kexts loaded. The <code>auxp</code> field is a prerequisite for setting the auxi field in the LocalPolicy. Users change the <code>auxi</code> value implicitly when they change the UAKL by approving a kext from Privacy & Security in System Settings (<span class="NoBreak">macOS 13</span> or later) or the Security & Privacy pane in System Preferences (<span class="NoBreak">macOS 12</span> or earlier).</p></li></ul></div><div id="sec4310bdafa" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">Auxiliary Kernel Collection (AuxKC) Receipt Hash (auxr)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>OctetString (48)</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>macOS</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>The <code>auxr</code> is an SHA384 hash of the AuxKC receipt, which indicates the exact set of kexts that were included into the AuxKC. The AuxKC receipt can be a subset of the UAKL, because kexts can be excluded from the AuxKC even if they’re user authorized if they’re known to be used for attacks. In addition, some kexts that can be used to break the user-kernel boundary may lead to decreased functionality, such as an inability to use <span class="NoBreak">Apple Pay</span> or play 4K and HDR content. Users who want these capabilities opt in to a more restrictive AuxKC inclusion. The <code>auxp</code> field is a prerequisite for setting the <code>auxr</code> field in the LocalPolicy. Users change the <code>auxr</code> value implicitly when they build a new AuxKC from Privacy & Security in System Settings (<span class="NoBreak">macOS 13</span> or later) or the Security & Privacy pane in System Preferences (<span class="NoBreak">macOS 12</span> or earlier).</p></li></ul></div><div id="seca3a7a3591" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">CustomOS Image4 Manifest Hash (coih)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>OctetString (48)</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>The <code>coih</code> is an SHA384 hash of CustomOS Image4 manifest. The payload for that manifest is used by iBoot (instead of the XNU kernel) to transfer control. Users change the <code>coih</code> value implicitly when they use the <code>kmutil configure-boot</code> command-line tool in 1TR.</p></li></ul></div><div id="sec2f830cc77" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">APFS volume group UUID (vuid)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>OctetString (16)</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR, recoveryOS, macOS</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>The <code>vuid</code> indicates the volume group the kernel should use as root. This field is primarily informational and isn’t used for security constraints. This <code>vuid</code> is set by the user implicitly when creating a new operating system install.</p></li></ul></div><div id="secb675f0e02" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">Key encryption key (KEK) Group UUID (kuid)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>OctetString (16)</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR, recoveryOS, macOS</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>The <code>kuid</code> indicates the volume that was booted. The key encryption key has typically been used for Data Protection. For each LocalPolicy, it’s used to protect the LocalPolicy signing key. The <code>kuid</code> is set by the user implicitly when creating a new operating system install.</p></li></ul></div><div id="secec837b5e4" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">Paired recoveryOS Trusted Boot Policy Measurement (prot)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>OctetString (48)</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR, recoveryOS, macOS</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>A paired recoveryOS Trusted Boot Policy Measurement (TBPM) is a special iterative SHA384 hash calculation over the Image4 manifest of a LocalPolicy, excluding anti-replay values, to give a consistent measurement over time (because anti-replay values like <code>lpnh</code> are frequently updated). The <code>prot</code> field, which is found only in each macOS LocalPolicy, provides a pairing to indicate the recoveryOS LocalPolicy that corresponds to the macOS LocalPolicy.</p></li></ul></div><div id="sec37ffbf258" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">Has Secure Enclave Signed recoveryOS Local Policy (hrlp)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>Boolean</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR, recoveryOS, macOS</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>The <code>hrlp</code> indicates whether or not the <code>prot</code> value (above) is the measurement of a Secure Enclave–signed recoveryOS LocalPolicy. If not, then the recoveryOS LocalPolicy is signed by the Apple online signing server, which signs things such as macOS Image4 files.</p></li></ul></div><div id="sec1d7c0b1fe" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">Local Operating System Version (love)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>Boolean</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR, recoveryOS, macOS</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>The <code>love</code> indicates the OS version that the LocalPolicy is created for. The version is obtained from the next state manifest during LocalPolicy creation and is used to enforce recoveryOS pairing restrictions.</p></li></ul></div><div id="secdf9f5e103" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">Secure Multi-Boot (smb0)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>Boolean</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR, recoveryOS</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>If <code>smb0</code> is present and true, LLB allows the next stage Image4 manifest to be globally signed instead of requiring a personalized signature. Users can change this field with Startup Security Utility or <code>bputil</code> to downgrade to Reduced Security.</p></li></ul></div><div id="secbc4e15fb3" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">Secure Multi-Boot (smb1)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>Boolean</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>If <code>smb1</code> is present and true, iBoot allows objects such as a custom kernel collection to be Secure Enclave signed with the same key as the LocalPolicy. Presence of <code>smb0</code> is a prerequisite for presence of <code>smb1</code>. Users can change this field using command-line tools such as <code>csrutil</code> or <code>bputil</code> to downgrade to Permissive Security.</p></li></ul></div><div id="sec653d1c02d" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">Secure Multi-Boot (smb2)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>Boolean</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>If <code>smb2</code> is present and true, iBoot allows the Auxiliary Kernel Collection to be Secure Enclave signed with the same key as the LocalPolicy. The presence of <code>smb0</code> is a prerequisite for the presence of <code>smb2</code>. Users can change this field using Startup Security Utility or <code>bputil</code> to downgrade to Reduced Security and enable third-party kexts.</p></li></ul></div><div id="sec8cabb9528" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">Secure Multi-Boot (smb3)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>Boolean</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>If <code>smb3</code> is present and true, a user at the device has opted in to mobile device management (MDM) control of their system. Presence of this field makes the LocalPolicy-controlling Secure Enclave processor application accept MDM authentication instead of requiring local user authentication. Users can change this field using Startup Security Utility or <code>bputil</code> to enable managed control over third-party kexts and software updates. (In <span class="NoBreak">macOS 11.2</span> or later, MDM can also initiate an update to the latest macOS version if the current security mode is Full Security.)</p></li></ul></div><div id="sec158e8519f" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">Secure Multi-Boot (smb4)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>Boolean</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>macOS</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>If <code>smb4</code> is present and true, the device has opted in to MDM control of the operating system using <a href="https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/aside/sec76b4b5232/1/web/1" class="xRef Aside">Apple School Manager</a>, <a href="https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/aside/sec940ec17e5/1/web/1" class="xRef Aside">Apple Business Manager</a>, or Apple Business Essentials. Presence of this field makes the LocalPolicy-controlling Secure Enclave application accept MDM authentication instead of requiring local user authentication. This field is changed by the MDM solution when it detects that a device’s serial number appears in any of those three services.</p></li></ul></div><div id="secafa5069ec" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">System Integrity Protection (sip0)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>64 bit unsigned integer</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>The <code>sip0</code> holds the existing System Integrity Protection (SIP) policy bits that previously were stored in NVRAM. New SIP policy bits are added here (instead of using LocalPolicy fields like the below) if they’re used only in macOS and not used by LLB. Users can change this field using <code>csrutil</code> from 1TR to disable SIP and downgrade to Permissive Security.</p></li></ul></div><div id="sec7335f66a5" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">System Integrity Protection (sip1)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>Boolean</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>If <code>sip1</code> is present and true, iBoot allows failures to verify the SSV volume root hash. Users can change this field using <code>csrutil</code> or <code>bputil</code> from 1TR.</p></li></ul></div><div id="sec458f1ceae" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">System Integrity Protection (sip2)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>Boolean</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>If sip2 is present and true, iBoot won’t lock the <em>Configurable Text Read-only Region (CTRR)</em> hardware register that marks kernel memory as non-writable. Users can change this field using <code>csrutil</code> or <code>bputil</code> from 1TR.</p></li></ul></div><div id="sec891bd7c40" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">System Integrity Protection (sip3)</h2><ul><li><p><em>Type: </em>Boolean</p></li><li><p><em>Mutable environments: </em>1TR</p></li><li><p><em>Description: </em>If <code>sip3</code> is present and true, iBoot won’t enforce its built-in allow list for the boot-args NVRAM variable, which would otherwise filter the options passed to the kernel. Users can change this field using <code>csrutil</code> or <code>bputil</code> from 1TR.</p></li></ul></div><div id="sec05fe9a507" class="Subhead"><h2 class="Name">Certificates and RemotePolicy</h2><p>As described in <a href="https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/localpolicy-signing-key-creation-management-sec1f90fbad1/1/web/1" class="xRef AppleTopic">LocalPolicy signing-key creation and management</a>, the LocalPolicy Image4 also contains the Owner Identity Certificate (OIC) and the embedded RemotePolicy.</p></div><Footer>Published Date: May 07, 2024</Footer><div class="LinkUniversal"><strong>See also</strong><a href="https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/boot-process-secac71d5623/1/web/1" class="xRef AppleTopic">Boot process for a Mac with Apple silicon</a><a href="https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/boot-modes-sec10869885b/1/web/1" class="xRef AppleTopic">Boot modes for a Mac with Apple silicon</a><a href="https://support.apple.com/en-bh/guide/security/activation-lock-security-sec0f8dfd030/1/web/1" class="xRef AppleTopic">Activation Lock security</a></div><div class="LinkDownload single"><p><a href="https://help.apple.com/pdf/security/en_US/apple-platform-security-guide.pdf" id="sec1d75ee4db" class="URL">Download this guide as a PDF</a></p></div></body></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id='aside-hidden-content'> <div class="main"> </div> </div> <div id='helpful-rating-wrapper'> <div id='helpful' class='ratings okapi-enabled'> <div id='question-state' class='show'> <fieldset> <legend> <span id="okapi-a">Helpful?</span> </legend> <div class='helpful-btn-grp'> <button class='button button-secondary' id='yes-button' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='helpful' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='helpful' data-ss-analytics-link-text='yes' data-ss-analytics-event=acs.link_click title='Solved my problem'> Yes </button> <button class='button button-secondary' id='no-button' data-ss-analytics-link-component_name='helpful' data-ss-analytics-link-component_type='helpful' data-ss-analytics-link-text='no' data-ss-analytics-event=acs.link_click title='Not helpful'> No </button> </div> </fieldset> </div> <div id='feedback-state' class="form-element form-textbox-labelbelow hide"> <form autocomplete="off"> <input type='hidden' id='form-counter-error-message' value="Maximum character limit is 250." /> <label id='feedback-label' data-no-label="Thanks for letting us know." data-yes-label="We’re glad this article helped." ></label> <div class='form-element form-textbox-labelbelow' id='feedback'> <div class="textarea-wrapper"> <span class='form-label' id='optional_label' aria-hidden='true'></span> <div> <textarea class='form-textbox form-textbox-textarea form-counter-textarea form-textbox-entered' data-no-placeholder="How can we make this article more helpful? 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