Anthony-J-Arduengo-III

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Ritter" }, "wordCount":"", "pageStart":"36", "pageEnd":"36", "articleSection":"Synthesis,Synthesis,Movers And Shakers", "abstract":"<p>Anthony J. Arduengo III likes molecules that break the rules. The University of Alabama chemistry professor has spent his career creating compounds with abnormal valency and bonding arrangements leading to unusual molecular electronic properties. Although many chemists might not recognize Arduengo by name, they will recognize one of his milestone rule-breaking achievements: the discovery 20 years ago of the first isolable N-heterocyclic carbene, or NHC. Arduengo was a researcher at DuPont when he made the cyclic diamine (an imidazole) bearing adamantyl substituents. In carbenes, the central carbon has a valency of two instead of the usual four, Arduengo explains. A lone pair of electrons fills one of the carbon’s orbitals, leaving one orbital empty. Chemists once viewed carbenes as highly reactive, transient species that were important intermediates in some reactions, Arduengo says. Although predictions were made that the electron imbalance in carbenes could be stabilized with structural modifications, no one</p>", "dateModified": "2020-12-14 20:21:52.668+0000", "keywords": "carbene, N-heterocyclic carbene, solar cell, organocatalyst, organometallic chemistry", "copyrightHolder": "Chemical & Engineering News", "publication": "Chemical & Engineering News", "copyrightYear": "2012", "alternativeHeadline": "", "headline": "Anthony J. 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Ritter </a> </i> </h5> <h5 class="article-intro-author-name"> <div class="article-intro-volume-number"> October 15, 2012 | A version of this story appeared in <a class="article-intro-author-name-link" href="/magazine/90/09042.html"> Volume 90, Issue 42 </a> </div> </h5> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section> </section> <section> </section> <section> </section> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="sidebar-wrap"> <div class="sidebar-right "> <div class="large-3 large-offset-9"> <div class="fixed-right-rail "> <div class="aem-Grid aem-Grid--12 aem-Grid--default--12 "> <div class="genericAds aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"> <div class="article-small-ads"> <h6 class="text-center sticky-ad-header">Advertisement</h6> <div id="div-gpt-ad-6603120-3"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-6603120-3'); }); </script> </div> </div> <script> $(".article-small-ads > h6").css("margin-bottom","0rem"); </script></div> <div class="popularArticles aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"> <div class="article-popular"> <p class="popular-title popular-desc">Most Popular in <a class="most-popular-taxnomy" href="/topics/synthesis.html">Synthesis</a> <ul class="article-popular-main"> <li class="popular-desc popular-list"> <a class="popular-link" href="/synthesis/fluorination/Simple-method-converts-fluorspar-fluorochemicals/102/web/2024/11?sc=231026_mostread_eng_cen">Simple method converts fluorspar into fluorochemicals </a> </li> <li class="popular-desc popular-list"> <a class="popular-link" href="/synthesis/AI-powered-lab-partner/102/web/2024/11?sc=231026_mostread_eng_cen">An AI-powered lab partner </a> </li> <li class="popular-desc popular-list"> <a class="popular-link" href="/synthesis/Bending-rules-twisted-double-bonds/102/web/2024/11?sc=231026_mostread_eng_cen">Bending the rules for twisted double bonds </a> </li> <li class="popular-desc popular-list"> <a class="popular-link" href="/synthesis/Single-electron-carbon-carbon-bond/102/web/2024/09?sc=231026_mostread_eng_cen">Single-electron carbon-carbon bond identified </a> </li> <li class="popular-desc popular-list"> <a class="popular-link" href="/synthesis/c-h-activation/Transforming-soap-drugs/99/web/2021/11?sc=231026_mostread_eng_cen">Transforming soap into drugs</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section> <div class="aem-Grid aem-Grid--12 aem-Grid--default--12 "> <div class="bespokeText aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"> <div class="article-base-margin" id="a"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="large-9 medium-12 small-12 cell"> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p style="margin-top:-20px;"/> </div> <div class="long-form-text-par-1 container responsivegrid"> <div id="container-cfc4fdeb57" class="cmp-container"> <div class="image"> <div class="image-component image-component-medium pull-right"> <div class="image-title"> Arduengo </div> <a onclick="doMediaModal({'modal_div': 'media_modal_cen\u002D09042\u002Dscitech2\u002DChemRevPictcxd\u002Dgr1', 'mediaPath': 'https:\/\/s7d1.scene7.com\/is\/image\/CENODS\/09042\u002Dscitech2\u002DChemRevPictcxd?$responsive$\x26wid=300\x26qlt=90,0\x26resMode=sharp2'})"> <span class="enlarge_text">[+]Enlarge</span> </a> <div> <div id="media_modal_cen-09042-scitech2-ChemRevPictcxd-gr1" class="media_modal_image"> <div class="imagePopup"> <img width="80%" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"/></img> <div class="credit"> Credit: Courtesy of Anthony Arduengo </div> </div> </div> </div> <img src="/content/dam/cen/static/images/dev/thumbnail-profiles/placeholder.jpg" data-src="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/09042-scitech2-ChemRevPictcxd?$responsive$&wid=300&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2" data-srcset="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/09042-scitech2-ChemRevPictcxd?$responsive$&wid=300&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2" alt="Photo of Anthony J. Arduengo III." class="dmm-resize-img-medium cq-dd-image lazy lazy-image" title="Photo of Anthony J. Arduengo III."/> <div class="credit"> Credit: Courtesy of Anthony Arduengo </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p><span class="text-first-letter"><b>Anthony J. Arduengo III </b>likes molecules that break the rules. The University of Alabama chemistry professor has spent his career creating compounds with abnormal valency and bonding arrangements leading to unusual molecular electronic properties. Although many chemists might not recognize Arduengo by name, they will recognize one of his milestone rule-breaking achievements: the discovery 20 years ago of the first isolable N-heterocyclic carbene, or NHC.</span></p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p><a href="http://bama.ua.edu/~chem/people/faculty/arduengo/arduengo.html" shape="rect" title="Anthony J. Arduengo III">Arduengo</a> was a researcher at DuPont when he made the cyclic diamine (an imidazole) bearing adamantyl substituents. In carbenes, the central carbon has a valency of two instead of the usual four, Arduengo explains. A lone pair of electrons fills one of the carbon’s orbitals, leaving one orbital empty.</p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>Chemists once viewed carbenes as highly reactive, transient species that were important intermediates in some reactions, Arduengo says. Although predictions were made that the electron imbalance in carbenes could be stabilized with structural modifications, no one had been able to crystallize one and put it in a reagent bottle. He credits the research culture at DuPont for making it possible.</p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>“We worked on applied projects, but we also were free to look for new ideas and concepts. This discovery-driven approach liberates you from the philosophical confines of what is conventionally known,” he says. “Within that culture, if you keep your ear to the rail and listen for research problems that come along, you can always be thinking about how you might provide a quick solution.”</p> </div> <div class="long-form-text-par-5 container responsivegrid"> <div id="container-ecae04f9ec" class="cmp-container"> <div class="image"> <div class="image-component image-component-medium pull-right"> <a onclick="doMediaModal({'modal_div': 'media_modal_cen\u002D09042\u002Dscitech2\u002Dcarbene\u002Dgr2', 'mediaPath': 'https:\/\/s7d1.scene7.com\/is\/image\/CENODS\/09042\u002Dscitech2\u002Dcarbene?$responsive$\x26wid=300\x26qlt=90,0\x26resMode=sharp2'})"> <span class="enlarge_text">[+]Enlarge</span> </a> <div> <div id="media_modal_cen-09042-scitech2-carbene-gr2" class="media_modal_image"> <div class="imagePopup"> <img width="80%" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"/></img> </div> </div> </div> <img src="/content/dam/cen/static/images/dev/thumbnail-profiles/placeholder.jpg" data-src="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/09042-scitech2-carbene?$responsive$&wid=300&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2" data-srcset="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/09042-scitech2-carbene?$responsive$&wid=300&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2" alt="First stable N-heterocyclic carbene." class="dmm-resize-img-medium cq-dd-image lazy lazy-image" title="First stable N-heterocyclic carbene."/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>Arduengo had been working on developing cross-linking catalysts used in paints and other polymer-based systems. Meanwhile, DuPont was trying to develop an environmentally friendly waterborne coating with low volatile organic compound emissions, he says. He recognized that the catalytic imidazole thiones he had been working on provided a solution.</p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>It struck Arduengo that the carbene intermediates that captured sulfur to make the thiones had an unusual tolerance to moisture in the air and to a range of different types of substituent groups on the nitrogen atoms. “When you notice something like that in the lab, it tends to gnaw at you as to why,” Arduengo notes. “It finally dawned on me that these particular carbenes were really stable.” Although Arduengo’s DuPont managers thought he was chasing shadows trying to isolate a stable carbene, he gave it a shot anyway. He nailed it on his first try.</p> </div> <div class="long-form-text-par-7 container responsivegrid"> <div id="container-bb16ec3ff2" class="cmp-container"> <div class="inArticleRevealAds"> <style> .inArticleRevealAd1 { clear:both; padding : 20px 0px 20px 0px; } </style> <script> $(".inArticleRevealAds").removeClass("section"); </script> <div class="inArticleRevealAd1" id="div-gpt-ad-2894946-1"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-2894946-1'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>When news about Arduengo’s discovery spread, chemists quickly grouped NHCs with cyclopentadienes and phosphines as go-to ligands for transition-metal catalysts. They also found that NHCs function as metal-free organocatalysts. The carbenes now come in many varieties, and analogs have been made from elements all across the periodic table. They also have branched out from catalysis and into electronics and other applications.</p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>Arduengo’s interest in tinkering with molecules comes honestly, he says. He has always had an interest in working with tools and doing mechanical work. When he was 16, for example, he teamed up with his father to build a car from miscellaneous parts. His fascination with cars continues. Now 60, he owns a yellow 2008 Lotus Elise. “Aside from really liking the car, I feel a kinship to it because it has a DuPont automotive waterborne coating,” Arduengo says. “It’s nice to be able to look at something and see reflected in it the chemistry you’ve worked on.”</p> </div> <div class="long-form-text-par-9 container responsivegrid"> <div id="container-63e2a8e40d" class="cmp-container"> <div class="image"> <div class="image-component image-component-medium pull-right"> <a onclick="doMediaModal({'modal_div': 'media_modal_cen\u002D09042\u002Dscitech2\u002DAJAandNneamakaEnweanicxd\u002Dgr3', 'mediaPath': 'https:\/\/s7d1.scene7.com\/is\/image\/CENODS\/09042\u002Dscitech2\u002DAJAandNneamakaEnweanicxd?$responsive$\x26wid=300\x26qlt=90,0\x26resMode=sharp2'})"> <span class="enlarge_text">[+]Enlarge</span> </a> <div> <div id="media_modal_cen-09042-scitech2-AJAandNneamakaEnweanicxd-gr3" class="media_modal_image"> <div class="imagePopup"> <img width="80%" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"/></img> <div class="credit"> Credit: Courtesy of Anthony Arduengo </div> <div class="description"> Arduengo works in the lab with student Nneamaka Enweani. </div> </div> </div> </div> <img src="/content/dam/cen/static/images/dev/thumbnail-profiles/placeholder.jpg" data-src="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/09042-scitech2-AJAandNneamakaEnweanicxd?$responsive$&wid=300&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2" data-srcset="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/09042-scitech2-AJAandNneamakaEnweanicxd?$responsive$&wid=300&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2" alt="Photo of Anthony J. Arduengo III (right) with student Nneamaka Enweani (left)." class="dmm-resize-img-medium cq-dd-image lazy lazy-image" title="Photo of Anthony J. Arduengo III (right) with student Nneamaka Enweani (left)."/> <div class="credit"> Credit: Courtesy of Anthony Arduengo </div> <div class="caption"> Arduengo works in the lab with student Nneamaka Enweani. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p><b>Although he enjoyed</b> working at DuPont, Arduengo sensed in the late 1990s that the firm’s research culture was shifting toward project-driven applied research, where success or failure depended more on whether something worked and less on fundamental discoveries like uncovering stable carbenes. He decided to change gears, and in 1999 he took a faculty position at Alabama. He also has a joint research appointment at the Technical University of Braunschweig, in Germany.</p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>The transition to academia enabled Arduengo to continue discovery-driven applied research on carbenes, he says. Some of his latest work includes developing modified NHC ligands and using NHCs for alkyne metathesis reactions. But his penchant for tinkering with tools has led him in new directions.</p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>One of his targets is developing NHC-based dyes to capture light in solar cells. He’s reluctant to share details pending patent protection, but his group’s chromophores absorb light from the infrared into the ultraviolet and convert light energy into electrical energy without the semiconductor layer that most solar cells require.</p> </div> <div class="long-form-text-par-12 container responsivegrid"> <div id="container-84ceadaee4" class="cmp-container"> <div class="sponsoredContent"> <div class="article-sponsored-component full-width" id="long-article-nativo-1"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>Arduengo says his foray into stable carbenes has been overwhelmingly gratifying to him as a scientist and educator. “I have had the opportunity to meet and interact with some of the world’s luminary scientific figures and help many hardworking young scientists in my group,” he says. “As a trumpet player, I can tell you that one’s musical performance improves with the quality of the musicians with whom you associate and perform. This intellectual concert enhancement holds true among chemists.”</p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>He’s also thrilled that many chemists have picked up on and found success with NHCs. “It’s invigorating to know you’ve made a contribution that will leave a mark,” Arduengo says. “As a scientist, that is something we all hope for I think, to push the science forward and give others tools to work with so they can go even further.” <br clear="none"/> </p> </div> <div class="long-form-text-par-14 container responsivegrid"> <div id="container-b4ed0fbdf0" class="cmp-container"> <div class="genericAds"> <div class="article-small-ads pull-left"> <h6 class="small-ads-title text-center">Advertisement</h6> <div id="div-gpt-ad-6603120-8"> <div class="adunit" data-adunit="cen" data-dimensions="300x250" data-targeting='{"Topic":"synthesis,synthesis,,,,","Collection":"profiles","Keyword":"carbene, N-heterocyclic carbene, solar cell, organocatalyst, organometallic chemistry"}'></div> </div> </div> <script> $(".article-small-ads > h6").css("margin-bottom","0rem"); </script></div> <div class="copyright"> <div class="article-copyright"> <div class="copyright-desc"> <div>Chemical & Engineering News</div> <div>ISSN 0009-2347</div> <div>Copyright © 2024 American Chemical Society</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="relatedArticles"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="article-recommended"> <h3 class="recommended-title">You might also like...</h3> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x recommended-main"> <div class="large-3 medium-6 small-6 cell spaced-manage"> <div class="recommended-multiple-item"> <div class="recommended-sub"> <div class="recommended-menu-tag"> <a class="recommended-tag-title" href="/topics/people.html.html??sc=230901_cenymal_eng_slot_cen"> </a> </div> <div class="recommended-menu-tag"> <a class="recommended-text-desc" href="/articles/95/web/2017/10/Harry-Gray-shares-advice-new.html?sc=230901_cenymal_eng_slot1_cen"> Harry Gray shares his advice for new professors </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="large-3 medium-6 small-6 cell spaced-manage"> <div class="recommended-multiple-item"> <div class="recommended-wrap-img-eyebrow"> <div class="recommended-menu recommended-menu-img"> <a class="recommended-img" href="/articles/93/i5/Nobel-Laureate-Yves-Chauvin-Dies.html?sc=230901_cenymal_eng_slot2_cen"> <picture> <source media="(max-width: 992px)" srcset="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/09305-notw9-chauvincxd?$responsive$&wid=300&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2"/> <img class="recom-image" src="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/09305-notw9-chauvincxd?$responsive$&wid=200&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2" alt="Serving the chemical, life science, and laboratory worlds"/> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="recommended-menu"> <a class="recommended-text" href="/articles/93/i5/Nobel-Laureate-Yves-Chauvin-Dies.html?sc=230901_cenymal_eng_slot2_cen"> Nobel Laureate Yves Chauvin Dies At 84 </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="large-3 medium-6 small-6 cell spaced-manage"> <div class="recommended-multiple-item"> <div class="recommended-wrap-img-eyebrow"> <div class="recommended-menu recommended-menu-img"> <a class="recommended-img" href="/articles/93/i2/Elias-J-Corey-Award-Outstanding.html?sc=230901_cenymal_eng_slot3_cen"> <picture> <source media="(max-width: 992px)" srcset="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/09302-awards-yucxd?$responsive$&wid=300&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2"/> <img class="recom-image" src="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/09302-awards-yucxd?$responsive$&wid=200&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2" alt="Serving the chemical, life science, and laboratory worlds"/> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="recommended-menu"> <a class="recommended-text" href="/articles/93/i2/Elias-J-Corey-Award-Outstanding.html?sc=230901_cenymal_eng_slot3_cen"> Elias J. 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