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id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Hookeov_zakon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hookeov_zakon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Hookeov zakon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hookeov_zakon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dijagram_naprezanja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dijagram_naprezanja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dijagram naprezanja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dijagram_naprezanja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Deformacija</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 55 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vervorming" title="Vervorming – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vervorming" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF)" title="انفعال (علم المواد) – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انفعال (علم المواد)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformaci%C3%B3n" title="Deformación – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Deformación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformasiya" title="Deformasiya – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Deformasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Дэфармацыя – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэфармацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Дэфармацыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дэфармацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Деформация – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Деформация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="রূপবিকার (পদার্থবিজ্ঞান) – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রূপবিকার (পদার্থবিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformacija_(mehanika)" title="Deformacija (mehanika) – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Deformacija (mehanika)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformaci%C3%B3" title="Deformació – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Deformació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformace" title="Deformace – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Deformace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Деформаци – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Деформаци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verformung" title="Verformung – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verformung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%81%CF%86%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7_(%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE)" title="Παραμόρφωση (μηχανική) – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παραμόρφωση (μηχανική)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation_(physics)" title="Deformation (physics) – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Deformation (physics)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformi%C4%9Do" title="Deformiĝo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Deformiĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformaci%C3%B3n" title="Deformación – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Deformación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformazio" title="Deformazio – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Deformazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%BA%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%84_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9)" title="تغییر شکل (فیزیک) – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تغییر شکل (فیزیک)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venym%C3%A4" title="Venymä – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venymä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9formation_d%27un_mat%C3%A9riau" title="Déformation d'un matériau – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Déformation d'un matériau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformaci%C3%B3n" title="Deformación – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Deformación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מעוות – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעוות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A3_(%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80)" title="विरूपण (यांत्रिकी) – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विरूपण (यांत्रिकी)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Դեֆորմացիա – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դեֆորմացիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformasi_(fisika)" title="Deformasi (fisika) – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Deformasi (fisika)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformazione" title="Deformazione – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Deformazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%89%E5%BD%A2" title="変形 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="変形" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="დეფორმაცია – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დეფორმაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Деформация – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Деформация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಕೃತಿ – karnatački" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಕೃತಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="karnatački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EA%B7%B8%EB%9F%AC%EC%A7%90_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="일그러짐 (물리학) – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일그러짐 (물리학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Деформация (физикада) – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Деформация (физикада)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformatio" title="Deformatio – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Deformatio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%ABno_deformacija" title="Kūno deformacija – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kūno deformacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deform%C4%81cija" title="Deformācija – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Deformācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Деформац – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Деформац" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformatie_(natuurkunde)" title="Deformatie (natuurkunde) – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Deformatie (natuurkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformasjon" title="Deformasjon – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Deformasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformasjon" title="Deformasjon – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Deformasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odkszta%C5%82cenie" title="Odkształcenie – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Odkształcenie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforma%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Deformação – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Deformação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformare" title="Deformare – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Deformare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Деформация – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Деформация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformacija_(mehanika)" title="Deformacija (mehanika) – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Deformacija (mehanika)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation" title="Deformation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Deformation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deform%C3%A1cia_(mechanika)" title="Deformácia (mechanika) – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Deformácia (mechanika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformimi_(fizik%C3%AB)" title="Deformimi (fizikë) – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Deformimi (fizikë)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Деформација – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Деформација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation" title="Deformation – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Deformation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_(%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="ความเครียด (กลศาสตร์) – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความเครียด (กลศาสตร์)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eekil_de%C4%9Fi%C5%9Ftirme" title="Şekil değiştirme – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şekil değiştirme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Деформація – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Деформація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformatsiya" title="Deformatsiya – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Deformatsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformasion" title="Deformasion – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Deformasion" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q193514#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Deformacija" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:Deformacija&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovorna stranica (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">hrvatski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Deformacija"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformacija&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformacija&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformacija&action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pomagala" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pomagala</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Deformacija"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformacija&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformacija&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformacija&action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Deformacija" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Deformacija" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Popis svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformacija&oldid=6909158" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformacija&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Deformacija&id=6909158&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDeformacija"><span>Skraćeni URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDeformacija"><span>Preuzmi QR kôd</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ispis/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Zbirka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Deformacija"><span>Stvori knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Deformacija&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformacija&printable=yes" title="Inačica za ispis ove stranice [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inačica za ispis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikimedijini projekti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Deformation" hreflang="en"><span>Zajednički poslužitelj</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q193514" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Deformation_due_to_compression.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Deformation_due_to_compression.svg/200px-Deformation_due_to_compression.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Deformation_due_to_compression.svg/300px-Deformation_due_to_compression.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Deformation_due_to_compression.svg/400px-Deformation_due_to_compression.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption> Tlačne <a href="/wiki/Sile" title="Sile">sile</a> stvaraju deformaciju na tijelo koje ga skraćuju, ali istovremeno ga i šire.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Metal_yield.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Metal_yield.svg/300px-Metal_yield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Metal_yield.svg/450px-Metal_yield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Metal_yield.svg/600px-Metal_yield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="248" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dijagram_naprezanja" title="Dijagram naprezanja">Dijagram naprezanja</a> (<i>σ</i> - vlačnog naprezanja i <i>ε</i> - linijske vlačne deformacije) za tipični neželjezni materijal:<br /> 1: Stvarna granica elastičnosti<br /> 2: Granica proporcionalnosti<br /> 3: Granica elastičnosti<br /> 4: <a href="/wiki/Granica_razvla%C4%8Denja" title="Granica razvlačenja">Granica razvlačenja</a> ili σ<sub>0,2</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Naprezanje" title="Naprezanje">naprezanje</a> pri kojem nastaje trajno produljenje od 0,2% prvobitne dužine šipke ili štapa)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Deformacija</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">lat</a>. <i>deformatio</i>: izobličenje, nagrđivanje), u <a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">fizici</a>, je promjena oblika tijela (rastezanje, svijanje, sukanje i drugo) pod utjecajem vanjskih ili unutarnjih <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">sila</a>. Može biti <a href="/wiki/Elasti%C4%8Dnost" title="Elastičnost">elastična</a>, kada se nakon prestanka djelovanja sile tijelo vraća u prvobitni oblik, i neelastična, kada deformirani oblik ostaje i nakon prestanka djelovanja sile (<a href="/wiki/Plasti%C4%8Dnost" title="Plastičnost">plastičnost</a>). </p><p><b>Duljinska elastična deformacija</b> (znak <i>ε</i>) <a href="/wiki/Mjerna_veli%C4%8Dina" title="Mjerna veličina">fizikalna je veličina</a> koja opisuje relativnu promjena duljine izduljenoga elastičnog tijela: <i>ε = ΔL/L<sub>0</sub></i>, gdje je <i>ΔL</i> promjena duljine nakon djelovanja sile, a <i>L<sub>0</sub></i> početna <a href="/wiki/Duljina" title="Duljina">duljina</a>. Može se opisati <a href="/wiki/Hookeov_zakon" title="Hookeov zakon">Hookeovim zakonom</a>. Mjerna je jedinica duljinske elastične deformacije broj jedan. </p><p><b>Volumna elastična deformacija</b> (znak <i>θ</i>) fizikalna je veličina koja opisuje relativnu promjena <a href="/wiki/Volumen" class="mw-redirect" title="Volumen">volumena</a> elastičnog tijela: <i>θ = ΔV/V<sub>0</sub></i>, gdje je <i>ΔV</i> promjena volumena nakon djelovanja sile, a <i>V<sub>0</sub></i> početni volumen. Mjerna je jedinica volumne elastične deformacije broj jedan.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hookeov_zakon">Hookeov zakon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformacija&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Hookeov zakon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformacija&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Hookeov zakon"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Hookeov_zakon" title="Hookeov zakon">Hookeov zakon</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Hookeov zakon</b> je zakonitost koja opisuje ovisnost promjene oblika čvrstoga tijela u obliku štapa o djelovanju vanjske sile, što ju je utvrdio <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a>. Opterećenjem izazvano naprezanje <i>σ</i> razmjerno je deformaciji <i>ε</i>, odnosno: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma =E\cdot \varepsilon }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>ε</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma =E\cdot \varepsilon }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d703f44b1381590e63929e5042074df101cc6e3a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:8.966ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma =E\cdot \varepsilon }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Faktor razmjernosti <i>E</i> je <a href="/wiki/Youngov_modul_elasti%C4%8Dnosti" title="Youngov modul elastičnosti">modul elastičnosti</a> i karakterističan je za pojedini materijal. Do određene granice naprezanja Hookeov zakon može se primijeniti na većinu <a href="/wiki/Konstrukcijski_%C4%8Delik" title="Konstrukcijski čelik">konstrukcijskih materijala</a>. Za složenija opterećenja tijela različitih oblika rabi se Hookeov zakon u poopćenom obliku, koji se izražava s više skalarnih linearnih jednadžba.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dijagram_naprezanja">Dijagram naprezanja</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformacija&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Dijagram naprezanja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformacija&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Dijagram naprezanja"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Dijagram_naprezanja" title="Dijagram naprezanja">Dijagram naprezanja</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Dijagram naprezanja</b> prikazuje međusobnu ovisnost <i>σ</i> - <a href="/wiki/Vla%C4%8Dna_%C4%8Dvrsto%C4%87a" title="Vlačna čvrstoća">vlačnog naprezanja</a> i <i>ε</i> - relativnog produljenja ili linijske vlačne deformacije. U <a href="/wiki/Materijal" title="Materijal">materijalu</a> koji je opterećen nekom <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">silom</a> <i>F</i> nastaju naprezanja <i>σ</i> koja uzrokuju njegovo rastezanje. Naprezanje <i>σ</i> je omjer sile <i>F</i> i <a href="/wiki/Povr%C5%A1ina" title="Površina">ploštine</a> <i>A</i> presjeka štapa ili šipke (okomitog na smjer sile).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma ={\frac {F}{A}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>F</mi> <mi>A</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma ={\frac {F}{A}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/31def95c6a21e9623f365a856d09d467dfba3983" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:7.007ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma ={\frac {F}{A}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Zbog djelovanja sile <i>F</i> (a time nastalog naprezanja <i>σ</i>) štap ili šipka će se od početne duljine <i>L<sub>0</sub></i> rastegnuti na duljinu <i>L</i>. Tako je produljenje štapa ili šipke: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varepsilon ={\frac {\Delta L}{L_{0}}}={\frac {L-L_{0}}{L_{0}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ε</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varepsilon ={\frac {\Delta L}{L_{0}}}={\frac {L-L_{0}}{L_{0}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6a806540a8975b4b920548d9b117fa9e91cf9bab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:19.532ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varepsilon ={\frac {\Delta L}{L_{0}}}={\frac {L-L_{0}}{L_{0}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p><b>Relativno produljenje</b> <i>ε</i> (duljinska ili uzdužna deformacija) štapa ili šipke je produljenje s obzirom na početnu duljinu L<sub>o</sub>. Početno je naprezanje linearno (deformacija je izravno razmjerna naprezanju). U području linearnog rastezanja (<a href="/wiki/Hookeov_zakon" title="Hookeov zakon">Hookeov zakon</a>) materijal je elastičan i nakon prestanka djelovanja sile, odnosno naprezanja, on se vraća u početno stanje. <a href="/wiki/Youngov_modul_elasti%C4%8Dnosti" title="Youngov modul elastičnosti">Youngov modul elastičnosti</a> je omjer naprezanja i relativnog produljenja (u području elastičnosti).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tehnička granica <a href="/wiki/Elasti%C4%8Dnost" title="Elastičnost">elastičnosti</a> je naprezanje pri kojem osjetljiva mjerila osjete prvo primjetno trajno produljenje materijala (pri još nepromijenjenom presjeku A<sub>o</sub>). Nakon te granice (obično na kraju linearnog rastezanja) materijal se rasteže plastično i nakon prestanka djelovanja sile ne vraća se više na početnu duljinu <i>L<sub>0</sub></i>, već ostaje određeno trajno produljenje, uz suženje presjeka, <i>A < A<sub>0</sub>)</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformacija&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformacija&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=42938">deformacija</a>. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hrvatska+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=deformacija&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciklopedija.hr%2FNatuknica.aspx%3FID%3D42938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ADeformacija" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=42938">Hookeov zakon</a>. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hrvatska+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Hookeov+zakon&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciklopedija.hr%2FNatuknica.aspx%3FID%3D42938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ADeformacija" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.fesb.hr/~djelaska/documents/ES-skripta-760.pdf">[1]</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120131031429/http://www.fesb.hr/~djelaska/documents/ES-skripta-760.pdf">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 31. siječnja 2012. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) "Elementi strojeva", Fakultet elektrotehnike, strojarstva i brodogradnje Split, Prof. dr. sc. Damir Jelaska, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.riteh.uniri.hr/zav_katd_sluz/zvd_kons_stroj/katedre/konstruiranje/kolegiji/ke1/ke1_materijali_vj/1.UvodOsnove.pdf">[2]</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170228170156/http://www.riteh.uniri.hr/zav_katd_sluz/zvd_kons_stroj/katedre/konstruiranje/kolegiji/ke1/ke1_materijali_vj/1.UvodOsnove.pdf">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 28. veljače 2017. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) "Konstrukcijski elementi I", Tehnički fakultet Rijeka, Božidar Križan i Saša Zelenika, 2011.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="padding:3px"><div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:2em; font-family:serif; font-size:180%; padding-right:3px; letter-spacing:-0.1em; background:#f0e0b0">HE</div><div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; font-size:82%; padding-left:3px">Dio sadržaja ove stranice preuzet je iz mrežnog izdanja <a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija_(LZMK)" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija (LZMK)">Hrvatske enciklopedije</a> i nije slobodan za daljnju upotrebu pod uvjetima Wikipedijine licencije o sadržaju. 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