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id="toc-Transient" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transient"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Transient</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transient-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chronic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chronic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Chronic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chronic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acroparesthesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acroparesthesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Acroparesthesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acroparesthesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dentistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dentistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Dentistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dentistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drugs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drugs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Drugs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drugs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagnostics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnostics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Diagnostics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diagnostics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Treatment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Paresthesia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3" title="تشوش الحس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشوش الحس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%B9%D5%B4%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6_%D4%B5%D6%82_%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%B2%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Տեղային Թմրութիւն Եւ Ասղնտոց – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Տեղային Թմրութիւն Եւ Ասղնտոց" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paresteziya" title="Paresteziya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Paresteziya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parest%C3%A8sia" title="Parestèsia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Parestèsia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parestezie" title="Parestezie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Parestezie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%A6stesi" title="Paræstesi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Paræstesi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%A4sthesie" title="Parästhesie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Parästhesie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parestesia" title="Parestesia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Parestesia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parestesia" title="Parestesia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Parestesia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="پارستزی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پارستزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paresth%C3%A9sie" title="Paresthésie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Paresthésie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%80%EB%A6%BC" title="저림 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="저림" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="झुनझुनी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="झुनझुनी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parestesia" title="Parestesia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Parestesia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parestesia" title="Parestesia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parestesia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9C" title="נמלול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נמלול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A2%DB%92" title="وآے – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="وآے" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Парестезия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Парестезия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paresthesie" title="Paresthesie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paresthesie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E5%B8%B8%E6%84%9F%E8%A6%9A" title="異常感覚 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="異常感覚" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%82%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%A8" title="ଅପସଂବେଦନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଅପସଂବେଦନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parestezja" title="Parestezja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Parestezja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parestesia" title="Parestesia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Parestesia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Парестезия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парестезия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paresthesia" title="Paresthesia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Paresthesia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86" title="تەزین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەزین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parestesia" title="Parestesia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Parestesia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domning" title="Domning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Domning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wejja%E1%B9%9B" title="Wejjaṛ – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Wejjaṛ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parestezi" title="Parestezi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Parestezi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Парестезія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Парестезія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E8%A6%BA%E7%95%B0%E5%B8%B8" title="感覺異常 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="感覺異常" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q769220#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> 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style="background:#ccc">Paresthesia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Paraesthesia, Pins and needles</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ær/: 'arr' in 'marry'">ær</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/θ/: 'th' in 'thigh'">θ</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ʒ/: 's' in 'pleasure'">ʒ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">Neurology</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Paresthesia</b> is a sensation of the skin that may feel like numbness (technically called <i><a href="/wiki/Hypoesthesia" title="Hypoesthesia">hypoesthesia</a></i>), tingling, pricking, chilling, or burning.<sup id="cite_ref-Paresthesia_NINDS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paresthesia_NINDS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can be temporary or <a href="/wiki/Chronic_condition" title="Chronic condition">chronic</a> and has many possible underlying causes.<sup id="cite_ref-Paresthesia_NINDS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paresthesia_NINDS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paresthesia is usually painless and can occur anywhere on the body, but most commonly in the arms and legs.<sup id="cite_ref-Paresthesia_NINDS_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paresthesia_NINDS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most familiar kind of paresthesia is the sensation known as <i>pins and needles</i> after having a limb "fall asleep"(technically called <i><a href="/wiki/Obdormition" title="Obdormition">obdormition</a></i>. A less common kind is <a href="/wiki/Formication" title="Formication">formication</a>, the sensation of insects crawling on the skin. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paresthesia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Causes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transient">Transient</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paresthesia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Transient"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinsandneedles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Pinsandneedles.jpg/220px-Pinsandneedles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Pinsandneedles.jpg/330px-Pinsandneedles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Pinsandneedles.jpg/440px-Pinsandneedles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="843" /></a><figcaption>The eponymous objects</figcaption></figure> <p>Paresthesias of the hands, feet, legs, and arms are common transient symptoms. The briefest electric shock type of paresthesia can be caused by tweaking the <a href="/wiki/Ulnar_nerve" title="Ulnar nerve">ulnar nerve</a> near the elbow; this phenomenon is colloquially known as bumping one's "funny bone". Similar brief shocks can be experienced when any other nerve is tweaked (e.g. a pinched neck nerve may cause a brief shock-like paresthesia toward the scalp). In the older age group, spinal column irregularities may tweak the spinal cord briefly when the head or back is turned, flexed, or extended into brief uncommon positions (<a href="/wiki/Lhermitte%27s_sign" title="Lhermitte's sign">Lhermitte's sign</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The most common everyday cause is temporary restriction of nerve impulses to an area of nerves, commonly caused by leaning or resting on parts of the body such as the legs (often followed by a pins and needles tingling sensation). Other causes include conditions such as <a href="/wiki/Hyperventilation_syndrome" title="Hyperventilation syndrome">hyperventilation syndrome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panic_attack" title="Panic attack">panic attacks</a>. A cold sore outside the mouth (not a canker sore inside the mouth) can be preceded by tingling due to activity of the causative <a href="/wiki/Herpes_simplex_virus" title="Herpes simplex virus">herpes simplex virus</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Varicella_zoster_virus" title="Varicella zoster virus">varicella zoster virus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shingles" title="Shingles">shingles</a>) also notably may cause recurring pain and tingling in skin or tissue along the distribution path of that nerve (most commonly in the skin, along a <a href="/wiki/Dermatome_(anatomy)" title="Dermatome (anatomy)">dermatome</a> pattern, but sometimes feeling like a headache, chest or abdominal pain, or pelvic pain).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Other common examples occur when sustained pressure has been applied over a <a href="/wiki/Nerve" title="Nerve">nerve</a>, inhibiting or stimulating its function. Removing the pressure typically results in gradual relief of these paresthesias.<sup id="cite_ref-Paresthesia_NINDS_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paresthesia_NINDS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most pressure-induced paraesthesia results from awkward posture, such as engaging in <a href="/wiki/Cross-legged_sitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-legged sitting">cross-legged sitting</a> for prolonged periods of time.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Reactive_hyperaemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactive hyperaemia">Reactive hyperaemia</a>, which occurs when blood flow is restored after a period of <a href="/wiki/Ischemia" title="Ischemia">ischemia</a>, may be accompanied by paresthesia, e.g. when patients with <a href="/wiki/Raynaud%27s_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Raynaud's disease">Raynaud's disease</a> rewarm after a cold episode.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cases of paresthesia have also been reported at varying frequencies following <a href="/wiki/Anthrax_vaccines" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthrax vaccines">anthrax</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Influenza_vaccine" title="Influenza vaccine">flu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/HPV_vaccine" title="HPV vaccine">HPV</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">vaccine</a> intake. <a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepine</a> withdrawal may also cause paresthesia, as the drug removal leaves the <a href="/wiki/GABA_receptors" class="mw-redirect" title="GABA receptors">GABA receptors</a> stripped bare and possibly malformed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chronic">Chronic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paresthesia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chronic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chronic paresthesia (Berger's paresthesia,<sup id="cite_ref-ICD-10_1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICD-10_1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sinagesia,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Bernhardt paresthesia)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indicates either a problem with the functioning of <a href="/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron">neurons</a>, or poor <a href="/wiki/Circulation_(physiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Circulation (physiology)">circulation</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the elderly, paresthesia is often the result of poor circulation in the limbs (such as in <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_vascular_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Peripheral vascular disease">peripheral vascular disease</a>), most often caused by <a href="/wiki/Atherosclerosis" title="Atherosclerosis">atherosclerosis</a>, the build-up of plaque within artery walls over decades, with eventual <a href="/wiki/Vulnerable_plaque" title="Vulnerable plaque">plaque ruptures</a>, internal clots over the ruptures, and subsequent clot healing, but leaving behind <a href="/wiki/Stenosis" title="Stenosis">narrowing</a> or closure of the artery openings, locally and/or in downstream smaller branches. Without a proper supply of blood and nutrients, nerve cells can no longer adequately send signals to the brain. Because of this, paresthesia can also be a symptom of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_deficiency" title="Vitamin deficiency">vitamin deficiency</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Malnutrition" title="Malnutrition">malnutrition</a>, as well as metabolic disorders like <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus">diabetes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism" title="Hypothyroidism">hypothyroidism</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hypoparathyroidism" title="Hypoparathyroidism">hypoparathyroidism</a>. It can also be a symptom of <a href="/wiki/Mercury_poisoning" title="Mercury poisoning">mercury poisoning</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Irritation to the nerve can also come from inflammation to the tissue. Joint conditions such as <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psoriatic_arthritis" title="Psoriatic arthritis">psoriatic arthritis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carpal_tunnel_syndrome" title="Carpal tunnel syndrome">carpal tunnel syndrome</a> are common sources of paresthesia. Nerves below the head may be compressed where chronic neck and spine problems exist, and can be caused by, among other things, muscle cramps that may be a result of clinical anxiety or excessive mental stress,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Bone_disease" title="Bone disease">bone disease</a>, poor posture, unsafe heavy lifting practices, or physical trauma such as <a href="/wiki/Whiplash_(medicine)" title="Whiplash (medicine)">whiplash</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Another cause of paresthesia may be direct damage to the nerves themselves, i.e., <a href="/wiki/Neuropathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuropathy">neuropathy</a>, which itself can stem from <a href="/wiki/Nerve_injury" title="Nerve injury">injury</a>, such as from <a href="/wiki/Frostbite" title="Frostbite">frostbite</a>; infections such as <a href="/wiki/Lyme_disease" title="Lyme disease">Lyme disease</a>; or may be indicative of a current neurological disorder. Neuropathy is also a side effect of some chemotherapies, such as in the case of <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy-induced_peripheral_neuropathy" title="Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy">chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chronic paresthesia can sometimes be symptomatic of serious conditions, such as a <a href="/wiki/Transient_ischemic_attack" title="Transient ischemic attack">transient ischemic attack</a>; or <a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_disease" title="Autoimmune disease">autoimmune diseases</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis" title="Multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Complex_Regional_Pain_Syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex Regional Pain Syndrome">complex regional pain syndrome</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Lupus_erythematosus" title="Lupus erythematosus">lupus erythematosus</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The use of <a href="/wiki/Fluoroquinolones" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluoroquinolones">fluoroquinolones</a> can also cause paresthesia.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">Stroke</a> survivors and those with <a href="/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injury" title="Traumatic brain injury">traumatic brain injury</a> (TBI) may experience paresthesia from damage to the central nervous system.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acroparesthesia">Acroparesthesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paresthesia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Acroparesthesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Acroparesthesia is severe pain in the extremities, and may be caused by <a href="/wiki/Fabry_disease" title="Fabry disease">Fabry disease</a>, a type of <a href="/wiki/Sphingolipidoses" title="Sphingolipidoses">sphingolipidosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-brschemi_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brschemi-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It can also be a sign of <a href="/wiki/Hypocalcemia" title="Hypocalcemia">hypocalcemia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dentistry">Dentistry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paresthesia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dentistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dental paresthesia is loss of sensation caused by maxillary or mandibular anesthetic administration before dental treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Potential causes include trauma introduced to the nerve sheath during administration of the injection, hemorrhage about the sheath, more side-effect-prone types of anesthetic being used, or administration of anesthetic contaminated with alcohol or sterilizing solutions.<sup id="cite_ref-dentalparaesthesia_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dentalparaesthesia-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paresthesia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other causes may include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_sensory_meridian_response" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous sensory meridian response">Autonomous sensory meridian response</a> ("ASMR")<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpal_tunnel_syndrome" title="Carpal tunnel syndrome">Carpal tunnel syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerebral_amyloid_angiopathy" title="Cerebral amyloid angiopathy">Cerebral amyloid angiopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiari_malformation" title="Chiari malformation">Chiari malformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coeliac_disease" title="Coeliac disease">Coeliac disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_regional_pain_syndrome" title="Complex regional pain syndrome">Complex regional pain syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubital_tunnel_syndrome" title="Cubital tunnel syndrome">Cubital tunnel syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_sickness" title="Decompression sickness">Decompression sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydration" title="Dehydration">Dehydration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythromelalgia" title="Erythromelalgia">Erythromelalgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabry_disease" title="Fabry disease">Fabry disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibromyalgia" title="Fibromyalgia">Fibromyalgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoroquinolone_toxicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluoroquinolone toxicity">Fluoroquinolone toxicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillain%E2%80%93Barr%C3%A9_syndrome" title="Guillain–Barré syndrome">Guillain–Barré syndrome</a> (GBS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy metal (chemistry)">Heavy metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herpes_zoster" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpes zoster">Herpes zoster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxy_alpha_sanshool" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroxy alpha sanshool">Hydroxy alpha sanshool</a>, a component of <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan peppers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperglycemia" title="Hyperglycemia">Hyperglycemia</a> (high <a href="/wiki/Blood_sugar" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood sugar">blood sugar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperkalemia" title="Hyperkalemia">Hyperkalemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperventilation" title="Hyperventilation">Hyperventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocalcemia" title="Hypocalcemia">Hypocalcemia</a>, and in turn: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypermagnesemia" title="Hypermagnesemia">Hypermagnesemia</a>, a condition in which hypocalcemia itself is typically observed as a secondary symptom</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoglycemia" title="Hypoglycemia">Hypoglycemia</a> (low <a href="/wiki/Blood_sugar" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood sugar">blood sugar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism" title="Hypothyroidism">Hypothyroidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immunodeficiency" title="Immunodeficiency">Immunodeficiency</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Chronic_inflammatory_demyelinating_polyneuropathy" title="Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy">chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy</a> (CIDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupus_erythematosus" title="Lupus erythematosus">Lupus erythematosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyme_disease" title="Lyme disease">Lyme disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_deficiency" title="Magnesium deficiency">Magnesium deficiency</a>, often as a result of long-term <a href="/wiki/Proton-pump_inhibitor" title="Proton-pump inhibitor">proton-pump inhibitor</a> use</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause">Menopause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_poisoning" title="Mercury poisoning">Mercury poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migraine" title="Migraine">Migraines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis" title="Multiple sclerosis">Multiple sclerosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_compression_syndrome" title="Nerve compression syndrome">Nerve compression syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obdormition" title="Obdormition">Obdormition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_toxicity" title="Oxygen toxicity">Oxygen toxicity</a>, especially breathing oxygen under pressure, such as in scuba diving</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrethrum" title="Pyrethrum">Pyrethrum</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pyrethroid" title="Pyrethroid">pyrethroid</a> <a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">pesticides</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-polio_syndrome" title="Post-polio syndrome">Post-polio syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabies" title="Rabies">Rabies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiation poisoning">Radiation poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcoidosis" title="Sarcoidosis">Sarcoidosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciatica" title="Sciatica">Sciatica</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_stings" class="mw-redirect" title="Scorpion stings">Scorpion stings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_disc_herniation" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinal disc herniation">Spinal disc herniation</a> or injury</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_stenosis" title="Spinal stenosis">Spinal stenosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinging_nettle" class="mw-redirect" title="Stinging nettle">Stinging nettles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syringomyelia" title="Syringomyelia">Syringomyelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_myelitis" title="Transverse myelitis">Transverse myelitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variant_Creutzfeldt%E2%80%93Jakob_disease" title="Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease">Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease</a> (AKA "mad cow disease")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Vitamin B<sub>5</sub></a> deficiency</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megavitamin-B6_syndrome" title="Megavitamin-B6 syndrome">Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> excess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12_deficiency" title="Vitamin B12 deficiency">Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drugs">Drugs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paresthesia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Drugs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anticonvulsant" title="Anticonvulsant">Anticonvulsant</a> <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical drug">pharmaceutical drugs</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Topiramate" title="Topiramate">topiramate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sultiame" title="Sultiame">sultiame</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Acetazolamide" title="Acetazolamide">acetazolamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antidepressant_discontinuation_syndrome" title="Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome">Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine_withdrawal_syndrome" title="Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome">Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_alanine" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta alanine">Beta alanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextromethorphan" title="Dextromethorphan">Dextromethorphan</a> (recreational use)</li> <li>Intravenous administering of strong <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical drug">pharmaceutical drugs</a> acting on the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> (CNS), mainly <a href="/wiki/Opiate" title="Opiate">opiates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">opioids</a>, or other <a href="/wiki/Narcotic" title="Narcotic">narcotics</a>, especially in non-medical use (<a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">drug abuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketorolac" title="Ketorolac">Ketorolac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidocaine" title="Lidocaine">Lidocaine</a> poisoning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomotil" class="mw-redirect" title="Lomotil">Lomotil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">Nitrous oxide</a>, long-term exposure<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritonavir" title="Ritonavir">Ritonavir</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnostics">Diagnostics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paresthesia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Diagnostics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A nerve conduction study usually provides useful information for making a diagnosis. An <a href="/wiki/MRI" class="mw-redirect" title="MRI">MRI</a> or a <a href="/wiki/CT_scan" title="CT scan">CT scan</a> is sometimes used to rule out certain causes stemming from central nervous system issues.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment">Treatment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paresthesia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Medications offered can include the <a href="/wiki/Immunosuppressant" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunosuppressant">immunosuppressant</a> <a href="/wiki/Prednisone" title="Prednisone">prednisone</a>, intravenous <a href="/wiki/Gamma_globulin" title="Gamma globulin">gamma globulin</a> (IVIG), <a href="/wiki/Anticonvulsant" title="Anticonvulsant">anticonvulsants</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Gabapentin" title="Gabapentin">gabapentin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tiagabine" title="Tiagabine">tiagabine</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Antiviral_drug" title="Antiviral drug">antiviral</a> medication, depending on the underlying cause.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (April 2015)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In addition to treatment of the underlying disorder, palliative care can include the use of topical numbing creams, such as <a href="/wiki/Lidocaine" title="Lidocaine">lidocaine</a> or <a href="/wiki/Prilocaine" title="Prilocaine">prilocaine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">Ketamine</a> has also been successfully used, but is generally not approved by insurance. Careful consideration must be taken to apply only the necessary amount, as excess can contribute to these conditions. Otherwise, these products generally offer extremely effective, but short-lasting relief from these conditions. </p><p>Paresthesia caused by stroke may receive some temporary benefit from high doses of <a href="/wiki/Baclofen" title="Baclofen">baclofen</a> multiple times a day.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> patients who self-medicate with cannabis report that it reduces their symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paresthesia caused by <a href="/wiki/Shingles" title="Shingles">shingles</a> is treated with appropriate <a href="/wiki/Antiviral_medication" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiviral medication">antiviral medication</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paresthesia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>paresthesia</i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ær/: 'arr' in 'marry'">ær</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/θ/: 'th' in 'thigh'">θ</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ʒ/: 's' in 'pleasure'">ʒ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; British English <i>paraesthesia</i>; plural paraesthesiae <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> or paraesthesias) comes from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <i>para</i> ("beside", <i>i.e.</i>, abnormal) and <i>aisthesia</i> ("sensation").<sup id="cite_ref-origin_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-origin-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paresthesia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Paresthesia_NINDS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paresthesia_NINDS_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paresthesia_NINDS_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paresthesia_NINDS_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paresthesia_NINDS_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Paresthesia-Information-Page">"Paresthesia Information Page"</a>. <i>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</i>. 2019-03-27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111220329/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Paresthesia-Information-Page">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2015</span>. <q>Paresthesia refers to a burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet, but can also occur in other parts of the body. The sensation, which happens without warning, is usually painless and described as tingling or numbness, skin crawling, or itching.<br />Most people have experienced temporary paresthesia -- a feeling of "pins and needles" -- at some time in their lives when they have sat with legs crossed for too long, or fallen asleep with an arm crooked under their head. It happens when sustained pressure is placed on a nerve. The feeling quickly goes away once the pressure is relieved.<br />Chronic paresthesia is often a symptom of an underlying neurological disease or traumatic nerve damage. Paresthesia can be caused by disorders affecting the central nervous system, such as stroke and transient ischemic attacks (mini-strokes), multiple sclerosis, transverse myelitis, and encephalitis. A tumor or vascular lesion pressed up against the brain or spinal cord can also cause paresthesia. Nerve entrapment syndromes, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, can damage peripheral nerves and cause paresthesia accompanied by pain. Diagnostic evaluation is based on determining the underlying condition causing the paresthetic sensations. An individual's medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests are essential for the diagnosis. Physicians may order additional tests depending on the suspected cause of the paresthesia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paresthesia+Definition+and+Origin&rft.pub=dictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fparesthesia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParesthesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paresthesia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFG._CicarelliG._Della_RoccaM._AmboniC._Ciacci2003" class="citation journal cs1">G. Cicarelli; G. Della Rocca; M. Amboni; C. Ciacci; G. Mazzacca; A. Filla; P. Barone (December 2003). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10072-003-0181-4">"Clinical and neurological abnormalities in adult celiac disease"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Neurological_Sciences_(journal)" title="Neurological Sciences (journal)">Neurol Sci</a></i>. <b>24</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">311–</span>317. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10072-003-0181-4">10.1007/s10072-003-0181-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14716525">14716525</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurol+Sci&rft.atitle=Clinical+and+neurological+abnormalities+in+adult+celiac+disease&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E311-%3C%2Fspan%3E317&rft.date=2003-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10072-003-0181-4&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14716525&rft.au=G.+Cicarelli&rft.au=G.+Della+Rocca&rft.au=M.+Amboni&rft.au=C.+Ciacci&rft.au=G.+Mazzacca&rft.au=A.+Filla&rft.au=P.+Barone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10072-003-0181-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParesthesia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paresthesia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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id="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_skin_and_subcutaneous_tissue212" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms" title="Signs and symptoms">Signs and symptoms</a> relating to <a href="/wiki/Human_skin" title="Human skin">skin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subcutaneous_tissue" title="Subcutaneous tissue">subcutaneous tissue</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Somatosensory_disorder" title="Somatosensory disorder">Disturbances of<br />skin sensation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypoesthesia" title="Hypoesthesia">Hypoesthesia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Paresthesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formication" title="Formication">Formication</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperesthesia" title="Hyperesthesia">Hyperesthesia</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypoalgesia" title="Hypoalgesia">Hypoalgesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperalgesia" title="Hyperalgesia">Hyperalgesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Circulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyanosis" title="Cyanosis">Cyanosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallor" title="Pallor">Pallor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livedo" title="Livedo">Livedo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livedo_reticularis" title="Livedo reticularis">Livedo reticularis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushing_(physiology)" title="Flushing (physiology)">Flushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petechia" title="Petechia">Petechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanch_(medical)" title="Blanch (medical)">Blanching</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edema" title="Edema">Edema</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_edema" title="Peripheral edema">Peripheral edema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anasarca" title="Anasarca">Anasarca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rash" title="Rash">Rash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desquamation" title="Desquamation">Desquamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutaneous_condition" class="mw-redirect" title="Cutaneous condition">Induration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaphoresis" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaphoresis">Diaphoresis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swelling_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swelling (medical)">Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neck_mass" title="Neck mass">Neck mass</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_skin" title="Human skin">Skin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asboe-Hansen_sign" title="Asboe-Hansen sign">Asboe-Hansen sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auspitz%27s_sign" title="Auspitz's sign">Auspitz's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borsari%27s_sign" title="Borsari's sign">Borsari's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braverman%27s_sign" title="Braverman's sign">Braverman's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowe_sign" title="Crowe sign">Crowe sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennie%E2%80%93Morgan_fold" title="Dennie–Morgan fold">Dennie–Morgan fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darier%27s_sign" title="Darier's sign">Darier's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimple_sign" title="Dimple sign">Fitzpatrick's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florid_cutaneous_papillomatosis" title="Florid cutaneous papillomatosis">Florid cutaneous papillomatosis</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gottron%27s_sign" title="Gottron's sign">Gottron's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson%27s_sign" title="Hutchinson's sign">Hutchinson's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janeway_lesion" title="Janeway lesion">Janeway lesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerr%27s_sign" title="Kerr's sign">Kerr's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koebner_phenomenon" title="Koebner phenomenon">Koebner's phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koplik%27s_spots" title="Koplik's spots">Koplik's spots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leser%E2%80%93Tr%C3%A9lat_sign" title="Leser–Trélat sign">Leser-Trelat sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolsky%27s_sign" title="Nikolsky's sign">Nikolsky's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastia%27s_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastia's sign">Pastia's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell%27s_sign" title="Russell's sign">Russell's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickham_striae" title="Wickham striae">Wickham striae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf%27s_isotopic_response" title="Wolf's isotopic response">Wolf's isotopic response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munro%27s_microabscess" title="Munro's microabscess">Munro's microabscess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">Nails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mees%27_lines" title="Mees' lines">Aldrich-Mees' lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau%27s_lines" title="Beau's lines">Beau's lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muehrcke%27s_nails" title="Muehrcke's nails">Muehrcke's lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry%27s_nails" title="Terry's nails">Terry's nails</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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