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ESS Linac Under Vacuum | ESS
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</div> <main class="site-content" role="main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div id="block-content"> <div class="article"> <div class="article__main"> <div class="row"> <header class="article__main-header col-12 col-md-8 col-xl-9"> <h1 class="article__title">ESS Linac Under Vacuum</h1> <div class="article__created-date"> <time datetime="2024-10-29T07:51:54+01:00" class="date date--primary"><time datetime="2024-10-29T07:51:54+01:00" title="Tuesday, October 29, 2024 - 07:51">October 29, 2024</time> </time> </div> </header> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="article__main-content col-12 col-md-8 col-xl-9"> <div class="article__image"> <div class="media media-image media-image--article-lead"> <div class="media__content"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/article_image/public/images/media/2024-10/Vacuum%20team%20A2T.jpeg?itok=cw3k2-1N 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1473" height="1140"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/article_image/public/images/media/2024-10/Vacuum%20team%20A2T.jpeg?itok=cw3k2-1N" width="1473" height="1140" alt="ESS vacuum team" /> </picture> </div> <footer class="media__footer"> <div class="caption"> ESS vacuum team in the Accelerator to Target section of the Linac. <span class="credit">Image: Ulrika Hammarlund/ESS </span> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="article__sections"> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--one-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <h3>The installation and testing of all vacuum chambers and hardware for the ESS accelerator have been successfully completed. This achievement, which includes vital contributions from UK In-Kind Partner STFC Daresbury Lab, is critical for preparing the system to accelerate the proton beam through the accelerator and eventually land it in the tuning beam dump at the end of the tunnel.</h3> </section> </div> </section> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--one-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <hr /><p>The successful installation and testing of all vacuum chambers and hardware within the ESS accelerator system marks a significant milestone on the road to ESS Accelerator Commissioning.</p> <div data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="79458a88-4c9f-4f7b-bb1b-2b0ffef3dc49" data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.portrait_33" class="align-right embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--portrait-33" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]"> <div class="media media-image media-image--portrait-33"> <div class="media__content"> <picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/portrait/public/images/media/2024-10/Last%20vacuum%20connection%20Jaco.png?itok=8GAhekNS 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="660" height="878"></source><img class="image" loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/portrait/public/images/media/2024-10/Last%20vacuum%20connection%20Jaco.png?itok=8GAhekNS" width="660" height="878" alt="Last vacuum connection Jaco" /></picture></div> <footer class="media__footer"><div class="caption"><p>Vacuum System Technician Jaco Boonzaaier making the very last vacuum connection in the ESS Accelerator tunnel.</p> </div> </footer></div> </div> <p>The vacuum envelope includes the entire system, from the ion source, through the superconducting linac, to the proton beam window chamber in the target station. This achievement is one of the critical milestones on the ESS Road to Accelerator Commissioning and the readiness to put Beam on Dump, i.e. accelerate beam through the accelerating structures and vacuum pipes and land it in the tuning beam dump at the end of the tunnel.</p><p>The ESS proton beam requires acceleration to 2 GeV of energy to achieve spallation at the target wheel. This is accomplished within a relatively short distance using Superconducting Radio-Frequency (SRF) cavities, which provide high-performance capabilities. To accelerate protons to near light-speed, the entire accelerator system is designed to operate under low gas density (vacuum) conditions. This vacuum environment extends across the linac, the monolith target vessel, and the Neutron Scattering Systems (NSS) instruments. Maintaining such a vacuum is critical because, at higher gas densities, proton beams encounter scattering, instabilities, and increased radiation levels, which could lead to electrical failures in high-gradient structures.</p><p>The vacuum system in the accelerator spans 600 metres and operates across a range of pressures, from 10⁻⁴ mbar at the start of the linac to as low as 10⁻¹¹ mbar within the SRF cavities, ensuring a "particle-free" environment with minimal contamination. The reliability of a vacuum system of this complexity is essential for maintaining optimal performance, and requires the employment of advanced technologies such as chemical pumps that operate without external connections and low-maintenance mechanical pumps with long warranties. The design also minimises the number of components and connections to reduce the risk of unscheduled downtime. With nearly 500 vacuum components and 1,000 connections in the linac, rigorous testing and proper acceptance procedures were conducted to ensure the quality and reliability of all parts.</p><p>The vacuum system is now ready for Beam on Dump (BOD), with preparations underway for the next phase: Beam on Target (BOT).</p><p>Acknowledgements go to the in-kind collaborators from the Vacuum Solution Group/ASTeC at STFC Daresbury Laboratory. Their contributions, particularly in the development of vacuum chambers and Linac Warm Units (LWUs) since 2014, have been vital to the successful completion of the accelerator vacuum project.</p> </section> </div> </section> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--one-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <div data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="b68e95f7-80b4-4b19-9ccd-8f69771a0ad2" data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.custom" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--custom"> <div class="media media-image media-image--custom"> <div class="media__content"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/custom/public/images/media/2024-10/G01%20SCL-2.jpeg?itok=OrBNdf-o" width="5016" height="4024" alt="Linac Magnets" loading="lazy" /></div> <footer class="media__footer"><div class="caption"><p>Linac view - magnets and vacuum chambers.</p> </div> </footer></div> </div> <div data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="12a52dfc-2800-4668-8511-f2ebca500d03" data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.custom" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--custom"> <div class="media media-image media-image--custom"> <div class="media__content"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/custom/public/images/media/2024-10/G01%20SCL%20LWU%20particle-free-2.jpeg?itok=hR49_8MO" width="5121" height="4024" alt="LWU" loading="lazy" /></div> <footer class="media__footer"><div class="caption"><p>Particle-free connection of a Linac Warm Unit to a cryomodule.</p> </div> </footer></div> </div> <div data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="f8bae9b4-05d6-486e-9243-6381170ba317" data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.custom" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--custom"> <div class="media media-image media-image--custom"> <div class="media__content"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/custom/public/images/media/2024-10/G01%20A2T%20proton%20pipe.jpeg?itok=_WGE-frX" width="5460" height="3885" alt="A2T vacuum pipe" loading="lazy" /></div> <footer class="media__footer"><div class="caption"><p>Vacuum pipe in the Accelerator to Target (A2T) section. In here, protons will travel at almost the speed of light.</p> </div> </footer></div> </div> <div data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="b2d91ec1-04b6-4dca-8982-f5fdf2b5b7b0" data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.custom" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--custom"> <div class="media media-image media-image--custom"> <div class="media__content"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/custom/public/images/media/2024-10/G01%20SCL%20Spokes.jpeg?itok=rpqunr_K" width="3933" height="2752" alt="SCL spoke" loading="lazy" /></div> <footer class="media__footer"><div class="caption"><p>The ESS superconducting linac, with a Linac Warm Unit (LWU) between each of the 27 cryomodules.</p> </div> </footer></div> </div> </section> </div> </section> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--one-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <hr /><p>More updates from the ESS Accelerator, highlighting the road to beam commissioning:</p><ul><li><a href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/article/2024/10/16/power-accelerate-rf-power-stations-and-running">The Power to Accelerate: RF Power Stations up and running</a></li><li><a href="/article/2024/10/11/installation-and-testing-2-mw-rf-scope-completed" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="3bb0bf11-787f-4215-83bd-dfd122e32fde" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Installation and Testing of the 2 MW RF Scope Completed</a></li><li><a href="/article/2024/09/11/ess-completes-installation-beam-current-monitors-accelerator" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="7d71a6ec-4407-4bc8-bfb3-b4013a3f0d7a" data-entity-substitution="canonical">ESS Completes Installation of Beam Current Monitors in the Accelerator</a></li><li><a href="/article/2024/08/30/first-insertable-beam-stop-installed-ess-superconducting-linac" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="b1105401-5fb7-4bb5-8738-02ba71d7f5be" data-entity-substitution="canonical">First Insertable Beam Stop installed in the ESS superconducting linac</a></li><li><a href="/article/2024/07/10/magnets-ready-focus-and-steer-proton-beam" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="9ad9ae83-0783-40bb-bdca-c35733c32c75" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Magnets Ready to Focus and Steer the Proton Beam</a></li><li><a href="/article/2024/07/03/warm-coupler-conditioning-starts-ess-superconducting-linac" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="163c9718-d0b1-4027-93f5-81617bc8b513" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Warm Coupler Conditioning starts in the ESS Superconducting Linac</a></li></ul> </section> </div> </section> </div> </div> <aside class="article__sidebar col-4 col-xl-3"> <div class="read-next-block"><div class="read-next-block__inner"> <h4 class="read-next-block__title">Top stories</h4> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-d6c39d02d350250f7583d59d42cca85424f23b2f76e035382904a57215944d8b"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-media-single"><div class="field-content"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/2024-11/Magnet%20groupie.jpeg?itok=hmh7wJ5G" width="90" height="90" alt="Magnet group A2T" loading="lazy" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/article/2024/11/20/accelerator-magnets-ready-beam" hreflang="en">Accelerator Magnets Ready for Beam</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-view-node"><span class="field-content"><a href="/article/2024/11/20/accelerator-magnets-ready-beam" hreflang="en">view</a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-media-single"><div class="field-content"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/2024-11/DSC_8559.jpeg?itok=oriqP3bY" width="90" height="90" alt="Detector Lab Utgård" loading="lazy" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/article/2024/11/12/cutting-edge-detector-technology-ess-detector-lab" hreflang="en">Cutting-Edge Detector Technology at ESS Detector Lab</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-view-node"><span class="field-content"><a href="/article/2024/11/12/cutting-edge-detector-technology-ess-detector-lab" hreflang="en">view</a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-media-single"><div class="field-content"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/2024-11/WCC%20completion.png?itok=8NAO7tNY" width="90" height="90" alt="WCC team" loading="lazy" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/article/2024/11/04/warm-coupler-conditioning-completed-ess-accelerator-prepares-cold-operation" hreflang="en">Warm Coupler Conditioning Completed - 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