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href="/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" title="Posjeti početnu stranicu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Početna strana</span></a></li><li id="n-sidebar-featured" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Istaknuti_%C4%8Dlanci"><span>Istaknuti članci</span></a></li><li id="n-sidebar-portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal"><span>Portali</span></a></li><li id="n-sidebar-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorije"><span>Kategorije</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Nedavne_izmjene" title="Spisak nedavnih izmjena na wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Nedavne izmjene</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Nasumi%C4%8Dna_stranica" title="Učitaj nasumičnu stranicu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Nasumična stranica</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Interakcija </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:Sadr%C5%BEaj" title="Mjesto gdje možete nešto da naučite."><span>Pomoć</span></a></li><li id="n-sidebar-sandbox" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Igrali%C5%A1te"><span>Igralište</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vrata_zajednice" title="O projektu, šta možete da uradite, gdje se šta nalazi"><span>Vrata zajednice</span></a></li><li id="n-sidebar-village-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Posebno:Pretraga"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Traži</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Lični alati"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Izgled" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Izgled</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bs.wikipedia.org&uselang=bs" class=""><span>Donacije</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Napravi_ra%C4%8Dun&returnto=Alel" title="Predlažemo vam da napravite račun i prijavite se; međutim, to nije obavezno" class=""><span>Napravi korisnički račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Korisni%C4%8Dka_prijava&returnto=Alel" title="Predlažemo vam da se prijavite, iako to nije obavezno [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prijavi me</span></a> </li> 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me</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stranice za odjavljene urednike <a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:Uvod" aria-label="Saznajte više o uređivanju"><span>detaljnije</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Moji_doprinosi" title="Spisak izmjena napravljenih s ove IP-adrese [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Doprinosi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Moj_razgovor" title="Rasprava o izmjenama s ove IP-adrese [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div 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decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"43\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/60px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/80px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"555\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EOd 1. do 30. novembra 2024. učestvujte u projektu \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Azijski_mjesec/2024.\" title=\"Wikipedia:Azijski mjesec/2024.\"\u003E\"Azijski mjesec\"\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div 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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Dominantni_i_recesivni_aleli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dominantni_i_recesivni_aleli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Dominantni i recesivni aleli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dominantni_i_recesivni_aleli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Procjena_relativne_frekvencije_alela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Procjena_relativne_frekvencije_alela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Procjena relativne frekvencije alela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Procjena_relativne_frekvencije_alela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alelske_varijacije_u_genetičkim_poremećajima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alelske_varijacije_u_genetičkim_poremećajima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alelske varijacije u genetičkim poremećajima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alelske_varijacije_u_genetičkim_poremećajima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Također_pogledajte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Također_pogledajte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Također pogledajte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Također_pogledajte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjski_linkovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vanjski linkovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 74 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alleel" title="Alleel – afrikans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alleel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_(%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9)" title="أليل (وراثة) – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أليل (وراثة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allel" title="Allel – azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Allel" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Алелі – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алелі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Алел – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨེ་ལིལ། – tibetanski" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨེ་ལིལ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C2%B7lel" title="Al·lel – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Al·lel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84" title="ئەلیل – centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەلیل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alela" title="Alela – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alela" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Аллельсем – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Аллельсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allel" title="Allel – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Allel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allel" title="Allel – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Allel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CE%B1" title="Αλληλόμορφα – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλληλόμορφα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele" title="Allele – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Allele" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alelo" title="Alelo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alelo" title="Alelo – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alelo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alleel" title="Alleel – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alleel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alelo" title="Alelo – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alelo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84" title="الل – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alleeli" title="Alleeli – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alleeli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%C3%A8le" title="Allèle – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Allèle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aill%C3%A9il" title="Ailléil – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ailléil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alelo" title="Alelo – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alelo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allail" title="Allail – manks" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Allail" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9C" title="אלל – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="युग्म विकल्पी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="युग्म विकल्पी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleli" title="Aleli – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aleli" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A8l" title="Alèl – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Alèl" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%C3%A9l" title="Allél – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Allél" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալելային գեներ – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալելային գեներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele" title="Allele – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Allele" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alel" title="Alel – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genasams%C3%A6ta" title="Genasamsæta – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Genasamsæta" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele" title="Allele – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Allele" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%BE%E7%AB%8B%E9%81%BA%E4%BC%9D%E5%AD%90" title="対立遺伝子 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="対立遺伝子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alel" title="Alel – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alel" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Аллель – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аллель" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%A6%BD_%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90" title="대립 유전자 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대립 유전자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allel" title="Allel – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Allel" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Аллель – kirgiški" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аллель" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleliniai_genai" title="Aleliniai genai – litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aleliniai genai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C4%93les" title="Alēles – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alēles" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Алел – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алел" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BD" title="അല്ലീൽ – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അല്ലീൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Аллел – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Аллел" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alel" title="Alel – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allel" title="Allel – donjonjemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Allel" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="donjonjemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allel" title="Allel – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Allel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allel" title="Allel – norveški (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Allel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allel" title="Allel – norveški (Bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Allel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški (Bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biffiisa" title="Biffiisa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Biffiisa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allel" title="Allel – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Allel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alelo" title="Alelo – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alelo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alel%C4%83" title="Alelă – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alelă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="preporučen članak"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Аллели – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аллели" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alleli" title="Alleli – sicilijanski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Alleli" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alel" title="Alel – srpskohrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alel" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpskohrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele" title="Allele – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Allele" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alela" title="Alela – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alela" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alel" title="Alel – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alel" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Алел – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allel" title="Allel – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Allel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81" title="மாற்றுரு – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாற்றுரு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5" title="อัลลีล – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัลลีล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele" title="Allele – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Allele" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alel" title="Alel – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Алелі – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алелі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allellar" title="Allellar – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Allellar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alen" title="Alen – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele" title="Allele – varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Allele" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E4%BD%8D%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0" title="等位基因 – Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="等位基因" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E4%BD%8D%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0" title="等位基因 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="等位基因" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele" title="Allele – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Allele" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0" title="對立基因 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="對立基因" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80726#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke linkove" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alel" title="Prikaži stranicu sa sadržajem [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Alel" rel="discussion" title="Razgovor o sadržaju [r]" 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stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alel&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi izvor</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alel&action=history"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Općenito </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0ta_vodi_ovamo/Alel" title="Spisak svih članaka koji su povezani s ovim [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Šta vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Srodne_izmjene/Alel" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne izmjene na stranicama koje su 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlel"><span>Skraćeni link</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlel"><span>Preuzmi QR kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Štampanje / izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Kolekcija&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Alel"><span>Napravi knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Alel&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">S Wikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bs" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Aleli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Aleli.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="336" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>Jedan gen sastoji se od dva alela, od kojih se jedan nalazi na homolognom hromosomu naslijeđenom od majke, a drugi na homolognom hromosomu naslijeđenom od oca.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Alel</b> (<i>alelogen</i>, <i>alelomorf</i>) je jedan od dvaju ili više oblika <a href="/wiki/DNK" class="mw-redirect" title="DNK">DNK</a>-sekvence pojedinačnog <a href="/wiki/Gen" title="Gen">gena</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riječ dolazi iz grčkog: <i>αλληλος</i> (<i>allelos</i>), što znači "uzajaman, obostran". </p><p>Svaki gen može imati različite alele. Ponekad zbog različitih DNK-sekvenci (alela) mogu nastati različite osobine, kao što je boja. Nekad će, opet, različite DNK-sekvence dati isti rezultat u ispoljavanju (jednog) gena. </p><p>Većina <a href="/wiki/Organizam_(biologija)" title="Organizam (biologija)">organizama</a> ima dva seta <a href="/wiki/Hromosom" title="Hromosom">hromosoma</a>, što znači da su diploidni. Takvi organizmi imaju jednu kopiju svakog gena (i jednog alela) na svakom hromosomu. Ako su oba alela jednaka, oni su <b>homozigotni</b>, a ako su različiti, onda su <b>heterozigotni</b>. </p><p>Populacija ili vrsta organizama obično uključuje više alela na svakom <a href="/wiki/Lokus_(genetika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokus (genetika)">lokusu</a> među različitim pojedincima. Alelska varijacija na lokusu može se izmjeriti po broju prisutnih alela (<i>polimorfizam</i>) ili razmjeru heterozigota (<i>heterozigotivnost</i>) u populaciji. </p><p>Riječ je, ustvari, skraćeni oblik od riječi <i>alelomorf</i> ("drugi oblik"), koja se koristila u ranim fazama razvoja <a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">genetike</a> za opisivanje različitih oblika jednog gena za koje je otkriveno da određuju drugi <a href="/wiki/Fenotip" title="Fenotip">fenotip</a>. </p><p>Npr., na lokusu gena za proteine <a href="/wiki/Krvna_grupa" title="Krvna grupa">krvnih grupa</a> <i>ABO</i> sistema kod ljudi<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> klasična genetika razlikuje tri alela (<i>I</i><sup>A</sup>, <i>I</i><sup>B</sup> i <i>I</i><sup>0</sup>), koji se ispoljavaju u <b>šest genotipova</b> i <b>četiri fenotipa</b>: </p> <ul><li><b>A</b> – homozigot <i>I</i><sup>A</sup><i>I</i><sup>A</sup> i heterozigot <i>I</i><sup>A</sup><i>I</i><sup>0</sup></li> <li><b>B</b> – homozigot<i>I</i><sup>B</sup>, <i>I</i><sup>B</sup> i heterozigot <i>I</i><sup>B</sup><i>I</i><sup>0</sup></li> <li><b>AB</b> – heterozigotni <i>I</i><sup>A</sup><i>I</i><sup>B</sup></li> <li><b>O</b> – homozigotni <i>I</i><sup>0</sup><i>I</i><sup>0</sup>.</li></ul> <p>Prihvaćeno je i da je svaki od alela zapravo klasa višestrukih alela s različitim DNK-sekvencama koji proizvode <a href="/wiki/Protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein">proteine</a> identičnih osobina: na <a href="/wiki/Krvna_grupa" title="Krvna grupa"><i>ABO</i> lokusu</a> poznato je više od 70 alela.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osoba s krvnom grupom A može biti homozigotna: <i>I</i><sup>A</sup><i>I</i><sup>A</sup>, odnosno <i>I</i><sup>A1</sup><i>I</i><sup>A1</sup> ili <i>I</i><sup>A2</sup><i>I</i><sup>A2</sup>, dok (suglasno tome) heterozigoti mogu imati genotip: <i>I</i><sup>A1</sup><i>I</i><sup>0</sup>, tj. <i>I</i><sup>A2</sup><i>I</i><sup>0</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dominantni_i_recesivni_aleli">Dominantni i recesivni aleli</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alel&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Dominantni i recesivni aleli"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Dominantni i recesivni aleli"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U većini slučajeva, genotipske interakcije između dva alela na lokusu mogu se opisati kao <b>dominantne</b> ili <b>recesivne</b>, prema tome kojem od dvaju homozigotnih genotipova najviše sliči homozigotni fenotip. Tamo gdje se homozigotni ne može razlikovati od heterozigotnog, za dâtī alel kaže se da je dominantan u odnosu na drugi alel, za koji se kaže da je recesivan u odnosu na prvi. Stepen i shema dominacije varira od lokusa do lokusa i zavisi od oblika <a href="/wiki/Interakcija_gena" title="Interakcija gena">interakcije alelnih gena</a>. </p><p><b>Divlji tip</b> alela je termin kojim se označava najvjerovatnija ishodišna (prvobitna) <i>DNK</i> sekvenca i odgovarajuća fenotipska <a href="/wiki/Osobina" title="Osobina">osobina</a> iz "divljih" <a href="/wiki/Populacija" title="Populacija">populacija</a> <a href="/wiki/Organizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizam">organizama</a>, npr., kod vinskih mušica (<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>). Kroz historiju se na takav "divlji" alel gledalo kao na dominantan, čest i "normalan", u suprotnosti prema "mutirajućim" alelima koji su smatrani recesivnima, rijetkima i često štetnima. Često se smatralo da je većina osoba homozigotna za "divlji alel" na većini lokusa i da je bilo koji alternativni "mutirajući" alel rjeđe pronađen u homozigotnom obliku kod manjine "pogođenih" osoba (često kao genetička bolest), a češće u heterozigotnom u "nositeljima" za mutirajuće alele. Danas se zna da mutiranjem divljeg tipa mogu nastati i dominantni aleli i da je većina lokusa (ili gotovo svi) visoko polimorfna, a učestalost njihovih alela varira od populacije do populacije, te da je veliki dio genetičkih varijacija sakriven u obliku alela koji ne proizvode očite fenotipske razlike. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Procjena_relativne_frekvencije_alela">Procjena relativne frekvencije alela</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alel&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Procjena relativne frekvencije alela"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Procjena relativne frekvencije alela"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Učestalost alela u populaciji može se koristiti za predviđanje učestalosti odgovarajućih genotipova (v. <i>Hardy-Weinbergov princip</i>). Primjer sa dva alela: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p+q=1\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p+q=1\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/77979fab6604a3efe26a63cbf2ea259db0e2631c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:9.817ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p+q=1\,}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p^{2}+2pq+q^{2}=1\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>p</mi> <mi>q</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p^{2}+2pq+q^{2}=1\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fad76086bd3ceb411a681a79b7f0169e83ce243c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:18.177ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p^{2}+2pq+q^{2}=1\,}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>gdje je <i>p</i> učestalost jednog alela, a <i>q</i> učestalost alternativnog alela, čiji zbir nužno daje 1. Zatim, <i>p<sup>2</sup></i> predstavlja dio populacije koji je homozigotan za prvi alel, 2<i>pq</i> je dio heterozigota, a <i>q<sup>2</sup></i> je dio koji je homozigotan za alternativni alel. Ako je prvi alel dominantan prema drugom, onda dio populacije koji će pokazati dominatni fenotip iznosi <i>p</i><sup>2</sup> + 2<i>pq</i>, a <i>q<sup>2</sup></i> predstavlja dio s recesivnim fenotipom. </p><p>S 3 alela: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p+q+r=1\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p+q+r=1\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d775e8c3a48914318de46a09fcdea1ab47465627" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:13.706ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p+q+r=1\,}"></span> i</dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p^{2}+2pq+2pr+q^{2}+2qr+r^{2}=1\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>p</mi> <mi>q</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>p</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>q</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p^{2}+2pq+2pr+q^{2}+2qr+r^{2}=1\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0197ee0aefd8102562f9d2962e8dee9a66085d79" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:35.462ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p^{2}+2pq+2pr+q^{2}+2qr+r^{2}=1\,}"></span>.</dd></dl> <p>U slučaju višestrukih alela na diploidnom lokusu, broj mogućih genotipova (G) s brojem alela dat je u sljedećoj formuli: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G={\frac {a(a+1)}{2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>G</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G={\frac {a(a+1)}{2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e1b1857563d22cce67df6418034cc920f7acce39" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:14.033ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G={\frac {a(a+1)}{2}}}"></span>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alelske_varijacije_u_genetičkim_poremećajima"><span id="Alelske_varijacije_u_geneti.C4.8Dkim_poreme.C4.87ajima"></span>Alelske varijacije u genetičkim poremećajima</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alel&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Alelske varijacije u genetičkim poremećajima"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Alelske varijacije u genetičkim poremećajima"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dosta genetički kontroliranih poremećaja uzrokovano je onda kad osoba naslijedi oba recesivna alela za osobinu koja zavisi od samo jednog gena. U takve poremećaje spadaju <a href="/wiki/Albinizam" title="Albinizam">albinizam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cisti%C4%8Dna_fibroza" title="Cistična fibroza">cistična fibroza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galaktozemija" title="Galaktozemija">galaktozemija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fenilketonurija" title="Fenilketonurija">fenilketonurija</a> (PKU) i <a href="/wiki/Tay-Sachsova_bolest" title="Tay-Sachsova bolest">Tay-Sachsova bolest</a>. I ostali poremećaji mogu se pojaviti pod kontrolom odgovarajućeg recesivnog alela, ali su u slučajevima <a href="/w/index.php?title=X-spolno_naslje%C4%91ivanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X-spolno nasljeđivanje (stranica ne postoji)">X-spolnog nasljeđivanja</a>, mnogo češće kod muškaraca nego kod žena. Zbog <i>XY</i> konstitucije para <a href="/wiki/Gonosomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonosomi">gonosoma</a>, muškarci imaju samo jednu kopiju tog alela (tj. <i>hemizigotni</i> su). Primjeri su sljepilo za crvenu i zelenu boju, <i>Xg</i> sistem <a href="/wiki/Krvna_grupa" title="Krvna grupa">krvnih grupa</a>, sindrom lomljivog <i>X</i> (<i>Martin-Bellov sindrom</i>) i dr. </p><p>Neki drugi poremećaji, kao što je <a href="/wiki/Huntingtonova_bolest" title="Huntingtonova bolest">Huntingtonova bolest</a>, redovno se javljaju kada pogođena osoba naslijedi samo jedan dominantni alel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alel&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Reference"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Reference"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312388">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3303350">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100604051157/http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/extract/362/21/2001">"Genomic Medicine — An Updated Primer"</a>. <i>nejm.org</i>. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/extract/362/21/2001">originala</a>, 4. 6. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 2. 6. 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nejm.org&rft.atitle=Genomic+Medicine+%E2%80%94+An+Updated+Primer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.nejm.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fextract%2F362%2F21%2F2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAlel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jech.bmj.com/content/57/7/480.long">"Basic glossary on genetic epidemiology"</a>. <i>bmj.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Pristupljeno 2. 6. 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cambridge.org&rft.atitle=Annals+of+Human+Genetics+-+Sequence+variation+at+the+human+%3Cem%3EABO%3C%2Fem%3E+locus+-+Cambridge+Journals+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.cambridge.org%2Faction%2FdisplayAbstract%3FfromPage%3Donline%26aid%3D102199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AAlel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Također_pogledajte"><span id="Tako.C4.91er_pogledajte"></span>Također pogledajte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alel&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak "Također pogledajte"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Također pogledajte"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gen" title="Gen">Gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interakcija_gena" title="Interakcija gena">Interakcija gena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genotip" title="Genotip">Genotip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenotip" title="Fenotip">Fenotip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">Genetika</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjski_linkovi">Vanjski linkovi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alel&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak "Vanjski linkovi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Vanjski linkovi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://alfred.med.yale.edu/alfred/index.asp">http://alfred.med.yale.edu/alfred/index.asp</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111102214252/http://alfred.med.yale.edu/alfred/index.asp">Arhivirano</a> 2. 11. 2011. na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090713043812/http://www.ehstrafd.org/">https://web.archive.org/web/20090713043812/http://www.ehstrafd.org/</a></li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Preuzeto iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alel&oldid=3631720">https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alel&oldid=3631720</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Geneti%C4%8Dka_genealogija" title="Kategorija:Genetička genealogija">Genetička genealogija</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Klasi%C4%8Dna_genetika" title="Kategorija:Klasična genetika">Klasična genetika</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Sakrivena kategorija: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Kategorija:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena na datum 12 juli 2024 u 16:33.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">slobodnom licencom Autorstvo-Dijeliti pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uvjeti. 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