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decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Julius_Caesar_Ibbetson_-_Penillion_singing_near_Conwy.png/330px-Julius_Caesar_Ibbetson_-_Penillion_singing_near_Conwy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Julius_Caesar_Ibbetson_-_Penillion_singing_near_Conwy.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="251" /></a><figcaption><i><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Penillion</i></span> singing near Conwy</i> (1792) by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_Ibbetson" title="Julius Caesar Ibbetson">Julius Caesar Ibbetson</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Yr_Hen_Glochydd_-_Nansi_Richards.ogg" title="File:Yr Hen Glochydd - Nansi Richards.ogg"><i>Yr Hen Glochydd</i></a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="30" data-mwtitle="Yr_Hen_Glochydd_-_Nansi_Richards.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Yr_Hen_Glochydd_-_Nansi_Richards.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Yr_Hen_Glochydd_-_Nansi_Richards.ogg/Yr_Hen_Glochydd_-_Nansi_Richards.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"><a href="/wiki/Nansi_Richards" title="Nansi Richards">Nansi Richards</a> (harp) and Emrys Jones (tenor)</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy"><b><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Cerdd Dant</i></span></b></i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> for 'string music', or <i><b><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">penillion</i></span></b></i>) is the art of vocal improvisation over a given <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melody</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Welsh</a> <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">musical</a> tradition. It is an important competition in <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy"><a href="/wiki/Eisteddfod" title="Eisteddfod">eisteddfodau</a></i></span>. The singer or (small) <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">choir</a> sings a counter melody over a <a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harp</a> melody.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerdd_Dant&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cerdd_Dant" title="Special:EditPage/Cerdd Dant">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Cerdd Dant</i></span> is a unique tradition of singing lyrics over a harp melody. Traditional singers who sang in stately homes tended to sing in a Welsh language that had strict rules about metre, rhyme, and acceleration. <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Cerdd Dant</i></span> is usually performed by a solo singer and a harpist; however, it is also performed by choirs and with several harps. A common form is have a harp melody written down or a well known tune, while the vocalist improvises their own harmony while singing a poem. </p><p>When sung in a competition, there are strict rules about rhythm and cadences. When finishing a piece, the final verse has to end on a perfect cadence that is close to the home key so that the ending of the song is clear. In Wales, during the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, two arts flourished side by side: <i><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy"><a href="/wiki/Cerdd_dafod" title="Cerdd dafod">cerdd dafod</a></i></span></i> (the craft of the tongue, poetical craft) and <i><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">cerdd dant</i></span></i> (the craft of string music). The poets and musicians were part of an all-embracing bardic system. The poets wrote verse of an occasional nature, praising the exploits and virtues of their patrons: the Welsh nobility and high-ranking clergy. They also provided elegies, devotional poetry, commemorated the generous acts of their patrons and satirised certain people in verses which might have the intensity of curses. The art of poetry was learnt orally, i.e. examples were learnt by heart and exercises given as spoken instruction. Part of the poet or musician's craft was the ability to remember the important work of previous generations. One of the spurs to the active and generous patronage of poets must have been the prospect that one's name and deeds would live forever. </p><p>In descending social order came: poet, harper, <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy"><a href="/wiki/Crwth" title="Crwth">crwth</a></i></span> player and the specialised singer of bardic verse, the <i><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">datgeiniad</i></span></i>. The crafts of poetry and instrumental music were interdependent and the performance of a new poem, at its most splendid, probably required the services of the <i><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">datgeiniad</i></span></i>, harpist and/or <i><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">crwth</i></span></i> player; no doubt superintended by the poet. Between the beginning of the 14th century and the end of the 16th century Welsh poetical forms were brought to an extreme pitch of elaboration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popularity">Popularity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerdd_Dant&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Popularity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Cerdd Dant</i></span> is still an important part of Welsh culture and is continued to the present day. It is a major element of the <a href="/wiki/National_Eisteddfod" class="mw-redirect" title="National Eisteddfod">National Eisteddfod</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an annual festival celebrating <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Cerdd Dant</i></span> is held each year.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerdd_Dant&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/cerdd_dant" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/cerdd dant">cerdd dant</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cerdd-dant.org/about.html">"About Cerdd Dant"</a>. <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Cymdeithas Cerdd Dant Cymru</i></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2012</span>. <q>The harp always plays a set melody – a traditional melody or a melody composed in the traditional style. The singer waits for a few bars and then sings his or her words on a counter melody</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Cerdd+Dant&rft.pub=%3Cspan+title%3D%22Welsh-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22cy%22%3ECymdeithas+Cerdd+Dant+Cymru%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Welsh-language+text&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcerdd-dant.org%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACerdd+Dant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/southwestwales/hi/tv_and_radio/newsid_8161000/8161287.stm">"National Eisteddfod on television"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Wales">BBC Wales</a>. 21 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2020</span>. <q>As part of the celebration, a united male voice <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">cerdd dant</i></span> choir has been formed with members drawn from five choirs</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=National+Eisteddfod+on+television&rft.date=2009-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Flocal%2Fsouthwestwales%2Fhi%2Ftv_and_radio%2Fnewsid_8161000%2F8161287.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACerdd+Dant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.s4c.cymru/en/press/page/34571/press-pack-w46/">"Press Pack W46"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a>. 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2020</span>. <q>The <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Gŵyl Cerdd Dant</i></span> 2019 is being held in Llanelli for the first time in its history</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Pack+W46&rft.pub=S4C&rft.date=2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.s4c.cymru%2Fen%2Fpress%2Fpage%2F34571%2Fpress-pack-w46%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACerdd+Dant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Welsh_folk_music" title="Template:Welsh folk music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Welsh_folk_music" title="Template talk:Welsh folk music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Welsh_folk_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Welsh folk music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Welsh_folk_music80" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_folk_music" title="Welsh folk music">Welsh folk music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eisteddfod" title="Eisteddfod">Eisteddfod</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A8ilidh" title="Cèilidh">Noson Lawen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twmpath" title="Twmpath">Twmpath</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Folk song</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cerdd Dant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cymanfa_Ganu" title="Cymanfa Ganu">Cymanfa Ganu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cynghanedd" title="Cynghanedd">Cynghanedd</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_chorus" title="Men's chorus">Men's chorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Crwth" title="Crwth">Crwth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddle" title="Fiddle">Fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">Flute</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pibgorn_(instrument)" title="Pibgorn (instrument)">Pibgorn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_harp" title="Triple harp">Triple harp</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabor_(instrument)" title="Tabor (instrument)">Tabwrdd</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_bagpipes" title="Welsh bagpipes">Welsh bagpipes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dance & Tune Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>General</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Clogging#Wales" title="Clogging">Clogging</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>2/4 Dance</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">Polka</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>2/2 and 4/4 Dances</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Barn_dance" title="Barn dance">Barn dance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hornpipe" title="Hornpipe">Hornpipe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Reel_(dance)" title="Reel (dance)">Reel</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>3/4 Dances</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">Waltz</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>6/8 Dances</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">Jig</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Non-dance Tunes</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/March_(music)" title="March (music)">Marches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_(music)" title="Air (music)">Airs</a> which exist in various meters.</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_mode" title="Aeolian mode">Aeolian mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorian_mode" title="Dorian mode">Dorian mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_scale#Harmonic_minor_scale" title="Minor scale">Harmonic minor scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_mode" title="Ionian mode">Ionian mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixolydian_mode" title="Mixolydian mode">Mixolydian mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentatonic_scale" title="Pentatonic scale">Pentatonic scale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_fiddling" title="Cape Breton fiddling">Cape Breton fiddling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music" title="English folk music">Folk music of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Folk music of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_folk_music" title="Scottish folk music">Folk music of Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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