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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1%CE%9B%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D&returnto=1%2C1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Σας ενθαρρύνουμε να δημιουργήσετε ένα λογαριασμό και να συνδεθείτε· ωστόσο, δεν είναι υποχρεωτικό" class=""><span>Δημιουργία λογαριασμού</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B7%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%AE%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7&returnto=1%2C1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Σας ενθαρρύνουμε να συνδεθείτε· ωστόσο, δεν είναι υποχρεωτικό [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Σύνδεση</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Περισσότερες επιλογές" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Προσωπικά εργαλεία" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Προσωπικά εργαλεία</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Μενού χρήστη" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_el.wikipedia.org&uselang=el"><span>Δωρεές</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1%CE%9B%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D&returnto=1%2C1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Σας ενθαρρύνουμε να δημιουργήσετε ένα λογαριασμό και να συνδεθείτε· ωστόσο, δεν είναι υποχρεωτικό"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Δημιουργία λογαριασμού</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B7%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%AE%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7&returnto=1%2C1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Σας ενθαρρύνουμε να συνδεθείτε· ωστόσο, δεν είναι υποχρεωτικό [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Σύνδεση</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Σελίδες για αποσυνδεμένους συντάκτες <a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%AE%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%95%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE" aria-label="Μάθετε περισσότερα σχετικά με την επεξεργασία"><span>μάθετε περισσότερα</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%82%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Μια λίστα με τις επεξεργασίες που έγιναν από αυτή τη διεύθυνση IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Συνεισφορές</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%97%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%AE%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Συζήτηση σχετικά με τις αλλαγές που έγιναν από αυτή τη διεύθυνση IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Συζήτηση για αυτή την IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Ιστότοπος"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Περιεχόμενα" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Περιεχόμενα</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">μετακίνηση στην πλαϊνή μπάρα</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">απόκρυψη</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Αρχή</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Παρασκευές" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Παρασκευές"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Παρασκευές</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Παρασκευές-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Εναλλαγή Παρασκευές υποενότητας</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Παρασκευές-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ενδομοριακή_αντίδραση_Freund" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ενδομοριακή_αντίδραση_Freund"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ενδομοριακή αντίδραση Freund</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ενδομοριακή_αντίδραση_Freund-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Με_χρήση_καρβενίου" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Με_χρήση_καρβενίου"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Με χρήση καρβενίου</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Με_χρήση_καρβενίου-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Χημικές_ιδιότητες" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Χημικές_ιδιότητες"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Χημικές ιδιότητες</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Χημικές_ιδιότητες-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Εναλλαγή Χημικές ιδιότητες υποενότητας</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Χημικές_ιδιότητες-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Οξείδωση" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Οξείδωση"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Οξείδωση</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Οξείδωση-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Αλογόνωση" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Αλογόνωση"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Αλογόνωση</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Αλογόνωση-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Επίδραση_καρβενίων" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Επίδραση_καρβενίων"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Επίδραση καρβενίων</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Επίδραση_καρβενίων-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Νίτρωση" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Νίτρωση"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Νίτρωση</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Νίτρωση-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Καταλυτική_υδρογόνωση-1,3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Καταλυτική_υδρογόνωση-1,3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Καταλυτική υδρογόνωση-1,3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Καταλυτική_υδρογόνωση-1,3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Υδραλογόνωση-1,3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Υδραλογόνωση-1,3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Υδραλογόνωση-1,3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Υδραλογόνωση-1,3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Υδροξυαλογόνωση-1,3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Υδροξυαλογόνωση-1,3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Υδροξυαλογόνωση-1,3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Υδροξυαλογόνωση-1,3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ενυδάτωση-1,3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ενυδάτωση-1,3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Ενυδάτωση-1,3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ενυδάτωση-1,3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Διυδροξυλίωση-1,3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Διυδροξυλίωση-1,3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Διυδροξυλίωση-1,3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Διυδροξυλίωση-1,3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Πηγές" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Πηγές"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Πηγές</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Πηγές-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Αναφορές_και_παρατηρήσεις" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Αναφορές_και_παρατηρήσεις"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Αναφορές και παρατηρήσεις</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Αναφορές_και_παρατηρήσεις-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Περιεχόμενα" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Εναλλαγή του πίνακα περιεχομένων" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Εναλλαγή του πίνακα περιεχομένων</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1,1-διμεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Μεταβείτε σε ένα λήμμα σε άλλη γλώσσα. Διαθέσιμο σε μία γλώσσα" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 γλώσσα</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,1-%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E7%8E%AF%E4%B8%99%E7%83%B7" title="1,1-二甲基环丙烷 – Κινεζικά" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1,1-二甲基环丙烷" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Κινεζικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16322534#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Επεξεργασία διαγλωσσικών συνδέσεων" class="wbc-editpage">Επεξεργασία συνδέσμων</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ονοματοχώροι"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Προβολή της σελίδας περιεχομένου [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Λήμμα</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7:1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" rel="discussion" title="Συζήτηση για τη σελίδα περιεχομένου [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Συζήτηση</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Αλλαγή παραλλαγής γλώσσας" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ελληνικά</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Από τη Βικιπαίδεια, την ελεύθερη εγκυκλοπαίδεια</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="el" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width: 315px; border-spacing: 1px; text-align: left; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#FF7E00; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 120%;">1,1-διμεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="132" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #FF7E00; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Γενικά </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Ονοματολογία οργανικών ενώσεων">Όνομα IUPAC</a></b></td> <td>1,1-διμεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #FF7E00; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Χημικά αναγνωριστικά </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Χημικός τύπος">Χημικός τύπος</a></b></td> <td>C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%87%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%B6%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Σχετική μοριακή μάζα">Μοριακή μάζα</a></b></td> <td>70,1 <a href="/wiki/Amu" class="mw-redirect" title="Amu">amu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Σύντομος<br />συντακτικός τύπος</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/80px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/120px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/160px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="132" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_CAS" title="Αριθμός CAS">Αριθμός CAS</a></b></td> <td>1630-94-0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/SMILES" title="SMILES">SMILES</a></b></td> <td>CC1(C)CC1 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #FF7E00; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Δομή </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Μοριακή γεωμετρία</b></td> <td>Τα ανθρακοάτομα του δακτυλίου σε επίπεδη τριγωνική θέση. </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #FF7E00; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Ισομέρεια </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Ισομέρεια">Ισομερή θέσης</a></b></td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #FF7E00; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Φυσικές ιδιότητες </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Σημείο βρασμού">Σημείο βρασμού</a></b></td> <td>20,6°C </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Πυκνότητα">Πυκνότητα</a></b></td> <td>765 kg/m³ (υγρό) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Εμφάνιση</b></td> <td>Άχρωμο αέριο </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #FF7E00; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Χημικές ιδιότητες </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Θερμότητα πλήρους<br />καύσης</b></td> <td>3.402 kJ/mole </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #FF7E00; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Επικινδυνότητα </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:Hazard_F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazard_F.svg/70px-Hazard_F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazard_F.svg/105px-Hazard_F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazard_F.svg/140px-Hazard_F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Εξαιρετικά εύφλεκτο (<b>F+</b>) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: #FF7E00; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 90%;">Εκτός αν σημειώνεται διαφορετικά, τα δεδομένα αφορούν υλικά υπό <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Κανονικές συνθήκες">κανονικές συνθήκες περιβάλλοντος</a> (25°C, 100 kPa). </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Το <b>1,1-διμεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο</b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Αγλική γλώσσα (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">αγγλικά</a> <i>1,1-Dimethylcyclopropane</i>) είναι <a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Οργανική ένωση">οργανική</a> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Χημική ένωση">χημική ένωση</a>, που περιέχει <a href="/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Άνθρακας">άνθρακα</a> και <a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Υδρογόνο">υδρογόνο</a>, δηλαδή είναι <a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Υδρογονάνθρακες">υδρογονάνθρακας</a>, με <a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Χημικός τύπος">μοριακό τύπο</a> <b><a href="/wiki/C5H10" title="C5H10">C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub></a></b> ή πιο αναλυτικά <b>1,1-</b>(<b>CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)</b>. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, είναι ένας <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%85%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Αλεικυκλικός υδρογονάνθρακας">αλεικυκλικός</a> υδρογονάνθρακας. Δομικά αποτελείται από έναν <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κυκλοπροπάνιο">κυκλοπροπανικό</a> δακτύλιο (δηλαδή ανήκει στα «θυγατρικά» κυκλοπροπάνια) και από δύο (2) <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Μεθυλομάδα">μεθυλομάδες</a> (CH<sub>3</sub>-), ενωμένες και οι δύο στο ίδιο (#1) κυκλοπροπανικό <a href="/wiki/%CE%86%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF" title="Άτομο">άτομο</a> άνθρακα. Το 1,1-διμεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο ανήκει στην <a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B7_%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%AC" title="Ομόλογη σειρά">ομόλογη σειρά</a> των <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Κυκλοαλκάνια">κυκλοαλκανίων</a>, δηλαδή των <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Κορεσμένη ένωση">κορεσμένων</a> υδρογονανθράκων με έναν (τουλάχιστον) δακτύλιο. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Παρασκευές"><span id=".CE.A0.CE.B1.CF.81.CE.B1.CF.83.CE.BA.CE.B5.CF.85.CE.AD.CF.82"></span>Παρασκευές</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Παρασκευές" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=1" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Παρασκευές"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ενδομοριακή_αντίδραση_Freund"><span id=".CE.95.CE.BD.CE.B4.CE.BF.CE.BC.CE.BF.CF.81.CE.B9.CE.B1.CE.BA.CE.AE_.CE.B1.CE.BD.CF.84.CE.AF.CE.B4.CF.81.CE.B1.CF.83.CE.B7_Freund"></span>Ενδομοριακή αντίδραση Freund</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Ενδομοριακή αντίδραση Freund" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=2" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Ενδομοριακή αντίδραση Freund"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Με την τροποποιημένη <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Αντίδραση Φρέουντ (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">αντίδραση Φρέουντ</a> (<i>Freund reaction</i>) με <a href="/wiki/%CE%A8%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ψευδάργυρος">Zn</a>, που δίνει μεγαλύτερη απόδοση στην ενδομοριακή αντίδραση. Σ' αυτήν την περίπτωση η στοιχειομετρική εξίσωση της αντίδρασης γίνεται<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>:</p><div style="text-align: center;"> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {(CH_{3})_{2}CBrCH_{2}CH_{2}Br+Zn{\xrightarrow {}}ZnBr_{2}+} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em" /> </mover> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {(CH_{3})_{2}CBrCH_{2}CH_{2}Br+Zn{\xrightarrow {}}ZnBr_{2}+} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/046f10da6979e32ecb9ce71b8fb94984b96f6f92" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-top: -0.452ex; width:39.091ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {(CH_{3})_{2}CBrCH_{2}CH_{2}Br+Zn{\xrightarrow {}}ZnBr_{2}+} }"></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/80px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/120px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/160px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="132" /></a></span> </p> </div><p>Η απόδοση είναι μέτρια, γιατί παράλληλα με την ενδομοριακή αντίδραση διεξάγεται αναπόφευκτα και διαμοριακή, τα κύρια προϊόντα της οποίας είναι τα ακόλουθα δύο (2): </p><ol><li>2,7-δι<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βρώμιο">βρωμο</a>-2,7-διμεθυλ<a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Οκτάνιο">οκτάνιο</a> [(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CBrCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CBr(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>].</li> <li>1,6-διβρωμο-3,3,6-τριμεθυλ<a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Επτάνιο">επτάνιο</a> [(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CBrCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>C(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Br].</li> <li>Το 1,6-διβρωμο-3,3,4,4-τετραμεθυλ<a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Εξάνιο">εξάνιο</a> [BrCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>C(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>C(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Br] δε σχηματίζεται, εξαιτίας στερεοχημικής παρεμπόδισης.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Με_χρήση_καρβενίου"><span id=".CE.9C.CE.B5_.CF.87.CF.81.CE.AE.CF.83.CE.B7_.CE.BA.CE.B1.CF.81.CE.B2.CE.B5.CE.BD.CE.AF.CE.BF.CF.85"></span>Με χρήση καρβενίου</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Με χρήση καρβενίου" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=3" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Με χρήση καρβενίου"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Με προσθήκη <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μεθυλένιο">μεθυλενίου</a> σε <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μεθυλοπροπένιο">μεθυλοπροπένιο</a> και χρήση συστήματος <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%94%CE%B9%CF%89%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Διωδομεθάνιο (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">διωδομεθάνιου</a> (ZnI<sub>2</sub>), <a href="/wiki/%CE%A8%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ψευδάργυρος">ψευδαργύρου</a> (Zn) και <a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Χαλκός">χαλκού</a> (Cu) (ο τελευταίος ως <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Κατάλυση">καταλύτης</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <div style="text-align: center;"> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {(CH_{3})_{2}C=CH_{2}+CH_{2}I_{2}+Zn{\xrightarrow {Cu}}ZnI_{2}+} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> </mpadded> </mover> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {(CH_{3})_{2}C=CH_{2}+CH_{2}I_{2}+Zn{\xrightarrow {Cu}}ZnI_{2}+} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0e1cace61f8975587b4c8c0247b6d984024d8aeb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-top: -0.293ex; width:41.193ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {(CH_{3})_{2}C=CH_{2}+CH_{2}I_{2}+Zn{\xrightarrow {Cu}}ZnI_{2}+} }"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/80px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/120px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/160px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="132" /></a></span> </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Χημικές_ιδιότητες"><span id=".CE.A7.CE.B7.CE.BC.CE.B9.CE.BA.CE.AD.CF.82_.CE.B9.CE.B4.CE.B9.CF.8C.CF.84.CE.B7.CF.84.CE.B5.CF.82"></span>Χημικές ιδιότητες</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Χημικές ιδιότητες" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=4" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Χημικές ιδιότητες"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Οξείδωση"><span id=".CE.9F.CE.BE.CE.B5.CE.AF.CE.B4.CF.89.CF.83.CE.B7"></span>Οξείδωση</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Οξείδωση" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=5" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Οξείδωση"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1. Όπως όλα τα <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Κυκλοαλκάνια">κυκλοαλκάνια</a>, το 1,1-διμεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο με περίσσεια <a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BE%CF%85%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Οξυγόνο">οξυγόνου</a> καίγεται προς <a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Διοξείδιο του άνθρακα">διοξείδιο του άνθρακα</a> (CO<sub>2</sub>) και <a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%8C" title="Νερό">νερό</a> (H<sub>2</sub>O) <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <div style="text-align: center;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/80px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/120px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/160px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="132" /></a></span><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+{\frac {15}{2}}O_{2}{\xrightarrow {\triangle }}5CO_{2}+5H_{2}O+3.402\;J} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>15</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mi mathvariant="normal">△</mi> </mpadded> </mover> </mrow> <mn>5</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>5</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3.402</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+{\frac {15}{2}}O_{2}{\xrightarrow {\triangle }}5CO_{2}+5H_{2}O+3.402\;J} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8439085ad11a4ee093193a60b7c45d25765f51d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; margin-top: -0.384ex; width:34.904ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+{\frac {15}{2}}O_{2}{\xrightarrow {\triangle }}5CO_{2}+5H_{2}O+3.402\;J} }"></span> </p> </div> <ul><li><ul><li>Αν και η αντίδραση είναι έντονα <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%95%CE%BE%CF%8E%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Εξώθερμη (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">εξώθερμη</a> δεν συμβαίνει σε μέτριες θερμοκρασίες, γιατί για την έναρξή της πρέπει να υπερπηδηθεί πρώτα το εμπόδιο της διάσπασης των δεσμών C-C<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, των δεσμών C-H<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> και των δεσμών (Ο=Ο)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> του O<sub>2</sub>.</li> <li>Στην αναφερόμενη <a href="/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Θερμότητα">θερμότητα</a> καύσεως εμπεριέχεται και η <a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Χημική ενέργεια">χημική ενέργεια</a> που έχει αποθηκευθεί ως ενέργεια παραμόρφωσης κατά το σχηματισμό του τριμελούς δακτυλίου και απελευθερώνεται με την καύση. Η ενέργεια αυτή για τριμελή ισοκυκλικό ανθρακούχο δακτύλιο υπολογίστηκε, όπως αναφέρεται στο <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κυκλοπροπάνιο">κυκλοπροπάνιο</a>, σε 117 kJ/mole.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>2. Παραγωγή <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Υδραέριο (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">υδραερίου</a>: </p> <div style="text-align: center;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/80px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/120px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/160px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="132" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+5H_{2}O{\xrightarrow[{700-1100^{o}C}]{Ni}}5CO+10H_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>5</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>700</mn> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mn>1100</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <mn>5</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>10</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+5H_{2}O{\xrightarrow[{700-1100^{o}C}]{Ni}}5CO+10H_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/16b89a274d7cf46b74a02ef8308163c6ef57a1e9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.978ex; margin-top: -0.329ex; margin-bottom: -0.526ex; width:30.562ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+5H_{2}O{\xrightarrow[{700-1100^{o}C}]{Ni}}5CO+10H_{2}} }"></span> </p> </div> <p>3. Καταλυτική <a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BE%CF%85%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Οξυγόνο">οξυγόνωση</a>: </p> <dl><dd>α. Προς <a href="/w/index.php?title=2,2-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2,2-διμεθυλοκυκλοπροπανόνη (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">2,2-διμεθυλοκυκλοπροπανόνη</a>:</dd></dl> <div style="text-align: center;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/80px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/120px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/160px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="132" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+O_{2}{\xrightarrow[{\triangle }]{Cu}}H_{2}O+} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">△</mi> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+O_{2}{\xrightarrow[{\triangle }]{Cu}}H_{2}O+} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5ad0e766c90ff9dd6d78efd9e1c5ab564423ca9e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.826ex; margin-top: -0.293ex; margin-bottom: -0.512ex; width:14.508ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+O_{2}{\xrightarrow[{\triangle }]{Cu}}H_{2}O+} }"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:2,2-dimethylcyclopropanone.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropanone.png/80px-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropanone.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropanone.png/120px-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropanone.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropanone.png/160px-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropanone.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="859" /></a></span> </p> </div> <dl><dd>β. Με πιο έντονες οξειδωτικές συνθήκες δίνει (κυρίως) <a href="/w/index.php?title=2,2-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2,2-διμεθυλοξετάνιο (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">2,2-διμεθυλοξετάνιο</a>:</dd></dl> <div style="text-align: center;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/80px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/120px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/160px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="132" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+{\frac {1}{2}}O_{2}{\xrightarrow[{1-2MPa,\;\triangle }]{Ag}}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">△</mi> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+{\frac {1}{2}}O_{2}{\xrightarrow[{1-2MPa,\;\triangle }]{Ag}}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ed1e57c6986c49cacebaf1c4a2987cb43bbd2d63" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.147ex; margin-top: -0.308ex; margin-bottom: -0.525ex; width:16.927ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+{\frac {1}{2}}O_{2}{\xrightarrow[{1-2MPa,\;\triangle }]{Ag}}} }"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:2,2-dimethyloxetane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/2%2C2-dimethyloxetane.png/100px-2%2C2-dimethyloxetane.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/2%2C2-dimethyloxetane.png/150px-2%2C2-dimethyloxetane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/2%2C2-dimethyloxetane.png/200px-2%2C2-dimethyloxetane.png 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="372" /></a></span> </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Αλογόνωση"><span id=".CE.91.CE.BB.CE.BF.CE.B3.CF.8C.CE.BD.CF.89.CF.83.CE.B7"></span>Αλογόνωση</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Αλογόνωση" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=6" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Αλογόνωση"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1. <b>Φωτοχημική αλογόνωση υποκατάστασης υδρογόνου</b>: Το 1,1-διμεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο έχει 10 άτομα υδρογόνου για φωτοχημική αντικατάσταση από αλογόνα, οπότε προκύπτουν τα ακόλουθα δύο (2) <a href="/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Ισομέρεια">ισομερή</a> αλογονοπαράγωγα<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ol><li>1-αλο-2,2-διμεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:2,2-dimethyl-1-halocyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/2%2C2-dimethyl-1-halocyclopropane.png/60px-2%2C2-dimethyl-1-halocyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/2%2C2-dimethyl-1-halocyclopropane.png/90px-2%2C2-dimethyl-1-halocyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/2%2C2-dimethyl-1-halocyclopropane.png/120px-2%2C2-dimethyl-1-halocyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="621" /></a></span>).</li> <li>(1-μεθυλοκυκλοπροπυλο)μεθυλαλογονίδιο (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:(1-methylcyclopropyl)methylhalide.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylhalide.png/60px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylhalide.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylhalide.png/90px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylhalide.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylhalide.png/120px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylhalide.png 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="357" /></a></span>).</li></ol> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:Metilsilkopropan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Metilsilkopropan.svg/40px-Metilsilkopropan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Metilsilkopropan.svg/60px-Metilsilkopropan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Metilsilkopropan.svg/80px-Metilsilkopropan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="324" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+X_{2}{\xrightarrow[{\triangle }]{UV}}HX+x} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">△</mi> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mi mathvariant="normal">U</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+X_{2}{\xrightarrow[{\triangle }]{UV}}HX+x} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/115354ccb3ec0fd7df8a21e3bafcf77fe42ae265" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.826ex; margin-top: -0.329ex; margin-bottom: -0.512ex; width:15.948ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+X_{2}{\xrightarrow[{\triangle }]{UV}}HX+x} }"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:2,2-dimethyl-1-halocyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/2%2C2-dimethyl-1-halocyclopropane.png/60px-2%2C2-dimethyl-1-halocyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/2%2C2-dimethyl-1-halocyclopropane.png/90px-2%2C2-dimethyl-1-halocyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/2%2C2-dimethyl-1-halocyclopropane.png/120px-2%2C2-dimethyl-1-halocyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="621" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+(1-x)} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+(1-x)} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/976d1d09136e531088df254a8f0ac294ba25fa84" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.848ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+(1-x)} }"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:(1-methylcyclopropyl)methylhalide.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylhalide.png/60px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylhalide.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylhalide.png/90px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylhalide.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylhalide.png/120px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylhalide.png 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="357" /></a></span></div> <ul><li>Δραστικότητα των X<sub>2</sub>: F<sub>2</sub> > Cl<sub>2</sub> > Br<sub>2</sub> > Ι<sub>2</sub>.</li> <li>όπου 0<x<1, διαφέρει ανάλογα με το αλογόνο: <ul><li>Τα <a href="/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B8%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Φθόριο">F</a> και <a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Χλώριο">Cl</a> είναι πιο δραστικά και λιγότερο εκλεκτικά. Η αναλογία των αλογονιδίων τους εξαρτάται κυρίως από τη στατιστική αναλογία των προς αντικατάσταση ατόμων H. Ειδικά για το χλώριο θα έχουμε: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2,2-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF-1-%CF%87%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2,2-διμεθυλο-1-χλωροκυκλοπροπάνιο (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">2,2-διμεθυλο-1-χλωροκυκλοπροπάνιο</a> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1-chloro-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/1-chloro-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.png/60px-1-chloro-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/1-chloro-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.png/90px-1-chloro-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/1-chloro-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.png/120px-1-chloro-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="621" /></a></span>): 4•3,8 = 15,2.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=(1-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF)%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(1-μεθυλοκυκλοπροπυλο)μεθυλοχλωρίδιο (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">(1-μεθυλοκυκλοπροπυλο)μεθυλοχλωρίδιο</a> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:(1-methylcyclopropyl)methylchloride.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylchloride.png/60px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylchloride.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylchloride.png/90px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylchloride.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylchloride.png/120px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylchloride.png 2x" data-file-width="777" data-file-height="357" /></a></span>): 6•1 = 6.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Δηλαδή το μίγμα που προκύπτει είναι: 71,7% 2,2-διμεθυλο-1-χλωροκυκλοπροπάνιο και 28,3% 1-μεθυλοκυκλοπροπυλο)μεθυλοχλωρίδιο.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><ul><li>Τα <a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βρώμιο">Br</a> και <a href="/wiki/%CE%99%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ιώδιο">I</a> είναι πιο εκλεκτικά και λιγότερο δραστικά. Η αναλογία των αλογονιδίων μεταβάλλεται προς όφελος του (1-μεθυλοκυκλοπροπυλο)μεθυλαλογονίδιου. Ειδικά για το βρώμιο θα έχουμε: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1-%CE%B2%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%BF-2,2-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-βρωμο-2,2-διμεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">1-βρωμο-2,2-διμεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο</a> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1-bromoo-2.2-dimethyl.cyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/1-bromoo-2.2-dimethyl.cyclopropane.png/60px-1-bromoo-2.2-dimethyl.cyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/1-bromoo-2.2-dimethyl.cyclopropane.png/90px-1-bromoo-2.2-dimethyl.cyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/1-bromoo-2.2-dimethyl.cyclopropane.png/120px-1-bromoo-2.2-dimethyl.cyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="621" /></a></span>): 4•82 = 328</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=(1-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF)%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(1-μεθυλοκυκλοπροπυλο)μεθυλοβρωμίδιο (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">(1-μεθυλοκυκλοπροπυλο)μεθυλοβρωμίδιο</a> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:(1-methylcyclopropyl)methylbromide.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylbromide.png/60px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylbromide.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylbromide.png/90px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylbromide.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylbromide.png/120px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylbromide.png 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="357" /></a></span>): 6•1 = 6.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Δηλαδή το μίγμα που προκύπτει είναι: 98,2 1-βρωμο-2,2-διμεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο και 1,8% 1-μεθυλοκυκλοπροπυλο)μεθυλοβρωμίδιο.</dd></dl></dd> <dd>Ανάλυση του μηχανισμού της χλωρίωσης του (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:Metilsilkopropan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Metilsilkopropan.svg/40px-Metilsilkopropan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Metilsilkopropan.svg/60px-Metilsilkopropan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Metilsilkopropan.svg/80px-Metilsilkopropan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="324" /></a></span>):</dd> <dd>1. Έναρξη: Παράγονται <a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B6%CE%B1" title="Χημική ρίζα">ελεύθερες ρίζες</a>.</dd></dl> <div style="text-align: center;"> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Cl_{2}{\xrightarrow[{\triangle }]{UV}}2Cl^{\bullet }-239kJ} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">△</mi> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mi mathvariant="normal">U</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∙</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mn>239</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Cl_{2}{\xrightarrow[{\triangle }]{UV}}2Cl^{\bullet }-239kJ} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/73fe9c8e7397e9e50d5b5a7ea91a25e26bed2f96" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.826ex; margin-top: -0.329ex; margin-bottom: -0.512ex; width:20.46ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Cl_{2}{\xrightarrow[{\triangle }]{UV}}2Cl^{\bullet }-239kJ} }"></span> </p> </div> <ul><li><ul><li>Η απαιτούμενη ενέργεια προέρχεται από την υπεριώδη κτινοβολία (UV) ή θερμότητα (Δ).</li></ul></li> <li>2. Διάδοση: Καταναλώνονται οι παλαιές ελεύθερες ρίζες, σχηματίζοντας νέες.</li></ul> <div style="text-align: center;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/40px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/60px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/80px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="132" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl^{\bullet }{\xrightarrow {}}0,72} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∙</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em" /> </mover> </mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>72</mn> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl^{\bullet }{\xrightarrow {}}0,72} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/23f05f03a0509e9f353b01ee8dc008603bda78cc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-top: -0.452ex; width:12.032ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl^{\bullet }{\xrightarrow {}}0,72} }"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png/60px-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png/90px-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png/120px-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="459" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+0,28} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>28</mn> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+0,28} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f7d7160dbed93ba19cf7868db70781e01020471" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.329ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+0,28} }"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:(1-methylcyclopropyl)methyl_radical.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png/60px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png/90px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png/120px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="397" /></a></span><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png/60px-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png/90px-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png/120px-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="459" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl_{2}{\xrightarrow {}}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em" /> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl_{2}{\xrightarrow {}}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8859d4db3ae56aaa4a17145eacfcd35eb4353774" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-top: -0.452ex; width:7.511ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl_{2}{\xrightarrow {}}} }"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1-chloro-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/1-chloro-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.png/60px-1-chloro-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/1-chloro-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.png/90px-1-chloro-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/1-chloro-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.png/120px-1-chloro-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="621" /></a></span><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl^{\bullet }+100kJ} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∙</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>100</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl^{\bullet }+100kJ} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8476a90b1d93436c19cf66775bfeaf1465628640" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:13.938ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl^{\bullet }+100kJ} }"></span><br /> </p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:(1-methylcyclopropyl)methyl_radical.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png/60px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png/90px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png/120px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="397" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl_{2}{\xrightarrow {}}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em" /> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl_{2}{\xrightarrow {}}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8859d4db3ae56aaa4a17145eacfcd35eb4353774" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-top: -0.452ex; width:7.511ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl_{2}{\xrightarrow {}}} }"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:(1-methylcyclopropyl)methylchloride.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylchloride.png/60px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylchloride.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylchloride.png/90px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylchloride.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylchloride.png/120px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylchloride.png 2x" data-file-width="777" data-file-height="357" /></a></span><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl^{\bullet }+100kJ} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∙</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>100</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl^{\bullet }+100kJ} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8476a90b1d93436c19cf66775bfeaf1465628640" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:13.938ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl^{\bullet }+100kJ} }"></span><br /></div> <ul><li>3. Τερματισμός: Καταναλώνονται μεταξύ τους οι ελεύθερες ρίζες, κατά τη στατιστικά σπάνια περίπτωση της συνάντησής τους.</li></ul> <div style="text-align: center;"> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2Cl^{\bullet }{\xrightarrow {}}Cl_{2}+239kJ} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∙</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em" /> </mover> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>239</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2Cl^{\bullet }{\xrightarrow {}}Cl_{2}+239kJ} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d1059d27363a243b4b1b37ff570152e9cbeb35d9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-top: -0.452ex; width:18.995ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2Cl^{\bullet }{\xrightarrow {}}Cl_{2}+239kJ} }"></span><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png/60px-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png/90px-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png/120px-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="459" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl^{\bullet }{\xrightarrow {}}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∙</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em" /> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl^{\bullet }{\xrightarrow {}}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ac6101027095332a3c5737b55df9b86fcfb9e3a1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; margin-top: -0.452ex; width:7.511ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl^{\bullet }{\xrightarrow {}}} }"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1-chloro-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/1-chloro-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.png/60px-1-chloro-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/1-chloro-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.png/90px-1-chloro-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/1-chloro-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.png/120px-1-chloro-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="621" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+339kJ} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>339</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+339kJ} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/41264904fe4f91b2cdc1fdf00c5e7c930409d51d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:7.718ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+339kJ} }"></span><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:(1-methylcyclopropyl)methyl_radical.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png/60px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png/90px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png/120px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="397" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl^{\bullet }{\xrightarrow {}}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∙</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em" /> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl^{\bullet }{\xrightarrow {}}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ac6101027095332a3c5737b55df9b86fcfb9e3a1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; margin-top: -0.452ex; width:7.511ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+Cl^{\bullet }{\xrightarrow {}}} }"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:(1-methylcyclopropyl)methylchloride.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylchloride.png/60px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylchloride.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylchloride.png/90px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylchloride.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylchloride.png/120px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methylchloride.png 2x" data-file-width="777" data-file-height="357" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+339kJ} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>339</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+339kJ} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/41264904fe4f91b2cdc1fdf00c5e7c930409d51d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:7.718ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+339kJ} }"></span><br /> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e7fc9e0a3cfc4e30ffe63208a782c18e9c79e85b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.162ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2} }"></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png/60px-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png/90px-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png/120px-2%2C2-dimethylcyclopropyl_radical.png 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="459" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {\xrightarrow {}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em" /> </mover> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {\xrightarrow {}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/279565f4839f2f5f6a01a13bfe99c937f141f435" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-top: -0.452ex; width:2.324ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {\xrightarrow {}} }"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:2,2-dimethyl-1-(2%27,2%27-dimethylcyclopropyl)-cyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/2%2C2-dimethyl-1-%282%27%2C2%27-dimethylcyclopropyl%29-cyclopropane.png/120px-2%2C2-dimethyl-1-%282%27%2C2%27-dimethylcyclopropyl%29-cyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/2%2C2-dimethyl-1-%282%27%2C2%27-dimethylcyclopropyl%29-cyclopropane.png/180px-2%2C2-dimethyl-1-%282%27%2C2%27-dimethylcyclopropyl%29-cyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/2%2C2-dimethyl-1-%282%27%2C2%27-dimethylcyclopropyl%29-cyclopropane.png/240px-2%2C2-dimethyl-1-%282%27%2C2%27-dimethylcyclopropyl%29-cyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="586" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+347kJ} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>347</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+347kJ} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/677f0c36d4c1646d350ca1e82268300e3617e522" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:7.718ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+347kJ} }"></span> <br /> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e7fc9e0a3cfc4e30ffe63208a782c18e9c79e85b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.162ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2} }"></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:(1-methylcyclopropyl)methyl_radical.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png/60px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png/90px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png/120px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29methyl_radical.png 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="397" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {\xrightarrow {}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em" /> </mover> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {\xrightarrow {}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/279565f4839f2f5f6a01a13bfe99c937f141f435" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-top: -0.452ex; width:2.324ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {\xrightarrow {}} }"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1,2-di(1%27-methylcyclopropyl)ethane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/1%2C2-di%281%27-methylcyclopropyl%29ethane.png/120px-1%2C2-di%281%27-methylcyclopropyl%29ethane.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/1%2C2-di%281%27-methylcyclopropyl%29ethane.png/180px-1%2C2-di%281%27-methylcyclopropyl%29ethane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/1%2C2-di%281%27-methylcyclopropyl%29ethane.png/240px-1%2C2-di%281%27-methylcyclopropyl%29ethane.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="285" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+347kJ} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>347</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+347kJ} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/677f0c36d4c1646d350ca1e82268300e3617e522" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:7.718ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+347kJ} }"></span> </p> </div> <ul><li><ul><li>Είναι όμως πρακτικά δύσκολο να σταματήσει η αντίδραση στην παραγωγή μονοααλογονιδίων. <ul><li>Αν χρησιμοποιηθούν ισομοριακές ποσότητες<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:Metilsilkopropan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Metilsilkopropan.svg/40px-Metilsilkopropan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Metilsilkopropan.svg/60px-Metilsilkopropan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Metilsilkopropan.svg/80px-Metilsilkopropan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="324" /></a></span> και Χ<sub>2</sub> θα παραχθεί μίγμα όλων των αλογονοπαραγώγων του <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:Metilsilkopropan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Metilsilkopropan.svg/40px-Metilsilkopropan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Metilsilkopropan.svg/60px-Metilsilkopropan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Metilsilkopropan.svg/80px-Metilsilkopropan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="324" /></a></span>.</li> <li>Αν όμως χρησιμοποιηθει περίσσεια <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/40px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/60px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/80px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="132" /></a></span>, τότε η απόδοση των μονοπαραγώγων αυξάνεται πολύ, λόγω της αύξησης της στατιστικής πιθανότητας συνάντησης <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/40px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/60px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/80px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="132" /></a></span> με X<sup>.</sup> σε σχέση με την πιθανότητα συνάντισης μονοπαραγώγου και X<sup>.</sup>, που μπορεί να οδηγήσει στην παραγωγή των υπόλοιπων X-παραγώγων.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p>2. Με διαλογόνωση-1,3 παράγεται (κυρίως) 1,3-διαλο-2-μεθυλοβουτάνιο: </p> <div style="text-align: center;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/40px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/60px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/80px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="132" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+X_{2}{\xrightarrow {CCl_{4}}}XCH_{2}CH_{2}CX(CH_{3})_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mpadded> </mover> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+X_{2}{\xrightarrow {CCl_{4}}}XCH_{2}CH_{2}CX(CH_{3})_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/509fadfd5c42b1447df64f3f12db1ee948f6ea61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-top: -0.326ex; width:31.045ex; height:4.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+X_{2}{\xrightarrow {CCl_{4}}}XCH_{2}CH_{2}CX(CH_{3})_{2}} }"></span> </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Επίδραση_καρβενίων"><span id=".CE.95.CF.80.CE.AF.CE.B4.CF.81.CE.B1.CF.83.CE.B7_.CE.BA.CE.B1.CF.81.CE.B2.CE.B5.CE.BD.CE.AF.CF.89.CE.BD"></span>Επίδραση καρβενίων</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Επίδραση καρβενίων" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=7" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Επίδραση καρβενίων"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Το 1,1-διμεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο έχει 10 άτομα υδρογόνου διαθέσιμα για παρεμβολή <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Καρβένια">καρβενίων</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>:</li></ul> <div style="text-align: center;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/80px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/120px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/160px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="132" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+CH_{3}Cl+KOH{\xrightarrow {}}KCl+H_{2}O+{\frac {2}{5}}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em" /> </mover> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+CH_{3}Cl+KOH{\xrightarrow {}}KCl+H_{2}O+{\frac {2}{5}}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6f1323786cab42b7a6f6f8442d08ac116548158b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:35.55ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+CH_{3}Cl+KOH{\xrightarrow {}}KCl+H_{2}O+{\frac {2}{5}}} }"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1,1,2-triimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/1%2C1%2C2-triimethylcyclopropane.png/100px-1%2C1%2C2-triimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/1%2C1%2C2-triimethylcyclopropane.png/150px-1%2C1%2C2-triimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/1%2C1%2C2-triimethylcyclopropane.png/200px-1%2C1%2C2-triimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="535" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+{\frac {3}{5}}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>3</mn> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+{\frac {3}{5}}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5ff57d98207c17314c5cd5bd23f0280de557b6f5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:3.807ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+{\frac {3}{5}}} }"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1-Ethyl-1-methylCyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/1-Ethyl-1-methylCyclopropane.png/60px-1-Ethyl-1-methylCyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/1-Ethyl-1-methylCyclopropane.png/90px-1-Ethyl-1-methylCyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/1-Ethyl-1-methylCyclopropane.png/120px-1-Ethyl-1-methylCyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="767" data-file-height="308" /></a></span> </p> </div> <ul><li>Η αντίδραση είναι ελάχιστα εκλεκτική και αυτό σημαίνει ότι κατά προσέγγιση έχουμε:</li></ul> <dl><dd>1. Παρεμβολή στους έξι (6) δεσμούς CH<sub>2</sub>-H: 6.</dd> <dd>2. Παρεμβολή στους τέσσερεις (4) δεσμούς CH-H: 4.</dd></dl> <p>Προκύπτει επομένως μίγμα <a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1,2-%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1,1,2-τριμεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">1,1,2-τριμεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιου</a> ~40% και <a href="/w/index.php?title=1-%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF-1-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-αιθυλο-1-μεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">1-αιθυλο-1-μεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιου</a> 60%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Νίτρωση"><span id=".CE.9D.CE.AF.CF.84.CF.81.CF.89.CF.83.CE.B7"></span>Νίτρωση</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Νίτρωση" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=8" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Νίτρωση"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Αντιδρά με ατμούς <a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BF%CE%BE%CF%8D" title="Νιτρικό οξύ">HNO<sub>3</sub></a> στην αέρια φάση<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>:</li></ul> <div style="text-align: center;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/80px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/120px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/160px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="132" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+HNO_{3}{\xrightarrow {\triangle }}+H_{2}O+x} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mi mathvariant="normal">△</mi> </mpadded> </mover> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+HNO_{3}{\xrightarrow {\triangle }}+H_{2}O+x} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fc2b0adfdfdc2847d074c2dfe49f435cca73c382" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-top: -0.441ex; width:22.455ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+HNO_{3}{\xrightarrow {\triangle }}+H_{2}O+x} }"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:2,2-dimethyl-1-nitrocyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/2%2C2-dimethyl-1-nitrocyclopropane.png/50px-2%2C2-dimethyl-1-nitrocyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/2%2C2-dimethyl-1-nitrocyclopropane.png/75px-2%2C2-dimethyl-1-nitrocyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/2%2C2-dimethyl-1-nitrocyclopropane.png/100px-2%2C2-dimethyl-1-nitrocyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="793" data-file-height="536" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+(1-x)} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+(1-x)} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/976d1d09136e531088df254a8f0ac294ba25fa84" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.848ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+(1-x)} }"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:(1-methylcyclopropyl)nitromethane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29nitromethane.png/100px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29nitromethane.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29nitromethane.png/150px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29nitromethane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%281-methylcyclopropyl%29nitromethane.png/200px-%281-methylcyclopropyl%29nitromethane.png 2x" data-file-width="773" data-file-height="309" /></a></span> </p> </div> <p>όπου 0<x<1. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Καταλυτική_υδρογόνωση-1,3"><span id=".CE.9A.CE.B1.CF.84.CE.B1.CE.BB.CF.85.CF.84.CE.B9.CE.BA.CE.AE_.CF.85.CE.B4.CF.81.CE.BF.CE.B3.CF.8C.CE.BD.CF.89.CF.83.CE.B7-1.2C3"></span>Καταλυτική υδρογόνωση-1,3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Καταλυτική υδρογόνωση-1,3" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=9" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Καταλυτική υδρογόνωση-1,3"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Με καταλυτική <a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Υδρογόνο">υδρογόνωση</a> - Παράγεται (κυρίως) <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μεθυλοβουτάνιο">μεθυλοβουτάνιο</a>: </p> <div style="text-align: center;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/80px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/120px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/160px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="132" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+H_{2}{\xrightarrow {Pt}}(CH_{3})_{2}CHCH_{2}CH_{3}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> </mpadded> </mover> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+H_{2}{\xrightarrow {Pt}}(CH_{3})_{2}CHCH_{2}CH_{3}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3bb1a30203077264c5109d4e290a2c3d75e3c3a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-top: -0.327ex; width:27.399ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+H_{2}{\xrightarrow {Pt}}(CH_{3})_{2}CHCH_{2}CH_{3}} }"></span> </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Υδραλογόνωση-1,3"><span id=".CE.A5.CE.B4.CF.81.CE.B1.CE.BB.CE.BF.CE.B3.CF.8C.CE.BD.CF.89.CF.83.CE.B7-1.2C3"></span>Υδραλογόνωση-1,3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Υδραλογόνωση-1,3" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=10" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Υδραλογόνωση-1,3"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Με <a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Υδραλογόνα">υδραλογόνο</a> (ΗΧ) - Παράγεται (κυρίως) 2-αλο-2-μεθυλοβουτάνιο: </p> <div style="text-align: center;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/80px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/120px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/160px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="132" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+HX{\xrightarrow {}}CH_{3}CH_{2}CX(CH_{3})_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em" /> </mover> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+HX{\xrightarrow {}}CH_{3}CH_{2}CX(CH_{3})_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffc90ede82f014bb60a5d3fbef1b0d8b3dda58e1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-top: -0.452ex; width:27.329ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+HX{\xrightarrow {}}CH_{3}CH_{2}CX(CH_{3})_{2}} }"></span> </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Υδροξυαλογόνωση-1,3"><span id=".CE.A5.CE.B4.CF.81.CE.BF.CE.BE.CF.85.CE.B1.CE.BB.CE.BF.CE.B3.CF.8C.CE.BD.CF.89.CF.83.CE.B7-1.2C3"></span>Υδροξυαλογόνωση-1,3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Υδροξυαλογόνωση-1,3" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=11" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Υδροξυαλογόνωση-1,3"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Με <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Υποαλογονώδη (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">υπαλογονώδες οξύ</a> (HOX) - Παράγεται (κυρίως) 4-αλο-2-μεθυλο-2-βουτανόλη: </p> <div style="text-align: center;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/80px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/120px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/160px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="132" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+HOX{\xrightarrow {}}XCH_{2}CH_{2}C(OH)(CH_{3})_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em" /> </mover> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+HOX{\xrightarrow {}}XCH_{2}CH_{2}C(OH)(CH_{3})_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2071a72d21f874f9d8ae51aab10d188dd452d765" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-top: -0.452ex; width:34.498ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+HOX{\xrightarrow {}}XCH_{2}CH_{2}C(OH)(CH_{3})_{2}} }"></span> </p> </div><p>Η παραπάνω αντίδραση, ισχύει όταν X = <a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Χλώριο">Cl</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βρώμιο">Br</a> ή <a href="/wiki/%CE%99%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ιώδιο">I</a>. Στην περίπτωση του <a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%BF%CE%BE%CF%8D" title="Υποφθοριώδες οξύ">υποφθοριώδους οξέος</a> (HOF), παράγεται κυρίως 3-μεθυλο-3-φθορο-1-βουτανόλη:</p><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1,2-dimethylcyclopropane.svg" title="80x80εσ[νεκρός σύνδεσμος]"><img alt="80x80εσ[νεκρός σύνδεσμος]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/1%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.svg/355px-1%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.svg.png" decoding="async" width="355" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/1%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.svg/533px-1%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/1%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.svg/710px-1%2C2-dimethylcyclopropane.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+HOF{\xrightarrow {}}CH_{3}CF(CH_{3})CH_{2}CH_{2}OH} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em" /> </mover> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+HOF{\xrightarrow {}}CH_{3}CF(CH_{3})CH_{2}CH_{2}OH} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dbdb5182fd18ad2d10f910713e983fc3c8281922" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-top: -0.452ex; width:35.659ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+HOF{\xrightarrow {}}CH_{3}CF(CH_{3})CH_{2}CH_{2}OH} }"></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ενυδάτωση-1,3"><span id=".CE.95.CE.BD.CF.85.CE.B4.CE.AC.CF.84.CF.89.CF.83.CE.B7-1.2C3"></span>Ενυδάτωση-1,3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Ενυδάτωση-1,3" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=12" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Ενυδάτωση-1,3"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Με επίδραση <a href="/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BF%CE%BE%CF%8D" title="Θειικό οξύ">θειικού οξέος</a> σε 1,1-διμεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιo (κυρίως) όξινος θειικός 2-μεθυλο-2-βουτυλεστέρας [CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>C(SO<sub resource="Αρχείο:1-chloro-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane.png">4</sub>H)(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>], που <a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Υδρόλυση">υδρολύεται</a> σχηματίζοντας <a href="/w/index.php?title=2-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF-2-%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-μεθυλο-2-βουτανόλη (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">2-μεθυλο-2-βουτανόλη</a>: </p> <div style="text-align: center;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/80px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/120px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/160px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="132" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+H_{2}SO_{4}{\xrightarrow {}}CH_{3}CH_{2}C(OSO_{3}H)(CH_{3})_{2}{\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}SO_{4}}]{+H_{2}O}}CH_{3}CH_{2}C(OH)(CH_{3})_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em" /> </mover> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+H_{2}SO_{4}{\xrightarrow {}}CH_{3}CH_{2}C(OSO_{3}H)(CH_{3})_{2}{\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}SO_{4}}]{+H_{2}O}}CH_{3}CH_{2}C(OH)(CH_{3})_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9b138036c86c585e9aa69d65c3958656a3a8b92a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.146ex; margin-top: -0.341ex; margin-bottom: -0.525ex; width:69.586ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+H_{2}SO_{4}{\xrightarrow {}}CH_{3}CH_{2}C(OSO_{3}H)(CH_{3})_{2}{\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}SO_{4}}]{+H_{2}O}}CH_{3}CH_{2}C(OH)(CH_{3})_{2}} }"></span> </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Διυδροξυλίωση-1,3"><span id=".CE.94.CE.B9.CF.85.CE.B4.CF.81.CE.BF.CE.BE.CF.85.CE.BB.CE.AF.CF.89.CF.83.CE.B7-1.2C3"></span>Διυδροξυλίωση-1,3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Διυδροξυλίωση-1,3" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=13" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Διυδροξυλίωση-1,3"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Με επίδραση <a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%85%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Υπεροξείδιο του υδρογόνου">υπεροξειδίου του υδρογόνου</a> (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) σε 1,1-διμεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιo, παρουσία <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%AD%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Καρβονικά οξέα">καρβοξυλικών οξέων</a> παράγεται (κυρίως) <a href="/w/index.php?title=3-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF-1,3-%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BDo%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-μεθυλο-1,3-βουτανoδιόλη (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">3-μεθυλο-1,3-βουτανoδιόλη</a>: </p> <div style="text-align: center;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/80px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/120px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png/160px-1_1_dimethylcyclopropane.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="132" /></a></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+H_{2}O_{2}{\xrightarrow {RCOOH}}(CH_{3})_{2}C(OH)CH_{2}CH_{2}OH} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> </mpadded> </mover> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {+H_{2}O_{2}{\xrightarrow {RCOOH}}(CH_{3})_{2}C(OH)CH_{2}CH_{2}OH} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/12de0a2961cdfc12d269166dd1115d64310fff78" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-top: -0.293ex; width:41.857ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {+H_{2}O_{2}{\xrightarrow {RCOOH}}(CH_{3})_{2}C(OH)CH_{2}CH_{2}OH} }"></span> </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Πηγές"><span id=".CE.A0.CE.B7.CE.B3.CE.AD.CF.82"></span>Πηγές</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Πηγές" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=14" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Πηγές"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Γ. Βάρβογλη, Ν. Αλεξάνδρου, <i>Οργανική Χημεία</i>, Αθήνα 1972</li> <li>Α. Βάρβογλη, «Χημεία Οργανικών Ενώσεων», παρατηρητής, Θεσσαλονίκη 1991</li> <li>SCHAUM'S OUTLINE SERIES, ΟΡΓΑΝΙΚΗ ΧΗΜΕΙΑ, Μτφ. Α. Βάρβογλη, 1999</li> <li>Ασκήσεις και προβλήματα Οργανικής Χημείας Ν. Α. Πετάση 1982</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.lookchem.com/cas-163/1630-94-0.html">[1]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Αναφορές_και_παρατηρήσεις"><span id=".CE.91.CE.BD.CE.B1.CF.86.CE.BF.CF.81.CE.AD.CF.82_.CE.BA.CE.B1.CE.B9_.CF.80.CE.B1.CF.81.CE.B1.CF.84.CE.B7.CF.81.CE.AE.CF.83.CE.B5.CE.B9.CF.82"></span>Αναφορές και παρατηρήσεις</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Αναφορές και παρατηρήσεις" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=15" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Αναφορές και παρατηρήσεις"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Gustavson (1887). "Ueber eine neue Darstellungsmethode des Trimethylens". J. Prakt. Chem. 36: 300–305. doi:10.1002/prac.18870360127. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k90799n/f308.table">http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k90799n/f308.table</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ασκήσεις και προβλήματα Οργανικής Χημείας Ν. Α. Πετάση 1982, σελ. 154, §6.5.Β1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">SCHAUM'S OUTLINE SERIES, ΟΡΓΑΝΙΚΗ ΧΗΜΕΙΑ, Μτφ. Α. Βάρβογλη, 1999, σελ. 138, §9.2Β5β.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Α. Βάρβογλη, «Χημεία Οργανικών Ενώσεων», παρατηρητής, Θεσσαλονίκη 1991, σελ.21, §1.1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ν. Αλεξάνδρου, <i>Γενική Οργανική Χημεία</i>, ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ 1985: Σελ.126, 6.1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ΔH<sub>C-C</sub>= +347 kJ/mol</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ΔH<sub>C-H</sub> = +415 kJ/mol</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ΔH<sub>O-O</sub>=+146 kJ/mol</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">SCHAUM'S OUTLINE SERIES, ΟΡΓΑΝΙΚΗ ΧΗΜΕΙΑ, Μτφ. Α. Βάρβογλη, 1999, σελ. 43-46 §4.4.3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">SCHAUM'S OUTLINE SERIES, ΟΡΓΑΝΙΚΗ ΧΗΜΕΙΑ, Μτφ. Α. Βάρβογλη, 1999, σελ. 46 §4.4.4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ασκήσεις και προβλήματα Οργανικής Χημείας Ν. Α. Πετάση 1982: Σελ. 244, §10.3.2.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10387572">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Μεθυλομάδα">Μεθυλομάδα</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Μεθανοδιυλομάδα">Μεθανοδιυλομάδα</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Μεθυλιδενομάδα">Μεθυλιδενομάδα</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μεθάνιο">Μεθάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αιθάνιο">Αιθάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Προπάνιο">Προπάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Βουτάνια">Βουτάνια</a> (<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βουτάνιο">Βουτάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μεθυλοπροπάνιο">Μεθυλοπροπάνιο</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Πεντάνια">Πεντάνια</a> (<a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πεντάνιο">Πεντάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μεθυλοβουτάνιο">Μεθυλοβουτάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Διμεθυλοπροπάνιο">Διμεθυλοπροπάνιο</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Εξάνια">Εξάνια</a> (<a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Εξάνιο">Εξάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2-μεθυλοπεντάνιο">2-μεθυλοπεντάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/3-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="3-μεθυλοπεντάνιο">3-μεθυλοπεντάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2,2-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2,2-διμεθυλοβουτάνιο">2,2-διμεθυλοβουτάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2,3-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2,3-διμεθυλοβουτάνιο">2,3-διμεθυλοβουτάνιο</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Επτάνια">Επτάνια</a> (<a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Επτάνιο">Επτάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2-μεθυλεξάνιο">2-μεθυλεξάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/3-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="3-μεθυλεξάνιο">3-μεθυλεξάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αιθυλοπεντάνιο">Αιθυλοπεντάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2,2-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2,2-διμεθυλοπεντάνιο">2,2-διμεθυλοπεντάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2,3-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2,3-διμεθυλοπεντάνιο">2,3-διμεθυλοπεντάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2,4-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2,4-διμεθυλοπεντάνιο">2,4-διμεθυλοπεντάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/3,3-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="3,3-διμεθυλοπεντάνιο">3,3-διμεθυλοπεντάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Τριμεθυλοβουτάνιο">Τριμεθυλοβουτάνιο</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Οκτάνια">Οκτάνια</a> (<a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Οκτάνιο">Οκτάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%80%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2-μεθυλεπτάνιο">2-μεθυλεπτάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/3-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%80%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="3-μεθυλεπτάνιο">3-μεθυλεπτάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/4-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%80%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="4-μεθυλεπτάνιο">4-μεθυλεπτάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αιθυλεξάνιο">Αιθυλεξάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2,2-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2,2-διμεθυλεξάνιο">2,2-διμεθυλεξάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2,3-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2,3-διμεθυλεξάνιο">2,3-διμεθυλεξάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2,4-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2,4-διμεθυλεξάνιο">2,4-διμεθυλεξάνιο</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Αλκένια">Αλκένια</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Αλκαδιένια">αλκαδιένια</a><br />και <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Αλκατριένια (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">αλκατριένια</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αιθένιο">Αιθένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Προπένιο">Προπένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βουτένιο">Βουτένια</a> (<a href="/wiki/1-%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="1-βουτένιο">1-βουτένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2-%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2-βουτένιο">2-βουτένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μεθυλοπροπένιο">Μεθυλοπροπένιο</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πεντένιο">Πεντένια</a> (<a href="/wiki/1-%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="1-πεντένιο">1-πεντένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2-%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2-πεντένιο">2-πεντένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF-1-%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2-μεθυλο-1-βουτένιο">2-μεθυλο-1-βουτένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/3-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF-1-%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="3-μεθυλο-1-βουτένιο">3-μεθυλο-1-βουτένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF-2-%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μεθυλο-2-βουτένιο">μεθυλο-2-βουτένιο</a> ) <br /><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Προπαδιένιο">Προπαδιένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> Βουταδιένια (<a href="/wiki/1,2-%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="1,2-βουταδιένιο">1,2-βουταδιένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/1,3-%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="1,3-βουταδιένιο">1,3-βουταδιένιο</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> Πενταδιένια (<a href="/wiki/1,2-%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="1,2-πενταδιένιο">1,2-πενταδιένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/1,3-%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="1,3-πενταδιένιο">1,3-πενταδιένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/1,4-%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="1,4-πενταδιένιο">1,4-πενταδιένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2,3-%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2,3-πενταδιένιο">2,3-πενταδιένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF-1,2-%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μεθυλο-1,2-βουταδιένιο">Μεθυλο-1,2-βουταδιένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ισοπρένιο">Ισοπρένιο</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κουμουλένιο">Κουμουλένιο</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Αλκίνια">Αλκίνια</a><br />και <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Αλκενίνια (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">αλκενίνια</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αιθίνιο">Αιθίνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Προπίνιο">Προπίνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> Βουτίνια (<a href="/wiki/1-%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="1-βουτίνιο">1-βουτίνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2-%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2-βουτίνιο">2-βουτίνιο</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Πεντίνια">Πεντίνια</a> (<a href="/wiki/1-%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="1-πεντίνιο">1-πεντίνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2-%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2-πεντίνιο">2-πεντίνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μεθυλοβουτίνιο">Μεθυλοβουτίνιο</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βουτενίνιο">Βουτενίνιο</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Αλεικυκλική ένωση">Αλεικυκλικοί υδρογονάνθρακες</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Κυκλοπροπάνια (<a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κυκλοπροπάνιο">Κυκλοπροπάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο">Μεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αιθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο">Αιθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1,1-διμεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/1,2-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="1,2-διμεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο">1,2-διμεθυλοκυκλοπροπάνιο</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> Κυκλοβουτάνια (<a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κυκλοβουτάνιο">Κυκλοβουτάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μεθυλοκυκλοβουτάνιο">Μεθυλοκυκλοβουτάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/1,2-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="1,2-διμεθυλενοκυκλοβουτάνιο">1,2-διμεθυλενοκυκλοβουτάνιο</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κυκλοπεντάνιο">Κυκλοπεντάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κυκλοεξάνιο">Κυκλοεξάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B5%CF%80%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κυκλοεπτάνιο">Κυκλοεπτάνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Τετραεδράνιο">Τετραεδράνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Τετρακυκλάνιο">Τετρακυκλάνιο</a><br /> <p>Κυκλοπροπένια (<a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κυκλοπροπένιο">Κυκλοπροπένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μεθυλενοκυκλοπροπένιο">Μεθυλενοκυκλοπροπένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/1-%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="1-αιθυλοκυκλοπροπένιο">1-αιθυλοκυκλοπροπένιο</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/3-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF-1-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="3-μεθυλενο-1-μεθυλοκυκλοβουτένιο">3-μεθυλενο-1-μεθυλοκυκλοβουτένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κυκλοπεντένιο">Κυκλοπεντένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B2%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Φουλβένιο">Φουλβένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Φουλβαλένιο">Φουλβαλένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> Κυκλοεπταδιένια (<a href="/wiki/1,3-%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B5%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="1,3-κυκλοεπταδιένιο">1,3-κυκλοεπταδιένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/1,4-%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B5%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="1,4-κυκλοεπταδιένιο">1,4-κυκλοεπταδιένιο</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/1,3,5-%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B5%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="1,3,5-κυκλοεπτατριένιο">1,3,5-κυκλοεπτατριένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Νορβορνένιο">Νορβορνένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Νορβορναδιένιο">Νορβορναδιένιο</a><br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κυκλοβουτίνιο">Κυκλοβουτίνιο</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Αρένια">Αρένια</a> και άλλοι<br /><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CF%85%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Αρωματικοί υδρογονάνθρακες">αρωματικοί<br />υδρογονάνθρακες</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βενζόλιο">Βενζόλιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Τολουόλιο">Τολουόλιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Φαινυλακετυλένιο">Φαινυλακετυλένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Στυρένιο">Στυρόλιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αιθυλοβενζόλιο">Αιθυλοβενζόλιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%BE%CF%85%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ορθοξυλόλιο">ορθοξυλόλιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BE%CF%85%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μεταξυλόλιο">μεταξυλόλιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BE%CF%85%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Παραξυλόλιο">παραξυλόλιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Προπυλοβενζόλιο">Προπυλοβενζόλιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κουμένιο">Κουμένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Προπενυλοβενζόλιο">Προπενυλοβενζόλιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ισοπροπενυλοβενζόλιο">Ισοπροπενυλοβενζόλιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αλλυλοβενζόλιο">Αλλυλοβενζόλιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ορθοαιθυλομεθυλοβενζόλιο">ορθοαιθυλομεθυλοβενζόλιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μετααιθυλομεθυλοβενζόλιο">μετααιθυλομεθυλοβενζόλιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βενζοκυκλοβουτένιο">Βενζοκυκλοβουτένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> Ναφθαλίνια (<a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ναφθαλίνιο">Ναφθαλίνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/1-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="1-μεθυλοναφθαλίνιο">1-μεθυλοναφθαλίνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2-μεθυλοναφθαλίνιο">2-μεθυλοναφθαλίνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2,6-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2,6-διμεθυλοναφθαλίνιο">2,6-διμεθυλοναφθαλίνιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Σαποταλίνιο">Σαποταλίνιο</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ινδένιο">Ινδένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ανθρακένιο">Ανθρακένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Φαινανθρένιο">Φαινανθρένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ακεναφθυλένιο">Ακεναφθυλένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αζουλένιο">Αζουλένιο</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Αντιαρωματικότητα">Αντιαρωματικοί<br />υδρογονάνθρακες</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κυκλοβουταδιένιο">Κυκλοβουταδιένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μεθυλοκυκλοβουταδιένιο">Μεθυλοκυκλοβουταδιένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βενζοκυκλοβουταδιένιο">Βενζοκυκλοβουταδιένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πενταλένιο">Πενταλένιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Διφαινυλένιο">Διφαινυλένιο</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Σχετικοί γενικοί όροι</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ακόρεστη ένωση">Ακόρεστη ένωση</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Κορεσμένη ένωση">Κορεσμένη ένωση</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Αλεικυκλική ένωση">Αλεικυκλική ένωση</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B1%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Φυσικό αέριο">Φυσικό αέριο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Υγραέριο">Υγραέριο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πετρέλαιο">Πετρέλαιο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Πολυμερισμός">Πολυμερισμός</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%82" title="Πολυμερές">Πολυμερές</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Ισοτολουόλια">Ισοτολουόλια</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Προπελλάνια">Προπελλάνια</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Μερικοί από τους γενικούς όρους δεν αναφέρονται μόνο στους υδρογονάνθρακες</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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