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class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">José María Gironella</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 7 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 lingvoj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josep_Maria_Gironella_i_Pous" title="Josep Maria Gironella i Pous — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Josep Maria Gironella i Pous" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella" title="José María Gironella — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="José María Gironella" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella" title="José María Gironella — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="José María Gironella" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella" title="José María Gironella — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="José María Gironella" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella" title="José María Gironella — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="José María Gironella" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella" title="José María Gironella — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="José María Gironella" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maria_Gironella" title="José Maria Gironella — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="José Maria Gironella" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3327485#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redakti interlingvajn ligilojn" class="wbc-editpage">Redakti ligilojn</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomspacoj"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella" title="Vidi la artikolon [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikolo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskuto:Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella" 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Kio_ligas_%C4%89i_tien%3F/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella" title="Listo de ĉiuj vikiaj paĝoj kiuj ligas ĉi tien [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ligiloj ĉi tien</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Rilataj_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Doj/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella" rel="nofollow" title="Lastaj ŝanĝoj en paĝoj kiuj ligas al ĉi tiu paĝo [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Rilataj ŝanĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eo" title="Alŝuti dosierojn [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Alŝuti dosieron</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Specialaj_pa%C4%9Doj" title="Listo de ĉiuj specialaj paĝoj [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialaj paĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella&oldid=8844663" title="Porĉiama ligilo al ĉi versio de la paĝo"><span>Konstanta ligilo</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella&action=info" title="Pli da informo pri ĉi tiu paĝo"><span>Informoj pri la paĝo</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Citi&page=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella&id=8844663&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informoj pri kiel citi ĉi tiun paĝon"><span>Citi ĉi tiun artikolon</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJos%25C3%25A9_Mar%25C3%25ADa_Gironella"><span>Akiri mallongigitan URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJos%25C3%25A9_Mar%25C3%25ADa_Gironella"><span>Elŝutu QR-kodon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Presi/elporti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa+Gironella"><span>Krei libron</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:DownloadAsPdf&page=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella&action=show-download-screen"><span>Elŝuti kiel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella&printable=yes" title="Presebla versio de tiu ĉi paĝo [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Presebla versio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En aliaj projektoj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3327485" title="Ligilo al konektita datuma ero [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ero en Vikidatumoj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paĝaj iloj"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspekto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">El Vikipedio, la libera enciklopedio</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eo" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox vcard" width="280" style="width:23em; <--Bv ne ŝanĝi tiun ĉi larĝon, por ke estu la sama larĝeco ĉe ĉiuj ŝablonoj-informkesto, se aperas du ŝablonoj unu sub la alia. Dankon. !--> font-size: 90%; -moz-box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC; -webkit-box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC; box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="color: #000000; background-color:#A3B9F6; font-family:Monotype Corsiva, serif; font-size: 150%;" align="center" colspan="3" class="kaplinio skribisto"><span class="fn"><b>José María Gironella</b></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center" style="background-color:#ddd" colspan="2">Persona informo </th></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><b>Naskonomo</b> </td> <td class="wikidata-content"><span lang="es">Josep Maria Gironella i Pous</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Naskiĝo</b> </td> <td class="wikidata-content"><a href="/wiki/31-a_de_decembro" title="31-a de decembro">31-an de decembro</a> <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a><span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday">1917-12-31</span>)</span><br />en Darnius </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Morto</b> </td> <td class="wikidata-content"><a href="/wiki/3-a_de_januaro" title="3-a de januaro">3-an de januaro</a> <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a><span style="display: none;"> (<span class="dday deathdate">2003-01-03</span>)</span> (85-jaraĝa)<br />en <a href="/wiki/Arenys_de_Mar" title="Arenys de Mar">Arenys de Mar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Mortis pro</b> </td> <td class="wikidata-content"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3739104" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3739104"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Naturaj kialoj</span></a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3327485?uselang=eo#P1196" title="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata"><img alt="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3327485#P1196" class="extiw" title="d:Q3327485">vd</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Mortis per</b> </td> <td class="wikidata-content"><a href="/wiki/Apopleksio" title="Apopleksio">Apopleksio</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3327485?uselang=eo#P509" title="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata"><img alt="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3327485#P509" class="extiw" title="d:Q3327485">vd</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lingvo" title="Lingvo">Lingvoj</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispana_lingvo" title="Hispana lingvo">hispana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kataluna_lingvo" title="Kataluna lingvo">kataluna</a> <sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3327485#P1412" class="extiw" title="d:Q3327485">vd</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ŝtataneco</b> </td> <td class="wikidata-content"><a href="/wiki/Hispanio" title="Hispanio">Hispanio</a> <small> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3327485?uselang=eo#P27" title="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata"><img alt="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small> <sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3327485#P27" class="extiw" title="d:Q3327485">vd</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDDDDD;">Profesio </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Okupo</b> </td> <td class="wikidata-content"><a href="/wiki/Verkisto" title="Verkisto">verkisto</a> <small></small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q117804633" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q117804633"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">requeté soldier</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117804633?uselang=eo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <small></small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6625963" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q6625963"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">romanisto</span></a> <small> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3327485?uselang=eo#P106" title="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata"><img alt="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small> <sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3327485#P106" class="extiw" title="d:Q3327485">vd</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:transparent;"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding: 0.2em; text-align:left; font-size: 100%; font-weight: 400;"><table class="infobox collapsible collapsed" width="100%" style="padding:0;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#e0e0e0;"> <div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"> </div>Honorigoj</th></tr> <tr> <th>Honorigoj </th> <td class="wikidata-content"><ul><li><small>(2003)</small> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/ESP_Alfonso_X_Order_GC.svg/30px-ESP_Alfonso_X_Order_GC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/ESP_Alfonso_X_Order_GC.svg/45px-ESP_Alfonso_X_Order_GC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/ESP_Alfonso_X_Order_GC.svg/60px-ESP_Alfonso_X_Order_GC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="62" /></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20884576" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q20884576"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Grand Cross of the Civil Order of Alfonso X the Wise</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20884576?uselang=eo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li><li><small>(1971)</small>  <a href="/wiki/Premio_Planeta" title="Premio Planeta">Premio Planeta</a></li><li><small>(1946)</small>  <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nadal" title="Premio Nadal">Premio Nadal</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3327485?uselang=eo#P166" title="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata"><img alt="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li></ul> <sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3327485#P166" class="extiw" title="d:Q3327485">vd</a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table></th></tr> <tr style="background-color:transparent;"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding: 0.2em; text-align:left; font-size: 100%; font-weight: 400;"><table class="infobox collapsible collapsed" width="100%" style="padding:0;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#e0e0e0;"> <div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"> </div>Membrecoj</th></tr> <tr> <th>Membrecoj </th> <td class="wikidata-content"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q24289603" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q24289603"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Royal European Academy of Doctors</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24289603?uselang=eo" title="Traduki"><img alt="Traduki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <small> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3327485?uselang=eo#P463" title="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata"><img alt="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small> <sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3327485#P463" class="extiw" title="d:Q3327485">vd</a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table></th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; background-color:#eeeeee; color:#000000;"><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3327485" class="extiw" title="d:Q3327485">vd</a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:left; background-color:#eeeeee; color:#000000;"><b>Fonto: <a href="/wiki/Vikidatumoj" title="Vikidatumoj">Vikidatumoj</a></b> </td></tr> <tr><td class="shangu-shablonon infoboximage" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em"><div class="noprint toccolours" style="border:2px solid #a2a9b1;padding:5px;background-color:#A3B9F6;color:black;font-size:xx-small;font-weight:normal"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3327485" title="d:Q3327485"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/15px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/23px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:Informkestoj" title="Vikipedio:Informkestoj"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/15px-Information_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/23px-Information_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/30px-Information_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><span class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Cablono:Informkesto_gravulo" title="Ŝablono:Informkesto gravulo">v</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Cablono-Diskuto:Informkesto_gravulo" title="Ŝablono-Diskuto:Informkesto gravulo">d</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Cablono%3AInformkesto_gravulo&action=edit">r</a></span></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>José María GIRONELLA Pous</b> (Darníus, provinco Ĝirono, 31a de decembro <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a> - <a href="/wiki/Arenys_de_Mar" title="Arenys de Mar">Arenys de Mar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Provinco_Barcelono" title="Provinco Barcelono">provinco Barcelono</a>, 3a de januaro <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>) estis hispana <a href="/wiki/Verkisto" title="Verkisto">verkisto</a>, ricevinto de la <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nadal" title="Premio Nadal">premio Nadal</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Premio_Planeta" title="Premio Planeta">premio Planeta</a>, la Nacia Premio de Literaturo kaj la premio <i>Ateneo de Sevilla</i>. Li famis per sia trilogio pri la <a href="/wiki/Hispana_Enlanda_Milito" title="Hispana Enlanda Milito">Hispana Enlanda Milito</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Los_cipreses_creen_en_Dios" title="Los cipreses creen en Dios">Los cipreses creen en Dios</a></i> (1953), <i>Un millón de muertos</i> (1961) kaj <i>Ha estallado la paz</i> (1966). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografio">Biografio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakti sekcion: Biografio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella&action=edit&section=1" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Biografio"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Juna li studis en seminario kaj poste plenumis diversajn metiojn. Dum la milito, li aliĝis al la frankisma tendaro. Post la milito li kunlaboris kun diversaj ĵurnaloj. En 1945 li publikigis sian unuan poezian libron. En 1946 li ricevis la premion Nadal, sed lia romano ne sukcesis. Ekde la komenco de la <a href="/wiki/1950-aj_jaroj" title="1950-aj jaroj">1950-aj jaroj</a> li ekverkis en <a href="/wiki/Parizo" title="Parizo">Parizo</a> la <a href="/wiki/Trilogio" title="Trilogio">trilogion</a> pri la milito, fokuse en familio Alvear el <a href="/wiki/%C4%9Cirono" title="Ĝirono">Ĝirono</a>: la unua romano temas pri antaŭmilito, la dua pri la milito kaj la tria pri postmilito. En tiu epoko nur la frankisman vidpunkton oni aprobis, kaj la versio de Gironella estis propagandigita kiel intencita neŭtrala objektiva rigardo, evidente ne kontraŭante la ĉeftendencan sintenon aprobeblan de frankisma cenzuro. Poste la geedzoj veturis al <a href="/wiki/Florenco" title="Florenco">Florenco</a>. Laŭlonge de la <a href="/wiki/1960-aj_jaroj" title="1960-aj jaroj">1960-aj jaroj</a> li suferis deprimon kaj veturis tra tre diversaj landoj. Tio rezultis en la verkado de vojaĝlibroj. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verkoj">Verkoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakti sekcion: Verkoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella&action=edit&section=2" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Verkoj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Ha llegado el invierno y tú no estás aquí</i> (poezio, 1945)</li> <li><i>Un hombre</i> (romano, 1946, <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nadal" title="Premio Nadal">premio Nadal</a>)</li> <li><i>La marea</i> (romano, 1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_cipreses_creen_en_Dios" title="Los cipreses creen en Dios">Los cipreses creen en Dios</a></i> (romano, 1953, Nacia Premio de Literaturo)</li> <li><i>Los fantasmas de mi cerebro</i> (1958)</li> <li><i>Un millón de muertos</i> (romano, 1961)</li> <li><i>Mujer, levántate y anda</i> (romano, 1962)</li> <li><i>Personas, ideas, mares</i> (vojaĝoj, 1963)</li> <li><i>El Japón y su duende </i>(vojaĝoj, 1964)</li> <li><i>Todos somos fugitivos</i> (eseoj, 1965)</li> <li><i>China, lágrima innumerable</i> (1965)</li> <li><i>Ha estallado la paz</i> (romano, 1966)</li> <li><i>Gritos del mar</i> (artikoloj, 1967)</li> <li><i>En Asia se muere bajo las estrellas</i> (1968)</li> <li><i>100 españoles y Dios</i> (1969)</li> <li><i>Gritos de la tierra</i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Condenados_a_vivir" title="Condenados a vivir">Condenados a vivir</a></i> (romano, 1971, <a href="/wiki/Premio_Planeta" title="Premio Planeta">Premio Planeta</a>)</li> <li><i>El Mediterráneo es un hombre disfrazado de mar</i> (1974)</li> <li><i>El escándalo de Tierra Santa</i> (1978)</li> <li><i>Carta a mi padre muerto</i> (1978)</li> <li><i>100 españoles y Franco</i> (1979)</li> <li><i>Mundo tierno, mundo cruel</i> (1981)</li> <li><i>El escándalo del Islam</i> (1982)</li> <li><i>Cita en el cementerio</i> (1983)</li> <li><i>Los hombres lloran solos</i> (1986)</li> <li><i>La duda inquietante</i> (novela, 1988, Premio Ateneo de Sevilo)</li> <li><i>Jerusalén de los evangelios</i> (1989)</li> <li><i>A la sombra de Chopin</i> (1990)</li> <li><i>Yo, Mahoma</i> (1992)</li> <li><i>Carta a mi madre muerta</i> (1992)</li> <li><i>Nuevos 100 españoles y Dios</i> (1994)</li> <li><i>El corazón alberga muchas sombras</i> (1995)</li> <li><i>Se hace camino al andar</i> (1997)</li> <li><i>Las pequeñas cosas de Dios</i> (1999)</li> <li><i>El apocalipsis</i> (2001)</li> <li><i>Por amor a la verdad</i> (2003)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencoj">Referencoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redakti sekcion: Referencoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella&action=edit&section=3" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Referencoj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-small" style="padding-right: 6px;"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksteraj_ligiloj">Eksteraj ligiloj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redakti sekcion: Eksteraj ligiloj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gironella&action=edit&section=4" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Eksteraj ligiloj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930183405/http://www.canalsocial.net/GER/ficha_GER.asp?id=1363&cat=biografiasuelta">Biografio en la Gran Enciclopedia Rialp</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmundo.es/elmundolibro/2002/12/03/anticuario/1041593503.html">Biografio en elmundolibro.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.criticadelibros.com/critica-literaria-2/jose-maria-gironella-comentado-por-miguel-delibes/">José María Gironella komentita de </a><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Delibes" title="Miguel Delibes">Miguel Delibes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lecturalia.com/autor/206/jose-maria-gironella"><i>Vida y obra</i> en lecturalia.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/audios/documentos-rne/documentos-rne-jose-maria-gironella-condenado-escribir-09-06-12/1431941/">Documentos RNE - José María Gironella, condenado a escribir</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Speaker_Icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/20px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/40px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> (audio)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCnhUHzF0dA&list=PL-N1ct2ALL2E9D_BfyrfaMUiw7irl7_qJ&index=3">José María Gironella</a> en 1977, en la programo de <a href="/wiki/La_2" title="La 2">La 2</a> (<a href="/wiki/TVE" class="mw-disambig" title="TVE">TVE</a>) <i>A fondo</i>, kun Joaquín Soler Serrano.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><i>En tiu ĉi artikolo estas uzita traduko de teksto el la artikolo <a class="external text" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa+Gironella&oldid=156235665">José María Gironella</a> en la hispana Vikipedio. </i></span></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="clear:both; margin-top:0px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); padding: 0px; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Norma_datumaro" title="Norma datumaro">Bibliotekoj</a> </td> <td class="plainlinks hlist" style="font-size: 80%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helpo:Bibliotekoj" title="Helpo:Bibliotekoj">PeEnEo</a>: <a class="external text" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/?curid=852716">852716</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Komuna_Norma_Datumaro" title="Komuna Norma Datumaro">GND</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/118717677">118717677</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kontrolnumero_de_la_Kongresa_Biblioteko_de_Usono" title="Kontrolnumero de la Kongresa Biblioteko de Usono">LCCN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79066678">n79066678</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/VIAF" title="VIAF">VIAF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/27189145">27189145</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISNI" title="ISNI">ISNI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000121253443">0000000121253443</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/028459717">028459717</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_Francio" title="Nacia Biblioteko de Francio">BNF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb126795501">126795501</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_A%C5%ADstralio" title="Nacia Biblioteko de Aŭstralio">NLA</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35126593">35126593</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ask.bibsys.no/ask/action/result?cmd=&kilde=biblio&cql=bs.autid+%3D+90385100&feltselect=bs.autid">90385100</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_la_%C4%88e%C4%A5a_Respubliko" title="Nacia Biblioteko de la Ĉeĥa Respubliko">NKC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/kup19990000031716">kup19990000031716</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" class="mw-redirect" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">ICCU</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/SBLV233771">SBLV233771</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_Hispanio" title="Nacia Biblioteko de Hispanio">BNE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX925514">XX925514</a></span></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Elŝutita el "<a dir="ltr" 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