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href="zhong-lun" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="zhong-lun" >Zhong Lun</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="kongzi-jiayu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="kongzi-jiayu" >Kongzi Jiayu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="qian-fu-lun" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="qian-fu-lun" >Qian Fu Lun</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="lunheng" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="lunheng" >Lunheng</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="taixuanjing" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="taixuanjing" >Tai Xuan Jing</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="fengsutongyi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="fengsutongyi" >Fengsu Tongyi</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="kongcongzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="kongcongzi" >Kongcongzi</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shenjian" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shenjian" >Shen Jian</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="zhong-jing" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="zhong-jing" >Zhong Jing</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="su-shu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="su-shu" >Su Shu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="xinyu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="xinyu" >Xin Yu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="duduan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="duduan" >Du Duan</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="caizhong-langji" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="caizhong-langji" >Cai Zhong Lang Ji</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47085" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47085" href="mohism" >Mohism</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=11446&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="mozi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="mozi" >Mozi</a><br /> 　<a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m37562" href="mo-bian-zhu-xu" >Mo Bian Zhu Xu</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47086" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47086" href="daoism" >Daoism</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=11451&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="zhuangzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="zhuangzi" >Zhuangzi</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=47367&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m11591" href="dao-de-jing" >Dao De Jing</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=278824&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x37397" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m37397" href="liezi" >Liezi</a><br /> <span class="subcontents">　　<a class="menuitem" id="m37403" href="liezi/tian-rui" >天瑞</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m37418" href="liezi/huang-di" >黃帝</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m37440" href="liezi/zhou-mu-wang" >周穆王</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m37450" href="liezi/zhong-ni" >仲尼</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m37467" href="liezi/tang-wen" >湯問</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m37485" href="liezi/li-ming" >力命</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m37500" href="liezi/yang-zhu" >楊朱</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m37518" href="liezi/shuo-fu" >說符</a><br /> </span></span> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="he-guan-zi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="he-guan-zi" >He Guan Zi</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="wenzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="wenzi" >Wenzi</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="wenshi-zhenjing" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="wenshi-zhenjing" >Wen Shi Zhen Jing</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="lie-xian-zhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="lie-xian-zhuan" >Lie Xian Zhuan</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yuzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="yuzi" >Yuzi</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="heshanggong" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="heshanggong" >Heshanggong Laozi</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47087" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47087" href="legalism" >Legalism</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div 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*display: inline;'"><a href="shenzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shenzi" >Shenzi</a><br /> 　<a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47384" href="jian-zhu-ke-shu" >Jian Zhu Ke Shu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="guanzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="guanzi" >Guanzi</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47088" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47088" href="school-of-names" >School of Names</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" 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*display: inline;'"><a href="wu-zi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="wu-zi" >Wu Zi</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=41901&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="liu-tao" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="liu-tao" >Liu Tao</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="si-ma-fa" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="si-ma-fa" >Si Ma Fa</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="wei-liao-zi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="wei-liao-zi" >Wei Liao Zi</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="three-strategies" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="three-strategies" >Three Strategies</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47090" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47090" href="mathematics" >Mathematics</a><br /> <span class="subcontents">　<a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m45173" href="hai-dao-suan-jing" >Hai Dao Suan Jing</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="nine-chapters" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="nine-chapters" >The Nine Chapters</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="sunzi-suan-jing" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="sunzi-suan-jing" >Sunzi Suan Jing</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=59500&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div 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title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="yanzi-chun-qiu" >Yanzi Chun Qiu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="wu-yue-chun-qiu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="wu-yue-chun-qiu" >Wu Yue Chun Qiu</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=80223&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yue-jue-shu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="yue-jue-shu" >Yue Jue Shu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="zhan-guo-ce" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="zhan-guo-ce" >Zhan Guo Ce</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yan-tie-lun" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="yan-tie-lun" >Yan Tie Lun</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="lie-nv-zhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="lie-nv-zhuan" >Lie Nü Zhuan</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="guliang-zhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="guliang-zhuan" >Guliang Zhuan</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="gongyang-zhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="gongyang-zhuan" >Gongyang Zhuan</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="han-shu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="han-shu" >Han Shu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="qian-han-ji" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="qian-han-ji" >Qian Han Ji</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dong-guan-han-ji" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="dong-guan-han-ji" >Dong Guan Han Ji</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="hou-han-shu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="hou-han-shu" >Hou Han Shu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="zhushu-jinian" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="zhushu-jinian" >Zhushu Jinian</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="mutianzi-zhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="mutianzi-zhuan" >Mutianzi Zhuan</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="gu-san-fen" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="gu-san-fen" >Gu San Fen</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yandanzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="yandanzi" >Yandanzi</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="xijing-zaji" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="xijing-zaji" >Xijing Zaji</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47093" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47093" href="ancient-classics" >Ancient Classics</a><br /> <span 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return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shang-shu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shang-shu" >Shang Shu</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=47374&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="book-of-changes" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="book-of-changes" >Book of Changes</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="rites-of-zhou" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="rites-of-zhou" >The Rites of Zhou</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="chu-ci" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="chu-ci" >Chu Ci</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yili" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="yili" >Yili</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shan-hai-jing" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shan-hai-jing" >Shan Hai Jing</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="jiaoshi-yilin" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="jiaoshi-yilin" >Jiaoshi Yilin</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="jingshi-yizhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="jingshi-yizhuan" >Jingshi Yizhuan</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shishuo" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shishuo" >Shi Shuo</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47104" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47104" href="etymology" >Etymology</a><br /> <span class="subcontents">　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shuo-wen-jie-zi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shuo-wen-jie-zi" >Shuo Wen Jie Zi</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="er-ya" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="er-ya" >Er Ya</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=41630&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: 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>Ji Jiu Pian</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x80226" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m80226" href="chinese-medicine" >Chinese Medicine</a><br /> <span class="subcontents">　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="huangdi-neijing" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="huangdi-neijing" >Huangdi Neijing</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="nan-jing" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="nan-jing" >Nan Jing</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shang-han-lun" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shang-han-lun" >Shang Han Lun</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="jinkui-yaolue" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="jinkui-yaolue" >Jinkui Yaolue</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x82944" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m82944" href="excavated-texts" >Excavated texts</a><br /> <span class="subcontents">　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="guodian" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="guodian" >Guodian</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="mawangdui" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="mawangdui" >Mawangdui</a><br /> </span></span> <br /> <div class="menuitem listhead"><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m89488" href="post-han" >Post-Han</a><br /> </div><span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x90478" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m90478" href="wei-jin-and-north-south" >Wei, Jin, and North-South</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=90561&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<a class="menuitem" id="m90479" href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu" >道德真經註</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shi-shuo-xin-yu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="shi-shuo-xin-yu" >世說新語</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yan-shi-jia-xun" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="yan-shi-jia-xun" >顏氏家訓</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="wenxin-diaolong" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="wenxin-diaolong" >文心雕龍</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="baopuzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="baopuzi" >抱朴子</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="renwuzhi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="renwuzhi" >人物志</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="jinlouzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="jinlouzi" >金樓子</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shui-jing-zhu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="shui-jing-zhu" >水經注</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shen-xian-zhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="shen-xian-zhuan" >神仙傳</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="sanguozhi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="sanguozhi" >三國志</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="gaoshizhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="gaoshizhuan" >高士傳</a><br /> 　<a class="menuitem" id="m649377" href="shenyijing" >神異經</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dongmingji" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="dongmingji" >洞冥記</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x278826" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m278826" href="sui-tang" >Sui-Tang</a><br /> <span class="subcontents">　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="qunshu-zhiyao" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="qunshu-zhiyao" >群書治要</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yiwen-leiju" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="yiwen-leiju" >藝文類聚</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="tongdian" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="tongdian" >通典</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yilin" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="yilin" >意林</a><br /> 　<a class="menuitem" id="m649043" href="yinfujing" >黃帝陰符經</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x90471" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m90471" href="song-ming" >Song-Ming</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=90476&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="si-shu-zhang-ju-ji-zhu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: 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style="font-weight: bold;" href="quantangshi" >Quan Tang Shi</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="kangxi-zidian" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="kangxi-zidian" >Kangxi Zidian</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="rulin-waishi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="rulin-waishi" >The Scholars</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x90473" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m90473" href="republican-era" >Republican era</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=52382&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="mo-jing-jiao-shi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="mo-jing-jiao-shi" >墨經校釋</a><br /> </span></span> <div class="menuitem listhead opt"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="notes">Notes</a></div><div class="menuitem listhead"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="resource.pl?node=3925&if=en">Resources</a></div><div class="menuitem listhead"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="dictionary.pl?if=en">Dictionary</a></div><div class="menuitem listhead"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="discuss.pl?if=en">Discussion</a></div><div class="menuitem listhead"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="library.pl?if=en">Library</a></div><div class="menuitem listhead"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="wiki.pl?if=en">Wiki</a></div><div class="menuitem listhead"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="datawiki.pl?if=en">Data Wiki</a></div></div> <div id="search"> <form id="searchform" method="get" action="text.pl"> Search <select name="node" class="booklistbox"><option value="3925" >Pre-Qin and Han</option> <option value="47084" >Confucianism</option> <option value="1081" > The Analects</option> <option value="1602" > Mengzi</option> <option value="9479" > Liji</option> <option value="12245" > Xunzi</option> <option value="20992" > Xiao Jing</option> <option value="21511" > Shuo Yuan</option> <option value="22853" > Chun Qiu Fan Lu</option> <option value="39642" > Han Shi Wai Zhuan</option> <option value="44430" > Da Dai Li Ji</option> <option value="52839" > Bai Hu Tong</option> <option value="53345" > Xin Shu</option> <option value="53728" > Xin Xu</option> <option value="60991" > Yangzi Fayan</option> <option value="83378" > Zhong Lun</option> <option value="84338" > Kongzi Jiayu</option> <option value="84867" > Qian Fu Lun</option> <option value="280221" > Lunheng</option> <option value="283871" > Tai Xuan Jing</option> <option value="284846" > Fengsu Tongyi</option> <option value="285366" > Kongcongzi</option> <option value="601774" > Shen Jian</option> <option value="646727" > Zhong Jing</option> <option value="646765" > Su Shu</option> <option value="646861" > Xin Yu</option> <option value="646956" > Du Duan</option> <option value="648405" > Cai Zhong Lang Ji</option> <option value="47085" >Mohism</option> <option value="101" > Mozi</option> <option value="37562" > Mo Bian Zhu Xu</option> <option value="47086" >Daoism</option> <option value="2712" > Zhuangzi</option> <option value="11591" > Dao De Jing</option> <option value="37397" > Liezi</option> <option value="37403" >  天瑞</option> <option value="37418" >  黃帝</option> <option value="37440" >  周穆王</option> <option value="37450" >  仲尼</option> <option value="37467" >  湯問</option> <option value="37485" selected="selected">  力命</option> <option value="37500" >  楊朱</option> <option value="37518" >  說符</option> <option value="50769" > He Guan Zi</option> <option value="58487" > Wenzi</option> <option value="279897" > Wen Shi Zhen Jing</option> <option value="285604" > Lie Xian Zhuan</option> <option value="647075" > Yuzi</option> <option value="648877" > Heshanggong Laozi</option> <option value="47087" >Legalism</option> <option value="1879" > Hanfeizi</option> <option value="47107" > Shang Jun Shu</option> <option value="47108" > Shen Bu Hai</option> <option value="47109" > Shenzi</option> <option value="47384" > Jian Zhu Ke Shu</option> <option value="48150" > Guanzi</option> <option value="47088" >School of Names</option> <option value="11553" > Gongsunlongzi</option> <option value="47089" >School of the Military</option> <option value="20908" > The Art of War</option> <option value="41678" > Wu Zi</option> <option value="41730" > Liu Tao</option> <option value="43273" > Si Ma Fa</option> <option value="43348" > Wei Liao Zi</option> <option value="50828" > Three Strategies</option> <option value="47090" >Mathematics</option> <option value="45173" > Hai Dao Suan Jing</option> <option value="51058" > The Nine Chapters</option> <option value="52053" > Sunzi Suan Jing</option> <option value="59424" > Zhou Bi Suan Jing</option> <option value="47091" >Miscellaneous Schools</option> <option value="3022" > Huainanzi</option> <option value="23107" > Lü Shi Chun Qiu</option> <option value="39963" > Gui Gu Zi</option> <option value="41543" > Yin Wen Zi</option> <option value="41632" > Deng Xi Zi</option> <option value="47092" >Histories</option> <option value="4474" > Shiji</option> <option value="16949" > Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan</option> <option value="24161" > Lost Book of Zhou</option> <option value="24449" > Guo Yu</option> <option value="43540" > Yanzi Chun Qiu</option> <option value="47648" > Wu Yue Chun Qiu</option> <option value="49118" > Yue Jue Shu</option> <option value="49462" > Zhan Guo Ce</option> <option value="52405" > Yan Tie Lun</option> <option value="53989" > Lie Nü Zhuan</option> <option value="55039" > Guliang Zhuan</option> <option value="56444" > Gongyang Zhuan</option> <option value="61664" > Han Shu</option> <option value="68780" > Qian Han Ji</option> <option value="69121" > Dong Guan Han Ji</option> <option value="71480" > Hou Han Shu</option> <option value="282742" > Zhushu Jinian</option> <option value="283502" > Mutianzi Zhuan</option> <option value="646779" > Gu San Fen</option> <option value="647105" > Yandanzi</option> <option value="647120" > Xijing Zaji</option> <option value="47093" >Ancient Classics</option> <option value="13985" > Book of Poetry</option> <option value="21030" > Shang Shu</option> <option value="25002" > Book of Changes</option> <option value="36554" > The Rites of Zhou</option> <option value="51791" > Chu Ci</option> <option value="54566" > Yili</option> <option value="83479" > Shan Hai Jing</option> <option value="85326" > Jiaoshi Yilin</option> <option value="280082" > Jingshi Yizhuan</option> <option value="283542" > Shi Shuo</option> <option value="47104" >Etymology</option> <option value="26160" > Shuo Wen Jie Zi</option> <option value="37567" > Er Ya</option> <option value="40087" > Shi Ming</option> <option value="45207" > Fang Yan</option> <option value="279526" > Ji Jiu Pian</option> <option value="80226" >Chinese Medicine</option> <option value="80228" > Huangdi Neijing</option> <option value="81934" > Nan Jing</option> <option value="281911" > Shang Han Lun</option> <option value="647268" > Jinkui Yaolue</option> <option value="82944" >Excavated texts</option> <option value="82945" > Guodian</option> <option value="82987" > Mawangdui</option> <option value="89488" >Post-Han</option> <option value="90478" >Wei, Jin, and North-South</option> <option value="90479" > 道德真經註</option> <option value="90746" > 世說新語</option> <option value="91913" > 顏氏家訓</option> <option value="108160" > 文心雕龍</option> <option value="277835" > 抱朴子</option> <option value="279273" > 人物志</option> <option value="287513" > 金樓子</option> <option value="568082" > 水經注</option> <option value="585926" > 神仙傳</option> <option value="601873" > 三國志</option> <option value="604745" > 高士傳</option> <option value="649377" > 神異經</option> <option value="649426" > 洞冥記</option> <option value="278826" >Sui-Tang</option> <option value="278827" > 群書治要</option> <option value="539864" > 藝文類聚</option> <option value="552245" > 通典</option> <option value="566532" > 意林</option> <option value="649043" > 黃帝陰符經</option> <option value="90471" >Song-Ming</option> <option value="89489" > 四書章句集注</option> <option value="90563" > Three Character Classic</option> <option value="92202" > 論語注疏</option> <option value="93274" > 西遊記</option> <option value="97135" > Romance of the Three Kingdoms</option> <option value="100830" > 金瓶梅</option> <option value="285817" > 封神演義</option> <option value="288029" > 廣韻</option> <option value="361551" > 孝經注疏</option> <option value="361857" > 太平御覽</option> <option value="570777" > 太平廣記</option> <option value="586142" > 朱子語類</option> <option value="649226" > 宋景文公筆記</option> <option value="649494" > 棋經</option> <option value="649521" > 郁離子</option> <option value="90472" >Qing</option> <option value="10473" > Mozi Jiangu</option> <option value="103345" > Hong Lou Meng</option> <option value="108540" > Quan Tang Shi</option> <option value="317453" > Kangxi Zidian</option> <option value="565462" > The Scholars</option> <option value="90473" >Republican era</option> <option value="52326" > 墨經校釋</option> </select> for:<br /> <input type="hidden" name="if" id="if" value="en" /> <input type="text" name="searchu" size="20" value="" class="searchbox" /><br /> <input type="submit" value="Search" /> <span 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tids=document.getElementById('m37485'); if(tids) { tids.className = 'menuselected'; } var tids2=document.getElementById('x37397'); if(tids2) { tids2.setAttribute('class','sprite-unexpand'); tids2.setAttribute('className','sprite-unexpand'); tids2.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('span')[0].style.display="inline"; } var tids2=document.getElementById('x47086'); if(tids2) { tids2.setAttribute('class','sprite-unexpand'); tids2.setAttribute('className','sprite-unexpand'); tids2.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('span')[0].style.display="inline"; } </script> <div id="content3"><table width='100%'><tr><td><h2>《力命》</h2></td><td></td><td align='right'><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-backlink" title="" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=37485&if=en&menu=none&ref=only','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;"><div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><span class='etext opt'><b><a href="#" class="popup" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=37485&if=en&menu=none&ref=only','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Books referencing 《力命》</a></b></span> <a href="#" class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" onClick="if(document.getElementById('listscans37485').style.display!='block') {document.getElementById('listscans37485').style.display='block'; } else {document.getElementById('listscans37485').style.display='none';} return false;">Library Resources</a><div id="listscans37485" style="display: none; position: relative; width: 300px; margin: 5px; "><span class="etext" style="display: block; width: 300px; background: #DDDDDD; border: 2px solid; text-align: left; position: absolute; z-index: 50;"><a href="library.pl?if=en&file=77890&page=82"><b>底本：《四部叢刊初編》本《沖虛至德真經》：力命</b></a><br /><a href="library.pl?if=en&file=73496&page=47">《乾隆御覽四庫全書薈要》本《列子》：力命</a><br /><a href="library.pl?if=en&file=28685&page=2">《列子》：力命</a><br /><a href="library.pl?if=en&res=221">《欽定四庫全書》本《沖虛至德真經解》</a><br /><a href="library.pl?if=en&file=53729&page=3">《欽定四庫全書》本《列子》：力命</a><br /><a href="library.pl?if=en&file=82934&page=2">《湖海樓叢書》本《列子》：力命</a><br /><a href="library.pl?if=en&res=2575">《列子鬳齋口義》</a><br /><a href="library.pl?if=en&res=2552">《沖虛至德真經四解》</a><br /><div style="width: 100%; text-align: right;">[<a href="library.pl?if=en&node=37397">Show all</a>]</div></span><div style="clear: both; width: 300px;"></div></div></td></tr></table> <div id="comm37485"></div><table border="0"> <tr id="n37486"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="liezi/li-ming#n37486" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">1</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=37486" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="text.pl?node=37486&if=en&show=parallel" class="sprite-parallel" title="Show parallel passages" >Show parallel passages<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">力命:</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm37486"></div>力謂命曰：「若之功奚若我哉？」命曰：「汝奚功於物，而欲比朕？」力曰：「壽夭、窮達、貴賤、貧富，我力之所能也。」命曰：「彭祖之智不出堯、舜之上，而壽八百；顏淵之才不出眾人之下，而壽十八。仲尼之德。不出諸侯之下，而困於陳，蔡；殷紂之行，不出三仁之上，而居君位。季札无爵於吳，田恆專有齊國。夷、齊餓於首陽，季氏富於展禽。若是汝力之所能，柰何壽彼而夭此，窮聖而達逆，賤賢而貴愚，貧善而富惡邪？」力曰：「若如若言，我固无功於物，而物若此邪，此則若之所制邪？」命曰：「既謂之命，柰何有制之者邪？朕直而推之，曲而任之。自壽自夭，自窮自達，自貴自賤，自富自貧，朕豈能識之哉？朕豈能識之哉？」<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n37487"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="liezi/li-ming#n37487" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">2</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=37487" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">力命:</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm37487"></div>北宮子謂西門子曰：「朕與子並世也，而人子達；並族也，而人子敬；並貌也，而人子愛；並言也，而人子庸；並行也，而人子誠；並仕也，而人子貴；並農也，而人子富；並商也，而人子利。朕衣則裋褐，食則粢糲，居則蓬室，出則徒行。子衣則文錦，食則粱肉，居則連欐，出則結駟。在家熙然有棄朕之心，在朝諤然有敖朕之色。請謁不相及，遨游不同行，固有年矣。子自以德過朕邪？」西門子曰：「予无以知其實。汝造事而窮，予造事而達，此厚薄之驗歟？而皆謂與予並，汝之顏厚矣。」北宮子无以應，自失而歸。中途遇東郭先生。先生曰：「汝奚往而反，偊偊而步，有深愧之色邪？」北宮子言其狀。東郭先生曰：『吾將舍汝之愧，與汝更之西門氏而問之。「曰：「汝奚辱北宮子之深乎？固且言之。」西門子曰：「北宮子言世族、年貌、言行與予並，而賤貴、貧富與予異。予語之曰：『予无以知其實。汝造事而窮，予造事而達，此將厚薄之驗歟？而皆謂與予並，汝之顏厚矣。』」東郭先生曰：「汝之言厚薄，不過言才德之差，吾之言厚薄異於是矣。夫北宮子厚於德，薄於命；汝厚於命，薄於德。汝之達，非智得也；北宮子之窮，非愚失也。皆天也，非人也。而汝以命厚自矜，北宮子以德厚自愧，皆不識夫固然之理矣。」西門子曰：「先生止矣！予不敢復言。」北宮子既歸，衣其裋褐，有狐貉之溫；進其茙菽，有稻粱之味；庇其蓬室，若廣廈之蔭；乘其篳輅，若文軒之飾。終身逌然，不知榮辱之在彼也，在我也。東郭先生聞之曰：「北宮子之寐久矣，一言而能寤，易悟也哉！」<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n37488"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="liezi/li-ming#n37488" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">3</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=37488" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="text.pl?node=37488&if=en&show=parallel" class="sprite-parallel" title="Show parallel passages" >Show parallel passages<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">力命:</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm37488"></div>管夷吾、鮑叔牙二人相友甚戚，同處於齊。管夷吾事公子糾，鮑叔牙事公子小白。齊公族多寵，嫡庶並行。國人懼亂。管仲與召忽奉公子糾奔魯，鮑叔奉公子小白奔莒。既而公孫无知作亂，齊无君，二公子爭入。管夷吾與小白戰於莒道，射中小白帶鉤。小白既立，脅魯殺子糾，召忽死之，管夷吾被囚。鮑叔牙謂桓公曰：「管夷吾能，可以治國。」桓公曰：『我讎也，願殺之。「鮑叔牙曰：」吾聞賢君无私怨，且人能為其主，亦必能為人君。如欲霸王，非夷吾其弗可。君必舍之！「遂召管仲。魯歸之齊，鮑叔牙郊迎，釋其囚。桓公禮之，而位於高、國之上，鮑叔牙以身下之，任以國政。號曰仲父。桓公遂霸。管仲嘗歎曰：「吾少窮困時，嘗與鮑叔<sup class="refindex">1</sup>賈，分財多自與；鮑叔不以我為貪知我貧也。吾嘗為鮑叔謀事而大窮困，鮑叔不以我為愚，知時有利不利也。吾嘗三仕，三見逐於君，鮑叔不以我為不肖，知我不遭時也。吾嘗三戰三北，鮑叔不以我為怯，知我有老母也。公子糾敗，召忽死之，吾幽囚受辱；鮑叔不以我為无恥，知我不羞小節，而恥名不顯於天下也。生我者父母，知我者鮑叔也！」此世稱管、鮑善交者，小白善用能者。然實无善交，實无用能也。實无善交實无用能者，非更有善交、更有善用能也。召忽非能死，不得不死；鮑叔非能舉賢，不得不舉；小白非能用讎，不得不用。及管夷吾有病，小白問之曰：「仲父之病病矣，可不諱云，至於大病，則寡人惡乎屬國而可？」夷吾曰：「公誰欲歟？」小白曰：「鮑叔牙可。」曰：「不可。其為人潔廉善士也，其於不己若者不比之人，一聞人之過，終身不忘。使之理國，上且鉤乎君，下且逆乎民。其得罪於君也，將弗久矣。」小白曰：「然則孰可？」對曰：「勿已，則隰朋可。其為人也，上忘而下不叛，愧其不若黃帝，而哀不己若者。以德分人，謂之聖人；以財分人，謂之賢人。以賢臨人，未有得人者也；以賢下人者，未有不得人者也。其於國有不聞也，其於家有不見也。勿已，則隰朋可。」然則管夷吾非薄鮑叔也，不得不薄；非厚隰朋也，不得不厚。厚之於始，或薄之於終；薄之於終，或厚之於始。厚薄之去來，弗由我也。<p class="refs">1. 時，嘗與鮑叔 : <span class="etext">Originally read: </span>"□□□□□". 據《道臧》補<br /></p></td></tr> <tr id="n37489"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="liezi/li-ming#n37489" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">4</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=37489" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="text.pl?node=37489&if=en&show=parallel" class="sprite-parallel" title="Show parallel passages" >Show parallel passages<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">力命:</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm37489"></div>鄧析操兩可之說，設无窮之辭，當子產執政，作《竹刑》。鄭國用之，數難子產之治。子產屈之。子產執而戮之，俄而誅之。然則子產非能用《竹刑》，不得不用；鄧析非能屈子產，不得不屈；子產非能誅鄧析，不得不誅也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n37490"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="liezi/li-ming#n37490" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">5</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=37490" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="text.pl?node=37490&if=en&show=parallel" class="sprite-parallel" title="Show parallel passages" >Show parallel passages<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">力命:</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm37490"></div>可以生而生，天福也；可以死而死，天福也。可以生而不生，天罰也；可以死而不死，天罰也。可以生，可以死，得生得死，有矣；不可以生，不可以死，或死或生，有矣。然而生生死死，非物非我，皆命也，智之所无柰何。故曰：「窈然无際，天道自會，漠然无分，天道自運。天地不能犯，聖智不能干，鬼魅不能欺。自然者，默之成之，平之寧之，將之迎之。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n37491"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="liezi/li-ming#n37491" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">6</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=37491" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="text.pl?node=37491&if=en&show=parallel" class="sprite-parallel" title="Show parallel passages" >Show parallel passages<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">力命:</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm37491"></div>楊朱之友曰季梁。季梁得疾，十日大漸。其子環而泣之，請醫。季梁謂楊朱曰：「吾子不肖如此之甚，汝奚不為我歌以曉之？」楊朱歌曰：「天其弗識，人胡能覺？匪祐自天，弗孽由人。我乎汝乎！其弗知乎！醫乎巫乎！其知之乎？」其子弗曉終謁三醫。一曰矯氏，二曰俞氏，三曰盧氏，診其所疾。矯氏謂季梁曰：「汝寒溫不節，虛實失度，病由飢飽色欲。精慮煩散，非天非鬼，雖漸，可攻也。」季梁曰：「眾醫也，亟屏之！」俞氏曰：「女始則胎氣不足，乳湩有餘。病非一朝一夕之故，其所由來漸矣，弗可已也。」季梁曰：「良醫也，且食之！」盧氏曰：「汝疾不由天，亦不由人，亦不由鬼。稟生受形，既有制之者矣，亦有知之者矣，藥石其如汝何？」季梁曰：「神醫也，重貺遣之！」俄而季梁之疾自瘳。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n37492"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="liezi/li-ming#n37492" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">7</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=37492" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="text.pl?node=37492&if=en&show=parallel" class="sprite-parallel" title="Show parallel passages" >Show parallel passages<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">力命:</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm37492"></div>生非貴之所能存，身非愛之所能厚；生亦非賤之所能夭，身亦非輕之所能薄。故貴之或不生，賤之或不死；愛之亦不厚，輕之或不薄。此似反也，非反也；此自生自死，自厚自薄。或貴之而生，或賤之而死；或愛之而厚，或輕之而薄。此似順也，非順也，此亦自生自死，自厚自薄。鬻熊語文王曰：「自長非所增，自短非所損。算之所亡若何？」老聃語關尹曰：「天之所惡，孰知其故？」言迎天意，揣利害，不如其已。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n37493"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="liezi/li-ming#n37493" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">8</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=37493" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="text.pl?node=37493&if=en&show=parallel" class="sprite-parallel" title="Show parallel passages" >Show parallel passages<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">力命:</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm37493"></div>楊布問曰：「有人於此，年兄弟也，言兄弟也，才兄弟也，貌兄弟也；而壽夭父子也，貴賤父子也，名譽父子也，愛憎父子也。吾惑之。」楊子曰：「古之人有言，吾嘗識之，將以告若。不知所以然而然，命也。今昏昏昧昧，紛紛若若，隨所為，隨所不為。日去日來，孰能知其故？皆命也。夫信命者亡壽夭，信理者亡是非；信心者亡逆順信性者亡安危。則謂之都亡所信，亡所不信。真矣，愨矣，奚去奚就？奚哀奚樂？奚為奚不為？黃帝之書云：『至人居若死，動若械。』亦不知所以居，亦不知所以不居；亦不知所以動，亦不知所以不動。亦不以眾人之觀易其情貌，亦不謂眾人之不觀不易其情貌。獨往獨來，獨出獨入，孰能礙之？」<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n37494"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="liezi/li-ming#n37494" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">9</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=37494" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">力命:</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm37494"></div>墨杘、單至、嘽咺、憋懯四人相與游於世，胥如志也；窮年不相知情，自以智之深也。巧佞、愚直、婩斫、便辟四人相與游於世，胥如志也；窮年而不相語術，自以巧之微也。㺒㤉、情露、謇極、凌誶四人相與游於世，胥如志也；窮年不相曉悟，自以為才之得也。眠娗、諈諉、勇敢、怯疑四人相與游於世，胥如志也；窮年不相讁發，自以行无戾也。多偶、自專、乘權、隻立四人相與游於世，胥如志也；窮年不相顧眄，自以時之適也。此眾態也。貌不一，而咸之於道，命所歸也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n37495"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="liezi/li-ming#n37495" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">10</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=37495" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="text.pl?node=37495&if=en&show=parallel" class="sprite-parallel" title="Show parallel passages" >Show parallel passages<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">力命:</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm37495"></div>佹佹成者，俏成也，初非成也。佹佹敗者，俏敗者也，初非敗也。故迷生於俏，俏之際昧然。於俏而不昧然，則不駭外禍，不喜內福；隨時動，隨時止，智不能知也。信命者，於彼我无二心。於彼我而有二心者，不若揜目塞耳，背坂面隍，亦不墜仆也。故曰：死生自命也，貧窮自時也。怨夭折者，不知命者也；怨貧窮者，不知時者也。當死不懼，在窮不戚，知命安時也。其使多智之人，量利害，料虛實，度人情，得亦中，亡亦中。其少智之人，不量利害，不料虛實，不度人情，得亦中，亡亦中。量與不量，料與不料，度與不度，奚以異？唯亡所量，亡所不量，則全而亡喪。亦非知全，亦非知喪，自全也，自亡也，自喪也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n37496"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="liezi/li-ming#n37496" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">11</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=37496" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="text.pl?node=37496&if=en&show=parallel" class="sprite-parallel" title="Show parallel passages" >Show parallel passages<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">力命:</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm37496"></div>齊景公游於牛山，北臨其國城而流涕曰：「美哉國乎！鬱鬱芊芊，若何滴滴去此國而死乎？使古无死者，寡人將去斯而之何？」史孔、梁丘據皆從而泣曰：「臣賴君之賜，跪食惡肉，可得而食，駑馬稜車，可得而乘也，且猶不欲死，而況吾君乎？」晏子獨笑於旁。公雪涕而顧晏子曰：「寡人今日之游悲。孔與據皆從寡人而泣，子之獨笑，何也？」晏子對曰：「使賢者常守之，則太公、桓公將常守之矣；使有勇者而常守之，則莊公、靈公將常守之矣。數君者將守之，吾君方將被蓑笠而立乎畎畝之中，唯事之恤，行假念死乎？則吾君又安得此位而立焉？以其迭處之，迭去之，至於君也，而獨為之流涕，是不仁也。見不仁之君，見諂諛之臣；臣見此二者，臣之所為獨竊笑也。」景公慚焉，舉觴自罰；罰二臣者，各二觴焉。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n37497"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="liezi/li-ming#n37497" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">12</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=37497" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="text.pl?node=37497&if=en&show=parallel" class="sprite-parallel" title="Show parallel passages" >Show parallel passages<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">力命:</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm37497"></div>魏人有東門吳者，其子死而不憂。其相室曰：「公之愛子，天下无有。今子死不憂，何也？」東門吳曰：「吾常无子，无子之時不憂。今子死，乃與嚮无子同，臣奚憂焉？」<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n37498"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="liezi/li-ming#n37498" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">13</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=37498" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">力命:</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm37498"></div>農赴時，商趣利，工追術，仕逐勢，勢使然也。然農有水旱，商有得失，工有成敗，仕有遇否，命使然也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> </table><div style="margin-right: 10px;"></div><div style="width: 100%; clear: both;"></div><style>.urnlabel {opacity: 0.2; float: right;} .urnlabel:hover { opacity: 0.8;}</style><div class="urnlabel etext"><a href="tools/api#urn" class="noul">URN</a>: <span title="This is the CTP URN that uniquely identifies this textual resource.">ctp:liezi/li-ming</span></div><div style="clear: both"></div></div> </div> <div id="footer"><hr /> <table width="100%"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <table border="0"><tr><td class="etext"><b>Enjoy<span class="opt"> this site</span>? <a href="help-us">Please help</a>.</b></td><td class="etext"><i>Site design and content <a href="faq#copyright">copyright 2006-2025</a>.<span class="opt"> When quoting or citing 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