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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Construction_and_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_and_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Construction and use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction_and_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dog_travois" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dog_travois"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dog travois</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dog_travois-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horse_travois" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horse_travois"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Horse travois</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horse_travois-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_ways_to_use_a_travois" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_ways_to_use_a_travois"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other ways to use a travois</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_ways_to_use_a_travois-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Travois_tracks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Travois_tracks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Travois tracks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Travois_tracks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B0" title="Травуа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Травуа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travois" title="Travois – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Travois" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travois" title="Travois – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Travois" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stangenschleife" title="Stangenschleife – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stangenschleife" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aislohisti" title="Aislohisti – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aislohisti" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A8gia" title="Trègia – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Trègia" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travois" title="Travois – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Travois" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travois" title="Travois – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Travois" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travois" title="Travois – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Travois" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treggia" title="Treggia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Treggia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevojs" title="Trevojs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Trevojs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travua" title="Travua – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Travua" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Волока (повозка) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Волока (повозка)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purilaat" title="Purilaat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Purilaat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%AAsto%27eeseo%27o" title="Amêsto'eeseo'o – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Amêsto'eeseo'o" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8)" title="Волокуша (сани) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Волокуша (сани)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retug" title="Retug – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Retug" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E7%AC%AC%E5%AE%89%E9%9B%AA%E6%A9%87" title="印第安雪橇 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印第安雪橇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q949220#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Cheyenne_using_travois.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyenne</a> family using a horse-drawn travois, 1890.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>travois</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Canadian_French" title="Canadian French">Canadian French</a>, from <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">travail</i></span>; also <b>travoise</b> or <b>travoy</b>) is an A-frame structure that was used to drag loads over land, most notably by the <a href="/wiki/Plains_Indians" title="Plains Indians">Plains Indians</a> of North America.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction_and_use">Construction and use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Travois&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Construction and use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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.trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:158px;max-width:158px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:164px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blackfoot_travois_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blackfoot_travois_1.jpg/156px-Blackfoot_travois_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blackfoot_travois_1.jpg/234px-Blackfoot_travois_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blackfoot_travois_1.jpg/312px-Blackfoot_travois_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="634" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:164px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blackfoot_travois_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Blackfoot_travois_3.jpg/128px-Blackfoot_travois_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Blackfoot_travois_3.jpg/192px-Blackfoot_travois_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Blackfoot_travois_3.jpg/256px-Blackfoot_travois_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="573" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">Travois designs used by the <a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackfoot people">Blackfoot people</a></div></div></div></div> <p>The basic construction consists of a platform or netting mounted on two long poles, <a href="/wiki/Lashing_(ropework)" title="Lashing (ropework)">lashed</a> in the shape of an <a href="/wiki/A-frame" title="A-frame">A-frame</a>; the frame was dragged with the sharply pointed end forward. Sometimes the blunt end of the frame was stabilized by a third pole bound across the two poles. </p><p>The travois was dragged by hand, sometimes fitted with a shoulder harness for more efficient dragging, or dragged by <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dogs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horses</a> (after the 16th-century introduction of horses by the Spanish). </p><p>A travois could either be loaded by piling goods atop the bare frame and tying them in place, or by first stretching cloth or leather over the frame to hold the load to be dragged. </p><p>Although considered more primitive than <a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">wheel</a>-based forms of transport, on the type of territory where the travois was used (forest floors, soft soil, snow, etc.), rather than roadways, wheels would have encountered difficulties which would have made them less efficient. As such the travois was employed by <i><a href="/wiki/Coureur_des_bois" title="Coureur des bois">coureurs des bois</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>'s <a href="/wiki/North_American_fur_trade" title="North American fur trade">fur trade</a> with the Plains Tribes. </p><p>It is possible for a person to transport more weight on a travois than can be carried on the back. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dog_travois">Dog travois</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Travois&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dog travois"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dog_with_travois._Detail_of_Karl_Bodmer_painting_-_A_Skin_Lodge_of_an_Assiniboin_Chief.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dog_with_travois._Detail_of_Karl_Bodmer_painting_-_A_Skin_Lodge_of_an_Assiniboin_Chief.jpg/220px-Dog_with_travois._Detail_of_Karl_Bodmer_painting_-_A_Skin_Lodge_of_an_Assiniboin_Chief.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dog_with_travois._Detail_of_Karl_Bodmer_painting_-_A_Skin_Lodge_of_an_Assiniboin_Chief.jpg/330px-Dog_with_travois._Detail_of_Karl_Bodmer_painting_-_A_Skin_Lodge_of_an_Assiniboin_Chief.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dog_with_travois._Detail_of_Karl_Bodmer_painting_-_A_Skin_Lodge_of_an_Assiniboin_Chief.jpg/440px-Dog_with_travois._Detail_of_Karl_Bodmer_painting_-_A_Skin_Lodge_of_an_Assiniboin_Chief.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1317" data-file-height="969" /></a><figcaption>Dog with a travois in an <a href="/wiki/Assiniboine" title="Assiniboine">Assiniboine</a> camp on the Upper <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri River</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The basic dog travois consists of two aspen or cottonwood poles notched and lashed together at one end with buffalo sinew; the other ends rest splayed apart. Cross-bars are lashed between the poles near the splayed ends, and the finished frame looks like a large letter A with extra cross-bars. The apex of the A, wrapped in buffalo skin to prevent friction burns, rests on a dog's shoulders, while the splayed ends drag over the ground ... First Nations women both built the travois and managed the dogs, sometimes using toy travois to train the puppies. Buffalo meat and firewood were typical travois loads.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a></i>, "The dog travois of pre-European times was small, capable of pulling not more than 20 to 30 kg."<sup id="cite_ref-canencyc_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canencyc-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Travel by dog travois was slower in hot weather, which is tiring for dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dog travois can be seen in the paintings of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Bodmer" title="Karl Bodmer">Karl Bodmer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dogtravois_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dogtravois-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Horse_travois">Horse travois</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Travois&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Horse travois"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the mid-18th century, the dog travois had given way to the horse travois.<sup id="cite_ref-dogtravois_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dogtravois-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i>The Canadian Encyclopedia</i>, "When dogs were replaced by horses, the greater pulling power allowed tipis to increase in size and household goods to multiply."<sup id="cite_ref-canencyc_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canencyc-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Native Languages of the Americas website relates that: </p> <blockquote> <p>After horses were introduced to North America, many Plains Indian tribes began to make larger horse-drawn travois. Instead of making specially constructed travois sleds, they would simply cross a pair of <a href="/wiki/Tipi" title="Tipi">tepee poles</a> across the horse's back and attach a burden platform between the poles behind the horse. This served two purposes at once, as the horses could then simultaneously carry the tepee poles and some additional baggage. Horses, of course, could pull much greater weight than dogs. Children often rode in the back of horse travois.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>When traveling with a travois, it was traditional for <a href="/wiki/Confederated_Salish_and_Kootenai_Tribes_of_the_Flathead_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation">Salish</a> people to leave the tipi poles behind at the camp "for use by the next tribe or family to camp there."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A horse travois can be made with either A-frame or H-frame construction.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_ways_to_use_a_travois">Other ways to use a travois</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Travois&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other ways to use a travois"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The travois served the Native Americans in a number of ingenious ways. Before the use of horses, Blackfoot women made a curved fence of dog travois’ tied together, front end up, to hold driven animals enclosed until the hunters could kill them.<sup id="cite_ref-Ewers1988_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ewers1988-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 9">: 9 </span></sup> When the women put up a tipi, they placed an upright horse travois against a tipi pole and used it as a ladder so they could attach the two upper sides of the lodge cover with wooden pins.<sup id="cite_ref-Point1967_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Point1967-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: xi">: xi </span></sup> A travois leaned against a branch of a tree functioned as a simple burial scaffold for a dead Crow baby tied to it.<sup id="cite_ref-Riebeth1985_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riebeth1985-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 57">: 57 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Travois_tracks">Travois tracks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Travois&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Travois tracks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>What today is known as the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Trail-Travois_Road" title="Lewis and Clark Trail-Travois Road">Lewis and Clark Trail-Travois Road</a>, and Montana's <a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Pass_(Montana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis and Clark Pass (Montana)">Lewis and Clark Pass</a> were areas heavily traveled where travois "were dragged over the trail, causing deep, parallel tracks to mark the earth," which are still visible today.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remains of travois tracks can also be seen at the <a href="/wiki/Knife_River_Indian_Villages_National_Historic_Site" title="Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site">Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site</a>. </p><p>There is archeological evidence to support the thesis that travois were used in other parts of the world before the invention of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_road_transport" title="History of road transport">wheel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Travois&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 159.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 157.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_Klondikers_with_dogs_packing_supplies_along_the_Chilkoot_Trail_near_Dyea,_Alaska,_1897_(LAROCHE_111).jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dog-travois, Alaska 1897"><img alt="Dog-travois, Alaska 1897" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Two_Klondikers_with_dogs_packing_supplies_along_the_Chilkoot_Trail_near_Dyea%2C_Alaska%2C_1897_%28LAROCHE_111%29.jpeg/236px-Two_Klondikers_with_dogs_packing_supplies_along_the_Chilkoot_Trail_near_Dyea%2C_Alaska%2C_1897_%28LAROCHE_111%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="158" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Two_Klondikers_with_dogs_packing_supplies_along_the_Chilkoot_Trail_near_Dyea%2C_Alaska%2C_1897_%28LAROCHE_111%29.jpeg/354px-Two_Klondikers_with_dogs_packing_supplies_along_the_Chilkoot_Trail_near_Dyea%2C_Alaska%2C_1897_%28LAROCHE_111%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Two_Klondikers_with_dogs_packing_supplies_along_the_Chilkoot_Trail_near_Dyea%2C_Alaska%2C_1897_%28LAROCHE_111%29.jpeg/472px-Two_Klondikers_with_dogs_packing_supplies_along_the_Chilkoot_Trail_near_Dyea%2C_Alaska%2C_1897_%28LAROCHE_111%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dog-travois, Alaska 1897</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 174.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 172.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kainai_travois.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Packhorse and travois, Canada 1910"><img alt="Packhorse and travois, Canada 1910" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kainai_travois.jpg/259px-Kainai_travois.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kainai_travois.jpg/389px-Kainai_travois.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kainai_travois.jpg/518px-Kainai_travois.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="445" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Packhorse" title="Packhorse">Packhorse</a> and travois, Canada 1910</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Native_American_baby_transport;_Travouis_at_Lake_Windemere._Wellcome_L0003105.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Riding horse with travois, Canada 1922"><img alt="Riding horse with travois, Canada 1922" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Native_American_baby_transport%3B_Travouis_at_Lake_Windemere._Wellcome_L0003105.jpg/260px-Native_American_baby_transport%3B_Travouis_at_Lake_Windemere._Wellcome_L0003105.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Native_American_baby_transport%3B_Travouis_at_Lake_Windemere._Wellcome_L0003105.jpg/389px-Native_American_baby_transport%3B_Travouis_at_Lake_Windemere._Wellcome_L0003105.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Native_American_baby_transport%3B_Travouis_at_Lake_Windemere._Wellcome_L0003105.jpg/519px-Native_American_baby_transport%3B_Travouis_at_Lake_Windemere._Wellcome_L0003105.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="1117" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Riding horse with travois, Canada 1922</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Travois_or_Indian_ambulance,_U.S._Army_LCCN2014680130.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="US Army mule & travois "ambulance", circa early 1900s"><img alt="US Army mule & travois "ambulance", circa early 1900s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Travois_or_Indian_ambulance%2C_U.S._Army_LCCN2014680130.jpg/247px-Travois_or_Indian_ambulance%2C_U.S._Army_LCCN2014680130.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Travois_or_Indian_ambulance%2C_U.S._Army_LCCN2014680130.jpg/371px-Travois_or_Indian_ambulance%2C_U.S._Army_LCCN2014680130.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Travois_or_Indian_ambulance%2C_U.S._Army_LCCN2014680130.jpg/494px-Travois_or_Indian_ambulance%2C_U.S._Army_LCCN2014680130.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5735" data-file-height="4178" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">US Army mule & travois "ambulance", circa early 1900s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:35541_purilaat_Rukajarvi_15081941.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A workman's travois, Finland 1941"><img alt="A workman's travois, Finland 1941" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/35541_purilaat_Rukajarvi_15081941.jpg/261px-35541_purilaat_Rukajarvi_15081941.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/35541_purilaat_Rukajarvi_15081941.jpg/392px-35541_purilaat_Rukajarvi_15081941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/35541_purilaat_Rukajarvi_15081941.jpg/522px-35541_purilaat_Rukajarvi_15081941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4966" data-file-height="3424" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A workman's travois, Finland 1941</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Travois&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Travois" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Travois">Travois</a></span>.</div></div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/travois" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/travois">travois</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Trail-Travois_Road" title="Lewis and Clark Trail-Travois Road">Lewis and Clark Trail-Travois Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrying_pole" title="Carrying pole">Carrying pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sled" title="Sled">Sled</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Travois&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-smith-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smith_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSmith1988" class="citation book cs1">Smith, D.J.M. (1988). <i>A Dictionary of Horse Drawn Vehicles</i>. J. A. Allen & Co. Ltd. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0851314686" title="Special:BookSources/0851314686"><bdi>0851314686</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL11597864M">11597864M</a>. <q>Travois or travoise. A wheel-less drag consisting of two or more poles, hauled by a single human being or beast of burden, its apex resting on the back or hind quarters. Space near the base of the 'A' frame would be bridged by thongs, woven twigs or small planks. Widely used by the North American Indians both for conveying the sick and elderly of the tribe or personal belongings. Travoy: A modern spelling of Travois.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Horse+Drawn+Vehicles&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=J.+A.+Allen+%26+Co.+Ltd.&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL11597864M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=0851314686&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D.J.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATravois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.native-languages.org/travois.htm">"American Indian Travois"</a>. <i>native-languages.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=native-languages.org&rft.atitle=American+Indian+Travois&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.native-languages.org%2Ftravois.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATravois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706084136/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/travois.html">"Travois"</a>. <i>The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan</i>. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/travois.html">the original</a> on July 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2013</span> – via esask.uregina.ca.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Travois&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Saskatchewan&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesask.uregina.ca%2Fentry%2Ftravois.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATravois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-canencyc-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-canencyc_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-canencyc_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGadacz2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gadacz, Renee R (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120419125642/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/travois">"Travois"</a>. <i>The Canadian Encyclopedia</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/travois">the original</a> on April 19, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Travois&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Gadacz&rft.aufirst=Renee+R&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2Ftravois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATravois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson1994" class="citation journal cs1">Henderson, Norman (May 1994). "Replicating Dog Travois Travel on the Northern Plains". <i>Plains Anthropologist</i>. <b>39</b> (148): 145–159. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F2052546.1994.11931719">10.1080/2052546.1994.11931719</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25669259">25669259</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plains+Anthropologist&rft.atitle=Replicating+Dog+Travois+Travel+on+the+Northern+Plains&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=148&rft.pages=145-159&rft.date=1994-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F2052546.1994.11931719&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25669259%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATravois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dogtravois-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dogtravois_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dogtravois_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.womenofthefurtrade.com/wst_page16.html">"Dog Travois"</a>. <i>Women of the Fur Trade</i>. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Women+of+the+Fur+Trade&rft.atitle=Dog+Travois&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.womenofthefurtrade.com%2Fwst_page16.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATravois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.native-languages.org/travois.htm">"Native American Travois (Indian Drag Sleds for Dogs and Horses)"</a>. <i>native-languages.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=native-languages.org&rft.atitle=Native+American+Travois+%28Indian+Drag+Sleds+for+Dogs+and+Horses%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.native-languages.org%2Ftravois.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATravois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cskt.org/hc/salishculture.htm">"Salish culture"</a>. <i>Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Confederated+Salish+and+Kootenai+Tribes&rft.atitle=Salish+culture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cskt.org%2Fhc%2Fsalishculture.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATravois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson" class="citation web cs1">Henderson, Norman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iportal.usask.ca/docs/Prairie%20Forum/Replicating%20Horse%20and%20Travois%20Travel%20%28v21no2_1996_pg137-147%29.pdf">"Replicating Horse and Travois Travel"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. 137–147<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Replicating+Horse+and+Travois+Travel&rft.pages=137-147&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiportal.usask.ca%2Fdocs%2FPrairie%2520Forum%2FReplicating%2520Horse%2520and%2520Travois%2520Travel%2520%2528v21no2_1996_pg137-147%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATravois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ewers1988-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ewers1988_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ewers, John C. (1988): A Blood Indian’s Conception of Tribal Life in Dog Days. Indian Life on the Upper Missouri. Norman and London. Pp. 7-13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Point1967-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Point1967_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Point, Nicholas (1967): Wilderness Kingdom. Indian Life in the Rocky Mountains: 1840-1847. The Journals and Paintings of Nicholas Point, S. J.. New York, Chicago, San Francisco.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Riebeth1985-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Riebeth1985_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Riebeth, Carolyn Reynolds (1985): J.H. Sharp among the Crow Indians, 1902-1910. Personal Memories of His Life and Friendship on the Crow Reservation in Montana. El Segundo.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/lewisandclark/lew.htm">"Lewis & Clark Trail-Travois Road--Lewis and Clark Expedition: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lewis+%26+Clark+Trail-Travois+Road--Lewis+and+Clark+Expedition%3A+A+National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Travel+Itinerary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnr%2Ftravel%2Flewisandclark%2Flew.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATravois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakels2009" class="citation book cs1">Bakels, Corrie (2009). <i>The Western European Loess Belt: Agrarian History, 5300 BC - AD 1000</i>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781402098406" title="Special:BookSources/9781402098406"><bdi>9781402098406</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Western+European+Loess+Belt%3A+Agrarian+History%2C+5300+BC+-+AD+1000&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781402098406&rft.aulast=Bakels&rft.aufirst=Corrie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATravois" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://musee-archeologienationale.fr/sites/musee-archeologienationale.fr/files/un_travois_pour_les_dieux.pdf">"Un Travois pour les dieux. Lac de Chalain 31ième siècle avant J.-C"</a> [A Travois for the Gods] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Un+Travois+pour+les+dieux.+Lac+de+Chalain+31i%C3%A8me+si%C3%A8cle+avant+J.-C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmusee-archeologienationale.fr%2Fsites%2Fmusee-archeologienationale.fr%2Ffiles%2Fun_travois_pour_les_dieux.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATravois" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canal-u.tv/chaines/cerimes/films-du-crava-archeologie-ethnologie/un-travois-pour-les-dieux-lac-de-chalain-31e">The film</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Travois&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cartingwithyourdog.com/ctravoisplans.html">Dog Travois Plans</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nmai.si.edu/exhibitions/horsenation/travel.html">Travois photos</a>, A Song for the Horse Nation, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian" title="National Museum of the American Indian">National Museum of the American Indian</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.art.com/products/p13251395-sa-i2341816/horsedrawn-travois-crow-indian-fair.htm">Horse-Drawn travois</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190805234909/https://www.art.com/products/p13251395-sa-i2341816/horsedrawn-travois-crow-indian-fair.htm">Archived</a> 2019-08-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Crow_Fair" title="Crow Fair">Crow Fair</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/89714087/">Atsina Indian on horse pulling travois</a>, photograph by <a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Curtis" title="Edward S. Curtis">Edward S. Curtis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.denverlibrary.org/cdm/search/searchterm/travois">Travois photographs</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Denver_Public_Library" title="Denver Public Library">Denver Public Library</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/blackfootshirts/attachments/028_Imataa%20Manistsi-%20Blackfoot%20Dog%20Travois.pdf"><i>Imataa Manistsi: How to Make a Blackfoot Dog Travois</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imataa+Manistsi%3A+How+to+Make+a+Blackfoot+Dog+Travois&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.prm.ox.ac.uk%2Fblackfootshirts%2Fattachments%2F028_Imataa%2520Manistsi-%2520Blackfoot%2520Dog%2520Travois.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATravois" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Travois&oldid=1213884743">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Travois&oldid=1213884743</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Native_American_tools" title="Category:Native American tools">Native American tools</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_culture_of_the_Great_Plains" title="Category:Indigenous culture of the Great Plains">Indigenous culture of the Great Plains</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human-powered_vehicles" title="Category:Human-powered vehicles">Human-powered vehicles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal-powered_vehicles" title="Category:Animal-powered vehicles">Animal-powered vehicles</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_October_2023" title="Category:Use mdy dates from October 2023">Use mdy dates from October 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 March 2024, at 18:22<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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