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message</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: broadcast message"> <meta name="keywords" content="broadcast message"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="broadcast message"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 421</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: broadcast message</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">421</span> Application of Chinese Remainder Theorem to Find The Messages Sent in Broadcast</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayubi%20Wirara">Ayubi Wirara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ardya%20Suryadinata"> Ardya Suryadinata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Improper application of the RSA algorithm scheme can cause vulnerability to attacks. The attack utilizes the relationship between broadcast messages sent to the user with some fixed polynomial functions that belong to each user. Scheme attacks carried out by applying the Chinese Remainder Theorem to obtain a general polynomial equation with the same modulus. The formation of the general polynomial becomes a first step to get back the original message. Furthermore, to solve these equations can use Coppersmith's theorem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RSA%20algorithm" title="RSA algorithm">RSA algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadcast%20message" title=" broadcast message"> broadcast message</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20Remainder%20Theorem" title=" Chinese Remainder Theorem"> Chinese Remainder Theorem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coppersmith%E2%80%99s%20theorem" title=" Coppersmith’s theorem"> Coppersmith’s theorem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9543/application-of-chinese-remainder-theorem-to-find-the-messages-sent-in-broadcast" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">420</span> Broadcast Routing in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muazzam%20A.%20Khan">Muazzam A. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Wasim"> Muhammad Wasim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vehicular adhoc network (VANET) Cars for network (VANET) allowing vehicles to talk to each other, which is committed to building a strong network of mobile vehicles is technical. In VANETs vehicles are equipped with special devices that can get and share info with the atmosphere and other vehicles in the network. Depending on this data security and safety of the vehicles can be enhanced. Broadcast routing is dispersion of any audio or visual medium of mass communication scattered audience distribute audio and video content, but usually using electromagnetic radiation (waves). The lack of server or fixed infrastructure media messages in VANETs plays an important role for every individual application. Broadcast Message VANETs still open research challenge and requires some effort to come to good solutions. This paper starts with a brief introduction of VANET, its applications, and the law of the message-trends in this network starts. This work provides an important and comprehensive study of reliable broadcast routing in VANET scenario. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20ad-hoc%20network" title="vehicular ad-hoc network ">vehicular ad-hoc network </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadcasting" title=" broadcasting"> broadcasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=networking%20protocols" title=" networking protocols"> networking protocols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20pattern" title=" traffic pattern"> traffic pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20intensity%20conflict" title=" low intensity conflict"> low intensity conflict</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28117/broadcast-routing-in-vehicular-ad-hoc-networks-vanets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">419</span> A Highly Efficient Broadcast Algorithm for Computer Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20Nandakumaran">Ganesh Nandakumaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Karaata"> Mehmet Karaata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A wave is a distributed execution, often made up of a broadcast phase followed by a feedback phase, requiring the participation of all the system processes before a particular event called decision is taken. Wave algorithms with one initiator such as the 1-wave algorithm have been shown to be very efficient for broadcasting messages in tree networks. Extensions of this algorithm broadcasting a sequence of waves using a single initiator have been implemented in algorithms such as the m-wave algorithm. However as the network size increases, having a single initiator adversely affects the message delivery times to nodes further away from the initiator. As a remedy, broadcast waves can be allowed to be initiated by multiple initiator nodes distributed across the network to reduce the completion time of broadcasts. These waves initiated by one or more initiator processes form a collection of waves covering the entire network. Solutions to global-snapshots, distributed broadcast and various synchronization problems can be solved efficiently using waves with multiple concurrent initiators. In this paper, we propose the first stabilizing multi-wave sequence algorithm implementing waves started by multiple initiator processes such that every process in the network receives at least one sequence of broadcasts. Due to being stabilizing, the proposed algorithm can withstand transient faults and do not require initialization. We view a fault as a transient fault if it perturbs the configuration of the system but not its program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20computing" title="distributed computing">distributed computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-node%20broadcast" title=" multi-node broadcast"> multi-node broadcast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagation%20of%20information%20with%20feedback%20and%20cleaning%20%28PFC%29" title=" propagation of information with feedback and cleaning (PFC)"> propagation of information with feedback and cleaning (PFC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20algorithms" title=" wave algorithms"> wave algorithms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22312/a-highly-efficient-broadcast-algorithm-for-computer-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">418</span> Application of Modulo-2 Arithmetic in Securing Communicated Messages throughout the Globe </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ejd%20Garba">Ejd Garba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okike%20Benjamin"> Okike Benjamin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, the word encryption has become very popular even among non-computer professionals. There is no doubt that some works have been carried out in this area, but more works need to be done. Presently, most of the works on encryption is concentrated on the sender of the message without paying any attention to the message recipient. However, it is a good practice if any message sent to someone is received by the particular person whom the message is sent to. This work seeks to ensure that at the receiving end of the message, there is a security to ensure that the recipient computes a key that would enable the encrypted message to be accessed. This key would be in form of password. This would make it possible for a given message to be sent to several people at the same time. When this happens, it is only those people who computes the key correctly that would be given the opportunity to access even the encrypted message, which can in turn be decrypted using the appropriate key. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arithmetic" title="arithmetic">arithmetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20space" title=" cyber space"> cyber space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulo-2" title=" modulo-2"> modulo-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20security" title=" information security "> information security </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30281/application-of-modulo-2-arithmetic-in-securing-communicated-messages-throughout-the-globe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">417</span> Advertising Message Strategy on Ghana’s TV</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisha%20Iddrisu">Aisha Iddrisu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferruh%20Uztu%C4%9F"> Ferruh Uztuğ</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is a quantitative content analysis of advertising message strategies used in Ghana’s TV commercials (2020-2021) using the modified strategy of Wang and Praet (2016) with the objective of exploring the various advertising message strategies used in Ghana’s TV advertisement, its variation according to product category including the most widely used message strategy. The findings indicate that, out of the 220 commercials used in the study, the Affective message strategy (n=122, 55%) was the dominant message strategy used in Ghana’s TV commercials. The most advertised product category in Ghana’s TV commercials (2020-2021) was the food category, and a significant relationship was observed between message strategy and product category as well as message strategy and brand type. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertising" title="advertising">advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=message%20strategy" title=" message strategy"> message strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghana" title=" Ghana"> Ghana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=television" title=" television"> television</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170306/advertising-message-strategy-on-ghanas-tv" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">416</span> Mathematical Model That Using Scrambling and Message Integrity Methods in Audio Steganography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Salem%20Atoum">Mohammed Salem Atoum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The success of audio steganography is to ensure imperceptibility of the embedded message in stego file and withstand any form of intentional or un-intentional degradation of message (robustness). Audio steganographic that utilized LSB of audio stream to embed message gain a lot of popularity over the years in meeting the perceptual transparency, robustness and capacity. This research proposes an XLSB technique in order to circumvent the weakness observed in LSB technique. Scrambling technique is introduce in two steps; partitioning the message into blocks followed by permutation each blocks in order to confuse the contents of the message. The message is embedded in the MP3 audio sample. After extracting the message, the permutation codebook is used to re-order it into its original form. Md5sum and SHA-256 are used to verify whether the message is altered or not during transmission. Experimental result shows that the XLSB performs better than LSB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XLSB" title="XLSB">XLSB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scrambling" title=" scrambling"> scrambling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audio%20steganography" title=" audio steganography"> audio steganography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42449/mathematical-model-that-using-scrambling-and-message-integrity-methods-in-audio-steganography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">415</span> Implicature of Jokes in Broadcast Messages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuli%20Widiana">Yuli Widiana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of implicature which is one of the discussions of pragmatics is an interesting and challenging topic to discuss. Implicature is a meaning which is implied in an utterance which is not the same as its literal meaning. The rapid development of information technology results in social networks as media to broadcast messages. The broadcast messages may be in the form of jokes which contain implicature. The research applies the pragmatic equivalent method to analyze the topics of jokes based on the implicatures contained in them. Furthermore, the method is also applied to reveal the purpose of creating implicature in jokes. The findings include the kinds of implicature found in jokes which are classified into conventional implicature and conversational implicature. Then, in detailed analysis, implicature in jokes is divided into implicature related to gender, culture, and social phenomena. Furthermore, implicature in jokes may not only be used to give entertainment but also to soften criticisms or satire so that it does not sound rude and harsh. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implicature" title="implicature">implicature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadcast%20messages" title=" broadcast messages"> broadcast messages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20implicature" title=" conventional implicature"> conventional implicature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conversational%20implicature" title=" conversational implicature"> conversational implicature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9554/implicature-of-jokes-in-broadcast-messages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">414</span> Message Authentication Scheme for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks under Sparse RSUs Environment </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen%20Shyong%20Hsieh">Wen Shyong Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih%20Hsueh%20Lin"> Chih Hsueh Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we combine the concepts of chameleon hash function (CHF) and identification based cryptography (IBC) to build a message authentication environment for VANET under sparse RSUs. Based on the CHF, TA keeps two common secrets that will be embedded to all identities to be as the evidence of mutual trusting. TA will issue one original identity to every RSU and vehicle. An identity contains one public ID and one private key. The public ID, includes three components: pseudonym, random key, and public key, is used to present one entity and can be verified to be a legal one. The private key is used to claim the ownership of the public ID. Based on the concept of IBC, without any negotiating process, a CHF pairing key multiplied by one private key and other’s public key will be used for mutually trusting and to be utilized as the session key of secure communicating between RSUs and vehicles. To help the vehicles to do message authenticating, the RSUs are assigned to response the vehicle’s temple identity request using two short time secretes that are broadcasted by TA. To light the loading of request information, one day is divided into M time slots. At every time slot, TA will broadcast two short time secretes to all valid RSUs for that time slot. Any RSU can response the temple identity request from legal vehicles. With the collected announcement of public IDs from the neighbor vehicles, a vehicle can set up its neighboring set, which includes the information about the neighbor vehicle’s temple public ID and temple CHF pairing key that can be derived by the private key and neighbor’s public key and will be used to do message authenticating or secure communicating without the help of RSU. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Internet%20of%20Vehicles%20%28IOV%29" title="Internet of Vehicles (IOV)">Internet of Vehicles (IOV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vehicular%20Ad-hoc%20Networks%20%28VANETs%29" title=" Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs)"> Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chameleon%20Hash%20Function%20%28CHF%29" title=" Chameleon Hash Function (CHF)"> Chameleon Hash Function (CHF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=message%20authentication" title=" message authentication"> message authentication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58528/message-authentication-scheme-for-vehicular-ad-hoc-networks-under-sparse-rsus-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">413</span> Media Coverage on Child Sexual Abuse in Developing Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayam%20Qayyum">Hayam Qayyum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Print and Broadcast media are considered to be the most powerful social change agents and effective medium that can revolutionize the deter society into the civilized, responsible, composed society. Beside all major roles, imperative role of media is to highlight the human rights’ violation issues in order to provide awareness and to prevent society from the social evils and injustice. So, by pointing out the odds, media can lessen the magnitude of happenings within the society. For centuries, the “Silent Crime” i.e. Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) is gulping down the developing countries. This study will explore that how the appropriate Print and Broadcast media coverage can eliminate Child Sexual Abuse from the society. The immense challenge faced by the journalists today; is the accurate and ethical reporting and appropriate coverage to disclose the facts and deliver right message on the right time to lessen the social evils in the developing countries, by not harming the prestige of the victim. In case of CSA most of the victims and their families are not in favour to expose their children to media due to family norms and respect in the society. Media should focus on in depth information of CSA and use this coverage is to draw attention of the concern authorities to look into the matter for reforms and reviews in the system. Moreover, media as a change agent can bring such issue into the knowledge of the international community to make collective efforts with the affected country to eliminate the ‘Silent Crime’ from the society. The model country selected for this research paper is South Africa. The purpose of this research is not only to examine the existing reporting patterns and content of print and broadcast media coverage of South Africa but also aims to create awareness to eliminate Child Sexual abuse and indirectly to improve the condition of stake holders to overcome this social evil. The literature review method is used to formulate this paper. Trends of media content on CSA will be identified that how much amount and nature of information made available to the public through the media General view of media coverage on child sexual abuse in developing countries like India and Pakistan will also be focused. This research will be limited to the role of print and broadcast media coverage to eliminate child sexual abuse in South Africa. In developing countries, CSA issue needs to be addressed on immediate basis. The study will explore the CSA content of the most influential broadcast and print media outlets of South Africa. Broadcast media will be comprised of TV channels and print media will be comprised of influential newspapers. South Africa is selected as a model for this research paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20sexual%20abuse" title="child sexual abuse">child sexual abuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20countries" title=" developing countries"> developing countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=print%20and%20broadcast%20media" title=" print and broadcast media"> print and broadcast media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Africa" title=" South Africa"> South Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30207/media-coverage-on-child-sexual-abuse-in-developing-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">579</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">412</span> Exploring Framing Effect and Repetition Effect of the Persuasive Message on Moral Decision Making in Conflict of Interests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sae-Yeon%20Seong">Sae-Yeon Seong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EunSun%20Chung"> EunSun Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongjoo%20Chin"> Dongjoo Chin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conflict of interest (COI) is one of the dominant circumstantial factors of moral corruption across various fields. Several management strategies have been proposed to prevent self-interested decision making in COIs. Among these strategies, message persuasion has been considered as a practical and effective approach. Framing and repetition are two of the major factors in the persuasion effect of message. Therefore, their effect on moral decision making in COI should be explored systematically. The purpose of this study was to compare the differential effects of positively framed message and negatively framed message, and secondly, to investigate how the effectiveness of persuasive message changes through repetitive exposures. A total of 63 participants were randomly assigned to one of 3 framing conditions: positive framing, negative framing, and no-message condition. Prior to the online experiment involving a consultation task, the differently framed persuasive message was presented to the participants. This process was repeated four times in a row. The results showed that participants with positive-framing message were less likely to provide self-interested consultation than participants in the no-message condition. Also, a U-shaped quadric relation between repetition and self-interest consultation was found. Implications and limitations are further discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflicts%20of%20interest" title="conflicts of interest">conflicts of interest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persuasive%20message" title=" persuasive message"> persuasive message</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framing%20effect" title=" framing effect"> framing effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repetition%20effect" title=" repetition effect"> repetition effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-interested%20behavior" title=" self-interested behavior"> self-interested behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97223/exploring-framing-effect-and-repetition-effect-of-the-persuasive-message-on-moral-decision-making-in-conflict-of-interests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">411</span> Analysis on the Copyright Protection Dilemma of Webcast in 'Internet Plus' Era</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi%20Yang">Yi Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the era of 'Internet plus', the rapid development of webcast has posed new challenges to the intellectual property law. Meanwhile, traditional copyright protection has also exposed the existing theoretical imbalance in webcast. Through the analysis of the outstanding problems in the copyright protection of the network live broadcast, this paper points out that the main causes of the problems are the unclear nature of the copyright of the network live broadcast, the copyright protection system of the game network live broadcast has not yet been constructed, and the copyright infringement of the pan entertainment live broadcast is mostly, and so on. Based on the current practice, this paper puts forward the specific thinking of the protection path of online live broadcast copyright. First of all, to provide a reasonable judicial solution for a large number of online live copyright cases, we need to integrate the right scope and regulatory behavior of broadcasting right and information network communication right. Secondly, in order to protect the rights of network anchors, the webcast should be regarded as works. Thirdly, in order to protect the copyright of webcast and prevent the infringement of copyright by webcast, the webcast platform will be used as an intermediary to provide solutions for solving the judicial dilemma. In the era of 'Internet plus', it is a theoretical attempt to explore the protection and method of copyright protection on webcast, which has positive guiding significance for judicial practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%27Internet%20Plus%27%20era" title="'Internet Plus' era">'Internet Plus' era</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=webcast" title=" webcast"> webcast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copyright" title=" copyright"> copyright</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protection%20dilemma" title=" protection dilemma"> protection dilemma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124731/analysis-on-the-copyright-protection-dilemma-of-webcast-in-internet-plus-era" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">410</span> Pattern in Splitting Sequence in Okike’s Merged Irregular Transposition Cipher for Encrypting Cyberspace Messages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okike%20Benjamin">Okike Benjamin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20J.%20D.%20Garba"> E. J. D. Garba </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The protection of sensitive information against unauthorized access or fraudulent changes has been of prime concern throughout the centuries. Modern communication techniques, using computers connected through networks, make all data even more vulnerable to these threats. The researchers in this work propose a new encryption technique to be known as Merged Irregular Transposition Cipher. In this proposed encryption technique, a message to be encrypted will first of all be split into multiple parts depending on the length of the message. After the split, different keywords are chosen to encrypt different parts of the message. After encrypting all parts of the message, the positions of the encrypted message could be swapped to other position thereby making it very difficult to decrypt by any unauthorized user. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20security" title="information security">information security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=message%20splitting" title=" message splitting"> message splitting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern" title=" pattern"> pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequence" title=" sequence "> sequence </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22633/pattern-in-splitting-sequence-in-okikes-merged-irregular-transposition-cipher-for-encrypting-cyberspace-messages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22633.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">409</span> Efficient Broadcasting in Wireless Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Kyung%20An">Min Kyung An</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyuk%20Cho"> Hyuk Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we study the Minimum Latency Broadcast Scheduling (MLBS) problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The main issue of the MLBS problem is to compute schedules with the minimum number of timeslots such that a base station can broadcast data to all other sensor nodes with no collisions. Unlike existing works that utilize the traditional omni-directional WSNs, we target the directional WSNs where nodes can collaboratively determine and orientate their antenna directions. We first develop a 7-approximation algorithm, adopting directional WSNs. Our ratio is currently the best, to the best of our knowledge. We then validate the performance of the proposed algorithm through simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadcast" title="broadcast">broadcast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collision-free" title=" collision-free"> collision-free</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directional%20antenna" title=" directional antenna"> directional antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=approximation" title=" approximation"> approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks" title=" wireless sensor networks"> wireless sensor networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42752/efficient-broadcasting-in-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">408</span> When Messages Cause Distraction from Advertising: An Eye-Tracking Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nilamadhab%20Mohanty">Nilamadhab Mohanty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is essential to use message formats that make communication understandable and correct. It is because; the information format can influence consumer decision on the purchase of a product. This study combines information from qualitative inquiry, media trend analysis, eye tracking experiment, and questionnaire data to examine the impact of specific message format and consumer perceived risk on attention to the information and risk retention. We investigated the influence of message framing (goal framing, attribute framing, and mix framing) on consumer memory, study time, and decisional uncertainty while deciding on the purchase of drugs. Furthermore, we explored the impact of consumer perceived risk (associated with the use of the drug, i.e., RISK-AB and perceived risk associated with the non-use of the drug, i.e., RISK-EB) on message format preference. The study used eye-tracking methods to understand the differences in message processing. Findings of the study suggest that the message format influences information processing, and participants' risk perception impacts message format preference. Eye tracking can be used to understand the format differences and design effective advertisements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=message%20framing" title="message framing">message framing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20perceived%20risk" title=" consumer perceived risk"> consumer perceived risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertising" title=" advertising"> advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20tracking" title=" eye tracking"> eye tracking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109706/when-messages-cause-distraction-from-advertising-an-eye-tracking-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">407</span> Use of Personal Rhythm to Authenticate Encrypted Messages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Gonzalez">Carlos Gonzalez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When communicating using private and secure keys, there is always the doubt as to the identity of the message creator. We introduce an algorithm that uses the personal typing rhythm (keystroke dynamics) of the message originator to increase the trust of the authenticity of the message originator by the message recipient. The methodology proposes the use of a Rhythm Certificate Authority (RCA) to validate rhythm information. An illustrative example of the communication between Bob and Alice and the RCA is included. An algorithm of how to communicate with the RCA is presented. This RCA can be an independent authority or an enhanced Certificate Authority like the one used in public key infrastructure (PKI). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authentication" title="authentication">authentication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20signature" title=" digital signature"> digital signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=keystroke%20dynamics" title=" keystroke dynamics"> keystroke dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20rhythm" title=" personal rhythm"> personal rhythm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public-key%20encryption" title=" public-key encryption"> public-key encryption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66737/use-of-personal-rhythm-to-authenticate-encrypted-messages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">406</span> Unsupervised Sentiment Analysis for Indonesian Political Message on Twitter </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Abdillah">Omar Abdillah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirna%20Adriani"> Mirna Adriani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we perform new approach for analyzing public sentiment towards the presidential candidate in the 2014 Indonesian election that expressed in Twitter. In this study we propose such procedure for analyzing sentiment over Indonesian political message by understanding the behavior of Indonesian society in sending message on Twitter. We took different approach from previous works by utilizing punctuation mark and Indonesian sentiment lexicon that completed with the new procedure in determining sentiment towards the candidates. Our experiment shows the performance that yields up to 83.31% of average precision. In brief, this work makes two contributions: first, this work is the preliminary study of sentiment analysis in the domain of political message that has not been addressed yet before. Second, we propose such method to conduct sentiment analysis by creating decision making procedure in which it is in line with the characteristic of Indonesian message on Twitter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsupervised%20sentiment%20analysis" title="unsupervised sentiment analysis">unsupervised sentiment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20message" title=" political message"> political message</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lexicon%20based" title=" lexicon based"> lexicon based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20behavior%20understanding" title=" user behavior understanding"> user behavior understanding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20304/unsupervised-sentiment-analysis-for-indonesian-political-message-on-twitter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20304.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">480</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">405</span> Carrier Communication through Power Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavuluri%20Gopikrishna">Pavuluri Gopikrishna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Neelima"> B. Neelima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Power line carrier communication means audio power transmission via power line and reception of the amplified audio power at the receiver as in the form of speaker output signal using power line as the channel medium. The main objective of this suggested work is to transmit our message signal after frequency modulation by the help of FM modulator IC LM565 which gives output proportional to the input voltage of the input message signal. And this audio power is received from the power line by the help of isolation circuit and demodulated from IC LM565 which uses the concept of the PLL and produces FM demodulated signal to the listener. Message signal will be transmitted over the carrier signal that will be generated from the FM modulator IC LM565. Using this message signal will not damage because of no direct contact of message signal from the power line, but noise can disturb our information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amplification" title="amplification">amplification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fm%20demodulator%20ic%20565" title=" fm demodulator ic 565"> fm demodulator ic 565</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fm%20modulator%20ic%20565" title=" fm modulator ic 565"> fm modulator ic 565</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20locked%20loop" title=" phase locked loop"> phase locked loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20isolation" title=" power isolation"> power isolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31017/carrier-communication-through-power-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31017.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">552</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">404</span> The Effect of ‘Love Accounting’ on Gift Budgeting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanan%20Wang">Yanan Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is proposed that when people give a gift they engage in 'love accounting', so that they will spend less on it if they include a written expression of love with it. This hypothesis was tested with college students (N = 308). It was found that participants who wrote a love message to accompany a Mother's Day gift budgeted less for the gift itself than control participants (Experiment 1), and this effect was replicated for a Christmas gift (Experiment 2). The amount of effort expended by the giver on preparing the love message did not account for the effect (Experiment 3). It is concluded that a gift and its accompanying love message are mentally computed as belonging to the same love account, implying that consumers’ excessive splurging on gifts might be controlled by writing a love message before gift shopping. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expression%20of%20love" title="expression of love">expression of love</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gift-giving" title=" gift-giving"> gift-giving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gift-budgeting" title=" gift-budgeting"> gift-budgeting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20accounting" title=" mental accounting"> mental accounting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40374/the-effect-of-love-accounting-on-gift-budgeting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">403</span> A New Method for Fault Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Hakan%20Karaata">Mehmet Hakan Karaata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Hamdan"> Ali Hamdan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omer%20Yusuf%20Adam%20Mohamed"> Omer Yusuf Adam Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Consider a distributed system that delivers messages from a process to another. Such a system is often required to deliver each message to its destination regardless of whether or not the system components experience arbitrary forms of faults. In addition, each message received by the destination must be a message sent by a system process. In this paper, we first identify the necessary and sufficient conditions to detect some restricted form of Byzantine faults referred to as modifying Byzantine faults. An observable form of a Byzantine fault whose effect is limited to the modification of a message metadata or content, timing and omission faults, and message replay is referred to as a modifying Byzantine fault. We then present a distributed protocol to detect modifying Byzantine faults using optimal number of messages over node-disjoint paths. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byzantine%20faults" title="Byzantine faults">Byzantine faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20systems" title=" distributed systems"> distributed systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20detection" title=" fault detection"> fault detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20protocols" title=" network protocols"> network protocols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=node-disjoint%20paths" title=" node-disjoint paths"> node-disjoint paths</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21437/a-new-method-for-fault-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">402</span> Modifying Byzantine Fault Detection Using Disjoint Paths</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Hakan%20Karaata">Mehmet Hakan Karaata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Hamdan"> Ali Hamdan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omer%20Yusuf%20Adam%20Mohamed"> Omer Yusuf Adam Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Consider a distributed system that delivers messages from a process to another. Such a system is often required to deliver each message to its destination regardless of whether or not the system components experience arbitrary forms of faults. In addition, each message received by the destination must be a message sent by a system process. In this paper, we first identify the necessary and sufficient conditions to detect some restricted form of Byzantine faults referred to as modifying Byzantine faults. An observable form of a Byzantine fault whose effect is limited to the modification of a message metadata or content, timing and omission faults, and message replay is referred to as a modifying Byzantine fault. We then present a distributed protocol to detect modifying Byzantine faults using optimal number of messages over node-disjoint paths. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byzantine%20faults" title="Byzantine faults">Byzantine faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20systems" title=" distributed systems"> distributed systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20detection" title=" fault detection"> fault detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20pro-%20tocols" title=" network pro- tocols"> network pro- tocols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=node-disjoint%20paths" title=" node-disjoint paths"> node-disjoint paths</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30672/modifying-byzantine-fault-detection-using-disjoint-paths" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30672.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">565</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">401</span> Secure Content Centric Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Umair%20Aziz">Syed Umair Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Faheem"> Muhammad Faheem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameer%20Hussain"> Sameer Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faraz%20Idris"> Faraz Idris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Content centric network is the network based on the mechanism of sending and receiving the data based on the interest and data request to the specified node (which has cached data). In this network, the security is bind with the content not with the host hence making it host independent and secure. In this network security is applied by taking content’s MAC (message authentication code) and encrypting it with the public key of the receiver. On the receiver end, the message is first verified and after verification message is saved and decrypted using the receiver's private key. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20centric%20network" title="content centric network">content centric network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=client-server" title=" client-server"> client-server</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=host%20security%20threats" title=" host security threats"> host security threats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=message%20authentication%20code" title=" message authentication code"> message authentication code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=named%20data%20network" title=" named data network"> named data network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20caching" title=" network caching"> network caching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peer-to-peer" title=" peer-to-peer"> peer-to-peer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32149/secure-content-centric-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">644</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">400</span> RSU Aggregated Message Delivery for VANET</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Auxeeliya%20Jesudoss">Auxeeliya Jesudoss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashraph%20Sulaiman"> Ashraph Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratnakar%20Kotnana"> Ratnakar Kotnana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> V2V communication brings up several questions of scalability issues although message sharing in vehicular ad-hoc networks comprises of both Vehicle-to-Vehicle communications (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure communication (V2I). It is not an easy task for a vehicle to verify all signatures of the messages sent by its neighboring vehicles in a timely manner, without resulting in message loss. Moreover, the communication overhead of a vehicle to authenticate another vehicle would increase together with the security of the system. Another issue to be addressed is the continuous mobility of vehicles which requires at least some information on the node’s own position to be revealed to the neighboring vehicles. This may facilitate the attacker to congregate information on a node’s position or its mobility patterns. In order to tackle these issues, this paper introduces a RSU aggregated message deliverance scheme called RAMeD. With RAMeD, roadside units (RSUs) are responsible for verifying the identity of the vehicles entering in its range, collect messages from genuine vehicles and to aggregate similar messages into groups before sending them to all the vehicles in its communication range. This aggregation will tremendously improve the rate of message delivery and reduce the message lose ratio by avoiding similar messages being sent to the vehicles redundantly. The proposed protocol is analyzed extensively to evaluate its merits and efficiency for vehicular communication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20ad-hoc%20networks" title="vehicular ad-hoc networks">vehicular ad-hoc networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V2V" title=" V2V"> V2V</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V2I" title=" V2I"> V2I</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VANET%20communication" title=" VANET communication"> VANET communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scalability" title=" scalability"> scalability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=message%20aggregation" title=" message aggregation"> message aggregation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1449/rsu-aggregated-message-delivery-for-vanet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">399</span> Model Estimation and Error Level for Okike’s Merged Irregular Transposition Cipher</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okike%20Benjamin">Okike Benjamin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Garba%20E.%20J.%20D."> Garba E. J. D.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The researcher has developed a new encryption technique known as Merged Irregular Transposition Cipher. In this cipher method of encryption, a message to be encrypted is split into parts and each part encrypted separately. Before the encrypted message is transmitted to the recipient(s), the positions of the split in the encrypted messages could be swapped to ensure more security. This work seeks to develop a model by considering the split number, S and the average number of characters per split, L as the message under consideration is split from 2 through 10. Again, after developing the model, the error level in the model would be determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=merged%20irregular%20transposition" title="merged irregular transposition">merged irregular transposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20level" title=" error level"> error level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20estimation" title=" model estimation"> model estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=message%20splitting" title=" message splitting"> message splitting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22331/model-estimation-and-error-level-for-okikes-merged-irregular-transposition-cipher" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">398</span> How Message Framing and Temporal Distance Affect Word of Mouth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camille%20Lacan">Camille Lacan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pierre%20Desmet"> Pierre Desmet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the crowdfunding model, a campaign succeeds by collecting the funds required over a predefined duration. The success of a CF campaign depends both on the capacity to attract members of the online communities concerned, and on the community members’ involvement in online word-of-mouth recommendations. To maximize the campaign's success probability, project creators (i.e., an organization appealing for financial resources) send messages to contributors to ask them to issue word of mouth. Internet users relay information about projects through Word of Mouth which is defined as “a critical tool for facilitating information diffusion throughout online communities”. The effectiveness of these messages depends on the message framing and the time at which they are sent to contributors (i.e., at the start of the campaign or close to the deadline). This article addresses the following question: What are the effect of message framing and temporal distance on the willingness to share word of mouth? Drawing on Perspectives Theory and Construal Level Theory, this study examines the interplay between message framing (Gains vs. Losses) and temporal distance (message while the deadline is coming vs. far) on intention to share word of mouth. A between-subject experimental design is conducted to test the research model. Results show significant differences between a loss-framed message (lack of benefits if the campaign fails) associated with a short deadline (ending tomorrow) compared to a gain-framed message (benefits if the campaign succeeds) associated with a distant deadline (ending in three months). However, this effect is moderated by the anticipated regret of a campaign failure and the temporal orientation. These moderating effects contribute to specifying the boundary condition of the framing effect. Handling the message framing and the temporal distance are thus the key decisions to influence the willingness to share word of mouth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construal%20levels" title="construal levels">construal levels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crowdfunding" title=" crowdfunding"> crowdfunding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=message%20framing" title=" message framing"> message framing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=word%20of%20mouth" title=" word of mouth"> word of mouth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58854/how-message-framing-and-temporal-distance-affect-word-of-mouth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">397</span> Propagation of the Effects of Certain Types of Military Psychological Operations in a Networked Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colette%20Faucher">Colette Faucher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In modern asymmetric conflicts, the Armed Forces generally have to intervene in countries where the internal peace is in danger. They must make the local population an ally in order to be able to deploy the necessary military actions with its support. For this purpose, psychological operations (PSYOPs) are used to shape people’s behaviors and emotions by the modification of their attitudes in acting on their perceptions. PSYOPs aim at elaborating and spreading a message that must be read, listened to and/or looked at, then understood by the info-targets in order to get from them the desired behavior. A message can generate in the info-targets, reasoned thoughts, spontaneous emotions or reflex behaviors, this effect partly depending on the means of conveyance used to spread this message. In this paper, we focus on psychological operations that generate emotions. We present a method based on the Intergroup Emotion Theory, that determines, from the characteristics of the conveyed message and of the people from the population directly reached by the means of conveyance (direct info-targets), the emotion likely to be triggered in them and we simulate the propagation of the effects of such a message on indirect info-targets that are connected to them through the social networks that structure the population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=military%20psychological%20operations" title="military psychological operations">military psychological operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20identity" title=" social identity"> social identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20network" title=" social network"> social network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion%20propagation" title=" emotion propagation"> emotion propagation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22457/propagation-of-the-effects-of-certain-types-of-military-psychological-operations-in-a-networked-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">396</span> Prosody of Text Communication: Inducing Synchronization and Coherence in Chat Conversations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karolina%20Ziembowicz">Karolina Ziembowicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrzej%20Nowak"> Andrzej Nowak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current study, we examined the consequences of adding prosodic cues to text communication by allowing users to observe the process of message creation while engaged in dyadic conversations. In the first condition, users interacted through a traditional chat that requires pressing ‘enter’ to make a message visible to an interlocutor. In another, text appeared on the screen simultaneously as the sender was writing it, letter after letter (Synchat condition), so that users could observe the varying rhythm of message production, precise timing of message appearance, typos and their corrections. The results show that the ability to observe the dynamics of message production had a twofold effect on the social interaction process. First, it enhanced the relational aspect of communication – interlocutors synchronized their emotional states during the interaction, their communication included more statements on relationship building, and they evaluated the Synchat medium as more personal and emotionally engaging. Second, it increased the coherence of communication, reflected in greater continuity of the topics raised in Synchat conversations. The results are discussed from the interaction design (IxD) perspective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chat%20communication" title="chat communication">chat communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20conversation" title=" online conversation"> online conversation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prosody" title=" prosody"> prosody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20synchronization" title=" social synchronization"> social synchronization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction%20incoherence" title=" interaction incoherence"> interaction incoherence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relationship%20building" title=" relationship building"> relationship building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97727/prosody-of-text-communication-inducing-synchronization-and-coherence-in-chat-conversations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">395</span> Islam, Tolerance and Anti-Terrorism: A Critical Assessment with Reference to the Royal 'Amman Message'</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20M.%20Al%20Assaf">Adnan M. Al Assaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research project aims to assess the methods of enhancing tolerant thinking and behavior among Muslim societies. This is in addition to spreading the anti-terrorist approach in their communities. The critical assessment for the Islamic major texts in question is the selected way for convincing, as Muslims adopt these sources as the authentic references for their lives and cultures. Moreover, this research devotes a special room to the analysis of the royal ‘Amman Message’ as a contemporary Islamic approach for enhancing tolerance and anti-terrorism from an Islamic perspective. The paper includes the study of the related concepts, texts, practical applications, with some reference to the history of Islam in human interaction, accepting the others, mercy with minorities, protecting human rights. Furthermore, it assesses the methods of enhancing tolerance and minimizing the terrorist thinking and behavior practically, in the view of Amman message, as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tolerance" title=" tolerance"> tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-terrorism" title=" anti-terrorism"> anti-terrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coexistence" title=" coexistence"> coexistence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amman%20Message" title=" Amman Message"> Amman Message</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83277/islam-tolerance-and-anti-terrorism-a-critical-assessment-with-reference-to-the-royal-amman-message" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">394</span> Remote Video Supervision via DVB-H Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanen%20Ghabi">Hanen Ghabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youssef%20Oudhini"> Youssef Oudhini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassen%20Mnif"> Hassen Mnif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By reference to recent publications dealing with the same problem, and as a follow-up to this research work already published, we propose in this article a new original idea of tele supervision exploiting the opportunities offered by the DVB-H system. The objective is to exploit the RF channels of the DVB-H network in order to insert digital remote monitoring images dedicated to a remote solar power plant. Indeed, the DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcast-Handheld) broadcasting system was designed and deployed for digital broadcasting on the same platform as the parent system, DVB-T. We claim to be able to exploit this approach in order to satisfy the operator of remote photovoltaic sites (and others) in order to remotely control the components of isolated installations by means of video surveillance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20surveillance" title="video surveillance">video surveillance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20video%20broadcast-handheld" title=" digital video broadcast-handheld"> digital video broadcast-handheld</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20sites" title=" photovoltaic sites"> photovoltaic sites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AVC" title=" AVC"> AVC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147516/remote-video-supervision-via-dvb-h-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">393</span> Secure Message Transmission Using Meaningful Shares</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajish%20Sreedharan">Ajish Sreedharan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Visual cryptography encodes a secret image into shares of random binary patterns. If the shares are exerted onto transparencies, the secret image can be visually decoded by superimposing a qualified subset of transparencies, but no secret information can be obtained from the superposition of a forbidden subset. The binary patterns of the shares, however, have no visual meaning and hinder the objectives of visual cryptography. In the Secret Message Transmission through Meaningful Shares a secret message to be transmitted is converted to grey scale image. Then (2,2) visual cryptographic shares are generated from this converted gray scale image. The shares are encrypted using A Chaos-Based Image Encryption Algorithm Using Wavelet Transform. Two separate color images which are of the same size of the shares, taken as cover image of the respective shares to hide the shares into them. The encrypted shares which are covered by meaningful images so that a potential eavesdropper wont know there is a message to be read. The meaningful shares are transmitted through two different transmission medium. During decoding shares are fetched from received meaningful images and decrypted using A Chaos-Based Image Encryption Algorithm Using Wavelet Transform. The shares are combined to regenerate the grey scale image from where the secret message is obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20cryptography" title="visual cryptography">visual cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20transform" title=" wavelet transform"> wavelet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meaningful%20shares" title=" meaningful shares"> meaningful shares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20scale%20image" title=" grey scale image"> grey scale image</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16629/secure-message-transmission-using-meaningful-shares" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16629.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">392</span> Proposed Terminal Device for End-to-End Secure SMS in Cellular Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neetesh%20Saxena">Neetesh Saxena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narendra%20S.%20Chaudhari"> Narendra S. Chaudhari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, SMS is a very popular mobile service and even the poor, illiterate people and those living in rural areas use SMS service very efficiently. Although many mobile operators have already started 3G and 4G services, 2G services are still being used by the people in many countries. In 2G (GSM), only encryption provided is between the MS and the BTS, there is no end-to-end encryption available. Sometimes we all need to send some confidential message to other person containing bank account number, some password, financial details, etc. Normally, a message is sent in plain text only to the recipient and it is not an acceptable standard for transmitting such important and confidential information. Authors propose an end-to-end encryption approach by proposing a terminal for sending/receiving a secure message. An asymmetric key exchange algorithm is used in order to transmit secret shared key securely to the recipient. The proposed approach with terminal device provides authentication, confidentiality, integrity and non-repudiation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AES" title="AES">AES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DES" title=" DES"> DES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diffie-Hellman" title=" Diffie-Hellman"> Diffie-Hellman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECDH" title=" ECDH"> ECDH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A5" title=" A5"> A5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMS" title=" SMS"> SMS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7993/proposed-terminal-device-for-end-to-end-secure-sms-in-cellular-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadcast%20message&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadcast%20message&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadcast%20message&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadcast%20message&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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