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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Frequency</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikiversity</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="projectbox" style="border-color: #71be3f;"> <table class="projectbox-table" style="background-color: #f6fff1; height:100%;"> <tbody><tr><td class="projectbox-image" style="background-color: #c0eaa6;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_physics.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Logo_physics.svg/36px-Logo_physics.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Logo_physics.svg/54px-Logo_physics.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Logo_physics.svg/72px-Logo_physics.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="438" /></a></span></td> <td class="projectbox-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Resources_by_subject" title="Help:Resources by subject">Subject classification</a></b>: this is a <a href="/wiki/Portal:Physics" title="Portal:Physics">physics</a> resource.</td> </tr></tbody></table> </div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2414743">.mw-parser-output .projectbox{float:right;clear:right;margin:5px 0 5px 5px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid}.mw-parser-output .projectbox-table{border:0;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;margin:0;width:228px}.mw-parser-output .projectbox-image{border:0;text-align:center;width:45px;height:45px}.mw-parser-output .projectbox-text{border:0;font-size:8pt;line-height:1.25em;padding:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .projectbox{margin:5px 0}}</style> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wave_frequency.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Wave_frequency.gif/220px-Wave_frequency.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Wave_frequency.gif/330px-Wave_frequency.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Wave_frequency.gif 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>An animation of wave functions with increasing frequency <i><b>f</b></i>.</figcaption></figure><p><b>Frequency</b> is the number of repeating events per unit of time. In <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, the <i>frequency</i> of a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wave (page does not exist)">wave</a> is the number of wave crests (the peaks of the wave) that pass a point in one second. </p><p><i>Hertz</i> (symbol Hz) is the unit of <i>frequency</i>. </p><p>The relationship between <i>frequency</i> and <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelength</a> is expressed by the formula: </p> <div class="center" style=""> <b><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f=v/\lambda }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>λ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f=v/\lambda }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/77c18bfeb61a80fbd72ac4bc2cf51bbb093eed34" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.022ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f=v/\lambda }"></span></b></div><p> where v is speed and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>λ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }"></span> (Lambda) is wavelength. The formula for the <i>frequency</i> of light waves is <b><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f=c/\lambda }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>λ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f=c/\lambda }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/db56df9b10deab29189d2bfce62ec571d006e863" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.902ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f=c/\lambda }"></span></b> where the c is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Speed_of_light&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Speed of light (page does not exist)">speed of light</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FrequencyAnimation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/FrequencyAnimation.gif/150px-FrequencyAnimation.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/FrequencyAnimation.gif/225px-FrequencyAnimation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/FrequencyAnimation.gif 2x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Three flashing lights, from the lowest frequency (top) to the highest one (bottom).</figcaption></figure> <p>Different types of waves have different <i>frequencies</i>. One way to visualize this is if there were two trains traveling at the same speed, but the size of the train cars was smaller on one train than the other. If someone picked something that was not moving, like a signpost, and then counted how many train cars passed the sign post in one second for each train, they would know the frequency of cars passing in each train. The number and frequency of train cars passing the sign post would be different, because the train with smaller train cars would have more train cars passing the sign post in a second than the train with larger train cars. Knowing how many cars passed the sign post in one second, and knowing the speed of the train, one could figure out mathematically the size of each train car for each train. </p><p>For example, if the train was moving at 10 miles per second, and 10 train cars passed in one second, then each train car would be 1 mile long. If the other train was also moving at 10 miles per second and 20 train cars passed in one second, then one would know that each train car was 1/2 of a mile long for that train. This example shows that knowing the frequency of an electromagnetic wave gives you the wavelength, since all electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light so that c = v (lambda) where v is frequency and lambda is wavelength, and c is the speed of light. 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