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class="vector-toc-link" href="#His_vocation_as_reformer,_churchman,_and_theologian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>His vocation as reformer, churchman, and theologian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-His_vocation_as_reformer,_churchman,_and_theologian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Autobiography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autobiography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Autobiography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autobiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Church_government_and_oversight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Church_government_and_oversight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Church government and oversight</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Church_government_and_oversight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Confessions_of_faith_and_documents_relating_to_the_Formula_of_Concord" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confessions_of_faith_and_documents_relating_to_the_Formula_of_Concord"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Confessions of faith and documents relating to the Formula of Concord</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Preface to a work by Heinrich Bünting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preface_to_a_work_by_Heinrich_Bünting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reports_and_task_force_studies_(Gutachten)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reports_and_task_force_studies_(Gutachten)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Reports and task force studies (<i>Gutachten</i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reports_and_task_force_studies_(Gutachten)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scholastic_disputation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scholastic_disputation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Scholastic disputation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scholastic_disputation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theological_treatises" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theological_treatises"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Theological treatises</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theological_treatises-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biographies_and_research_on_Chemnitz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biographies_and_research_on_Chemnitz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Biographies and research on Chemnitz</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biographies_and_research_on_Chemnitz-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Biographies and research on Chemnitz subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biographies_and_research_on_Chemnitz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Chemnitz</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chemnitz" title="Martin Chemnitz – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Martin Chemnitz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chemnitz_(Theologe)" title="Martin Chemnitz (Theologe) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Martin Chemnitz (Theologe)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chemnitz" title="Martin Chemnitz – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Martin Chemnitz" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chemnitz" title="Martin Chemnitz – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Martin Chemnitz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%8B%B4_%EC%BC%90%EB%8B%88%EC%B8%A0" title="마르틴 켐니츠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마르틴 켐니츠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chemnitz" title="Martin Chemnitz – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Martin Chemnitz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinus_Chemnitius" title="Martinus Chemnitius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Martinus Chemnitius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81rti%C5%86%C5%A1_Kemnics" title="Mārtiņš Kemnics – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mārtiņš Kemnics" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="مارتين تشيمنيتز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارتين تشيمنيتز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chemnitz" title="Martin Chemnitz – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Martin Chemnitz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chemnitz" title="Martin Chemnitz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Martin Chemnitz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chemnitz_(te%C3%B3logo)" title="Martin Chemnitz (teólogo) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Martin Chemnitz (teólogo)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хемниц, Мартин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хемниц, Мартин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chemnitz_(teol%C3%B3g)" title="Martin Chemnitz (teológ) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Martin Chemnitz (teológ)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chemnitz" title="Martin Chemnitz – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Martin Chemnitz" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chemnitz" title="Martin Chemnitz – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Martin Chemnitz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%86%E5%B0%BC%E8%8C%A8" title="马丁·开姆尼茨 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马丁·开姆尼茨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q63146#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Martin Chemnitz</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin-Chemnitz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Martin-Chemnitz.jpg/220px-Martin-Chemnitz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Martin-Chemnitz.jpg/330px-Martin-Chemnitz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Martin-Chemnitz.jpg/440px-Martin-Chemnitz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="1175" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1522-11-09">9 November 1522</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Treuenbrietzen" title="Treuenbrietzen">Treuenbrietzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Margraviate of Brandenburg</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1586-04-08">8 April 1586</span> (aged 63)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Formula_of_Concord" title="Formula of Concord">Formula of Concord</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Andreae" title="Jakob Andreae">Jakob Andreae</a>), <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Book of Concord</a> (1580), (with <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Andreae" title="Jakob Andreae">Jakob Andreae</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Martin Chemnitz</b> (9 November 1522 – 8 April 1586) was an eminent second-generation <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Evangelical Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian theologian</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformers" title="Protestant Reformers">Protestant reformer</a>, churchman, and confessor.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Evangelical Lutheran tradition he is known as <i>Alter Martinus,</i> the "Second Martin": <i>Si Martinus non fuisset, Martinus vix stetisset</i> ("If Martin [Chemnitz] had not come along, Martin [<a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a>] would hardly have survived") goes a common saying concerning him. He is <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_Saints_(Lutheran)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of Saints (Lutheran)">listed and remembered</a> in the Calendar of Saints and Commemorations in the Liturgical Church Year as a pastor and confessor by both the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church%E2%80%93Missouri_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Chemnitz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chemnitz, born in <a href="/wiki/Treuenbrietzen" title="Treuenbrietzen">Treuenbrietzen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> to Paul and Euphemia Chemnitz, was the last of three children.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His older siblings' names were Matthew and Ursula. His father was a successful merchant who died when Martin was eleven:<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thereafter, the family suffered from financial difficulties. </p><p>When he was old enough, Martin matriculated in <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a>. Upon completion of the course work, he became a <a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">weaver</a>'s apprentice. He helped his family with its clothing business for the next few years. When he was 20, he resumed his education at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Frankfurt_(Oder)" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Frankfurt (Oder)">University of Frankfurt (Oder)</a>. He remained in school until his finances were exhausted; he then took a teaching job in the town of <a href="/wiki/Wriezen" title="Wriezen">Wriezen</a>, supplementing his income by collecting the local sales tax on fish. His time at Frankfurt gave him the basic tools to continue his education on his own, researching areas in which he was interested and applying his naturally inquisitive mind to problems that others had worried over in the past. </p><p>In 1545 Chemnitz accompanied his cousin <a href="/wiki/Georg_Sabinus" title="Georg Sabinus">Georg Sabinus</a> to school at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wittenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wittenberg">University of Wittenberg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wittenberg" title="Wittenberg">Wittenberg, Germany</a><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1545–1547), where he studied under <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> (1483-1546) and <a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Philip Melanchthon</a> (1497-1560). From Melanchthon he learned to shape his theological education, beginning with the difference between "law" and "gospel". In Chemnitz's words, though he heard Luther lecture often, he "did not pay Luther the attention he should have." (cf. Autobiography) Because of Luther's death and political events, Chemnitz transferred to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="University of Königsberg">University of Königsberg</a> (1547–1548). Chemnitz graduated in the first class with a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">Master of Arts</a> degree (1548). However, a plague soon infested the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic</a> <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German</a> port town of <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg">Königsberg</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a>, (today renamed <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a> since occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in 1945 at the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, now annexed into the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>) so Chemnitz left quickly for <a href="/wiki/Zalewo" title="Zalewo">Saalfeld</a>. When he judged it safe, Chemnitz returned to Königsberg in 1550, now employed by <a href="/wiki/Albert,_Duke_of_Prussia" title="Albert, Duke of Prussia">Albert, Duke of Prussia</a>, as the court librarian for the <a href="/wiki/Konigsberg_State_and_University_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Konigsberg State and University Library">Konigsberg State and University Library</a>. In return for caring for the library and teaching a few courses as a tutor, he had unrestricted access to what was then considered one of the finest libraries in Europe (and unfortunately later damaged and lost with its contents and elaborate building 400 years later during the battles swirling around the <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a> city on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> of the Second World War in 1944–1945). </p><p>For the first time Chemnitz applied himself completely to <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theological</a> study. During these years his interest shifted from <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrology</a>, which he had studied in <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a>. He began his own course of study by carefully working through the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> in the original languages of <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a> with the goal of answering questions that had previously puzzled him. When he felt ready to move on, he turned his attention to the <a href="/wiki/Fathers_of_the_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Fathers of the Church">early theologians of the Church</a>, whose writings he read slowly and carefully. Then he turned to current theological concerns, again reading slowly while painstakingly making copious notes. This early method of <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_scholasticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran scholasticism">Lutheran scholastic</a> self-study had been suggested by Melanchthon in his Writings (cf. Autobiography). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="His_vocation_as_reformer,_churchman,_and_theologian"><span id="His_vocation_as_reformer.2C_churchman.2C_and_theologian"></span>His vocation as reformer, churchman, and theologian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Chemnitz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: His vocation as reformer, churchman, and theologian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Lutheranism" title="Category:Lutheranism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:160%;"><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luther%27s_rose" title="Luther's rose"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Lutherrose.svg/125px-Lutherrose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Lutherrose.svg/188px-Lutherrose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Lutherrose.svg/250px-Lutherrose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther#The_start_of_the_Reformation" title="Martin Luther">Start of the Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Doctrine and theology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creeds</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed#Lutheran_Church" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Book of Concord</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">Augsburg Confession</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apology_of_the_Augsburg_Confession" title="Apology of the Augsburg Confession">Apology of the Augsburg Confession</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luther%27s_Small_Catechism" title="Luther's Small Catechism">Luther's Small</a> / <a href="/wiki/Luther%27s_Large_Catechism" title="Luther's Large Catechism">Large Catechism</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smalcald_Articles" title="Smalcald Articles">Smalcald Articles</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_the_Power_and_Primacy_of_the_Pope" title="Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope">Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope</a></li></ul></div><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_of_Concord" title="Formula of Concord">Formula of Concord</a></li></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran theology">Distinctive theological concepts</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Martin_Luther" title="Theology of Martin Luther">Theology of Martin Luther</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justification_(theology)#Lutheranism" title="Justification (theology)">Justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_Gospel" title="Law and Gospel">Law and Gospel</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sola_gratia" title="Sola gratia">Sola gratia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sola_scriptura" title="Sola scriptura">Sola scriptura</a></i></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scholastic_Lutheran_Christology" title="Scholastic Lutheran Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctification_in_Christianity#Lutheranism" title="Sanctification in Christianity">Sanctification</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two_kingdoms_doctrine" title="Two kingdoms doctrine">Two kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicity#Lutheranism" title="Catholicity">catholicity</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Two states of the Church</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_all_believers" title="Priesthood of all believers">Priesthood of all believers</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_providence#Lutheran_theology" title="Divine providence">Divine Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Mariology" title="Lutheran Mariology">Marian theology</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_the_Cross" title="Theology of the Cross">Theology of the Cross</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_union" title="Sacramental union">Sacramental Union</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> Other relevant topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Lutheranism" title="Homosexuality and Lutheranism">Homosexuality</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_sacraments" title="Lutheran sacraments">Sacraments</a> and worship</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_(Lutheran_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism (Lutheran Church)">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_Lutheranism" title="Eucharist in Lutheranism">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confession_(Lutheran_Church)" title="Confession (Lutheran Church)">Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_(Lutheran_Church)" title="Confirmation (Lutheran Church)">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage#Protestantism" title="Christian views on marriage">Matrimony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick" class="mw-redirect" title="Anointing of the Sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders#Lutheranism" title="Holy orders">Holy Orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Lutheran)" title="Divine Service (Lutheran)">Divine Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matins_in_Lutheranism" title="Matins in Lutheranism">Matins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespers_in_Lutheranism" title="Vespers in Lutheranism">Vespers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_calendar_(Lutheran)" title="Liturgical calendar (Lutheran)">Liturgical calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Lutheran)" title="Calendar of saints (Lutheran)">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_hymn" title="Lutheran hymn">Lutheran hymn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Lutheran_hymnody" title="Template:Lutheran hymnody">Lutheran hymnwriters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_church_music_during_and_after_the_Reformation#Emergence_of_Protestant_church_music" title="Protestant church music during and after the Reformation">Normative principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_art" title="Lutheran art">Lutheran art</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Organization</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Confessional_Evangelical_Lutheran_Conference" title="Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference">Confessional Evangelical<br />Lutheran Conference</a></div></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Confessional_and_Missional_Lutheran_Forum" title="Global Confessional and Missional Lutheran Forum">Global Confessional &<br />Missional Lutheran Forum</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lutheran_Council" title="International Lutheran Council">International Lutheran Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_World_Federation" title="Lutheran World Federation">Lutheran World Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lutheran_denominations" title="List of Lutheran denominations">Denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism_by_region" title="Lutheranism by region">Lutheranism by region</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lutheranism" title="History of Lutheranism">History of Lutheranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-protestantism" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypto-protestantism">Crypto-Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnesio-Lutherans" title="Gnesio-Lutherans">Gnesio-Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_orthodoxy" title="Lutheran orthodoxy">Lutheran orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Pietism" title="Radical Pietism">Radical Pietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haugean" class="mw-redirect" title="Haugean">Haugeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laestadianism" title="Laestadianism">Laestadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awakening_(Finnish_religious_movement)" title="Awakening (Finnish religious movement)">Finnish Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Lutherans" title="Old Lutherans">Old Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Lutheranism" title="Neo-Lutheranism">Neo-Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_church_Lutheranism" title="High church Lutheranism">High church Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessional_Lutheranism" title="Confessional Lutheranism">Confessional Lutheranism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Key figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><b>Missionaries</b> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Campanius" title="John Campanius">John Campanius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholom%C3%A4us_Ziegenbalg" title="Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg">Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Egede" title="Hans Egede">Hans Egede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Callenberg" title="Johann Heinrich Callenberg">Johann Heinrich Callenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Phillip_Fabricius" title="Johann Phillip Fabricius">Johann Phillip Fabricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Henkel" title="Paul Henkel">Paul Henkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Christian_Frederick_Heyer" title="John Christian Frederick Heyer">John Christian Frederick Heyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Graul" title="Karl Graul">Karl Graul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martti_Rautanen" title="Martti Rautanen">Martti Rautanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Sihler" title="Wilhelm Sihler">Wilhelm Sihler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._C._D._Wyneken" title="F. C. D. Wyneken">F. C. D. Wyneken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Paludan_Smith_Schreuder" title="Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder">Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Olsen_Skrefsrud" title="Lars Olsen Skrefsrud">Lars Olsen Skrefsrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Ingwer_Nommensen" title="Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen">Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesimos_Nesib" title="Onesimos Nesib">Onesimos Nesib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Olaf_Bodding" title="Paul Olaf Bodding">Paul Olaf Bodding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Flierl" title="Johann Flierl">Johann Flierl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Keyser" title="Christian Keyser">Christian Keyser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Christensen_(bishop)" title="Jens Christensen (bishop)">Jens Christensen</a></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Bible Translators</b> </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther#Translation_of_the_Bible" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casiodoro_de_Reina" title="Casiodoro de Reina">Casiodoro de Reina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjell_Magne_Yri" title="Kjell Magne Yri">Kjell Magne Yri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesimos_Nesib" title="Onesimos Nesib">Onesimos Nesib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aster_Ganno" title="Aster Ganno">Aster Ganno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristian_Osvald_Vider%C3%B8" title="Kristian Osvald Viderø">Kristian Osvald Viderø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1kup_Dahl" title="Jákup Dahl">Jákup Dahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholom%C3%A4us_Ziegenbalg" title="Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg">Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Phillip_Fabricius#Bible_translation" title="Johann Phillip Fabricius">Johann Phillip Fabricius</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Tyndale" title="William Tyndale">William Tyndale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rogers_(Bible_editor_and_martyr)" title="John Rogers (Bible editor and martyr)">John Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Constantine_(priest)" title="George Constantine (priest)">George Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Roh%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="Jozef Roháček">Jozef Roháček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Avetaranian" title="Johannes Avetaranian">Johannes Avetaranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%B0brandur_%C3%9Eorl%C3%A1ksson" title="Guðbrandur Þorláksson">Guðbrandur Þorláksson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Kurdish" title="Bible translations into Kurdish">Ludvig Olsen Fossum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Egede" title="Hans Egede">Hans Egede</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Egede" title="Paul Egede">Paul Egede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Fabricius" title="Otto Fabricius">Otto Fabricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nils_Vibe_Stockfleth" title="Nils Vibe Stockfleth">Nils Vibe Stockfleth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaus_Petri" title="Olaus Petri">Olaus Petri</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Petri" title="Laurentius Petri">Laurentius Petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martti_Rautanen" title="Martti Rautanen">Martti Rautanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primo%C5%BE_Trubar" title="Primož Trubar">Primož Trubar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurij_Dalmatin" title="Jurij Dalmatin">Jurij Dalmatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Ingwer_Nommensen" title="Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen">Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Krelj" title="Sebastian Krelj">Sebastian Krelj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikael_Agricola" title="Mikael Agricola">Mikael Agricola</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Bible_Society" title="Norwegian Bible Society">Norwegian Bible Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Bible_Society" title="Swedish Bible Society">Swedish Bible Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ludwik_Zasadius" title="Samuel Ludwik Zasadius">Samuel Ludwik Zasadius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislovas_Rapolionis" title="Stanislovas Rapolionis">Stanislovas Rapolionis</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Andreae" title="Laurentius Andreae">Laurentius Andreae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Tausen" title="Hans Tausen">Hans Tausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_M._Norlie" title="Olaf M. Norlie">Olaf M. Norlie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Bretk%C5%ABnas" title="Jonas Bretkūnas">Jonas Bretkūnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Paludan_Smith_Schreuder" title="Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder">Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Brucioli" title="Antonio Brucioli">Antonio Brucioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbs#Language_and_culture" title="Sorbs">Mikołaj Jakubica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Bel" title="Matthias Bel">Matthias Bel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Ernst_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Johann Ernst Glück">Johann Ernst Glück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Beck" title="William F. Beck">William F. Beck</a></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Theologians</b> </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> / <a href="/wiki/Katharina_von_Bora" title="Katharina von Bora">Katharina von Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Philip Melanchthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Bugenhagen" title="Johannes Bugenhagen">Johannes Bugenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brenz" title="Johannes Brenz">Johannes Brenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justus_Jonas" title="Justus Jonas">Justus Jonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Tausen" title="Hans Tausen">Hans Tausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Petri" title="Laurentius Petri">Laurentius Petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaus_Petri" title="Olaus Petri">Olaus Petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikael_Agricola" title="Mikael Agricola">Mikael Agricola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Flacius" title="Matthias Flacius">Matthias Flacius</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Martin Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gerhard" title="Johann Gerhard">Johann Gerhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Calovius" title="Abraham Calovius">Abraham Calovius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Andreas_Quenstedt" title="Johannes Andreas Quenstedt">Johannes Andreas Quenstedt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Baier" title="Johann Wilhelm Baier">Johann Wilhelm Baier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Spener" title="Philipp Spener">Philipp Spener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hollatz_(dogmatician)" title="David Hollatz (dogmatician)">David Hollaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke">August Hermann Francke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Muhlenberg" title="Henry Muhlenberg">Henry Muhlenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Levi_Laestadius" title="Lars Levi Laestadius">Lars Levi Laestadius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Porterfield_Krauth" title="Charles Porterfield Krauth">Charles Porterfield Krauth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._F._W._Walther" title="C. F. W. Walther">C. F. W. Walther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Ritschl" title="Albrecht Ritschl">Albrecht Ritschl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Herrmann" title="Wilhelm Herrmann">Wilhelm Herrmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Stellhorn" title="Frederick William Stellhorn">F. W. Stellhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Otto" title="Rudolf Otto">Rudolf Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Troeltsch" title="Ernst Troeltsch">Ernst Troeltsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Bultmann" title="Rudolf Bultmann">Rudolf Bultmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tillich" title="Paul Tillich">Paul Tillich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Sasse" title="Hermann Sasse">Hermann Sasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Bonhoeffer" title="Dietrich Bonhoeffer">Dietrich Bonhoeffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Pannenberg" title="Wolfhart Pannenberg">Wolfhart Pannenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenson" title="Robert Jenson">Robert Jenson</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lutheranism" title="Template:Lutheranism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lutheranism" title="Template talk:Lutheranism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lutheranism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lutheranism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Chemnitz moved back to <a href="/wiki/Wittenberg" title="Wittenberg">Wittenberg</a> in 1553<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a guest of <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Melanchthon" class="mw-redirect" title="Philipp Melanchthon">Melanchthon</a>. In January 1554 he joined the <a href="/wiki/Wittenberg_University" title="Wittenberg University">Wittenberg University</a> faculty. He lectured on Melanchthon's <i>Loci Communes</i>, from which lectures he compiled his own <i>Loci Theologici,</i> a system of theology. He was <a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">ordained</a> to the ministry on 26 November 1554 by <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Bugenhagen" title="Johannes Bugenhagen">Johannes Bugenhagen</a> (1485-1558), and became co-adjutor of <a href="/wiki/Joachim_M%C3%B6rlin" title="Joachim Mörlin">Joachim Mörlin</a> (1514-1571), who was <a href="/wiki/Superintendent_(ecclesiastical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Superintendent (ecclesiastical)">ecclesiastical superintendent</a> for the Duchy of <a href="/wiki/Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a>. When Mörlin resigned in 1567, Chemnitz became his successor; he held the post for the rest of his life. </p><p>Through his leadership, Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel was brought firmly into <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheranism" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Lutheranism">Evangelical Lutheranism</a>. There he helped his prince, Duke <a href="/wiki/Julius_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Julius of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a>, establish the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Helmstedt" title="University of Helmstedt">University of Helmstedt</a> (1575–76). With <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Andreae" title="Jakob Andreae">Jakob Andreae</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Chytraeus" title="David Chytraeus">David Chytraeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Selnecker" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Selnecker">Nicholas Selnecker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Musculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Musculus">Andrew Musculus</a> and others, Chemnitz took part in a centrist movement that brought agreement among German Lutherans in the writing and publication of the <i><a href="/wiki/Formula_of_Concord" title="Formula of Concord">Formula of Concord</a></i> (1577), of which Chemnitz was one of the primary authors. He was instrumental in the publication of the definitive <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Book of Concord: Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></i> presented in 1580, containing a series of important earlier confessional theological documents, treatises, commentaries, catechisms as the compilation of the doctrinal standard of the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church">Evangelical Lutheran Church</a>. Other major works are <i>Examen Concilii Tridentini</i><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i><a href="/wiki/Examination_of_the_Council_of_Trent" title="Examination of the Council of Trent">Examination of the Council of Trent</a></i>) and <i>De Duabis Naturis in Christo</i> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=On_the_Two_Natures_in_Christ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="On the Two Natures in Christ (page does not exist)">On the Two Natures in Christ</a></i>). These works demonstrate Martin Chemnitz's abilities as a biblical, doctrinal and historical theologian in the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Orthodoxy">orthodox Lutheran</a> tradition. He died in <a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Chemnitz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autobiography">Autobiography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Chemnitz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Autobiography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Martin Chemnitii einhändige Lebens-Beschreibung. Nebst denen ihm zu Braunschweig gesetzen Epitaphiis [Martin Chemnitz's Submitted Life-Description {Autobiography}. Together with the Epitaphs Erected to Him in Braunschweig]</i>. 1719. Translated into English as <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fi8bAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA472&vq=%22An+Autobiography+of+Martin+Kemnitz%22&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1_1">An Autobiography of Martin Chemnitz</a>.</i> A.L. Graebner, trans. <i>Theological Quarterly</i>, vol. 3, no. 4 (1899).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Church_government_and_oversight">Church government and oversight</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Chemnitz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Church government and oversight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Brevis et Simplex Forma Examinis de Praecipuis Doctrinae Caelestis Capitibus [Brief and Simple Form of Examination concerning the Principal Chapters of Celestial Doctrine].</i> 1571.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Kirchen-Ordnung, wie es mit Lehr und Ceremonien des Fürstenthums-Braunschweig [Church Order, As to Doctrine and Ceremonies, of the Duchy of Braunschweig]</i>. 1569.</li> <li><i>Ministry, Word, and Sacraments: An Enchiridion.</i> Luther Poellot, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1981. (Originally published in 1593 [German] and 1603 [Latin] as <i>Enchiridion D. Martini Chemnitii</i>.)</li> <li><i>Ein Schone vnnd richtige Form zu beichten [A Good and Proper Form for Confess{ing} {One's Sins}].</i> 1603.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confessions_of_faith_and_documents_relating_to_the_Formula_of_Concord">Confessions of faith and documents relating to the Formula of Concord</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Chemnitz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Confessions of faith and documents relating to the Formula of Concord"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Acta formulae concordiae in Bergensi coenobio prope Magdeburgum [Records of the </i>Formula of Concord<i> in Bergen Abbey near Magdeburg]</i>. 1707 with Nicholas Selnecker. (The deliberations of the writers of the <i><a href="/wiki/Formula_of_Concord" title="Formula of Concord">Formula of Concord</a></i> to finalize that document).</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W-RDAAAAcAAJ">Apologia, oder Verantwortung deẞ Christlichen ConcordienBuchs</a></i>, which appeared in Latin translation as <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Pps8AAAAcAAJ">Apologia libri Christianae concordiae</a> [literally: Apology of the Christian Book of Concord]</i>. with Timothy Kirchner and Nicolaus Selneccer, 1583. (known as <i>The Apology of the <a href="/wiki/Formula_of_Concord" title="Formula of Concord">Formula of Concord</a></i>)</li> <li><i>Christliches Bedenken auf Doct. Majors Repetitio und endliche Erklärung belangend den Streit [Christian Reflections on Dr. Major's {work}, "Repetitio," and Finally {an} Explanation As Far As the Controversy Is Concerned]</i>. 1568.</li> <li><i>Confessio ministeri Saxoni Konfession und Erklärung [Confession of the Ministers of Saxony: Confession and Explanation]</i>. 1571. (Text in German).</li> <li><i>Corpus doctrinae Prutenicum [The Prussian Body of Doctrine]</i>. 1568. (An Anthology of Lutheran Statements of Faith for the German domain of Prussia)</li> <li><i>Corpus doctrinae Julium [The {Duke} Julius Body of Doctrine]</i>. 1576. (An Anthology of Lutheran Statements of Faith for Duke Julius's Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel).</li> <li><i>Formulae Recte Sentiendi de Praecipuis Horum Temporum Controversiis [Forms of Thinking Correctly concerning the Chief Controversies of These Times]</i>. 1576 (Found in the <i>Corpus Doctrinae Wilhelminum</i> and the <i>Corpus Doctrinae Iulium</i>).</li> <li><i>Judicium de Controversiis qvibusdam circa qvosdam A.C. articulos.</i> 1594. Also known as: <i>De Controversiis quibusdam, quae superiori tempore circa quosdam Augustanae Confessionis articulos motae agitatae sunt, Iudicium d. Martini Chemnitii</i>, Polycarp Leyser, ed. Wittenberg, 1594 [<i>Judgment on Certain Controversies concerning Certain Articles of the <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">Augsburg Confession</a> Which Have Recently Arisen and Caused Controversy</i>].<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Solida ac vera Confessionis Augustanae historie ... [History of the Solid and True Augsburg Confession]</i> with Timothy Kirchner and Nicholas Selnecker, 1585.</li> <li><i>Wiederholte Christi gemeine Confession der Sächischen Kirchen [Reiterated Christian General Confession of the Saxon Church].</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homiletical_and_devotional_writings">Homiletical and devotional writings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Chemnitz&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Homiletical and devotional writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Andächtige Gebete wider die Teuffel in den armen besessen Leuten [Devout Prayers against the Devil in the Poor Possessed People]</i>. 1596.</li> <li><i>Eine andere Predigt von auffrichtung Christlicher Schulen [Another Sermon on the Erecting of Christian Schools]</i>. 1573.</li> <li><i>Consilium ... de lectione patrum [Counsel ... On the Reading of the {church} Fathers]</i>. 1616.</li> <li><i>Echt evangelische aulegung de Sonn- und Festtags-evangelien des kirchenjahrs [Genuinely Evangelical Interpretation of the Sunday and Feastday Gospels of the Church Year]</i>. 1872–1878. <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/echtevangelisch05gerhgoog">Erster Band</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/echtevangelisch04gerhgoog">Zweiter Band</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/echtevangelisch02gerhgoog">Dritter Band</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PvwGv-3SpQYC">Vierter Band</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_671LQ8xMH0C">Fünfter Band</a></li> <li>Sechster Band</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/echtevangelisch03gerhgoog">Siebenter Band</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Harmoniae Evangelicae [Harmony of the Gospels].</i> 1593.</li> <li><i>Historia der Passion Christi [History of the Passion of Christ].</i> 1590.</li> <li><i>Leich-Pred., Herrn Victor Beseken, gewessen Bürgemeisters in Bremen [Funeral Sermon for Lord Victor Beseken, Former Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Bremen_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bremen (city)">Bremen</a>]</i> 1612.</li> <li><i>Leich-Predigt, in funere Christoph von Blanckenburg, anno 1573 gethan [Funeral Sermon, at the Burial of Christoph von Blanckenburg, given in the Year 1573]</i>. 1578.</li> <li><i>Oratio de Lectione Patrum, habita [Oration Concerning the Reading of the Fathers, Delivered ...]</i>. 1554.</li> <li><i>Oratio habita in Introductione Universitatis Juliae [{An} Oration Delivered at the Introduction of the University of {Duke} Julius].</i> 1576</li> <li><i>Oratio panegyrica, das ist, Trost- und Ehren-Predigt bey des weyland ... M. Chemnitii ... Leichbestätigung [Panegyrical Oration, that is, Comforting and Honoring Sermon of M. Chemnitz at the formerly ... Burial].</i> 1627.</li> <li><i>Postilla: oder Auslegung der Euangelien welche auff die Sontage, auch die fürnembste Fest und Apostel Tage in der Gemeine Gottes abgelesen und erkläret werden [Postils: Or Interpretation of the Gospels, which on the Sundays, also the Foremost Feast and Apostle Days, in the Congregation of God Are Read and Explained].</i> 1593.</li> <li><i>Postille, oder Erklärung der ordentlichen Sonn- und Fest-Tags Evangelien [Postil, or Explanation of the Proper Sun- and Feastdays' Gospels].</i> 1594.</li> <li><i>Predigt am Sonntag Septuagesima [Sermon for Septuagesima Sunday].</i> 1866.</li> <li><i>Eine Predigt bey der Einführung der Julius-Universität zu Helmstedt [A Sermon at the Introduction of the {Duke} Julius-University at Helmstedt].</i> [German text of <i>Oratio habita in Introductione Universitatis Juliae</i>] 1576.</li> <li><i>Eine Predigt über das Evangelion Matthew 22 [A Sermon on Matthew 22].</i> 1573.</li> <li><i>Ein Predigt ... über John 3:1-15 (über Luke 18:9-14) [A Sermon ... on John 3:1-15 (on Luke 18:9-14)].</i> 1856–1886.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Letters">Letters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Chemnitz&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Letters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Epistola de coena Domini in tertiam Apologiam Bezae [Letter Concerning the Lord's Supper in the Third Apology of Beza].</i></li> <li><i>Epistolae Martini Chemnitii ad Matthiam Ritterum [Letters of Martin Chemnitz to Matthias Ritter].</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preface_to_a_work_by_Heinrich_Bünting"><span id="Preface_to_a_work_by_Heinrich_B.C3.BCnting"></span>Preface to a work by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%BCnting" title="Heinrich Bünting">Heinrich Bünting</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Chemnitz&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Preface to a work by Heinrich Bünting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Prefatio Doctoris M. Chemnitij [to] Heinrich Bünting's Itineranium et Chronicon ecclesiasticum totius Sacrae Scriptureae [Preface of Doctor M{artin} Chemnitz to Heinrich Bünting's Itinerary and Ecclesiastical Chronicle of All the Holy Scriptures].</i> 1581.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reports_and_task_force_studies_(Gutachten)"><span id="Reports_and_task_force_studies_.28Gutachten.29"></span>Reports and task force studies (<i>Gutachten</i>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Chemnitz&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reports and task force studies (Gutachten)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Bedencken: An justum sit, fures punire suspendie [Reflection: Whether It Be Just, to Punish Thieves By Hanging]</i>.</li> <li><i>Bedencken der Theologen zu Braunschwiegk/von dem newen Wittenbergischen Catchismo gestallet/der gantzen Christenheit zur Warnung ausgengen [Reflection of the Theologians of Braunschweig on the New Placed Wittenberg Catechism to All Christendom Sent Out As a Warning]</i>. 1571. (This document helped Elector August of Saxony uncover a plot to undermine the Lutheran faith of his duchy on the part of Crypto-Calvinist ministers and teachers.)</li> <li><i>Bedencken: Ob die Worte der Einsetzung notwendig müssen recitiret werden? [Reflection: Whether the Words of Institution {of the Lord's Supper} Must Necessarily Be Recited]</i>.</li> <li><i>Bedencken von Beruff und Enterlaubung der Predigter [Reflection on the Call and Authorization of Preachers]</i>.</li> <li><i>Bericht vom newen Baptischen Gregoriano Calendario, an den Landgraffen zu Hessen [Report on the New Papal Gregorian calendar, to the Landgrave of Hesse]</i>. 1584. (Chemnitz had been trained as an astrologer, and he was consulted on the advisability of adopting the new 1582 <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> in place of the old <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>.)</li> <li><i>Bericht von Gelegenheit und Unterschiedt der Herzogstümer Schleswig und Holtzstein [Report on {the} Location and Division of the Duchies of Schleswig and Holtstein]</i>. 1629.</li> <li><i>Consilium de vitandis Calvinianis [Counsel On Avoiding Calvinists]</i>. 1623.</li> <li><i>De coelibatu judicium [Judgment Concerning <a href="/wiki/Chastity" title="Chastity">Celibacy</a> ]</i>. 1623.</li> <li><i>Judicium de Calendario Gregoriano [Judgment concerning the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> ].</i></li> <li><i>Judicium von der Nohtwehre [Judgment concerning Self-Defense].</i> 1623.</li> <li><i>Monita Chemnitiana oder heilsame Erinnerungen ehmals von D. Martino Chemnitio bey solenner Einführung der Julius-Universität [Chemnitian {Chemnitz} Admonitions or Salutary Reminders Formerly by Dr. Martin Chemnitz at the Solemn Introduction of the {Duke} Julius University]</i>. 1716.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scholastic_disputation">Scholastic disputation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Chemnitz&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Scholastic disputation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Disputatio Theologica de Beneficiis Filii Dei, Domini, & Redemptoris nostri JESU CHRISTI, pro summis in Theologia honoribus consequendis habita [Theological Disputation Concerning the Blessings of the Son of God, Our Lord and Redeemer Jesus Christ, Held for the Highest Suitable Honors in Theology]</i>. 1568 (A theological disputation qualifying someone for a doctorate in theology).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theological_treatises">Theological treatises</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Chemnitz&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Theological treatises"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Anatome Propositionum Alberti Hardenbergii de Coena Domini [Anatomy/Dissection of the Propositions of Albert Hardenberg on the Lord's Supper]</i>. 1561.</li> <li><i>Bekäntnitz von der ubiquität [Confession on Ubiquity]</i>. 1623. (A document that presents Chemnitz's position on the doctrine of the omnipresence of Christ's human nature)</li> <li><i>De incarnatione filii Dei item de officio et maiestate Christi tractus [Treatise on the Incarnation of the Son of God, Also on the Office and Majesty of Christ]</i>. 1865.</li> <li><i>De origine Jeswitarum, et quo concilio secta illa recens instituta sit [On the Origin of the <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a>, and Counsel Concerning Which That Sect Is Recently Instituted]</i>. 1611.</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fYOjvC2T9qIC&pg=PA232&dq">Examination of the Council of Trent</a>.</i> Fred Kramer, trans. 4 vols. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1971-86 (Originally published in 1565-73 as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/examinisconcili00chemgoog">Examen Concilii Tridentini</a>.)</li> <li><i>Loci Theologici.</i> <a href="/wiki/J._A._O._Preus_II" title="J. A. O. Preus II">J. A. O. Preus</a>, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1989; <i>Justification: The Chief Article of Christian Doctrine as Expoiunded in Loci Theologici.</i> <a href="/wiki/J._A._O._Preus_II" title="J. A. O. Preus II">J.A.O Preus</a>, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1985 (Originally published in 1591 as <i>Loci Theologici</i>.) <ul><li>Chapter on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226003419/http://www.lcms.org/graphics/assets/media/WRHC/On%20Almsgiving.pdf">Almsgiving from Loci Theologici</a>, translated into English in .pdf format</li></ul></li> <li><i>The Lord's Prayer.</i> Georg Williams, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1999 (Originally published in English translation as <i>A Svbstantial and godly exposition of the praier commonly called the Lords prayer.</i> Cambridge, 1598; the original Latin text, never published, has been lost).</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fYOjvC2T9qIC&pg=PA231&dq">The Lord's Supper</a>.</i> <a href="/wiki/J._A._O._Preus_II" title="J. A. O. Preus II">J. A. O. Preus</a>, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1979. (Originally published in 1561 as <i>Repititio sanae doctrinae de vera praesentia corporis et sangvinis Domini in Coena</i>.)</li> <li><i>Martini Kemnitinii Von der Jesuwiten ankunfft unnd ursprung [Martin Chemnitz on the Arrival and Origin of the <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a>]</i>. 1586.</li> <li><i>Ob ein Prediger am Ältare sich selbst communiciren möge [Whether a Preacher at the Altar Might Commune Himself]</i>. 1623.</li> <li><i>Richtige und inn H. Schrifft wolgegründte Erklarung / entlicher hochwichtiger und nötiger Artickel unser Christlichen Religion / in sonderliche Tractat und Predigten gefasset [An Explanation, Correct and Well-Grounded in Holy Scripture, of Quite a Few Highly Important and Necessary Articles of Our Christian Religion Contained in Special Treatises and Sermons].</i> 1592.</li> <li><i>Theologiæ Jesuitarum Brevis ac Nervosa Descriptio et Delineatio: Ex Præcipuis Capitibus Censuræ ipsorum, quæ Anno MDLX. Coloniæ edita est [A Brief and Bold Description and Delineation of the Theology of the <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a>: From the Principal Chapters of Their Own Opinions, the Year of Which {is} 1560].</i> 1560.</li> <li><i>Theses quaedam de unione duarum naturarum in Christo hypostatica: item de officiis et maiestate Christi Mediatoris [Some Theses Concerning the Hypostatic Union of the Two Natures in Christ: That Is, Concerning the Offices and Majesty of Christ the Mediator].</i> 1558.</li> <li><i>Tract. de Imagine DEI in homine [Treatise on the Image of God in Man].</i> 1570.</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fYOjvC2T9qIC&pg=PA227&dq">The Two Natures of Christ</a>.</i> <a href="/wiki/J._A._O._Preus_II" title="J. A. O. Preus II">J. A. O. Preus</a>, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1971. (Originally published in 1578 as <i>De Duabus Naturis in Christo: De hypostatica earum unione: De communicatione idiomaticum</i>; a shorter edition was published in 1570.)</li> <li><i>Veritas religionis Lutheranae defensa [Defense of the Truth of the Lutheran Religion].</i> (Text in German).</li> <li><i>Von der ewigen gnadenwahl [On the Eternal Election of Grace].</i> 1892.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biographies_and_research_on_Chemnitz">Biographies and research on Chemnitz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Chemnitz&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Biographies and research on Chemnitz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Antiqvitates Ecclestiaticae inclytae urbis Braunsvigae, oder: Der Beruhmten Stadt Braunschweig Kirchenhistorie.</i> by Philippo Julio Rehtmeyer. Braunschweig: Gedruckt Verlagt von Christoph Friedrich Zilligers, 1710.</li> <li><i>The Doctrine of Man in Classical Lutheran Theology</i> edited by Herman A. Preus and Edmund Smits. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1962.</li> <li><i>Formulators of the Formula of Concord.</i> by Theodore R. Jungkuntz. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1977.</li> <li><i>Grundlinien der Theolgie des Martin Chemnitz</i> by G. Noth, 1930.</li> <li><i>Loci Theologici; De Coena Domini; De Duabus Naturis in Christo; Theologiae Jesuitarum.</i> Chelsea, Michigan: Sheridan Books, 2000. [Facsimile reprint of a 1653 anthology of these four treatises of Chemnitz in Latin by the Lutheran Heritage Foundation].</li> <li><i>Martin Chemnitz nach seinem Leben und Wirken</i> by H. Hachfeld, 1867.</li> <li>"Martin Chemnitz' Views on Trent: The Genesis and the Genius of the Examen Concilii Tridentini" by Arthur C. Piepkorn, <i>Concordia Theological Monthly</i> XXXVII [37](January 1966):5–37.</li> <li><i>Die Polemik des Martin Chemnitz gegen das Konzil von Trent</i> by R. Mumm, Leipzig, 1905.</li> <li><i>The Second Martin: The Life and Theology of Martin Chemnitz.</i> by <a href="/wiki/J._A._O._Preus" title="J. A. O. Preus">J. A. O. Preus</a>. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1994.</li> <li>"The Works of Martin Chemnitz," by D. Georg Williams. <i><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Theological_Quarterly" title="Concordia Theological Quarterly">Concordia Theological Quarterly</a>.</i> Vol. 42, 1978.</li> <li><i>Der Zweite Martin der Lutherischen Kirche, Festschrift zum 400. Todestag von Martin Chemnitz {The Second Martin of the Lutheran Church, Jubilee Writing for the 400th [anniversary of the day of the death] of Martin Chemnitz}</i> edited by W.A. Jünke, Braunschweig, 1986.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://studiumexcitare.com/content/73">Studium Excitare: Biography of Martin Chemnitz</a> by Joshua M. Zarling.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Chemnitz&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Chemnitz, Martin"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chemnitz,_Martin">"Chemnitz, Martin" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 76.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chemnitz%2C+Martin&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=76&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Chemnitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Evangelical Lutheran Worship</i> (Pew ed.). Augsburg Fortress. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780806656182" title="Special:BookSources/9780806656182"><bdi>9780806656182</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evangelical+Lutheran+Worship&rft.edition=Pew&rft.pub=Augsburg+Fortress&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780806656182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Chemnitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLutheran_Church–Missouri_Synod2006" class="citation book cs1">Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (2006). <i>Lutheran Service Book</i>. St. Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. pp. x–xiii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7586-1217-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7586-1217-5"><bdi>978-0-7586-1217-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lutheran+Service+Book&rft.place=St.+Louis%2C+MO&rft.pages=x-xiii&rft.pub=Concordia+Publishing+House&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7586-1217-5&rft.au=Lutheran+Church%E2%80%93Missouri+Synod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Chemnitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studiumexcitare.com/content/73">Joshua Zarling, "Martin Chemnitz," <i>Studium Excitare: A Journal of Confessional Languages Studies at MLC</i>, Issue #1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The title page continues the title: "Primum germanice per reverendum virum, D. Martinum Kemnitium, S. Theologiae Doctorem, in usum Pastorum minus exercitatorum conscripta: Nunc vero voluntate Authoris & loco Confessionis Ministerii Ecclesiae Brunsuicensis latine conversa per Ionnem Zangerum Oenipontanum."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">English translation in Robert Kolb et al., <i>Sources and Contexts of The Book of Concord</i>, (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2001), 197-219.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood1907" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Wood_(encyclopaedist)" title="James Wood (encyclopaedist)">Wood, James</a>, ed. (1907). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Nuttall_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/C#Chemnitz,_Martin" class="extiw" title="s:The Nuttall Encyclopædia/C">Chemnitz, Martin</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nuttall_Encyclop%C3%A6dia" title="The Nuttall Encyclopædia">The Nuttall Encyclopædia</a></i>. London and New York: Frederick Warne.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chemnitz%2C+Martin&rft.btitle=The+Nuttall+Encyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Frederick+Warne&rft.date=1907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Chemnitz" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Chemnitz&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angelfire.com/ny4/djw/chemnitz.html">Martin Chemnitz website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lcms.org/ca/www/cyclopedia/02/display.asp?t1=c&word=CHEMNITZ.MARTIN">Article on Martin Chemnitz</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Cyclopedia" title="Christian Cyclopedia">Christian Cyclopedia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208064509/http://www.wlsessays.net/node/2004">Martin Chemnitz on the Doctrine of Justification</a> by <a href="/wiki/J._A._O._Preus_II" title="J. A. O. Preus II">J. A. O. Preus II</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100707151003/http://www.wlsessays.net/node/1081">Chemnitz and Authority by Eugene F.A. Klug</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Chemnitz%2C%20Martin%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Martin%20Chemnitz%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Chemnitz%2C%20Martin%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Martin%20Chemnitz%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Chemnitz%2C%20M%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Martin%20Chemnitz%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Chemnitz%2C%20Martin%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Martin%20Chemnitz%22%29%20OR%20%28%221522-1586%22%20AND%20Chemnitz%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Martin Chemnitz</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/2338">Works by Martin Chemnitz</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lutheran_Orthodoxy" title="Template:Lutheran Orthodoxy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lutheran_Orthodoxy" title="Template talk:Lutheran Orthodoxy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lutheran_Orthodoxy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lutheran Orthodoxy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lutheran_Orthodoxy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_orthodoxy" title="Lutheran orthodoxy">Lutheran Orthodoxy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early Orthodoxy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Acceptance of the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Book of Concord</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Martin Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Andreae" title="Jakob Andreae">Jakob Andreae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Selnecker" title="Nikolaus Selnecker">Nikolaus Selnecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Chytraeus" title="David Chytraeus">David Chytraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Hafenreffer" title="Matthias Hafenreffer">Matthias Hafenreffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Hutter" title="Leonhard Hutter">Leonhard Hutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegidius_Hunnius" title="Aegidius Hunnius">Aegidius Hunnius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Praetorius" title="Stephan Praetorius">Stephan Praetorius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">High Orthodoxy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_scholasticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran scholasticism">Lutheran scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gerhard" title="Johann Gerhard">Johann Gerhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessio_Catholica" title="Confessio Catholica">Confessio Catholica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Andreas_Quenstedt" title="Johannes Andreas Quenstedt">Johannes Andreas Quenstedt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretism#Syncretistic_Controversy" title="Syncretism">Syncretistic Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Calovius" title="Abraham Calovius">Abraham Calovius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calov_Bible" title="Calov Bible">Calov Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Calixtus" title="Georg Calixtus">Georgius Calixtus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Hunnius" title="Nicolaus 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Early_Lutheran_controversies" title="Template talk:Early Lutheran controversies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Early_Lutheran_controversies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Early Lutheran controversies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Early_Lutheran_controversies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Early <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> controversies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table class="hlist"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal; padding:2px 5px;;font-weight:normal; text-align:center; padding:2px 5px;"> <i>Date</i></th><th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal; padding:2px 5px;;font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;white-space:nowrap;"> <i>Controversy</i></th><th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal; padding:2px 5px;;font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;"> <span class="nowrap"><i>Resolution</i> <sup>a)</sup></span></th><th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal; padding:2px 5px;;text-align:left;"> <i>Issues / people / publications involved</i></th></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; padding:2px 5px;"> 1527–56</th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Antinomian" class="mw-redirect" title="Antinomian">Antinomian</a></th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>V</li><li>VI</li></ul></div></th><td style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Agricola" title="Johannes Agricola">Johannes Agricola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Poach" title="Andreas Poach">Andreas Poach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton_Otto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anton Otto (page does not exist)">Anton Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Flacius" title="Matthias Flacius">Matthias Flacius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippists" title="Philippists">Philippists</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; padding:2px 5px;"> 1533–53</th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;white-space:nowrap;"> Descent into Hell</th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;"> IX</th><td style="text-align:left;"> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrowing_of_Hell" title="Harrowing of Hell">Descent into Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Aepinus" title="Johannes Aepinus">Johannes Aepinus</a></li></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; padding:2px 5px;"> 1548–55</th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Adiaphora" title="Adiaphora">Adiaphoristic</a></th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;"> X</th><td style="text-align:left;"> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Philip Melanchthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Flacius" title="Matthias Flacius">Matthias Flacius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippists" title="Philippists">Philippists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnesio-Lutherans" title="Gnesio-Lutherans">Gnesio-Lutherans</a></li></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; padding:2px 5px;"> 1549–66</th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Osiandrian_controversy" title="Osiandrian controversy">Osiandrian</a></th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;"> III</th><td style="text-align:left;"> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Osiander" title="Andreas Osiander">Andreas Osiander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Funck" title="Johann Funck">Johann Funck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Stancaro" title="Francesco Stancaro">Francesco Stancaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Philip Melanchthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Flacius" title="Matthias Flacius">Matthias Flacius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Musculus" title="Andreas Musculus">Andreas Musculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_Strigel" title="Victorinus Strigel">Victorinus Strigel</a></li></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; padding:2px 5px;"> 1551–62</th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;white-space:nowrap;"> Majoristic</th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;"> VI</th><td style="text-align:left;"> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Major" title="Georg Major">Georg Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justus_Menius" title="Justus Menius">Justus Menius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_von_Amsdorf" title="Nicolaus von Amsdorf">Nicolaus von Amsdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Gallus" title="Nicolaus Gallus">Nicolaus Gallus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippists" title="Philippists">Philippists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnesio-Lutherans" title="Gnesio-Lutherans">Gnesio-Lutherans</a></li></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; padding:2px 5px;"> 1555–60</th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;white-space:nowrap;"> Synergistic</th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;"> II</th><td style="text-align:left;"> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Philip Melanchthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Pfeffinger" title="Johann Pfeffinger">Johann Pfeffinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_Strigel" title="Victorinus Strigel">Victorinus Strigel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Flacius" title="Matthias Flacius">Matthias Flacius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippists" title="Philippists">Philippists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnesio-Lutherans" title="Gnesio-Lutherans">Gnesio-Lutherans</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Bondage_of_the_Will" title="On the Bondage of the Will">On the Bondage of the Will</a></i></li></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; padding:2px 5px;"> 1560–75</th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;white-space:nowrap;"> Flacian</th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;"> I</th><td style="text-align:left;"> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Flacius" title="Matthias Flacius">Matthias Flacius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Musaeus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Musaeus (page does not exist)">Simon Musaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_Strigel" title="Victorinus Strigel">Victorinus Strigel</a></li></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; padding:2px 5px;"> 1560–75</th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Crypto-Calvinism" title="Crypto-Calvinism">Crypto-Calvinist</a><br />and Saligerian</th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;"> VII</th><td style="text-align:left;"> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Philip Melanchthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession_Variata" title="Augsburg Confession Variata">Augsburg Confession Variata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Hardenberg" title="Albert Hardenberg">Albert Hardenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Westphal_(of_Hamburg)" title="Joachim Westphal (of Hamburg)">Joachim Westphal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Martin Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_M%C3%B6rlin" title="Maximilian Mörlin">Maximilian Mörlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Saliger" title="Johannes Saliger">Johannes Saliger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippists" title="Philippists">Philippists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentarians" title="Sacramentarians">Sacramentarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubiquitarians" title="Ubiquitarians">Ubiquitarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnesio-Lutherans" title="Gnesio-Lutherans">Gnesio-Lutherans</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sacrament_of_the_Body_and_Blood_of_Christ%E2%80%94Against_the_Fanatics" title="The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ—Against the Fanatics">The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ</a></i></li></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; padding:2px 5px;"> 1561–63</th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;white-space:nowrap;"> Predestination</th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;"> XI</th><td style="text-align:left;"> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination" title="Predestination">Predestination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Marbach" title="Johann Marbach">Johann Marbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Zanchi" title="Girolamo Zanchi">Girolamo Zanchi</a></li></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; padding:2px 5px;"> 1640-86</th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Syncretistic_controversy" title="Syncretistic controversy">Syncretistic</a></th><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left; padding:2px 5px;"></th><td style="text-align:left;"> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Calixtus" title="Georg Calixtus">Georg Calixtus</a></li></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>a)</sup> Articles identified (I–XII) according to the <a href="/wiki/Formula_of_Concord" title="Formula of Concord">Formula of Concord</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63146#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63146#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63146#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110237042">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/32021430">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/28896/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwMFKKjQyJjGMFXFmMByd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118829157">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78093741">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120801998">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120801998">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Chemnitz, Martin <1522-1586>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/BVEV044394">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35027714">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=skuk0002012&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4893775">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072918365">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90212573">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000007941&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000421674&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=162185">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/ljx01wk40xmcmlg">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810538332005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/3260">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007274841305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058515838106706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14940404">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/801154">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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