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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1936 Northeastern United States flood</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="/wiki/File:Connecticut_River_Overflowing_Holyoke_Dam_during_the_Flood_of_1936,_view_south_from_Hadley_Falls,_March_1936.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Connecticut_River_Overflowing_Holyoke_Dam_during_the_Flood_of_1936%2C_view_south_from_Hadley_Falls%2C_March_1936.jpg/220px-Connecticut_River_Overflowing_Holyoke_Dam_during_the_Flood_of_1936%2C_view_south_from_Hadley_Falls%2C_March_1936.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Connecticut_River_Overflowing_Holyoke_Dam_during_the_Flood_of_1936%2C_view_south_from_Hadley_Falls%2C_March_1936.jpg/330px-Connecticut_River_Overflowing_Holyoke_Dam_during_the_Flood_of_1936%2C_view_south_from_Hadley_Falls%2C_March_1936.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Connecticut_River_Overflowing_Holyoke_Dam_during_the_Flood_of_1936%2C_view_south_from_Hadley_Falls%2C_March_1936.jpg/440px-Connecticut_River_Overflowing_Holyoke_Dam_during_the_Flood_of_1936%2C_view_south_from_Hadley_Falls%2C_March_1936.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1405" /></a><figcaption>In <a href="/wiki/Holyoke,_Massachusetts" title="Holyoke, Massachusetts">Holyoke, Massachusetts</a>, the Connecticut River overflowed its banks as a result of the flood.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>1936 Northeastern United States flood</b> was a historic <a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">flood</a> that occurred across the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a> region and <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, in March 1936. Record-setting flooding after a combination of a particularly precipitation-heavy winter and large amounts of rainfall in March caused severe damage across the region.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Record heights were recorded in many rivers, including the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River" title="Connecticut River">Connecticut River</a>, which peaked at 37.6 feet (11.5 m) in <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Merrimack_River" title="Merrimack River">Merrimack River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pemigewasset_River" title="Pemigewasset River">Pemigewasset River</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Androscoggin_River" title="Androscoggin River">Androscoggin River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The flood led to an estimated 150 to 200 deaths across the Northeast, and hundreds of millions of dollars in damage in 1936 dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2">: 2 </span></sup> $100 million in 1936 dollars is equivalent in purchasing power to about $2.2 billion in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1936_North_American_cold_wave" title="1936 North American cold wave">winter of 1935–36</a> was particularly cold, and more snowfall than usual fell in the Northeast.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When March arrived, along with warmer temperatures, this snow began to melt, causing water levels in rivers to rise. This was aggravated by several precipitation-heavy storm systems, which hit the region back to back in early to mid March. The first of these storm systems hit the region starting on March 9, associated with a <a href="/wiki/Warm_front" title="Warm front">warm front</a> which stalled over the area. Significant amounts of rain fell, with amounts as high as 5 inches (130 mm) reported in Northern New England.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second storm system arrived around March 18, which produced even more rain than the previous one. <a href="/wiki/Pinkham_Notch" title="Pinkham Notch">Pinkham Notch</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> recorded 10 inches (250 mm) of rain between March 18 and 19.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its report on the flooding, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a> described March 1936 in no uncertain terms: "The depths of rainfall mark this period as one of the greatest concentrations of precipitation, in respect to time and magnitude of the area covered, of which there is record in this country."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 1">: 1 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_flood">First flood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First flood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting on March 12, flooding was observed across the Northeast, from Maine to Pennsylvania.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significant damage was caused by <a href="/wiki/Ice_jam" title="Ice jam">ice jams</a> on numerous rivers, including the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>. Twenty people were confirmed dead from flooding on March 13.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flooding was somewhat arrested by a freeze starting on March 13.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Massachusetts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Holyoke_Dam" title="Holyoke Dam">Holyoke Dam</a> had a 5,000-square-foot (460 m<sup>2</sup>) section ripped out by an ice jam.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Connecticut">Connecticut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Connecticut"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In what was hailed as the "worst Connecticut floods in years", major damage occurred to transportation links, industries, and homes alike. The <a href="/wiki/New_York,_New_Haven_and_Hartford_Railroad" title="New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad">New Haven Railroad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Vermont_Railway" title="Central Vermont Railway">Central Vermont Railway</a> both reported numerous washouts along their tracks, while houses were carried away along the flooded <a href="/wiki/Housatonic_River" title="Housatonic River">Housatonic River</a> in the western part of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Across the state, evacuations were ordered in low-lying areas near rivers, with some families being rescued from their homes by rowboats.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_flood">Second flood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Second flood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:300px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>The stages and discharges of these great floods were notable, not only because they equaled or exceeded those of all previously recorded floods in many of the river basins but also because the floods occurred simultaneously over an extent of area that was unprecedented in the records or traditions of floods of the region, covering many years and even centuries. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— The USGS report on the 1936 flood.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2">: 2 </span></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>In the immediate aftermath of the March 18 storm, catastrophic flooding began. In addition to every state in the Northeast, flooding also occurred in <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2">: 2 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the rivers were filled with ice, which served to further increase the damage. Across New England, and especially in the northernmost states, ice jams and floating ice destroyed numerous bridges and caused damage to buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 14">: 14 </span></sup> By the afternoon of March 19, more than 200,000 people were homeless as a result of the flood, a number which increased to 260,000 on March 21.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maine">Maine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Maine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Kennebec_River" title="Kennebec River">Kennebec River</a> was the scene of major flooding, resulting in multiple bridges being destroyed by floating ice.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 14">: 14 </span></sup> Damage along the Kennebec and <a href="/wiki/Androscoggin_River" title="Androscoggin River">Androscoggin</a> Rivers was increased by ice jams. Similarly, six bridges along the <a href="/wiki/Saco_River" title="Saco River">Saco River</a> were destroyed by the advancing ice.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 15">: 15 </span></sup> </p><p>In total, the Maine State Highway Commission reported 81 highway bridges were destroyed or damaged seriously enough to require rebuilding.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 15">: 15 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Hampshire">New Hampshire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: New Hampshire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flood_of_1936,_Keene_NH_-_Edwards_Street_(2593172720).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flood_of_1936%2C_Keene_NH_-_Edwards_Street_%282593172720%29.jpg/220px-Flood_of_1936%2C_Keene_NH_-_Edwards_Street_%282593172720%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flood_of_1936%2C_Keene_NH_-_Edwards_Street_%282593172720%29.jpg/330px-Flood_of_1936%2C_Keene_NH_-_Edwards_Street_%282593172720%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flood_of_1936%2C_Keene_NH_-_Edwards_Street_%282593172720%29.jpg/440px-Flood_of_1936%2C_Keene_NH_-_Edwards_Street_%282593172720%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Flooding in Keene, New Hampshire.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Merrimack_Valley" title="Merrimack Valley">Merrimack Valley</a> experienced some of the worst flooding in all of New England. <a href="/wiki/Hooksett,_New_Hampshire" title="Hooksett, New Hampshire">Hooksett, New Hampshire</a>, was submerged by water as deep as 20 feet (6.1 m).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 17">: 17 </span></sup> The dam of the <a href="/wiki/Amoskeag_Manufacturing_Company" title="Amoskeag Manufacturing Company">Amoskeag Manufacturing Company</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester</a> was saved only by the use of more than 500,000 sandbags, though the company's facilities were severely damaged.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 17">: 17 </span></sup> </p><p>In total, 87 municipalities in New Hampshire reported at least some level of flood damage.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 58">: 58 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Massachusetts_2">Massachusetts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Massachusetts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Massachusetts, the worst flooding occurred along the Connecticut River. By March 19, at least 15,000 residents in <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a> had been made homeless by the floodwaters. The <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)" title="National Guard (United States)">National Guard</a> was activated to assist in search and rescue, fight off looters, and help rebuild. The Guard and the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Police_Department_(Massachusetts)" title="Springfield Police Department (Massachusetts)">Springfield Police Department</a> patrolled the city by boat, as roads were impassible by vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The same day, a dam broke in <a href="/wiki/Uxbridge,_Massachusetts" title="Uxbridge, Massachusetts">Uxbridge</a>, causing a 15-foot (4.6 m) high wall of water to flow down the <a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Valley" title="Blackstone Valley">Blackstone Valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Merrimack River crested at a record 68.4 feet (20.8 m) in <a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a>, while the Connecticut River reached a maximum depth of 49.2 feet (15.0 m) in <a href="/wiki/Montague,_Massachusetts" title="Montague, Massachusetts">Montague</a>, records which both stand as of 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Connecticut_2">Connecticut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Connecticut"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1936Flood_HartfordCT03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1936Flood_HartfordCT03.jpg/220px-1936Flood_HartfordCT03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1936Flood_HartfordCT03.jpg/330px-1936Flood_HartfordCT03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1936Flood_HartfordCT03.jpg/440px-1936Flood_HartfordCT03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7679" data-file-height="5185" /></a><figcaption>A man navigates the flooded streets of Hartford in a rowboat.</figcaption></figure> <p>Along the Connecticut River, many communities faced the worst flooding ever recorded. In Hartford, the river crested at 37.6 feet (11.5 m), a record which still stands as of 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twenty percent of downtown Hartford was navigable only by boat.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city lost nearly all power and telephone communications, while more than 300 National Guardsmen deployed in the city to patrol the flooded streets and rescue those stranded by floodwaters.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Connecticut" title="Middletown, Connecticut">Middletown</a>, the entire city ground to a halt after power was knocked out by flooding. The bridge across the river to <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Connecticut" title="Portland, Connecticut">Portland</a> was shut down, leaving the city "virtually isolated".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rhode_Island">Rhode Island</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Rhode Island"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Blackstone_River" title="Blackstone River">Blackstone River</a> rose dangerously high in Rhode Island, with major flooding observed in <a href="/wiki/Woonsocket,_Rhode_Island" title="Woonsocket, Rhode Island">Woonsocket</a>, where some streets became navigable only by boat. In <a href="/wiki/Pawtucket,_Rhode_Island" title="Pawtucket, Rhode Island">Pawtucket</a>, water rose nearly as high as the city's bridges across the river.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pennsylvania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Johnstown_flood_of_1936" title="Johnstown flood of 1936">Johnstown flood of 1936</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_flood_of_1936" title="Pittsburgh flood of 1936">Pittsburgh flood of 1936</a></div> <p>Pennsylvania experienced particularly devastating floods in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johnstown,_Pennsylvania" title="Johnstown, Pennsylvania">Johnstown</a>. In Johnstown, site of an <a href="/wiki/Johnstown_Flood" title="Johnstown Flood">infamous flood in 1889</a>, residents feared a repeat of the dam failure that caused the previous flood. Fortunately for the region, the dam survived the flooding, but this did not stop the city's rivers from overflowing their banks and covering much of Johnstown in 12–14 feet (3.7–4.3 m) of floodwaters.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 63">: 63 </span></sup> </p><p>Transportation in Pittsburgh ceased, as the city's railroad yards were flooded.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By March 21, over 80,000 people had been made homeless in Pennsylvania.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_Virginia">West Virginia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: West Virginia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two bridges in <a href="/wiki/Harpers_Ferry,_West_Virginia" title="Harpers Ferry, West Virginia">Harpers Ferry</a> were destroyed by floodwaters, along with another in <a href="/wiki/Shepherdstown,_West_Virginia" title="Shepherdstown, West Virginia">Shepherdstown</a>. Lower Town Harpers Ferry was particularly devastated, and practically ceased to exist.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maryland">Maryland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Maryland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting on March 17, Maryland was hit by severe flooding. The city of <a href="/wiki/Cumberland,_Maryland" title="Cumberland, Maryland">Cumberland</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/North_Branch_Potomac_River" title="North Branch Potomac River">North Branch Potomac River</a>, was particularly badly damaged, and the governor activated the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland National Guard">Maryland National Guard</a> to assist in relief efforts. In Cumberland alone, damage was estimated at over $50 million in today's dollars.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Potomac River crested at 47.6 feet (14.5 m) in <a href="/wiki/Hancock,_Maryland" title="Hancock, Maryland">Hancock</a>, breaking the previous record set in 1889 by 7.9 feet (2.4 m).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virginia">Virginia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Virginia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_River" title="James River">James</a> Rivers suffered severe flooding during mid-March 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Great_Falls_(Potomac_River)" title="Great Falls (Potomac River)">Great Falls</a> experienced what were, as of July 2014, its highest floods on record.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, saw its airport, <a href="/wiki/Washington-Hoover_Airport" title="Washington-Hoover Airport">Washington-Hoover Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arlington, Virginia">Arlington, Virginia</a>, flooded.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Washington,_D.C."><span id="Washington.2C_D.C."></span>Washington, D.C.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Washington, D.C."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anacostia_River_1936_flood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Anacostia_River_1936_flood.jpg/220px-Anacostia_River_1936_flood.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Anacostia_River_1936_flood.jpg/330px-Anacostia_River_1936_flood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Anacostia_River_1936_flood.jpg/440px-Anacostia_River_1936_flood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="572" /></a><figcaption>Flooding in the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Navy_Yard" title="Washington Navy Yard">Washington Navy Yard</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Flooding reached the nation's capital on March 20. The Potomac River crested at 18.5 feet (5.6 m) under <a href="/wiki/Key_Bridge_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Key Bridge (Washington, D.C.)">Key Bridge</a>, which was the only bridge connecting the district to Virginia to remain above the waters.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large portions of the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a> were flooded, but there was enough warning for the Capitol Park Service to protect the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a> by building a barrier of stone and sandbags, with the help of more than 3,000 men and multiple <a href="/wiki/Steam_shovel" title="Steam shovel">steam shovels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hains_Point" title="Hains Point">Hains Point</a> was impossible to see due to flooding, which was as high as the tops of trees.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the large extent of flooding, there were no fatalities in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Delaware">Delaware</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Delaware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Only minor flooding occurred in Delaware, mostly affecting farmland. The <a href="/wiki/Indian_River_Inlet_Bridge" title="Indian River Inlet Bridge">Indian River Inlet Bridge</a> was slightly damaged by ice in the Delaware River. Damage was also reported to the jetties in <a href="/wiki/Bethany_Beach,_Delaware" title="Bethany Beach, Delaware">Bethany Beach</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The massive scope of devastation led to monumental changes in the way the United States protected against flood damage. The <a href="/wiki/Flood_Control_Act_of_1936" title="Flood Control Act of 1936">Flood Control Act of 1936</a> was a direct result of the floods, and led to significant investment in flood protection, funding the construction of <a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">levees</a>, dams, reservoirs, and other methods of mitigating or preventing floods.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUS_Department_of_Commerce" class="citation web cs1">US Department of Commerce, NOAA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/nerfc/hf_march_1936">"Historic Flood March 1936"</a>. <i>www.weather.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.weather.gov&rft.atitle=Historic+Flood+March+1936&rft.aulast=US+Department+of+Commerce&rft.aufirst=NOAA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov%2Fnerfc%2Fhf_march_1936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Northeastern+United+States+flood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Geological_Survey1936" class="citation book cs1">United States Geological Survey (1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0798/report.pdf"><i>The Floods of March 1936</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Floods+of+March+1936&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1936&rft.au=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fwsp%2F0798%2Freport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Northeastern+United+States+flood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.in2013dollars.com/us/inflation/1936?amount=100000000">"Value of $100,000,000 from 1936 to 2023"</a>. <i>www.in2013dollars.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.in2013dollars.com&rft.atitle=Value+of+%24100%2C000%2C000+from+1936+to+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.in2013dollars.com%2Fus%2Finflation%2F1936%3Famount%3D100000000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Northeastern+United+States+flood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://springfieldmuseums.org/blog/flood-of-1936/">"The Flood of 1936"</a>. Springfield Museums. March 30, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Flood+of+1936&rft.pub=Springfield+Museums&rft.date=2016-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspringfieldmuseums.org%2Fblog%2Fflood-of-1936%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Northeastern+United+States+flood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qnlZAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1">"Nine Lose Lives As Floods Sweep East"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Painesville_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Painesville Telegraph">Painesville Telegraph</a></i>. March 13, 1936<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Painesville+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Nine+Lose+Lives+As+Floods+Sweep+East&rft.date=1936-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqnlZAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Northeastern+United+States+flood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociated_Press1936" class="citation news cs1">Associated Press (March 12, 1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tS9HAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA27">"Worst Conn. Floods In Years Cause Widespread Destruction"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_(New_London)" title="The Day (New London)">The Day</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Day&rft.atitle=Worst+Conn.+Floods+In+Years+Cause+Widespread+Destruction&rft.date=1936-03-12&rft.au=Associated+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtS9HAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Northeastern+United+States+flood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zzlZAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1">"20 Dead in Floods; Cold Halts Menace"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rochester_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rochester Journal">Rochester Journal</a></i>. March 13, 1936<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rochester+Journal&rft.atitle=20+Dead+in+Floods%3B+Cold+Halts+Menace&rft.date=1936-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzzlZAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Northeastern+United+States+flood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociated_Press1936" class="citation news cs1">Associated Press (March 20, 1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aJBRAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA12">"The Floods at a Glance"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette" title="Pittsburgh Post-Gazette">Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+the+1936+Flood+Control+Act&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Joseph+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publications.usace.army.mil%2FPortals%2F76%2FPublications%2FEngineerPamphlets%2FEP_870-1-29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Northeastern+United+States+flood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Press2021" class="citation news cs1">United Press (March 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAUiAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA35">"Loss Mounts as Dam Gives Way"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Daily_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkeley Daily Gazette">Berkeley Daily Gazette</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxnard+Daily+Courier&rft.atitle=Floods+Claim+143+Lives%21&rft.date=1936-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwVJLAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Northeastern+United+States+flood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociated_Press1936" class="citation news cs1">Associated Press (March 20, 1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Af5IAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1">"15% of Hartford Flooded, All Business May Suspend; 2 More Feet of Water Will Cripple Main Power Plant"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Meriden_Daily_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Meriden Daily Journal">Meriden Daily Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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March 20, 1936. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150521063646/http://mallhistory.org:80/items/show/343">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Archives+at+College+Park.&rft.atitle=Flood+of+1936&rft.date=1936-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmallhistory.org%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Northeastern+United+States+flood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JdUmAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA4">"State Escapes Havoc of Flood Waters"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Morning_Star" title="The Sunday Morning Star">The Sunday Morning Star</a></i>. March 29, 1936<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Morning+Star&rft.atitle=State+Escapes+Havoc+of+Flood+Waters&rft.date=1936-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJdUmAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Northeastern+United+States+flood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1936_Northeastern_United_States_flood" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1936 Northeastern United States flood">1936 Northeastern United States flood</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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