CINXE.COM

150th Anniversary: Conservation Stories | The Metropolitan Museum of Art

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value="Zw8rVaAq_PwFs3km4lBZ9KWUrJSldN1CKmOKl2F1x0g5hk-YIb9dw_AbOsBUeBFPt8ZWvKn-5H1cvSX6C7LFVfRwCR81" /> <input id="SiteSearch" name="SiteSearch" type="hidden" value="search" /> <div class="nav-main__typeahead-wrapper"> <input autocomplete="off" class="js-quickSearch" id="SearchText" name="SearchText" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /> <span class="nav-main__typeahead-spinner js-nav-main__typeahead-spinner"></span> <div class="nav-main__typeahead js-nav-main__typeahead"></div> </div> <button type="submit">Go</button> </form> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </header> </div> <div class="z-container wrapper--breadcrumbs"> <nav class="breadcrumbs"> <span>/</span><span><a href="/about-the-met">About The Met</a></span> <span>/</span><span><a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research">Conservation and Scientific Research</a></span> <span>/</span><span><a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories">150th Anniversary: Conservation Stories</a></span> </nav> </div> <!-- For header images, section search boxes and search tabs --> <!-- Main content area --> <div class="main-wrapper wrapper" id="main-content"> <div class="row"> <div class="med-hide lrg-c2"></div> <div class="content content-centered"> <section class="image-block image-block--xlarge image-block--text-above-below z-container"> <div class="image-block__image-container"> <img src="/-/media/images/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/main_landing_page_marquee_2320x920.jpg?sc_lang=en&amp;h=919&amp;w=2320&amp;la=en&amp;hash=26D01AF43F2AA35BDE7C6F39DD00BD71" srcset="/-/media/images/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/main_landing_page_marquee_2320x920.jpg?as=1&mh=918&mw=2320&sc_lang=en&hash=49B02145A18E0ED5E83E71C51DEE638F 1x, /-/media/images/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/main_landing_page_marquee_2320x920.jpg?as=1&mh=1836&mw=4640&sc_lang=en&hash=A3F51F198AA8BAE291B6BB52B47C1F3B 2x" class="image-block__image" style="" alt="Detail of archival black-and-white photograph showing a man in a white shirt and black vest wearing a black cap fitting the face onto an Egyptian head" /> </a> </div> </section> <h1 class="page-title"> 150th Anniversary: Conservation Stories </h1> <div class="rich-text z-container"> <p>The Met has been committed to the technical study and preservation of the works of art in its care since its founding in 1870.&nbsp;In conjunction with the exhibition <em>Making The Met, 1870–2020</em>, which traces the development of the Museum's collections and activities in honor of its 150th anniversary, we invite you to learn more about the history of conservation and science at The Met. A series of case studies has been chosen to introduce visitors—both in the galleries and online—to the fascinating ways that technical research and conservation treatments have contributed to our understanding of iconic objects in our collection. These stories serve as reminders of the multiple lives of artworks, their mutability and sometimes vulnerability, and the promise of new technologies to facilitate discoveries about even the most familiar objects.</p> </div> <div class="rich-text z-container"> <div class="rich-text__snippet"> <section class="accordion" ng-controller="accordionController as accordion" style=""> <label class="accordion__toggle-control" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Toggle Accordion Drawer" ng-keyup="accordion.enterKey($event)"> <header class="accordion__header"> <input href="#" type="checkbox" ng-init="accordion.isOpen=false" ng-model="accordion.isOpen" class="accordion__toggle-state" /> <span class="accordion__toggle-indicator"></span> <h3 class="accordion__title">A Short History of Conservation at The Met</h3> </header> </label> <div class="accordion__content" ng-show="accordion.isOpen" ng-cloak> <p>From its earliest days,&nbsp;The Metropolitan Museum of Art has dedicated substantial resources to the technical study and preservation of its collections. Currently there are nearly one hundred conservators and conservation scientists tasked with these responsibilities, building upon the early efforts of a diverse ensemble of craftsmen and artisans, restorers, scientists, directors, and curators who toiled independently in workshops, laboratories, and offices dispersed across the Museum.</p> <p>Some of the Museum's early directors played pivotal roles. Under Luigi Palma de Cesnola, the first director (1879&ndash;1904), the Museum withstood widespread public scrutiny with regard to allegedly fraudulent restorations of ancient sculpture. The third director (1910&ndash;31), Edward Robinson, was a vocal proponent of scientific rigor who engaged the Museum's first scientist, Colin G. Fink, to study corrosion on archaeological bronzes. Robinson's successor, Herbert E. Winlock (1932&ndash;39), undertook conservation work on-site at the Museum's Egyptian Expedition excavations.</p> <p>Conservation practice at the Museum has been shaped by periodic consolidation and dissolution. In 1942, on the initiative of Francis Henry Taylor (director 1940&ndash;54), the disparate workshops and studios and their employees were united in a Sub-Department of Conservation and Technical Research under conservation pioneer Murray Pease, who was named Associate Curator. Full departmental status was conferred in 1949, and in 1956 Pease became the first Museum staff member to receive a conservation title. After Pease's untimely death in 1964, The Department of Conservation and Technical Research splintered and was reformed several times, until the late 1970s, when four conservation departments were established under new leadership, a process of specialization that would continue into the early twenty-first century. Today, the Museum's conservation and scientific staff treat and study three-dimensional objects, paintings, works on paper, photographs, and textiles in the dedicated studios and laboratories of five independent conservation departments; the Department of Scientific Research; and the conservation facilities embedded in the Costume Institute, the Watson Library, and the Departments of Arms and Armor and Asian Art (for East Asian paintings). </p> <p>The expertise of staff in these new departments reflect changes to this emerging field, as academic programs at the graduate level were established in the United States&mdash;the first in New York in 1960&mdash;and in Europe. Integral to this new professionalism was an increased knowledge of artists' materials and their aging properties, together with an expanded repertoire of investigative techniques. Of possibly even greater significance has been the development of a philosophical framework, guided by an internationally recognized code of conservation ethics, that asserts the primacy of an artist's intent and the importance of a thorough understanding of the context, history, and material nature of works of art. This has led to a more systematic approach to conservation treatment, less cosmetic intervention, and a greater focus on preventive conservation.</p> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="promo-area--body z-container"> <div class="promo-area__image-container"> <a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/degas-dancer" target="" tabIndex="-1"> <img src="/-/media/images/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/degas-dancer/dancer_content-grid_720x444.jpg?sc_lang=en" class="image-block__image" alt="Detail of Degas bronze sculpture showing young girl in ballet dress gazing upward, her hair tied back with a satin ribbon." /> </a> </div> <div class="image-block__description rich-text"> <h3><a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/degas-dancer" target="">The Evolution of Degas’s Little Dancer</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="promo-area--body z-container"> <div class="promo-area__image-container"> <a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/hokusai-great-wave" target="" tabIndex="-1"> <img src="/-/media/images/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/hokusai-great-wave/template_related_content_grid_720x444.jpg?sc_lang=en" class="image-block__image" alt="Detail of the Great Wave showing two boats on whitecapped blue waves with Mount Fuji in the distance" /> </a> </div> <div class="image-block__description rich-text"> <h3><a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/hokusai-great-wave" target="">The Great Wave: Anatomy of an Icon</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="promo-area--body z-container"> <div class="promo-area__image-container"> <a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/crown-of-andes" target="" tabIndex="-1"> <img src="/-/media/images/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/crown-of-andes/template_related_content_grid_720x444.jpg?sc_lang=en" class="image-block__image" alt="Detail showing emerald teardrops on the Crown of the Andes" /> </a> </div> <div class="image-block__description rich-text"> <h3><a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/crown-of-andes" target="">Protecting the Crown of the Andes</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="promo-area--body z-container"> <div class="promo-area__image-container"> <a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/picasso-gertrude-stein" target="" tabIndex="-1"> <img src="/-/media/images/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/picasso-gertrude-stein/gertrudestein_720x444.jpg?sc_lang=en" class="image-block__image" alt="Detail of portrait painting of a woman, Gertrude Stein, wearing brown seated in a brown chair. " /> </a> </div> <div class="image-block__description rich-text"> <h3><a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/picasso-gertrude-stein" target="">A Face is a Face is a Face: Beneath Picasso’s Gertrude Stein</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="promo-area--body z-container"> <div class="promo-area__image-container"> <a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/hatshepsut" target="" tabIndex="-1"> <img src="/-/media/images/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/hatshepsut/template_related_content_grid_720x444.jpg?sc_lang=en" class="image-block__image" alt="Frontal view of the head of Hatshepsut" /> </a> </div> <div class="image-block__description rich-text"> <h3><a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/hatshepsut" target="">Queen Hatshepsut Restored</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="promo-area--body z-container"> <div class="promo-area__image-container"> <a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/skeleton-dress" target="" tabIndex="-1"> <img src="/-/media/images/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/skeleton-dress/skeletondress_720x444.jpg?sc_lang=en" class="image-block__image" alt="Detail of a dress that is made from fake human bones. " /> </a> </div> <div class="image-block__description rich-text"> <h3><a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/skeleton-dress" target="">(Im)mortal Fashion: Iris van Herpen’s “Skeleton Dress”</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="promo-area--body z-container"> <div class="promo-area__image-container"> <a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/madame-x" target="" tabIndex="-1"> <img src="/-/media/images/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/madame-x/madamex_720x444.jpg?sc_lang=en" class="image-block__image" alt="Detail of painting of a woman in a low-cut black dress standing tall and looking off to the side." /> </a> </div> <div class="image-block__description rich-text"> <h3><a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/madame-x" target="">Revealing Madame X</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="promo-area--body z-container"> <div class="promo-area__image-container"> <a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/degas-woman" target="" tabIndex="-1"> <img src="/-/media/images/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/degas-woman/degaswoman_teaser_720x444.jpg?sc_lang=en" class="image-block__image" alt="Painting of a woman in a pink dress brushing a naked woman&#39;s hair." /> </a> </div> <div class="image-block__description rich-text"> <h3><a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/degas-woman" target="">Precious Powder: The Fragility of Degas’s Pastels</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="promo-area--body z-container"> <div class="promo-area__image-container"> <a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/benin-horn-player" target="" tabIndex="-1"> <img src="/-/media/images/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/benin-horn-player/benin_teaser_720x444.jpg?sc_lang=en" class="image-block__image" alt="Detail of a Nigerian sculpture, made of dark brass with a green patina and standing two feet tall, of a man playing a horn" /> </a> </div> <div class="image-block__description rich-text"> <h3><a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/benin-horn-player" target="">Recovering the Brilliance of a Benin Bronze</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="promo-area--body z-container"> <div class="promo-area__image-container"> <a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/history-of-conservation" target="" tabIndex="-1"> <img src="/-/media/images/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/history-of-conservation/conservation_history_teaser_720x444.jpg?sc_lang=en" class="image-block__image" alt="A conservator stood on a ladder working on Tiepolo’s The Triumph of Marius " /> </a> </div> <div class="image-block__description rich-text"> <h3><a href="/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/history-of-conservation" target="">Caring for The Met: 150 Years of Conservation</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="rich-text z-container"> <hr> </div> <div class="rich-text z-container"> <p><span class="inline-caption">A 1922 photograph (detail) shows a repairer fitting a plaster face to a figure of <a href="/art/collection/search/553922">King Thutmose III</a>.</span></p> </div> <div class="rich-text z-container"> <hr> </div> <section class="image-block image-block--small z-container"> <div class="image-block__image-container"> <a href="/150" class="" > <img src="/-/media/images/150-anniversary/final/150-hub-breadcrumb-small.jpg?sc_lang=en&amp;h=320&amp;w=320&amp;la=en&amp;hash=7D68F6A98198E592886F7C5B4D1749D3" 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