Publishing policies | Policies

<!DOCTYPE html>      <html class="no-js">  <html lang="en"> <head>  <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.googleapis.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.google-analytics.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.googletagmanager.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//rum-static.pingdom.net" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//global.localizecdn.com" /> <title>Publishing policies | Policies | Springer Nature</title>  <script type="text/javascript"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({"page.attributes.template":"sn","page.category.pageType":"content-page","visitor.organizationName":"Not found"}); </script> <script src="https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-latest.js"></script> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://collect.springernature.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MJMGSX6');</script> <meta content="IE=edge" httpEquiv="X-UA-Compatible" /><meta name="description" content=" These policies support our primary duty as a leading research publisher to ensure that authors who entrust us to publish their work do so in the confidence that we will take every effort to make sure that it is as discoverable, accessible, understandable, usable, reusable and shareable as possible. " /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="google-site-verification" content="-JVT1U_ajuWw1CQxHC7kxyRa1t7fK3Uv7Y7muf43JpY" /><meta name="google-site-verification" content="pGgCxItPY8TaGQGZyJMzlIgvAnqoYOm7gmkiLqEltR8" /><meta property="fb:pages" content="341168879741, 143932312346551, 199235833463190, 145327659223282, 304238573037854, 346209515556394, 99912541035, 108064145914608, 370429855420, 170400356321916, 273358886101252, 370987992963178, 1565916643629420, 424373190938938, 152586274808123, 152749531404582, 274648772592090, 168287986591458, 284820978207661, 121336764582486, 174395066291972, 124330454291947, 58364190265, 114336798618606, 177450032338982, 460115770673632, 526326927441845, 401070179903991, 35223474166, 2055004118104490, 227993570999679, 121053321387843, 146393288729580" /><link rel="canonical" href="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/fr/policies/publishing-policies" hreflang="fr" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/de/policies/publishing-policies" hreflang="de" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/policies/publishing-policies" hreflang="en" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/la/policies/publishing-policies" hreflang="es" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/cn/policies/publishing-policies" hreflang="zh" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/jp/policies/publishing-policies" hreflang="ja" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/policies/publishing-policies" hreflang="x-default" /> <script> document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace('no-js', 'js'); </script> <script data-cc-script="C02" data-src="https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/8201881679.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">const cm10 = false;</script>  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians.css?r=0.201.0" media="not print">    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians-print.css?r=0.201.0" media="print"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/app-sn/public/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png" /><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/app-sn/public/favicon/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/app-sn/public/favicon/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16" /><link rel="manifest" href="/app-sn/public/favicon/manifest.json" /><link rel="mask-icon" href="/app-sn/public/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#f0f4f7" /><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/app-sn/public/favicon/favicon.ico" /><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#8eadbf" /><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/app-sn/public/favicon/mstile-144x144.png" /><meta name="msapplication-config" content="/app-sn/public/favicon/browserconfig.xml" /><meta name="theme-color" content="#f0f4f7" /> </head> <body class="type-page lang-gp"> <div class="cms-renderer-page-wrapper overflow-x-hidden"> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MJMGSX6&gtm_auth=cZTeqdqElxH4zSLvrFnPig&gtm_preview=env-1&gtm_cookies_win=x" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <div id="" class="has-no-image collection collection-page item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <div id="cheader" class="collection collection-page-grid-row item-1 item-1-3"><div> <div class="core"><div id="" class="collection collection-header item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <div class="logo-meta"> <div class="row"> <div class="columns small-0 header-title medium-8 large-8"> <a href="/gp" title="Springer Nature" class="logo"><img onerror="this.src='/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.svg';this.onerror=null;" src="/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.svg" alt="Springer Nature" /></a> </div> <div class="columns small-8 header-title logo-mobile"> <a href="/gp" title="Springer Nature" class="logo"><img onerror="this.src='/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature-mobile.svg';this.onerror=null;" src="/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature-mobile.svg" alt="Springer Nature" /></a> </div> <div class="columns small-2 medium-2 large-1"> <div class="row"> <div class="columns small-4 medium-4 large-1 navigation-header-2-items"> <div id="c15163390" class="has-no-image collection collection-navigation-header-2-links item-2 item-2-3 even-item section even-item-custom"><div> <div data-setting-viewtype="Navigation Header 2 links" class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-2-links--listwrap" id="search"><div id="c15163392" class="action-search teaser-navigation item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <div class="search-root link-menu-root core"> <div class="search-menu link-menu"><div class="link-menu-label">Search</div></div> <div class="link-menu-panel search-panel expandable"> <div class="row column search-form"> <form id="searchForm" action="/gp/find" class="input-append large-8 large-centered small-11 small-centered medium-10 medium-centered"> <input type="search" aria-label="search" title="search" autocomplete="off" id="queryString" name="queryString" placeholder="Search" value="" autofocus="autofocus" class="text" /> <input type="hidden" name="pageNumber" value="1" /> <button id="searchButton" type="submit" class="search-button"><div class="search-button-label">Search</div></button> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="columns small-0 medium-0 large-2 navigation-languages"> <div id="c12147342" class="collection collection-navigation-languages item-3 item-3-3 last-item end odd-item section odd-item-custom"><div> <div class="link-menu-root core"> <div class="link-menu"> <div class="link-menu-label richtext-default">EN</div> </div> <div class="link-menu-panel"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-languages--listwrap" id="lang-cn" data-mh="12147342"><div id="c15094194" class="teaser teaser-navigation-language item-2 item-2-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/cn" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-language - CN (Chinese) - https://www.springernature.com/cn">CN (Chinese)</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-languages--listwrap" id="DE" data-mh="12147342"><div id="c15256816" class="teaser teaser-navigation-language item-3 item-3-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/de" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-language - DE (German) - https://www.springernature.com/de">DE (German)</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-languages--listwrap" id="cn" data-mh="12147342"><div id="c15986850" class="teaser teaser-navigation-language item-4 item-4-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/la" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-language - ES (Spanish) - https://www.springernature.com/la">ES (Spanish)</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-languages--listwrap" id="FR" data-mh="12147342"><div id="c12147348" class="teaser teaser-navigation-language item-5 item-5-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/fr" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-language - FR (Français) - https://www.springernature.com/fr">FR (Français)</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-languages--listwrap" id="ru" data-mh="12147342"><div id="c15094188" class="teaser teaser-navigation-language item-6 item-6-6 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/jp" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-language - JP (Japanese) - https://www.springernature.com/jp">JP (Japanese) </a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="columns small-0 medium-0 large-2 navigation-header-login"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="menu icon"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="c15128648" class="collection-navigation-header--style-theme-blue collection collection-navigation-header item-1 item-1-3 odd-item section odd-item-custom"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class="row row-block-grid small-up-1"><li class="collection-navigation-header--listwrap column" id="authors"><div id="c15128650" class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--style-root-menu collection collection-navigation-header-level-2 item-1 item-1-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="#/gp/policies" class="link flap--mobile " data-section-link="/gp/policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav">Policies</a> <div> <ul class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-1"><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="" data-mh="15128650"><div id="c12211758" class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--style-colored-links collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147380" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-neutral teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Home - /gp">Home</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12211734" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-emerald teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/products" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Products - /gp/products">Products</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12213908" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Open science - /gp/open-science">Open science</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12211732" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-4 item-4-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/authors" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Authors - /gp/authors">Authors</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147358" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-5 item-5-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/editors" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Editors - /gp/editors">Editors</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147374" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-6 item-6-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/reviewers" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Peer Reviewers - /gp/reviewers">Peer Reviewers</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15128638" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-7 item-7-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/policies" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Policies - /gp/policies">Policies</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12211730" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-orange teaser teaser-navigation-full item-8 item-8-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/librarians" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Librarians - /gp/librarians">Librarians</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c19250658" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-green teaser teaser-navigation-full item-9 item-9-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/booksellers" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Booksellers - /gp/booksellers">Booksellers</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147376" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-lilac teaser teaser-navigation-full item-10 item-10-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/societies" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Societies - /gp/societies">Societies</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147382" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-lime teaser teaser-navigation-full item-11 item-11-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/partners" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Partners - /gp/partners">Partners</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147378" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-neutral teaser teaser-navigation-full item-12 item-12-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/shop" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Shop - /gp/shop">Shop</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12279240" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-13 item-13-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/advancing-discovery" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - What we do - /gp/advancing-discovery">What we do</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147360" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-neutral teaser teaser-navigation-full item-14 item-14-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/contact" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Contact - /gp/contact">Contact</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c27718490" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-15 item-15-18"><div> <div class="core"> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p>-------</p></div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12270944" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-16 item-16-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Corporate Site ↗ - /gp/group">Corporate Site ↗</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c27718494" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-17 item-17-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group/media" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Media Centre ↗ - /gp/group/media">Media Centre ↗</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c14237826" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-18 item-18-18 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group/careers" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Careers ↗ - /gp/group/careers">Careers ↗</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header--listwrap column" id=""><div id="c15179314" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-2 item-2-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/policies/about-our-policies" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - About our policies - /gp/policies/about-our-policies">About our policies</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header--listwrap column" id=""><div id="c15128642" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-3 item-3-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Publishing policies - /gp/policies/publishing-policies">Publishing policies</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header--listwrap column" id=""><div id="c15128644" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-4 item-4-4 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/policies/editorial-policies" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Editorial policies - /gp/policies/editorial-policies">Editorial policies</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="c-row-2" class="collection collection-page-grid-row item-2 item-2-3"><div> <div class="core"><div id="cmain" class="has-no-image collection collection-page-grid-placement item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <div style="data-background-image:url("https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/15146276/data/v2");background-color:#0070a8;" id="c15128660" class="has-background-image has-background-color has-no-icon teaser teaser-stage-3 item-1 item-1-4 odd-item section even-item-custom"><div> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column"><div class="core"> <div class="row"> <div class="column small-12 large-8"> <div data-mh="15128660" class="text-group"> <div class=" link-button"><a href="/gp/policies" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-stage-3 - Policies - /gp/policies">Policies</a></div> <div> <h1 class="headline stage-headline-style-default">Publishing policies</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="c15128906" class="has-no-image collection collection-general-grid-75-25 item-2 item-2-4 even-item section odd-item-custom"><div> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column"><div class="core"> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column medium-8 large-9" id="use-of-our-content-"><div id="c15128750" class="article article-default item-1 item-1-2"><div> <div class="core"> <div class=""> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p class="intro--paragraph">These policies support our primary duty as a leading research publisher to ensure that authors who entrust us to publish their work do so in the confidence that we will take every effort to make sure that it is as discoverable, accessible, understandable, usable, reusable and shareable as possible.</p></div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column medium-4 large-3" id=""><div id="c12211370" class="teaser-box--style-color-invert_1 has-no-background-image has-no-background-color has-no-icon has-no-icon-fullsize has-no-copy-text teaser teaser-box item-2 item-2-2 last-item end"><div> <a href="/gp/advancing-discovery" title="Advancing Discovery" style="" data-mh="15128906" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-box - Advancing Discovery - /gp/advancing-discovery" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" class="teaser-box__link js-match-height core"> <div class="text-group"> <h2 class="headline">Advancing Discovery</h2> </div> <span class="teaser-box__arrow-icon"></span> </a> </div></div></div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="c15128752" class="has-no-image collection collection-general-grid item-3 item-3-4 odd-item section even-item-custom"><div> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column"><div data-setting-grid-columns-large="50" data-setting-style="children-separated-by-line" data-setting-grid-columns-small="100" data-setting-grid-columns-medium="100" class="core"> <h2 class="headline headline-h2">Our publishing policies (A-Z)</h2> <div class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-1 large-up-2"><div class="column" id="accessibility"><div id="c15129146" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-1 item-1-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Accelerated article preview</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that</strong> the most impactful research papers should be made available as soon as possible after acceptance.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by</strong> offering ‘accelerated article preview’ for <em>Nature</em> and selected other journals. This allows a typeset version of the accepted article to be published online within several days of acceptance. The manuscript has not been copy edited, and is replaced online by the version of record when that becomes available.</p></div> <ul class=""></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="accessibility"><div id="c15128836" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-2 item-2-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Accessibility</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that </strong>the content we publish should be fully accessible to all users, regardless of physical abilities.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by </strong>ensuring our websites meet mandated accessibility standards, and supporting machine readability to empower third-party tools that further aid access.</p></div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="orcid-identifiers" data-mh="15128836"><div id="c17247412" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-1 item-1-3"><div> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/info/accessibility" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - springernature.com - https://www.springernature.com/gp/info/accessibility">springernature.com</a> </div></div></li><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="orcid-identifiers" data-mh="15128836"><div id="c15173300" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-2 item-2-3"><div> <a href="https://www.nature.com/info/accessibility_statement.html" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - Nature.com - https://www.nature.com/info/accessibility_statement.html">Nature.com</a> </div></div></li><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="orcid-identifiers" data-mh="15128836"><div id="c15173302" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-3 item-3-3 last-item end"><div> <a href="https://link.springer.com/accessibility" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - link.springer.com - https://link.springer.com/accessibility">link.springer.com</a> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="accessibility"><div id="c15184996" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-3 item-3-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Anti-piracy</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that</strong> it is vital to protect our authors against infringement of intellectual property, while also considering the sensitivities and concerns of the research community.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by</strong> proactively identifying, monitoring and taking action against potential instances of infringement to ensure that any threats to the intellectual property rights of our authors are targeted, disrupted and, where possible, closed down. Any concerns about online piracy or physical counterfeiting can be reported to our anti-piracy team by emailing us at <a href="mailto:anti-piracy@springernature.com" target="_self" class="is-external" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="richtext-link - anti-piracy@springernature.com - mailto:anti-piracy@springernature.com">anti-piracy@springernature.com</a>.  </p></div> <ul class=""></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="accessibility"><div id="c15129148" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-4 item-4-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Accepted manuscript</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that</strong> the version of record is the most useful and accurate version of a research paper, but that our authors should be permitted to use their accepted manuscript in line with funder policies.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by</strong> applying embargoes that comply with all relevant funder mandates regarding the availability of  accepted manuscripts. </p></div> <ul class=""></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="compliance-with-local-rules-and-regulations"><div id="c15128870" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-5 item-5-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Compliance with local rules and regulations</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that</strong> it is important that, as a global publisher, we take account of the local rules and regulations in the countries in which we distribute our published content.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by</strong> supporting researchers in complying with the rules and regulations that apply locally to the place where they do their research; working to minimize the impact of local laws on our central duty to ensure that our authors’ content reaches the widest possible global audience and that their ability to participate in international scientific endeavours is not restricted; maximising access to content while complying with local regulations and international sanctions; and remaining neutral with regards to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.    </p></div> <ul class=""></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="copyright-and-licensing-books-"><div id="c15128876" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-6 item-6-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Copyright and licensing (books)</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that</strong> authors should retain copyright of their book manuscript irrespective of imprint and book type and receive clear credit for, and ownership of, their work.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by</strong> working to harmonize book contracts across publishing divisions and book types. Most book and chapter authors will then sign a broad exclusive Licence to Publish for their contributions.</p></div> <ul class=""></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="copyright-and-licensing-journals-"><div id="c15128874" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-7 item-7-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Copyright and licensing (journals)</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that</strong> authors should retain copyright of their research manuscripts and receive clear credit for, and ownership of, their work.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by</strong> requiring authors to sign a broad exclusive Licence to Publish for original research papers for many journals, and we are moving towards implementing this for all journals. Some content types (such as review articles in selected journals or feature articles by scientist authors in <em>Scientific American</em>) require a copyright assignment due to the high degree of editorial involvement in their creation.</p></div> <ul class=""></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="copyright-and-licensing-journals-"><div id="c15184984" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-8 item-8-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Crossmark</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that</strong> it should be quick and easy for readers and librarians to see the changes to the content they are reading such as corrections or retractions, and to access valuable additional metadata such as ORCID iDs and funder information.  </p><p><strong>We achieve this by</strong> participating in Crossmark and embedding their button and link on our content pages.</p></div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="more-" data-mh="15184984"><div id="c15184992" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <a href="https://www.crossref.org/services/crossmark/" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - Crossmark - https://www.crossref.org/services/crossmark/">Crossmark</a> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="data-privacy"><div id="c15173304" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-9 item-9-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Data privacy</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that </strong>Springer Nature should be compliant with applicable data privacy legislation and use data appropriately to provide the best service we can.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by </strong>aligning our processes, data management and controls to comply with current legislative and regulatory requirements. In addition, we are updating our approach to reflect the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) which becomes applicable from 25 May 2018. We will provide more information about this nearer to that date.</p></div> <ul class=""></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="developing"><div id="c15173306" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-10 item-10-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Developing countries</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that </strong>we need to invest in education and scientific research in places where it’s needed but where people might not be able to afford it.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by </strong>working globally with organizations such as Research4Life and CGIAR to support their initiatives in reducing the scientific knowledge gap between industrialized countries and the developing world.</p></div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="" data-mh="15173306"><div id="c17247572" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-1 item-1-2"><div> <a href="/gp/group/taking-responsibility/research-for-life" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - Research4Life - /gp/group/taking-responsibility/research-for-life">Research4Life</a> </div></div></li><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="" data-mh="15173306"><div id="c17247540" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-2 item-2-2 last-item end"><div> <a href="/gp/group/taking-responsibility/cgiar" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - CGIAR - /gp/group/taking-responsibility/cgiar">CGIAR</a> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="digital-object-identifiers-dois-"><div id="c15128900" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-11 item-11-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs)</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that</strong> all the content we publish should be easily identifiable and that there should be a persistent link to its location on the Internet.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by</strong> assigning a DOI to every suitable piece of content and including the DOIs of referenced articles in the bibliographic reference lists. Reference lists are now openly available.</p></div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="orcid-identifiers" data-mh="15128900"><div id="c15176382" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-1 item-1-2"><div> <a href="http://group.springernature.com/us/group/media/press-releases/springer-nature-becomes-largest-publisher-to-open-up-all-referen/12127658" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - More information - http://group.springernature.com/us/group/media/press-releases/springer-nature-becomes-largest-publisher-to-open-up-all-referen/12127658">More information</a> </div></div></li><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="openchoice" data-mh="15128900"><div id="c15173310" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-2 item-2-2 last-item end"><div> <a href="https://www.doi.org/" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - doi.org - https://www.doi.org/">doi.org</a> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="discovery"><div id="c15128832" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-12 item-12-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Discovery</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that </strong>connecting authors’ works with relevant researchers, via our own or empowered third-party services, is a core function of publishing.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by </strong>ensuring that our content is readily discoverable in key discovery services (for example, Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus etc) and via support for machine readability (e.g. Linked Open Data, APIs etc). We also connect all referred content via bi-directional online links.</p></div> <ul class=""></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="accessibility"><div id="c17488884" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-13 item-13-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Diversity commitment</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that</strong> research benefits from diversity. We aim to foster equity, diversity and inclusion within our internal practices and in published content, embody these values in all our editorial activities and to support and promote these values in the research community.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by</strong> setting out expectations of diversity for conferences organised by Springer Nature and working to improve the gender and geographic diversity of commissioned authors, peer reviewers and editorial board members. Nature Conferences has made specific commitments, which you can read <a href="https://www.nature.com/natureconferences/nr_nature_conferences_code_of_conduct_policy.pdf" target="_self" class="is-external" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="richtext-link - here - https://www.nature.com/natureconferences/nr_nature_conferences_code_of_conduct_policy.pdf">here</a>.</p></div> <ul class=""></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="hybrid"><div id="c15173312" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-14 item-14-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Hybrid journals</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that </strong>the publication requirements of our authors are best served via the availability of, and choice offered by, a mixed model of publishing. This allows authors to publish in the journal of their choice while meeting their funder requirements.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by </strong>enabling our authors, where funding permits, to publish open access within a range of subscription journals. When authors take up this option these articles are then completely excluded from the calculation of the journal price.</p></div> <ul class=""></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="accessibility"><div id="c15128902" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-15 item-15-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Intermediaries and distribution partners</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that </strong>to allow for the widest reach of our content and the most appropriate local support for our products and customers, we should work with committed partners.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by </strong>working globally with resellers and agents to reach a broader group of customers and readers. This allows us to facilitate local requirements and create an extended presence around the globe. We require our partners to commit to our Business Partner Code of Conduct, joining us in reaffirming our commitments to respect the laws and regulations that impact our business and to act in a sustainable and socially responsible way.</p></div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="" data-mh="15128902"><div id="c15173320" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-1 item-1-2"><div> <a href="/gp/group-old/responsible-business" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - More on responsible business - /gp/group-old/responsible-business">More on responsible business</a> </div></div></li><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="" data-mh="15128902"><div id="c15173318" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-2 item-2-2 last-item end"><div> <a href="/gp/partners" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - More on partners - /gp/partners">More on partners</a> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="open"><div id="c15173322" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-16 item-16-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Open access</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that </strong>driving open research is of great and increasing importance to advancing discovery.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by </strong>offering over 630 fully open access journals, an open access option on over 1,700 journals, and having a liberal self-archiving policy, which permits authors to self-archive their accepted manuscript shortly after first online publication.</p></div> <ul class=""></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="orcid-identifiers"><div id="c15128884" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-17 item-17-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">ORCID identifiers</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that</strong> ORCID’s vision of “a world where all who participate in research, scholarship, and innovation are uniquely identified and connected to their contributions across disciplines, borders, and time” is an inspirational goal that we should strongly support. </p><p><strong>We achieve this by</strong> using ORCID’s APIs to link our publishing systems to their database, supporting and encouraging authors to obtain an ORCID iD, and automatically adding the papers that they publish with us to their ORCID record. </p></div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="" data-mh="15128884"><div id="c15173324" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-1 item-1-2"><div> <a href="/gp/researchers/orcid" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - More information - /gp/researchers/orcid">More information</a> </div></div></li><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="orcid-identifiers" data-mh="15128884"><div id="c15128888" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-2 item-2-2 last-item end"><div> <a href="https://orcid.org/" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - ORCID.org - https://orcid.org/">ORCID.org</a> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="political"><div id="c15173326" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-18 item-18-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Political neutrality</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that</strong> Springer Nature should not take political positions and should not support political parties or endorse political candidates.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by </strong>being politically neutral (which includes not donating to political parties or endorsing politically-driven boycotts) while respecting the editorial independence of the media in respect of our journalist content. This means that while editorial content in Springer Nature publications might sometimes take a political position, it should not be seen as a reflection or otherwise of the company’s position.  Editorial content is not influenced by the company and vice versa.</p></div> <ul class=""></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="preservation-of-our-content"><div id="c15128868" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-19 item-19-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Preservation of our content</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that</strong> it is our duty to support preservation of the scientific record for future generations.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by </strong>working with one or more of the following long-term digital preservation services: the National Science Library Chinese Academy of Sciences, CLOCKSS, the Koninklijke Bibliotheek e-Depot and Portico. A copy of every printed journal and book is deposited with the British Library, the US Library of Congress and the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek depending on the origin of the title. We also retain confidential information about the peer review process, and manuscript versions, in our manuscript tracking systems.</p></div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="orcid-identifiers" data-mh="15128868"><div id="c15176390" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-1 item-1-4"><div> <a href="http://english.las.cas.cn/" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - Chinese Academy of Sciences - http://english.las.cas.cn/">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a> </div></div></li><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="orcid-identifiers" data-mh="15128868"><div id="c15176394" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-2 item-2-4"><div> <a href="https://www.clockss.org/" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - CLOCKSS.org - https://www.clockss.org/">CLOCKSS.org</a> </div></div></li><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="orcid-identifiers" data-mh="15128868"><div id="c15176396" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-3 item-3-4"><div> <a href="https://www.kb.nl/en/organisation/research-expertise/long-term-usability-of-digital-resources/information-for-international-publishers" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - Koninklijke Bibliotheek - https://www.kb.nl/en/organisation/research-expertise/long-term-usability-of-digital-resources/information-for-international-publishers">Koninklijke Bibliotheek</a> </div></div></li><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="orcid-identifiers" data-mh="15128868"><div id="c15176398" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-4 item-4-4 last-item end"><div> <a href="http://www.portico.org/digital-preservation/" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - PORTICO.org - http://www.portico.org/digital-preservation/">PORTICO.org</a> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="rights-and-permissions"><div id="c15128850" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-20 item-20-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Rights and permissions</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that</strong> third parties should be able to reproduce material from our publications and online products as part of another publication, product or origin at a conference, presentation or app.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by</strong> enabling rapid, simple implementation of third-party permissions through the Rightslink® system (available on the article/chapter level web page) or copyright.com. Also, we offer translation right sales globally.</p></div> <ul class=""></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="collaboration"><div id="c15128846" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-21 item-21-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Scholarly collaboration networks</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that </strong>as a progressive publisher, we should support authors who wish to share their research on scholarly collaboration networks.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by </strong>encouraging authors to share articles using open access or SharedIt links. We ask that intellectual property rights are respected, and that systems are used that maintain links to the scientific record while also allowing us, as the publisher, to track and report on usage to relevant authors and librarians. </p></div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="orcid-identifiers" data-mh="15128846"><div id="c15176402" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <a href="http://preview.springernature.com/gp/policies/publishing-policies#c15128864" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - More information SharedIt - http://preview.springernature.com/gp/policies/publishing-policies#c15128864">More information SharedIt</a> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="sharing-of-our-content"><div id="c15128864" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-22 item-22-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Sharing of our content</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that</strong> researchers should be able to share research content easily, while respecting applicable licensing and copyright terms and conditions.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by</strong> enabling SharedIt for authors and subscribers. SharedIt creates view-only links to full-text subscription research articles that can be posted anywhere, including on social media platforms, scholarly collaboration networks, author websites and in institutional repositories. We are running pilots for books sharing, and, of course, all open access content can be immediately shared without limitation. </p></div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="" data-mh="15128864"><div id="c15175276" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <a href="/gp/researchers/sharedit" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - More information SharedIt - /gp/researchers/sharedit">More information SharedIt</a> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="subscription"><div id="c15173328" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-23 item-23-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Subscription access</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that </strong>the subscription model remains relevant as it is the best way to provide sustainable and widespread access to journals with significant editorial investment and very low acceptance rates and to ensure that researchers without funding still have a route to publish.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by </strong>providing a range of journals to suit the individual needs and preferences of our customers and we will continue to sustain subscription journals for the foreseeable future.</p></div> <ul class=""></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="subscription"><div id="c15173330" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-24 item-24-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Text and data mining</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that </strong>the content we publish should be available for further research and analysis.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by </strong>having generous re-use terms that allow for text and data mining (TDM) and the production of derivative works. As tools improve, Springer Nature strives to make TDM as simple as possible for researchers. Next to a large variety of APIs we have developed Springer Nature SciGraph – a Linked Open Data platform that collates information from across the research landscape such as bibliographic metadata in relation to people, places, organizations, grants, funders, conferences.</p></div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="" data-mh="15173330"><div id="c15718492" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <a href="/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - More information - /gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining">More information</a> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="use-of-our-content"><div id="c15128842" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-25 item-25-26"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Use of our content</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that </strong>the content we publish should be available to the widest possible audience.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by </strong>working closely with librarians to provide cost-effective access to their patrons, and complying with the vast majority of funder policies for green and gold open access. </p></div> <ul class=""></ul> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="version-of-record"><div id="c15128882" class="has-no-image collection collection-links-buttons item-26 item-26-26 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline headline-h3">Version of record</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong>We believe that </strong>we have a responsibility to maintain the integrity of the scientific record by correcting and preserving the version of record of the manuscript.</p><p><strong>We achieve this by </strong>by defining the version of record in a digital world, ensuring independent preservation, and clearly indicating if the version of record has been corrected through our article presentation and implementation of Crossmark.</p></div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-links-buttons--listwrap" id="more-" data-mh="15128882"><div id="c15173332" class="teaser teaser-link-button item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <a href="https://www.crossref.org/services/crossmark/" class="link core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-link-button - Crossmark - https://www.crossref.org/services/crossmark/">Crossmark</a> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="c11997224" class="has-no-image collection collection-general-grid item-4 item-4-4 last-item end even-item section odd-item-custom"><div> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column"><div data-setting-grid-columns-large="20" data-setting-grid-columns-small="100" data-setting-grid-columns-medium="50" class="core"> <h2 class="headline headline-h2">Stay up to date</h2> <div class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-5"><div class="column" id=""><div id="c11997218" class="teaser-icon--style-highlight linked has-copy-text teaser teaser-icon item-1 item-1-5" data-mh="11997224"><div> <a href="https://x.com/SpringerNature" title="Follow us on Twitter" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-icon - Follow us on Twitter - https://x.com/SpringerNature" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" class="teaser-icon-link core"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-visual"> <div class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><title>_</title><path d="M28.711,9.482c.021.284.021.568.021.853C28.732,19,22.134,29,10.071,29A18.536,18.536,0,0,1,0,26.05a13.284,13.284,0,0,0,1.584.083,13.123,13.123,0,0,0,8.141-2.8,6.564,6.564,0,0,1-6.131-4.547,8.476,8.476,0,0,0,1.237.1,6.929,6.929,0,0,0,1.726-.222A6.561,6.561,0,0,1,1.3,12.223v-.08a6.64,6.64,0,0,0,2.963.832A6.574,6.574,0,0,1,2.232,4.2a18.648,18.648,0,0,0,13.525,6.862,7.238,7.238,0,0,1-.163-1.5A6.563,6.563,0,0,1,26.944,5.077a12.947,12.947,0,0,0,4.162-1.584,6.539,6.539,0,0,1-2.883,3.614A13.2,13.2,0,0,0,32,6.092,14.08,14.08,0,0,1,28.711,9.482Z"/></svg> </div> </div> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-content"> <div> <span class="link teaser_icon_title">Follow us on Twitter</span> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p>Here to foster information exchange with the library community</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c12339996" class="teaser-icon--style-highlight linked has-no-copy-text teaser teaser-icon item-2 item-2-5" data-mh="11997224"><div> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/SpringerNature/" title="Follow us on Facebook" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-icon - Follow us on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/SpringerNature/" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" class="teaser-icon-link core"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-visual"> <div class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><title>_</title><path d="M24.307,5.307H21.288c-2.363,0-2.806,1.135-2.806,2.77v3.633h5.635L23.365,17.4H18.481V32H12.6V17.4h-4.9V11.711h4.9V7.519C12.6,2.655,15.577,0,19.922,0a38.037,38.037,0,0,1,4.385.23Z"/></svg> </div> </div> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-content"> <div> <span class="link teaser_icon_title">Follow us on Facebook</span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c11997212" class="teaser-icon--style-highlight linked has-copy-text teaser teaser-icon item-3 item-3-5" data-mh="11997224"><div> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/springernature/" title="Connect on LinkedIn" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-icon - Connect on LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/springernature/" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" class="teaser-icon-link core"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-visual"> <div class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><title>_</title><path d="M3.838,7.508H3.8A3.549,3.549,0,0,1,0,3.94,3.588,3.588,0,0,1,3.881.372,3.551,3.551,0,0,1,7.719,3.94,3.563,3.563,0,0,1,3.838,7.508ZM7.236,31H.351V10.324H7.236ZM32,31H25.135V19.941c0-2.774-1-4.672-3.482-4.672a3.759,3.759,0,0,0-3.525,2.5,5.169,5.169,0,0,0-.231,1.691V31H11.032c.085-18.735,0-20.676,0-20.676H17.9v3h-.043a6.811,6.811,0,0,1,6.238-3.486C28.621,9.844,32,12.806,32,19.15Z"/></svg> </div> </div> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-content"> <div> <span class="link teaser_icon_title">Connect on LinkedIn</span> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p>Connect with us on LinkedIn and stay up to date with news and development.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c12351546" class="teaser-icon--style-highlight linked has-no-copy-text teaser teaser-icon item-4 item-4-5" data-mh="11997224"><div> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/SpringerNature" title="Watch us on YouTube" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-icon - Watch us on YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/SpringerNature" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" class="teaser-icon-link core"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-visual"> <div class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><title>small_youtube</title><path d="M31.68,8.855a6.923,6.923,0,0,0-1.272-3.176A4.577,4.577,0,0,0,27.2,4.324C22.724,4,16.007,4,16.007,4h-.014S9.276,4,4.8,4.324A4.577,4.577,0,0,0,1.592,5.679,6.921,6.921,0,0,0,.32,8.855,48.4,48.4,0,0,0,0,14.034v2.428a48.4,48.4,0,0,0,.32,5.179,6.921,6.921,0,0,0,1.272,3.176A5.426,5.426,0,0,0,5.12,26.185c2.56.245,10.88.321,10.88.321s6.724-.01,11.2-.334a4.577,4.577,0,0,0,3.206-1.355,6.923,6.923,0,0,0,1.272-3.176A48.46,48.46,0,0,0,32,16.462V14.034A48.462,48.462,0,0,0,31.68,8.855ZM12.7,19.4l0-8.991,8.647,4.511Z"/></svg></div> </div> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-content"> <div> <span class="link teaser_icon_title">Watch us on YouTube</span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c15203934" class="teaser-icon--style-highlight linked has-no-copy-text teaser teaser-icon item-5 item-5-5 last-item end" data-mh="11997224"><div> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/SpringerNature/" title="Follow us on Instagram" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-icon - Follow us on Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/SpringerNature/" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" class="teaser-icon-link core"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-visual"> <div class="icon"><svg id="small_instagram" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16,7.784A8.216,8.216,0,1,0,24.216,16,8.216,8.216,0,0,0,16,7.784Zm0,13.55A5.333,5.333,0,1,1,21.333,16,5.333,5.333,0,0,1,16,21.333ZM26.461,7.459a1.92,1.92,0,1,1-1.92-1.92A1.92,1.92,0,0,1,26.461,7.459ZM31.9,9.4a11.744,11.744,0,0,0-.744-3.884,7.843,7.843,0,0,0-1.845-2.834A7.843,7.843,0,0,0,26.481.84,11.744,11.744,0,0,0,22.6.1C20.89.018,20.345,0,16,0S11.11.018,9.4.1A11.744,11.744,0,0,0,5.519.84,7.843,7.843,0,0,0,2.685,2.685,7.843,7.843,0,0,0,.84,5.519,11.744,11.744,0,0,0,.1,9.4C.018,11.11,0,11.655,0,16s.018,4.89.1,6.6A11.744,11.744,0,0,0,.84,26.481a7.843,7.843,0,0,0,1.845,2.834A7.844,7.844,0,0,0,5.519,31.16,11.746,11.746,0,0,0,9.4,31.9c1.707.078,2.251.1,6.6.1s4.89-.018,6.6-.1a11.746,11.746,0,0,0,3.884-.744,8.182,8.182,0,0,0,4.679-4.679A11.744,11.744,0,0,0,31.9,22.6c.078-1.707.1-2.251.1-6.6S31.982,11.11,31.9,9.4Zm-2.88,13.062a8.852,8.852,0,0,1-.551,2.971,5.3,5.3,0,0,1-3.037,3.037,8.853,8.853,0,0,1-2.971.551c-1.687.077-2.193.093-6.465.093s-4.778-.016-6.465-.093a8.853,8.853,0,0,1-2.971-.551,4.957,4.957,0,0,1-1.84-1.2,4.957,4.957,0,0,1-1.2-1.84,8.854,8.854,0,0,1-.551-2.971C2.9,20.778,2.883,20.272,2.883,16s.016-4.778.093-6.465a8.854,8.854,0,0,1,.551-2.971,4.957,4.957,0,0,1,1.2-1.84,4.958,4.958,0,0,1,1.84-1.2,8.854,8.854,0,0,1,2.971-.551C11.222,2.9,11.728,2.883,16,2.883s4.778.016,6.465.093a8.854,8.854,0,0,1,2.971.551,4.958,4.958,0,0,1,1.84,1.2,4.957,4.957,0,0,1,1.2,1.84,8.852,8.852,0,0,1,.551,2.971c.077,1.687.093,2.193.093,6.465S29.1,20.778,29.024,22.465Z"/></svg></div> </div> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-content"> <div> <span class="link teaser_icon_title">Follow us on Instagram</span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div></div></div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div> </div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="cfooter" class="collection collection-page-grid-row item-3 item-3-3 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"><div id="" class="collection collection-footer item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <div id="c12219010" class="has-no-image collection collection-navigation-footer item-1 item-1-3 odd-item section odd-item-custom"><div> <div data-setting-viewtype="Navigation Footer" class="core"> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column medium-4 large-2" id="products-solutions"><div id="c12219026" class="collection collection-navigation-footer-level-2 item-1 item-1-5"><div> <div class="core"> <strong class="headline flap--mobile">Products</strong> <div> <div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219026"><div id="c12211842" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-1 item-1-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/products/journals" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Journals - /gp/products/journals">Journals</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219026"><div id="c12211834" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-2 item-2-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/products/books" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Books - /gp/products/books">Books</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219026"><div id="c12211846" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-3 item-3-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/products/platforms" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Platforms - /gp/products/platforms">Platforms</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219026"><div id="c12211844" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-4 item-4-4 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/products/database" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Databases - /gp/products/database">Databases</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column medium-4 large-2" id="researchers-partners"><div id="c12219016" class="collection collection-navigation-footer-level-2 item-2 item-2-5"><div> <div class="core"> <strong class="headline flap--mobile">Researchers & Partners</strong> <div> <div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219016"><div id="c12211732" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-1 item-1-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/authors" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Authors - /gp/authors">Authors</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219016"><div id="c12147358" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-2 item-2-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/editors" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Editors - /gp/editors">Editors</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219016"><div id="c12213908" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-3 item-3-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Open science - /gp/open-science">Open science</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219016"><div id="c12147376" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-4 item-4-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/societies" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Societies - /gp/societies">Societies</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219016"><div id="c12147382" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-5 item-5-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/partners" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Partners - /gp/partners">Partners</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219016"><div id="c15128638" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-6 item-6-6 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/policies" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Policies - /gp/policies">Policies</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column medium-4 large-2" id="librarians"><div id="c12218998" class="collection collection-navigation-footer-level-2 item-3 item-3-5"><div> <div class="core"> <strong class="headline flap--mobile">Librarians</strong> <div> <div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c13276880" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-1 item-1-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/librarians" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Overview - /gp/librarians">Overview</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c12248062" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-2 item-2-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/librarians/products" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Products - /gp/librarians/products">Products</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c12248084" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-3 item-3-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/librarians/licensing" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Licensing - /gp/librarians/licensing">Licensing</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c12248086" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-4 item-4-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/librarians/tools-services" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Tools & Services - /gp/librarians/tools-services">Tools & Services</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c12248088" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-5 item-5-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/librarians/tools-services/evaluate/account-development" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Account Development - /gp/librarians/tools-services/evaluate/account-development">Account Development</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c12214650" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-6 item-6-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/librarians/the-link" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Blog - /gp/librarians/the-link">Blog</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c13276874" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-7 item-7-7 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/librarians/contact-us" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Sales and account contacts - /gp/librarians/contact-us">Sales and account contacts</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column medium-4 large-2" id="our-company"><div id="c12219024" class="collection collection-navigation-footer-level-2 item-4 item-4-5"><div> <div class="core"> <strong class="headline flap--mobile">Our company</strong> <div> <div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c16303858" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-1 item-1-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Overview - /gp/group">Overview</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c17612242" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-2 item-2-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group/about-us" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - About us - /gp/group/about-us">About us</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c17612248" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-3 item-3-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group/careers" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Careers - /gp/group/careers">Careers</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c17612252" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-4 item-4-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group/about-us/education-business" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Education - /gp/group/about-us/education-business">Education</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c17612376" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-5 item-5-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group/about-us/health-business" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Professional - /gp/group/about-us/health-business">Professional</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c17612378" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-6 item-6-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group/media" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Media Centre - /gp/group/media">Media Centre</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c17612380" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-7 item-7-7 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group/about-us/locations-contact" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Locations & Contact - /gp/group/about-us/locations-contact">Locations & Contact</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column medium-6 large-4" id="about-us"><div id="c12219020" class="collection collection-navigation-footer-level-2-teaser item-5 item-5-5 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"><ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2-teaser--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10683756" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-3"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/contact" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Contact - /gp/contact">Contact</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2-teaser--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12348462" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-3"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/shop" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Shop - /gp/shop">Shop</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2-teaser--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12219030" class="teaser teaser-navigation-button item-3 item-3-3 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline">About us </h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p>We are a world leading research, educational and professional publisher. Visit our main website for more information.</p></div> <a href="https://group.springernature.com/gp/group" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-button - Corporate site ↗ - https://group.springernature.com/gp/group">Corporate site ↗</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div> </div></div></div></div> </div> </div></div> <div class="collection--footer-row-second"> <div class="row logo-social-row"> <div class="column logo"> <img onerror="this.src='/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature_white.png';this.onerror=null;" src="/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature_white.svg" alt="Springer Nature" /> </div> <div class="column"> <div id="c12219000" class="has-no-image collection collection-navigation-footer-social item-3 item-3-3 last-item end odd-item section odd-item-custom"><div> <div data-setting-viewtype="Navigation Footer - Social" class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-social--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219000"><div id="c12219028" class="teaser teaser-navigation-icon item-1 item-1-3"><div> <a href="https://x.com/SpringerNature" title="small_twitter" class="icon core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-icon - small_twitter - https://x.com/SpringerNature"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><title>_</title><path d="M28.711,9.482c.021.284.021.568.021.853C28.732,19,22.134,29,10.071,29A18.536,18.536,0,0,1,0,26.05a13.284,13.284,0,0,0,1.584.083,13.123,13.123,0,0,0,8.141-2.8,6.564,6.564,0,0,1-6.131-4.547,8.476,8.476,0,0,0,1.237.1,6.929,6.929,0,0,0,1.726-.222A6.561,6.561,0,0,1,1.3,12.223v-.08a6.64,6.64,0,0,0,2.963.832A6.574,6.574,0,0,1,2.232,4.2a18.648,18.648,0,0,0,13.525,6.862,7.238,7.238,0,0,1-.163-1.5A6.563,6.563,0,0,1,26.944,5.077a12.947,12.947,0,0,0,4.162-1.584,6.539,6.539,0,0,1-2.883,3.614A13.2,13.2,0,0,0,32,6.092,14.08,14.08,0,0,1,28.711,9.482Z"/></svg> </a> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-social--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219000"><div id="c12351558" class="teaser teaser-navigation-icon item-2 item-2-3"><div> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/SpringerNature/" title="small_facebook" class="icon core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-icon - small_facebook - https://www.facebook.com/SpringerNature/"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><title>_</title><path d="M24.307,5.307H21.288c-2.363,0-2.806,1.135-2.806,2.77v3.633h5.635L23.365,17.4H18.481V32H12.6V17.4h-4.9V11.711h4.9V7.519C12.6,2.655,15.577,0,19.922,0a38.037,38.037,0,0,1,4.385.23Z"/></svg> </a> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-social--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219000"><div id="c12219018" class="teaser teaser-navigation-icon item-3 item-3-3 last-item end"><div> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/springernature/" title="small_linkedin" class="icon core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-icon - small_linkedin - https://www.linkedin.com/company/springernature/"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><title>_</title><path d="M3.838,7.508H3.8A3.549,3.549,0,0,1,0,3.94,3.588,3.588,0,0,1,3.881.372,3.551,3.551,0,0,1,7.719,3.94,3.563,3.563,0,0,1,3.838,7.508ZM7.236,31H.351V10.324H7.236ZM32,31H25.135V19.941c0-2.774-1-4.672-3.482-4.672a3.759,3.759,0,0,0-3.525,2.5,5.169,5.169,0,0,0-.231,1.691V31H11.032c.085-18.735,0-20.676,0-20.676H17.9v3h-.043a6.811,6.811,0,0,1,6.238-3.486C28.621,9.844,32,12.806,32,19.15Z"/></svg> </a> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <div id="c12219004" class="has-no-image collection collection-navigation-footer-meta item-2 item-2-3 even-item section even-item-custom"><div> <div data-setting-viewtype="Navigation Footer - Meta" class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c12219008" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-1 item-1-8"><div> <div class="core"> <div class="richtext richtext-default">© 2024 Springer Nature</div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c12219012" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-2 item-2-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/legal/general-terms-of-use/11033520" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-footer - General terms and conditions - /gp/legal/general-terms-of-use/11033520">General terms and conditions</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c12219002" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-3 item-3-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/legal/privacy-statement" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-footer - Privacy - /gp/legal/privacy-statement">Privacy</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c18144988" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-4 item-4-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/legal/ccpa" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-footer - Your US State Privacy Rights - /gp/legal/ccpa">Your US State Privacy Rights</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c16433454" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-5 item-5-8"><div> <div class="core"> <button data-cc-action="preferences" class="link">Your Privacy Choices / Manage Cookies</button> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c16708130" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-6 item-6-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/info/accessibility" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-footer - Accessibility - /gp/info/accessibility">Accessibility</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c12219032" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-7 item-7-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/legal/imprint/11033518" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-footer - Legal notice - /gp/legal/imprint/11033518">Legal notice</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c18790562" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-8 item-8-8 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc2LypsSJUsJ_vnIqqH2JiScOLajz1lyjK4mTiqSAs5GuQobA/viewform" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/policies/publishing-policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-footer - Help us to improve this site, send feedback. - https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc2LypsSJUsJ_vnIqqH2JiScOLajz1lyjK4mTiqSAs5GuQobA/viewform">Help us to improve this site, send feedback.</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div></div> </div> </div></div> </div>  <script src="/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>    <script defer="defer" src="/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery.bxslider.min.js?r=0.201.0"></script> <script defer="defer" type="text/javascript" src="/app-sn/public/scripts/charts-loader.js"></script> <script defer="defer" src="/app-sn/public/dist/bundle.js?r=0.201.0"></script> <script defer="defer" src="//www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Publishing policies | Policies | Springer Nature