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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Takrifan_am" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Takrifan_am"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Takrifan am</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Takrifan_am-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kawasan metropolitan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 72 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolregion" title="Metropolregion – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Metropolregion" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89" title="مدينة كبرى – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدينة كبرى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aria_metropolitana" title="Aria metropolitana – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Aria metropolitana" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rea_metropolitana" title="Área metropolitana – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Área metropolitana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqlomerasiya_regionu" title="Aqlomerasiya regionu – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aqlomerasiya regionu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_metropolitan" title="Area metropolitan – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Area metropolitan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="মহানগর এলাকা – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মহানগর এলাকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%CD%98-h%C5%8De-khu" title="To͘-hōe-khu – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="To͘-hōe-khu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="महानगरीय क्षेत्र – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="महानगरीय क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadakulaan_na_rona" title="Kadakulaan na rona – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kadakulaan na rona" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="གྲོང་ཁྱེར་ཆེན་པོར། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གྲོང་ཁྱེར་ཆེན་པོར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitansko_podru%C4%8Dje" title="Metropolitansko područje – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Metropolitansko područje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolead_k%C3%AAr" title="Tolead kêr – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tolead kêr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Метрополен регион – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Метрополен регион" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80rea_metropolitana" title="Àrea metropolitana – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àrea metropolitana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitn%C3%AD_oblast" title="Metropolitní oblast – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Metropolitní oblast" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storbyomr%C3%A5de" title="Storbyområde – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Storbyområde" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolregion" title="Metropolregion – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Metropolregion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suurlinnapiirkond" title="Suurlinnapiirkond – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suurlinnapiirkond" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE" title="Μητροπολιτική περιοχή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μητροπολιτική περιοχή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Metropolitan area" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rea_metropolitana" title="Área metropolitana – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Área metropolitana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolaj_regionoj" title="Metropolaj regionoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Metropolaj regionoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropoli-eremu" title="Metropoli-eremu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Metropoli-eremu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="منطقه کلان‌شهری – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منطقه کلان‌شهری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aire_urbaine" title="Aire urbaine – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aire urbaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard_moirvaljagh" title="Ard moirvaljagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ard moirvaljagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rea_metropolitana" title="Área metropolitana – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Área metropolitana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C%EA%B6%8C" title="도시권 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도시권" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="महानगरीय क्षेत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="महानगरीय क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitansko_podru%C4%8Dje" title="Metropolitansko područje – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Metropolitansko područje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolala_regiono" title="Metropolala regiono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Metropolala regiono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B3rborgarsv%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Stórborgarsvæði – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stórborgarsvæði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_metropolitana" title="Area metropolitana – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Area metropolitana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="מטרופולין – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מטרופולין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lielpils%C4%93tas_teritorija" title="Lielpilsētas teritorija – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lielpilsētas teritorija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_metrupulitana" title="Area metrupulitana – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Area metrupulitana" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Метрополитенска област – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Метрополитенска област" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89" title="مدينه كبرى – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مدينه كبرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropoolregio" title="Metropoolregio – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Metropoolregio" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropool" title="Metropool – Saxon Rendah" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Metropool" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Saxon Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="महानगरीय क्षेत्र – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="महानगरीय क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%8F" title="都市圏 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="都市圏" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byregion" title="Byregion – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Byregion" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byregion" title="Byregion – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Byregion" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obszar_metropolitalny" title="Obszar metropolitalny – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obszar metropolitalny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_metropolitana" title="Região metropolitana – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Região metropolitana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zon%C4%83_metropolitan%C4%83" title="Zonă metropolitană – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zonă metropolitană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Метрополитенский ареал – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Метрополитенский ареал" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_metropolitana" title="Area metropolitana – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Area metropolitana" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Metropolitan area" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Metropolitan area" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitn%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5" title="Metropolitná oblasť – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Metropolitná oblasť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitansko_obmo%C4%8Dje" title="Metropolitansko območje – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Metropolitansko območje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magaalo_weyn" title="Magaalo weyn – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Magaalo weyn" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitansko_podru%C4%8Dje" title="Metropolitansko područje – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Metropolitansko područje" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitansko_podru%C4%8Dje" title="Metropolitansko područje – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Metropolitansko područje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolialue" title="Metropolialue – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Metropolialue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storstadsomr%C3%A5de" title="Storstadsområde – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Storstadsområde" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalakhang_pook" title="Kalakhang pook – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kalakhang pook" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="பெருநகர் பகுதி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெருநகர் பகுதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="మెట్రోపాలిటన్ ప్రాంతం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మెట్రోపాలిటన్ ప్రాంతం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3" title="เขตมหานคร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เขตมหานคร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B9ng_%C4%91%C3%B4_th%E1%BB%8B" title="Vùng đô thị – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vùng đô thị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropoliten_alan" title="Metropoliten alan – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Metropoliten alan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Метрополійна територія – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Метрополійна територія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%81" title="میٹروپولیٹن علاقہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میٹروپولیٹن علاقہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%88" title="都市圈 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="都市圈" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%97" title="מעטראפאליטען שטח – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מעטראפאליטען שטח" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E6%9C%83%E5%8D%80" title="都會區 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="都會區" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baraceyo_metropoliten" title="Baraceyo metropoliten – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Baraceyo metropoliten" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%88" title="都市圈 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="都市圈" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1907114#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kawasan_metropolitan" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Kawasan_metropolitan" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kawasan_metropolitan"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kawasan_metropolitan"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Kawasan_metropolitan" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Kawasan_metropolitan" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&oldid=5249856" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Kawasan_metropolitan&id=5249856&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DKawasan_metropolitan%26oldid%3D5249856"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DKawasan_metropolitan%26oldid%3D5249856"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kawasan+metropolitan"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kawasan_metropolitan&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> 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title="Khas:Sumbangan/InternetArchiveBot">sumb.</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8)</span></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&diff=prev&oldid=5249856" title="Kawasan metropolitan">beza</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&direction=prev&oldid=5249856" title="Kawasan metropolitan">← Semakan terdahulu</a> | Semakan semasa (beza) | Semakan berikutnya→ (beza)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Tokyo_sight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Tokyo_sight.jpg/220px-Tokyo_sight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Tokyo_sight.jpg/330px-Tokyo_sight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Tokyo_sight.jpg/440px-Tokyo_sight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_Tokyo_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan Tokyo Raya (laman tidak wujud)">Kawasan Tokyo Raya</a> ialah kawasan metropolitan yang paling ramai penduduknya dengan kira-kira 35 juta orang.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:San_Diego-Tijuana_Metro_3D_Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/San_Diego-Tijuana_Metro_3D_Map.jpg/220px-San_Diego-Tijuana_Metro_3D_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/San_Diego-Tijuana_Metro_3D_Map.jpg/330px-San_Diego-Tijuana_Metro_3D_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/San_Diego-Tijuana_Metro_3D_Map.jpg/440px-San_Diego-Tijuana_Metro_3D_Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="724" /></a><figcaption>Lukisan imej 3D kelompokan bandar dwinegara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan_San_Diego_%E2%80%93_Tijuana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan metropolitan San Diego – Tijuana (laman tidak wujud)">kawasan metropolitan San Diego – Tijuana</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kawasan metropolitan</b> ialah pusat kependudukan besar yang terdiri daripada sebuah <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">metropolis</a> besar dan kawasan pengaruhnya yang bersebelahan, atau segugusan <a href="/wiki/Bandar_raya" title="Bandar raya">bandar raya</a> besar yang bersebelahan dan kawasan pengaruhnya. Sesebuah kawasan metropolitan biasanya mendapat namanya sempena bandaraya terbesar atau terpenting dalam lingkungannya. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Takrifan_am">Takrifan am</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Takrifan am" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Takrifan am"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Semenjak diterima pakai pada tahun 1950<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, tiada perubahan besar dalam "konsep" kawasan metropolitan asas, namun sejak itu telah berlakunya perubahan besar dalam taburan geografi, oleh itu dijangka terus berubah mengikut peredaran zaman.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orang awam dan pihak media sering menggunakan istilah "kawasan metro" atau sebagainya untuk memaksudkan seluruh kawasan geografi, termasuk bukan sahaja kependudukan bandaraya yang terkenal, bahkan juga kependudukan di kawasan tengah bandar, subbandar, lepas bandar dan adakalanya luar bandar, semuanya dipengaruhi oleh kegiatan pekerjaan, pengangkutan, dan perdagangan di bandaraya terbesar. </p><p>Biasanya, kawasan metropolitan menggabungkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelompokan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelompokan (laman tidak wujud)">kelompokan</a> (kawasan binaan bersempadan) dengan kawasan-kawasan persisian yang tidak semestinya bersifat bandar, tetapi terikat dengan pusat oleh kegiatan pekerjaan atau perdagangan. Kawasan ini juga dikenali sebagai <b>kawasan komuter</b>, dan boleh juga diluaskan ke luar persisian bandar, iaitu kawasan yang bukan dalam lingkungan bandaraya tetapi dihubungkan dengan bandaraya tersebut. Contohnya, <a href="/wiki/Ampang_Jaya" title="Ampang Jaya">Ampang Jaya</a> dikira tergolong dalam kawasan metro <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>; biarpun bukan dalam lingkungan namun dihubung erat. </p><p>Bandaraya teras dalam kawasan metroplitan polisentrik tidak semestinya disambungkan oleh pembangunan binaan bersebelahan, berbeza dengan <a href="/wiki/Bandar_gabungan" title="Bandar gabungan">bandar gabungan</a> yang memerlukan bandar-bandar tersebut bersempadan. Dalam kawasan metropolitan, adalah memadai untuk bandaraya pusat membentuk nukleus kependudukan besar yang cukup disepadukan bersama juzuk-juzuk lain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_gabungan" title="Bandar gabungan">Bandar gabungan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecumenopolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecumenopolis (laman tidak wujud)">Ecumenopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_perindustrian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan perindustrian (laman tidak wujud)">Kawasan perindustrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalopolis" title="Megalopolis">Megalopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebakan_bandar" title="Rebakan bandar">Rebakan bandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senarai_bandar_raya_mengikut_populasi" title="Senarai bandar raya mengikut populasi">Senarai bandar raya mengikut populasi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.census.gov/population/www/metroareas/aboutmetro.html">http://www.census.gov/population/www/metroareas/aboutmetro.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/rewrite/fedreg/msa.html">http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/rewrite/fedreg/msa.html</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.MetroFYI.com/">MetroFYI.com</a> - Partial list of Travel and Tourism information for North America (Many major Metros are NOT included and most are advertising related).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metropolis.org/">metropolis.org</a> - An organisation of world metropolises</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urban.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/index_e.htm">Urban Employment Areas in Japan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070202012748/http://www.urban.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/index_e.htm">Diarkibkan</a> 2007-02-02 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Metropolitan Employment Areas in Japan)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.turismo.fvg.it/poli">[1]</a> (Metropolis read by maps in Friuli Venezia Giulia - Northeast of Italy - EU)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-geopolis.eu">Geopolis</a> : research group, university of Paris-Diderot, France — Urbanization of the world</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&oldid=5249856">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan&oldid=5249856</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kawasan_metropolitan" title="Kategori:Kawasan metropolitan">Kawasan metropolitan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Geografi_bandar" title="Kategori:Geografi bandar">Geografi bandar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Demografi" title="Kategori:Demografi">Demografi</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Kependudukan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Kependudukan (laman tidak wujud)">Kependudukan</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pautan_wayback_templat_webarchive" title="Kategori:Pautan wayback templat webarchive">Pautan wayback templat webarchive</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 11:11, 28 Ogos 2021.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. 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