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class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Измените внешний вид страницы, размер, ширину и цвет шрифта." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ba.wikipedia.org&uselang=ba" class=""><span>Иғәнә</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ" class=""><span>Теркәлеү</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Танылыу</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Шәхси ҡоралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Ҡатнашыусы менюһы" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ba.wikipedia.org&uselang=ba"><span>Иғәнә</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Теркәлеү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Танылыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Танылмаған мөхәррирҙәр өсөн бит <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" aria-label="Мөхәррирләү тураһында ентеклерәк"><span>Күберәк белергә</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%A8%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Был IP-адрестан яһалған төҙәтеүҙәр [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Өлөш</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%98%D2%A3%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="IP-адресығыҙ өсөн фекер алышыу бите [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eйәшерергә\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"ba\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Йөкмәткеһе</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Тарихы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тарихы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Тарихы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тарихы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Сифат_һәм_миҡдар_составы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Сифат_һәм_миҡдар_составы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Сифат һәм миҡдар составы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Сифат_һәм_миҡдар_составы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ҡушымталар_һәм_ҡатнашмаларҙың_айырмаһы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ҡушымталар_һәм_ҡатнашмаларҙың_айырмаһы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ҡушымталар һәм ҡатнашмаларҙың айырмаһы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ҡушымталар_һәм_ҡатнашмаларҙың_айырмаһы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Химик_реакциялар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Химик_реакциялар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Химик реакциялар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Химик_реакциялар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Химик_ҡушымталар_класы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Химик_ҡушымталар_класы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Химик ҡушымталар класы</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Химик_ҡушымталар_класы-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Химик ҡушымталар класы бүлеген күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Химик_ҡушымталар_класы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Органик_матдәләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Органик_матдәләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Органик матдәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Органик_матдәләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Органик_булмаған_матдәләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Органик_булмаған_матдәләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Органик булмаған матдәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Органик_булмаған_матдәләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Әҙәбиәт" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Әҙәбиәт"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Әҙәбиәт</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Әҙәбиәт-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағаҙ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағаҙ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Шулай уҡ ҡарағаҙ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағаҙ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Иҫкәрмәләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Иҫкәрмәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Химик ҡушылмалар</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Икенсе телдәге мәҡәләгә күсегеҙ. 135 телдә уҡырға була" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-135" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">135 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemiese_verbinding" title="Chemiese verbinding — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chemiese verbinding" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemische_Verbindung" title="Chemische Verbindung — швейцарский немецкий" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Chemische Verbindung" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарский немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compuesto_quimico" title="Compuesto quimico — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Compuesto quimico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="यौगिक — ангика" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="यौगिक" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A8_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="مركب كيميائي — арабский" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مركب كيميائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A8_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A" title="مركب كيماوي — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مركب كيماوي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="яҡшы мәҡәлә"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A8_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%89" title="مركب كيماوى — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مركب كيماوى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%97" title="ৰাসায়নিক যৌগ — ассамский" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰাসায়নিক যৌগ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compuestu_qu%C3%ADmicu" title="Compuestu químicu — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Compuestu químicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimy%C9%99vi_birl%C9%99%C5%9Fm%C9%99" title="Kimyəvi birləşmə — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kimyəvi birləşmə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%87" title="شیمیایی بیرلشمه — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شیمیایی بیرلشمه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kem%C4%97nis_jong%C4%97n%C4%ABs" title="Kemėnis jongėnīs — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kemėnis jongėnīs" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompwestong_kimikal" title="Kompwestong kimikal — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kompwestong kimikal" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Хімічнае злучэнне — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хімічнае злучэнне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Хімічнае злучэньне — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хімічнае злучэньне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Химично съединение — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Химично съединение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%BC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%BD%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဒြပ်ခြွဉ်း — Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဒြပ်ခြွဉ်း" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%97" title="রাসায়নিক যৌগ — бенгальский" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাসায়নিক যৌগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemijski_spoj" title="Hemijski spoj — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hemijski spoj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost_qu%C3%ADmic" title="Compost químic — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Compost químic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1-h%C4%83k-%C5%ADk" title="Huá-hăk-ŭk — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huá-hăk-ŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompuwesto" title="Kompuwesto — себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kompuwesto" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8E%D8%AA%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="ئاوێتەی کیمیایی — центральнокурдский" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاوێتەی کیمیایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="центральнокурдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemick%C3%A1_slou%C4%8Denina" title="Chemická sloučenina — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chemická sloučenina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BF%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%D3%B3" title="Химилле пĕрлешӳ — чувашский" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Химилле пĕрлешӳ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfansoddyn_cemegol" title="Cyfansoddyn cemegol — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfansoddyn cemegol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemisk_forbindelse" title="Kemisk forbindelse — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kemisk forbindelse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemische_Verbindung" title="Chemische Verbindung — немецкий" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chemische Verbindung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemiska_w%C4%9Bzba" title="Chemiska wězba — нижнелужицкий" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Chemiska wězba" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="нижнелужицкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Χημική ένωση — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χημική ένωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound — английский" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chemical compound" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemia_kombina%C4%B5o" title="Kemia kombinaĵo — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kemia kombinaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compuesto_qu%C3%ADmico" title="Compuesto químico — испанский" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Compuesto químico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keemiline_%C3%BChend" title="Keemiline ühend — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keemiline ühend" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konposatu_kimiko" title="Konposatu kimiko — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Konposatu kimiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="ترکیب شیمیایی — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترکیب شیمیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdiste" title="Yhdiste — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdiste" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liitollus" title="Liitollus — выруский" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Liitollus" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="выруский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wainimate_vakatautauvatataki" title="Wainimate vakatautauvatataki — фиджи" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Wainimate vakatautauvatataki" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="фиджи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evnasambinding" title="Evnasambinding — фарерский" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Evnasambinding" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compos%C3%A9_chimique" title="Composé chimique — французский" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Composé chimique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheemisk_ferbinjang" title="Cheemisk ferbinjang — северный фризский" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Cheemisk ferbinjang" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северный фризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comhdh%C3%BAil_cheimiceach" title="Comhdhúil cheimiceach — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Comhdhúil cheimiceach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompoz%C3%A9_chimik" title="Kompozé chimik — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kompozé chimik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-th%C3%A0thadh" title="Co-thàthadh — гэльский" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Co-thàthadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="гэльский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composto_qu%C3%ADmico" title="Composto químico — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Composto químico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-vunstoo" title="Co-vunstoo — мэнский" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Co-vunstoo" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%91%D7%AA" title="תרכובת — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תרכובת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="रासायनिक यौगिक — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रासायनिक यौगिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chemical compound" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemijski_spojevi" title="Kemijski spojevi — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kemijski spojevi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemiska_wjazba" title="Chemiska wjazba — верхнелужицкий" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Chemiska wjazba" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="верхнелужицкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konpoze" title="Konpoze — гаитянский" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Konpoze" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegy%C3%BClet" title="Vegyület — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vegyület" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Քիմիական միացություններ — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քիմիական միացություններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composito_chimic" title="Composito chimic — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Composito chimic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senyawa_kimia" title="Senyawa kimia — индонезийский" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Senyawa kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemiala_kompozuro" title="Kemiala kompozuro — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kemiala kompozuro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efnasamband" title="Efnasamband — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Efnasamband" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composto_chimico" title="Composto chimico — итальянский" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Composto chimico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="化合物 — японский" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="化合物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimikal_kompoun" title="Kimikal kompoun — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kimikal kompoun" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/xukmi_veljmina" title="xukmi veljmina — ложбан" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="xukmi veljmina" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senyawa_Kimia" title="Senyawa Kimia — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Senyawa Kimia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="რთული ნივთიერება — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რთული ნივთიერება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uddis_akruran" title="Uddis akruran — кабильский" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Uddis akruran" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kp%C9%9Bl%C9%A9kp%C9%9Bl%C9%9Bk%CA%8B%CA%8B_wonuu" title="Kpɛlɩkpɛlɛkʋʋ wonuu — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kpɛlɩkpɛlɛkʋʋ wonuu" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Химиялық қосылыстар — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Химиялық қосылыстар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4" title="ರಾಸಾಯನಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ — каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಾಸಾಯನಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%95%A9%EB%AC%BC" title="화합물 — корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화합물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8E%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8F%D8%AA" title="رساێن سمُت — кашмири" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="رساێن سمُت" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмири" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compositum_chemicum" title="Compositum chemicum — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Compositum chemicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumpost_chimigh" title="Cumpost chimigh — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cumpost chimigh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheminis_junginys" title="Cheminis junginys — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Cheminis junginys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABmiskais_savienojums" title="Ķīmiskais savienojums — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīmiskais savienojums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senyawa_kimia" title="Senyawa kimia — минангкабау" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Senyawa kimia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Хемиско соединение — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хемиско соединение" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="സംയുക്തം — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സംയുക്തം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Химийн нэгдэл — монгольский" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Химийн нэгдэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгольский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87" title="संयुगे — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="संयुगे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebatian_kimia" title="Sebatian kimia — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sebatian kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%BC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဒြပ်ပေါင်း — бирманский" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒြပ်ပေါင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheemsch_Verbinnen" title="Cheemsch Verbinnen — нижненемецкий" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Cheemsch Verbinnen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="нижненемецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="रासायनिक यौगिक — непальский" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रासायनिक यौगिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samengestelde_stof" title="Samengestelde stof — нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Samengestelde stof" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjemisk_sambinding" title="Kjemisk sambinding — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kjemisk sambinding" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjemisk_forbindelse" title="Kjemisk forbindelse — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kjemisk forbindelse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compausat_quimic" title="Compausat quimic — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Compausat quimic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompaawundii_keemikaalaa" title="Kompaawundii keemikaalaa — оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kompaawundii keemikaalaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Химион иугонд — осетинский" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Химион иугонд" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97" title="ਰਸਾਇਣਕ ਯੋਗ — панджаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਸਾਇਣਕ ਯੋਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwi%C4%85zek_chemiczny" title="Związek chemiczny — польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Związek chemiczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A8" title="کیمیائی مرکب — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیمیائی مرکب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A8" title="کیمیاوي مرکب — пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کیمیاوي مرکب" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composto_qu%C3%ADmico" title="Composto químico — португальский" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Composto químico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%27inkisqa" title="T'inkisqa — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="T'inkisqa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compus_chimic" title="Compus chimic — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Compus chimic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Химическое соединение — русский" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Химическое соединение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Хемічна злученина — русинский" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Хемічна злученина" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="русинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83" title="रासायनिक संयोगः — санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रासायनिक संयोगः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D2%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Химия холбоһуга — саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Химия холбоһуга" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%AA%D8%A8" title="ڪيميائي مرڪب — синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪيميائي مرڪب" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemijsko_jedinjenje" title="Hemijsko jedinjenje — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hemijsko jedinjenje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%9C" title="රසායනික සංයෝග — сингальский" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රසායනික සංයෝග" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chemical compound" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemick%C3%A1_zl%C3%BA%C4%8Denina" title="Chemická zlúčenina — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chemická zlúčenina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spojina" title="Spojina — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Spojina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isku_dhis" title="Isku dhis — сомали" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Isku dhis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ABrb%C3%ABrja_kimike" title="Përbërja kimike — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Përbërja kimike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Хемијско једињење — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хемијско једињење" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyawa_kimia" title="Sanyawa kimia — сунданский" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sanyawa kimia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemisk_f%C3%B6rening" title="Kemisk förening — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kemisk förening" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampaundi" title="Kampaundi — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kampaundi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வேதிச் சேர்மம் — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வேதிச் சேர்மம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B3%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="రసాయన సమ్మేళనం — телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రసాయన సమ్మేళనం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%91%D3%A3" title="Пайвастҳои кимиёӣ — таджикский" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Пайвастҳои кимиёӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A" title="สารประกอบ — тайский" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สารประกอบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompuwestong_pangkimika" title="Kompuwestong pangkimika — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kompuwestong pangkimika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile%C5%9Fik" title="Bileşik — турецкий" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bileşik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Химик кушылмалар — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Химик кушылмалар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Химиктиг каттыжыышкын — тувинский" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Химиктиг каттыжыышкын" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тувинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хімічна сполука — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хімічна сполука" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A8" title="کیمیائی مرکب — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیمیائی مرکب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyoviy_birikma" title="Kimyoviy birikma — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kimyoviy birikma" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himine_%C3%BChtnend" title="Himine ühtnend — вепсский" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Himine ühtnend" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="вепсский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%A3p_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Hợp chất — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hợp chất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumpuwesto_kimikal" title="Kumpuwesto kimikal — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kumpuwesto kimikal" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="化合物 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="化合物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="כעמישע פארבינדונג — идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כעמישע פארבינדונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80d%C3%A0p%E1%BB%8D%CC%80_k%E1%BA%B9%CC%81m%C3%ADk%C3%A0" title="Àdàpọ̀ kẹ́míkà — йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àdàpọ̀ kẹ́míkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="化合物 — китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="化合物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="化合物 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="化合物" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2a-ha%CC%8Dp-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="化合物 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="化合物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umxube" title="Umxube — зулу" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umxube" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11173#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башҡа телдәргә һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтеү" class="wbc-editpage">Һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтергә</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Исем арауыҡтары"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ҡоралдар</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ғәмәлдәр </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80"><span>Уҡыу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit" title="Был битте үҙгәртеү [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit" title="Биттең сығанаҡ кодын үҙгәртеү [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодты үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=history"><span>Тарих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дөйөм </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Был биткә һылтанған барлыҡ биттәрҙең исемлеге [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Был биткә һылтанмалар</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%B3%D3%99%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%AF%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" rel="nofollow" title="Был бит һылтанған биттәрҙәге һуңғы үҙгәртеүҙәр [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Бәйле үҙгәртеүҙәр</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Барлыҡ махсус биттәр исемлеге [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Махсус биттәр</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&oldid=1180719" title="Биттең был өлгөһөнә даими һылтанма"><span>Даими һылтанма</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=info" title="Был бит тураһында ентекләберәк"><span>Бит мәғлүмәттәре</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&id=1180719&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Был биттән нисек өҙөмтә яһау тураһында мәғлүмәт"><span>Биттән өҙөмтә яһарға</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fba.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA_%25D2%25A1%25D1%2583%25D1%2588%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580"><span>Ҡыҫҡа URL алыу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fba.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA_%25D2%25A1%25D1%2583%25D1%2588%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580"><span>QR код алыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Баҫтырыу/сығарыу </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:Collection&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80"><span>Китап төҙөү</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF форматында йөкләү</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&printable=yes" title="Биттең ҡағыҙға баҫтырыу өсөн өлгөһө [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Баҫтырыу өлгөһө</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Башҡа проекттарҙа </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chemical_compounds" hreflang="en"><span>Викимилек</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11173" title="Мәғлүмәт һаҡлағысына бәйле элементҡа һылтанма [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викимәғлүмәт элементы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ҡоралдар"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедия — ирекле энциклопедия мәғлүмәте</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ba" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:1qo1_stereo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/1qo1_stereo.png/220px-1qo1_stereo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/1qo1_stereo.png/330px-1qo1_stereo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/1qo1_stereo.png/440px-1qo1_stereo.png 2x" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption>Химик ҡушылмаларҙың стереорәсеме<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Methanol-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Methanol-3D-balls.png/220px-Methanol-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Methanol-3D-balls.png/330px-Methanol-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Methanol-3D-balls.png/440px-Methanol-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="731" /></a><figcaption>Метанол молекулаһы структураһы </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Sodium-carbonate-xtal-3D-SF-C.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sodium-carbonate-xtal-3D-SF-C.png/220px-Sodium-carbonate-xtal-3D-SF-C.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sodium-carbonate-xtal-3D-SF-C.png/330px-Sodium-carbonate-xtal-3D-SF-C.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sodium-carbonate-xtal-3D-SF-C.png/440px-Sodium-carbonate-xtal-3D-SF-C.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="771" /></a><figcaption>Ҡаты хәлдәге натрий карбонаты структураһы</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Химик ҡушымталар</b> — химик яҡтан бәйләнгән ике йәки унан да күберәк элемент (гетеронуклер молекулалары) атомдарынан торған ҡатмарлы матдә. Ҡайһы бер ябай матдәләрҙе, әгәр уларҙың молекулалары ковалент бәйләнеше менән бәйләнгән атомдарҙан (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот">азот</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород">кислород</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром">бром</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор">хлор</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Фтор">фтор</a>) тәшкил итһә, химик ҡушылмалар тип ҡарарға мөмкин.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Инерт (затлы) газдар һәм атом водороды химик берләшмәләр тип иҫәпләнмәй. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тарихы"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85.D1.8B"></span>Тарихы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Тарихы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=1" title="Тарихы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Химик ҡушымта төшөнсәһен формалаштырыу өсөн 1799 йылда Иосиф Пруст асҡан <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1128724">.mw-parser-output .ts-comment-commentedText{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}@media(hover:none){.mw-parser-output .ts-comment-commentedText:not(.rt-commentedText){border-bottom:0;cursor:auto}}</style><span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="закон постоянства состава"><i>составтың үҙгәрмәүсәнлек законы</i></span> мөһим булған.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Был законда әйтелгәнсә, билдәле бер ҡушылма нисек кенә алынмаһын, ул һәр ваҡыт бер үк химик элементтарҙан тора, һәм был элементтарҙың масса нисбәте ваҡ һандарҙа сағыла. Бер нисә йылдан һуң, 1803 йылда, Джон Дальтон бер нисә мөнәсәбәттәр законын төҙөй. Билдәле бер элементтарҙан ике ҡушылма барлыҡҡа килһә, икенсеһенең бындай массалары беренсеһенең билдәле бер массаһы менән сағыштырыла, уларҙың сағыштырмаһы тулы һан бирә. .<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Был закон матдәнең атом төҙөлөшөн аңларға юл аса. </p><p>Структур формулаларҙы 1850-се йылдарҙа немец химигы Фридрих Август Кекуле фон Страдониц индерелә.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Сифат_һәм_миҡдар_составы"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.B0.D1.82_.D2.BB.D3.99.D0.BC_.D0.BC.D0.B8.D2.A1.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80_.D1.81.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.8B"></span>Сифат һәм миҡдар составы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Сифат һәм миҡдар составы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=2" title="Сифат һәм миҡдар составы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Химик ҡушылма составы химик формула рәүешендә яҙыла, шулай уҡ йыш ҡына структур формулалар менән һүрәтләнә. Ҡушылманың составын системалы атамаһы ла күрһәтә. </p><p>Күпселек осраҡта химик ҡушылмалар составтың үҙгәрмәүсәнлек законына буйһона. Әммә үҙгәреүсән составлы (бертолидтарҙың) байтаҡ ҡушылмалар булыуы билдәле, мәҫәлән: </p> <dl><dd>Pa<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород">O</a><sub>2,18</sub>—PaO<sub>2,21</sub>.</dd></dl> <p>Химик ҡушымта сифат-миҡдар составын билдәләү өсөн химик анализдың төрлө ысулдары ҡулланыла (мәҫәлән, колориметрия, хроматография). Был ысулдарҙы <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аналитик химия">аналитик химия</a> фәне өйрәнә. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ҡушымталар_һәм_ҡатнашмаларҙың_айырмаһы"><span id=".D2.A0.D1.83.D1.88.D1.8B.D0.BC.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80_.D2.BB.D3.99.D0.BC_.D2.A1.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.88.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80.D2.99.D1.8B.D2.A3_.D0.B0.D0.B9.D1.8B.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B0.D2.BB.D1.8B"></span>Ҡушымталар һәм ҡатнашмаларҙың айырмаһы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Ҡушымталар һәм ҡатнашмаларҙың айырмаһы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=3" title="Ҡушымталар һәм ҡатнашмаларҙың айырмаһы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ҡушылмаларҙың физик һәм химик үҙенсәлектәре <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1128724"><span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="простые вещества">ябай матдәләр</span> ҡатнашмаһынан айырыла — был ҡушылманы ябай йәки ҡатмарлы матдәләр ҡатнашмаларынан айырыуҙың төп критерийҙарының береһе булып тора, сөнки ҡатнашманың үҙенсәлектәре, ҡағиҙә булараҡ, компоненттарҙың үҙенсәлектәре менән тығыҙ бәйле. </p><p>Айырманың тағы бер критерийы — <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1128724"><span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="смеси"><b>ҡатнашмаләр</b></span>, ҡағиҙә булараҡ, химик булмаған процестар, мәҫәлән, иләү, фильтрлау, парға әйләнеү, магниттар ҡулланыу, ә <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1128724"><span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="химическое соединение"><b>химик ҡушылманың</b></span> компоненттарын химик реакция ярҙамында ғына айырып була. Киреһенсә, ҡатнашмалар химик реакция ҡулланмайынса барлыҡҡа килә ала, әммә <b>ҡушылмалар</b> химик реакция ярҙамында барлыҡҡа килә. </p><p>Ҡайһы бер ҡатнашмалар шул тиклем тығыҙ бәйләнгән, уларҙың ҡайһы бер үҙенсәлектәре химик ҡушылмаларға оҡшаш, һәм уларҙы бутарға мөмкин. Бындай ҡатнашмаларҙың иң таралған миҫалы иретмәләр. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1128724"><span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="сплавы"><b>Иретмәләр</b></span> физик процестар ярҙамында, ғәҙәттә, иреү һәм компоненттарҙы ҡушыу һәм артабан һыуытыу юлы менән алына. </p><p><i>Интерметаллик</i> үҙенсәлеге буйынса оҡшаш, әммә иретмә лә, ҡатнашма ла булмаған химик берләшмәләр миҫалы булып тора. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Химик_реакциялар"><span id=".D0.A5.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Химик реакциялар</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Химик реакциялар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=4" title="Химик реакциялар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Химик ҡушымталар химик реакция һөҙөмтәһендә алына. Ҡатмарлы матдәләр тарҡалып, башҡа бер нисә матдә барлыҡҡа килтерә ала. Химик ҡушылмалаҙың барлыҡҡа килеүе энергияның бүленеүе (<i>экзотермик реакция</i>) йәки йотоу (<i>эндотермик реакция</i>) менән оҙатыла.Химик ҡатнашмаларҙың физик һәм химик үҙенсәлектәре алынған матдәләр үҙенсәлектәренән айырыла. Химик ҡушылмалар органик һәм органик булмаған ҡушылмаларға бүленә. 100 меңдән ашыу органик һәм 3 миллиондан ашыу органик булмаған ҡушылма булыуы билдәле. Әҙәбиәттә тасуирланған һәр химик ҡушылманың уникаль идентификаторы — CAS номеры бар. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Химик_ҡушымталар_класы"><span id=".D0.A5.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D2.A1.D1.83.D1.88.D1.8B.D0.BC.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80_.D0.BA.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B"></span>Химик ҡушымталар класы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Химик ҡушымталар класы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=5" title="Химик ҡушымталар класы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Химик ҡушылмалар органик һәм органик булмаған кластарға бүленә. Һуңғыһы элементоорганик ҡушылмалар киңерәк мәғәнәне үҙ эсенә ала: борорганик ҡушылмалар, кремнийорганик ҡушылмалар, фосфорорганик ҡушылмалар һәм башҡалар. </p><p>Ҡатмарлы органик берләшмәләрҙең ҡайһы бер төрҙәре: </p> <ul><li>оксидтар (<a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Һыу">H2O</a>, CaO, CO<sub id="mwdQ">Ике</sub>, P<sub id="mwdw">Ике</sub>O<sub id="mweA">Биш</sub> (P<sub>Дүрт</sub>O<sub>Ун</sub>) һ. б.)</li> <li>гидроксидтар: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Нигеҙ (химия)">нигеҙҙәр</a> (Na(OH), Ca(OH)<sub id="mwgg">Ике</sub> һ. б.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кислоталар">кислородлы кислоталар</a> (HNO<sub id="mwhg">Өс</sub>, H<sub id="mwiA">Ике</sub>SO<sub id="mwiQ">Дүрт</sub>, H<sub id="mwiw">Өс</sub>PO<sub id="mwjA">Дүрт</sub> һ. б.)</li> <li>амфотер гидроксид (Al(OH)<sub id="mwkA">Өс</sub>, Fe(OH)<sub id="mwkg">Өс</sub> һ. б.)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кислоталар">кислородһыҙ кислотаалар</a> (HCl, HCN һ. б.)</li> <li>нитридтар (NH-ТӨРКӨМДӘРЕ<sub id="mwmg">Өс</sub>, Si<sub id="mwnA">Өс</sub>N<sub id="mwnQ">Дүрт</sub> һ. б.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D2%99%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Тоҙҙар">тоҙҙар</a> (NaCl, KNO<sub id="mwog">Өс</sub>, Fe<sub id="mwpA">Ике</sub>(SO4)<sub id="mwpg">Өс</sub>, LiBr һ. б.)</li> <li>кристаллогидраттар: (CuSO<sub id="mwqw">Дүрт</sub>·5H<sub id="mwrA">Ике</sub>O һ. б.)</li> <li>комплекслы ҡушылмалар: (K3[Fe(cn)<sub id="mwsQ">А.</sub>] һ. б.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Органик_матдәләр"><span id=".D0.9E.D1.80.D0.B3.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B4.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Органик матдәләр</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Органик матдәләр бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=6" title="Органик матдәләр бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Methane-2D-stereo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Methane-2D-stereo.svg/220px-Methane-2D-stereo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Methane-2D-stereo.svg/330px-Methane-2D-stereo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Methane-2D-stereo.svg/440px-Methane-2D-stereo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>Органик ҡушылма метан</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Sulfuric_acid_lewis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sulfuric_acid_lewis.png/220px-Sulfuric_acid_lewis.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Sulfuric_acid_lewis.png 1.5x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="173" /></a><figcaption>Көкөрт кислотаһанаң структур формулаһы</figcaption></figure> <p>Органик ҡушылмалар, органик матдәләр — углеродты үҙ эсенә алған химик ҡушылмалар класы (карбид, карбон кислотаһы, карбонат, углерод оксидтары һәм цианидтарҙан тыш).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Органик_булмаған_матдәләр"><span id=".D0.9E.D1.80.D0.B3.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D0.B1.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.BC.D0.B0.D2.93.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B4.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Органик булмаған матдәләр</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Органик булмаған матдәләр бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=7" title="Органик булмаған матдәләр бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Органик булмаған матдә йәки органик булмаған ҡушылмалар — органик булмаған химик ҡушылмалар, йәғни унда углерод юҡ (карбидес, цианид, карбонат, углерод оксидтары һәм башҡа ҡайһы бер берләшмәләрҙән башҡа, ғәҙәттә органик булмаған матдәлә тип йөрөтөлә). Органик булмаған ҡушылмаларҙың үҙенә генә хас органик углерод һөлдәһе юҡ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Әҙәбиәт"><span id=".D3.98.D2.99.D3.99.D0.B1.D0.B8.D3.99.D1.82"></span>Әҙәбиәт</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=8" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Robert Siegfried.</i> From elements to atoms: a history of chemical composition. — American Philosophical Society, 2002. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9780871699244" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-87169-924-4</a>.</span></li> <li>Silberberg, Martin. Chemistry: and The Nature Of Change Molecular Matter. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2004. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/0073101699" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-07-310169-9</a></li></ul> <ol><li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:s:ЭСБЕ/Спирты">Спирты</a></span> // <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%BB%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Брокгауз һәм Ефрондың энциклопедик һүҙлеге">Брокгауз һәм Ефрондың энциклопедик һүҙлеге</a>: 86 томда (82 т. һәм 4 өҫтәмә том). — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</span>, 1890—1907.</span> <span class="ref-info" title="Рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(рус.)</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343">Высшие жирные спирты (области применения, методы производства, физико-химические свойства) / Под редакцией С. М. Локтева. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: «Химия», 1970. — 329 с.</span></li> <li>Курц А. Л., Брусова Г. П., Демьянович В. М. Одно- и двухатомные спирты, простые эфиры и их сернистые аналоги (неопр.). Учебные материалы. Органическая химия. ChemNet. Химический факультет МГУ (1999). Дата обращения: 10 июля 2010.</li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Маркизова Н. Ф., Гребенюк А. Н., Башарин В. А., Бонитенко Е. Ю.</i> Спирты. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</span>: «Фолиант», 2004. — 112 с. — (Токсикология для врачей). — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5939290892" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-93929-089-2</a>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343" id="CITEREFРеутов_и_др.2010"><i>Реутов О. А., Курц А. Л., Бутин К. П.</i> Органическая химия. — 3-е изд.. — М: Бином. Лаборатория знаний, 2010. — Т. 2. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9785947746149" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-5-94774-614-9</a>.</span></li> <li>Спирты (неопр.). Энциклопедия по охране и безопасности труда. Том IV. Раздел XVIII. Справочники. Обзор химических соединений. Институт промышленной безопасности, охраны труда и социального партнерства. Дата обращения: 27 декабря 2010.</li></ol> <ul><li>Химия. Белешмә етәкселеге. Пер. уның менән. Л., 1975 Химия, сс. 240-242.</li> <li>5 томлыҡ энциклопедияһы химик. Кнунянц ре л. и. 5 томда.</li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4" class="extiw" title="ru:s:ЭСБЕ/Альдегид">Альдегид</a></span> // <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%BB%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Брокгауз һәм Ефрондың энциклопедик һүҙлеге">Брокгауз һәм Ефрондың энциклопедик һүҙлеге</a>: 86 томда (82 т. һәм 4 өҫтәмә том). — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</span>, 1890—1907.</span> <span class="ref-info" title="Рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(рус.)</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Кнунянц И. Л. и др.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">т.1 А-Дарзана</span> // Химическая энциклопедия. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Советская энциклопедия, 1988. — 623 с. — <span style="white-space: nowrap;">100 000 экз.</span></span></li> <li>Органик реакциялар механизмын химия П. Сайкс. М.: Химия. Бер мең туғыҙ йөҙ туҡһан</li> <li>М. Карбоновый Адамс органик кислоталар. М.: Химия. Бер мең туғыҙ йөҙ туҡһан</li> <li>Дж. Роберт, М. Касерио "Нигеҙендә органик химия" 2-се баҫма. т. 1-е, тулыландырыу. Бер мең туғыҙ йөҙ етмеш һигеҙ</li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:s:ЭСБЕ/Амиды">Амиды</a></span> // <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%BB%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Брокгауз һәм Ефрондың энциклопедик һүҙлеге">Брокгауз һәм Ефрондың энциклопедик һүҙлеге</a>: 86 томда (82 т. һәм 4 өҫтәмә том). — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</span>, 1890—1907.</span> <span class="ref-info" title="Рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(рус.)</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Кнунянц И. Л. и др.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">т.1 А-Дарзана</span> // Химическая энциклопедия. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Советская энциклопедия, 1988. — 623 с. — <span style="white-space: nowrap;">100 000 экз.</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағаҙ"><span id=".D0.A8.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.B9_.D1.83.D2.A1_.D2.A1.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D2.93.D0.B0.D2.99"></span>Шулай уҡ ҡарағаҙ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Шулай уҡ ҡарағаҙ бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=9" title="Шулай уҡ ҡарағаҙ бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ябай матдәләр</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иҫкәрмәләр"><span id=".D0.98.D2.AB.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.80.D0.BC.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Иҫкәрмәләр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=10" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">см. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Стереоизображение (был бит юҡ)">Метод параллельного взгляда</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>[ Соединение химическое]</i> — Ҙур совет энциклопедияһында мәҡәлә</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Proust, J.-L. (1799). Researches on copper, <i>Ann. chim.</i>, <b>32</b>:26-54. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/proust.html">Excerpt</a>, in Henry M. Leicester and Herbert S. Klickstein, <i>A Source Book in Chemistry, 1400—1900</i>, Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 1952. Accessed 2008-05-08.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Helmenstine, Anne</i> <span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/law-of-multiple-proportions-problem.htm">Law of Multiple Proportions Problem</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. <i>1</i>. <small>Дата обращения: 31 ғинуар 2012.</small> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6Ck689FwR?url=http://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/law-of-multiple-proportions-problem.htm">Архивировано</a> 7 декабрь 2012 года.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://groups.molbiosci.northwestern.edu/holmgren/Glossary/Definitions/Def-L/law_multiple_proportions.html">law of multiple proportions definition</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/397165">law of multiple proportions (chemistry)</a></span> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке инглиз теле">(ингл.)</span>. — статья из <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Энциклопедия Британника">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> Online</i><small>.</small></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Aug. Kekulé</i> Über die s. g. gepaarten Verbindungen und die Theorie der mehratomigen Radicale <span class="ref-info" title="Немец телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(нем.)</span> // <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annalen_der_Chemie_und_Pharmacie" class="extiw" title="en:Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie">Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie</a><span style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em"> <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span></span><span class="link-ru" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annalen_der_Chemie_und_Pharmacie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie (был бит юҡ)">баш.</a></span></i> : magazin. — 1857. — Т. 104. — № 2. — С. 129—150. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Идентификатор цифрового объекта (был бит юҡ)">DOI</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18571040202" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1002/jlac.18571040202">10.1002/jlac.18571040202</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Aug. Kekulé</i> Ueber die Constitution und die Metamorphosen der chemischen Verbindungen und über die chemische Natur des Kohlenstoffs <span class="ref-info" title="Немец телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(нем.)</span> // <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annalen_der_Chemie_und_Pharmacie" class="extiw" title="en:Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie">Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie</a><span style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em"> <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span></span><span class="link-ru" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annalen_der_Chemie_und_Pharmacie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie (был бит юҡ)">баш.</a></span></i> : magazin. — 1858. — Т. 106. — № 2. — С. 129—159. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Идентификатор цифрового объекта (был бит юҡ)">DOI</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18581060202" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1002/jlac.18581060202">10.1002/jlac.18581060202</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Хомченко Г. П. Пособие по химии для поступающих в вузы. — 3-е изд. испр. и доп. — М.: ООО «Издательство Новая Волна», ЗАО «Издательский Дом ОНИКС», 2000. с. 334. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5786401030" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-7864-0103-0</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5249002641" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-249-00264-1</a></span> </li> </ol> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">«<a dir="ltr" href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Химик_ҡушылмалар&oldid=1180719">https://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Химик_ҡушылмалар&oldid=1180719</a>» битенән алынған</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Махсус:Категориялар">Категориялар</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Cite_web_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_webcitation-%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2:_deadlink_no)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Категория:Википедия:Cite web (заменить webcitation-архив: deadlink no) (был бит юҡ)">Википедия:Cite web (заменить webcitation-архив: deadlink no)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Категория:Химик ҡушылмалар">Химик ҡушылмалар</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%BF_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Категория:Химияның төп положениелары һәм билдәләмәләре">Химияның төп положениелары һәм билдәләмәләре</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Йәшерелгән категориялар: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Cite_web_(%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Категория:Википедия:Cite web (не указан язык)">Википедия:Cite web (не указан язык)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:ISBN_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D2%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Категория:ISBN серле һылтанмаһын ҡулланған биттәр">ISBN серле һылтанмаһын ҡулланған биттәр</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Был бит һуңғы тапҡыр 15:31 6 октябрь 2022 үҙгәртелгән.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текст <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> буйынса рөхсәт ителгән; өҫтәмә шарттар ҡулланылыуы мөмкин. 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