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id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skryť</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Začiatok</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Poloha_a_geografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poloha_a_geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Poloha a geografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poloha_a_geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dejiny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dejiny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dejiny</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dejiny-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Dejiny</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dejiny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stredovek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stredovek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Stredovek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stredovek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19._storočie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19._storočie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>19. storočie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19._storočie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20._storočie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20._storočie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>20. storočie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20._storočie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pamätihodnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pamätihodnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pamätihodnosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pamätihodnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomický_význam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomický_význam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ekonomický význam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomický_význam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osobnosti_mesta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osobnosti_mesta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Osobnosti mesta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osobnosti_mesta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partnerské_mestá" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnerské_mestá"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Partnerské mestá</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnerské_mestá-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referencie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pozri_aj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pozri_aj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Pozri aj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pozri_aj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iné_projekty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iné_projekty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Iné projekty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iné_projekty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zdroj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zdroj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Zdroj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zdroj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prepnúť obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prepnúť obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aachen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prejsť na článok v inom jazyku. Je dostupný v 118 jazykoch" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-118" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">118 jazykov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aken" title="Aken – afrikánčina" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aken" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – nemčina (švajčiarska)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemčina (švajčiarska)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8A%BD%E1%8A%95" title="አኽን – amharčina" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አኽን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgr%C3%A1n" title="Aquisgrán – aragónčina" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Aquisgrán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D9%86" title="آخن – arabčina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آخن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%86" title="اخين – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اخين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgr%C3%A1n" title="Aquisgrán – astúrčina" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aquisgrán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúrčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaxen" title="Aaxen – azerbajdžančina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aaxen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D9%86" title="آخن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آخن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – balijčina" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – bavorština" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavorština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ахен – bieloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ахен" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Аахэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аахэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аахен – bulharčina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аахен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="আখেন – bengálčina" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আখেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – bretónčina" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – bosniačtina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgr%C3%A0" title="Aquisgrà – katalánčina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aquisgrà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ахен – čečenčina" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ахен" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen_(munisipyo)" title="Aachen (munisipyo) – cebuánčina" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Aachen (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%86" title="ئاخن – kurdčina (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاخن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdčina (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgrana" title="Aquisgrana – korzičtina" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Aquisgrana" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korzičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1chy" title="Cáchy – čeština" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cáchy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čeština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achen" title="Achen – kašubčina" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Achen" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kašubčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – waleština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="waleština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – dánčina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobrý článok"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – nemčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Άαχεν – gréčtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άαχεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gréčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akeno" title="Akeno – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Akeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgr%C3%A1n" title="Aquisgrán – španielčina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aquisgrán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – estónčina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akisgran" title="Akisgran – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Akisgran" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D9%86" title="آخن – perzština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آخن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – fínčina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aix-la-Chapelle" title="Aix-la-Chapelle – francúzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aix-la-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francúzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – severná frízština" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="severná frízština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aken" title="Aken – západná frízština" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Aken" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="západná frízština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – írčina" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="írčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – škótska gaelčina" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="škótska gaelčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgr%C3%A1n" title="Aquisgrán – galícijčina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aquisgrán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galícijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%9F" title="אאכן – hebrejčina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אאכן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8" title="आखन – hindčina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आखन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – chorvátčina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – hornolužická srbčina" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="hornolužická srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – maďarčina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Աախեն – arménčina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աախեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgrano" title="Aquisgrano – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Aquisgrano" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – indonézština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – islandčina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgrana" title="Aquisgrana – taliančina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aquisgrana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="taliančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%98%E3%83%B3" title="アーヘン – japončina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アーヘン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="აახენი – gruzínčina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აახენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ахен – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ахен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%97%A8" title="아헨 – kórejčina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아헨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kórejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oche" title="Oche – kolínčina" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Oche" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kolínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – kurdčina" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ахен – kirgizština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ахен" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgranum" title="Aquisgranum – latinčina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aquisgranum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oochen" title="Oochen – luxemburčina" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Oochen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aoke" title="Aoke – limburčina" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aoke" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgrana" title="Aquisgrana – lombardština" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Aquisgrana" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achenas" title="Achenas – litovčina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Achenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80hene" title="Āhene – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Āhene" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – malgaština" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ахен – macedónčina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ахен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%BB" title="ആഹ്ഹൻ – malajálamčina" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആഹ്ഹൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аахен – mongolčina" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Аахен" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8" title="आखन – maráthčina" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आखन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – malajčina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aken" title="Aken – dolná nemčina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Aken" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolná nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aken_(stad)" title="Aken (stad) – holandčina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aken (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – nórčina (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nórčina (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – nórčina (bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="nórčina (bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgran" title="Aquisgran – okcitánčina" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aquisgran" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ахен – osetčina" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ахен" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akwizgran" title="Akwizgran – poľština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Akwizgran" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poľština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D9%86" title="آخن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آخن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D9%86" title="آخن – paštčina" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آخن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – portugalčina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – kečuánčina" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – rumunčina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ахен – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ахен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgrana" title="Aquisgrana – sicílčina" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Aquisgrana" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicílčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – škótčina" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škótčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – srbochorvátčina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – slovinčina" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ахен – srbčina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ахен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – fríština (saterlandská)" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="fríština (saterlandská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – švédčina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – swahilčina" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – slezština" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="slezština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆஃகன் – tamilčina" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆஃகன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аахен – tadžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аахен" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="อาเคิน – thajčina" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาเคิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – tagalčina" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaxen" title="Aaxen – talyština" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Aaxen" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ахен – tatárčina" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ахен" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatárčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аахен – ukrajinčina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аахен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D9%86" title="آخن – urdčina" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آخن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – vietnamčina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85xhe" title="Åxhe – valónčina" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Åxhe" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%90%9B" title="亚琛 – čínština (wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亚琛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aken" title="Aken – zélandština" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Aken" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zélandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%90%9B" title="亚琛 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亚琛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%87%A3" title="阿臣 – kantončina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿臣" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1017#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Upraviť medzijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upraviť odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Menné priestory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Zobraziť obsah stránky [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stránka</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusia:Aachen&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusia o obsahu stránky (stránka neexistuje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">slovenčina</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazenia"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aachen"><span>Čítať</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit" title="Upraviť túto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Upraviť</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit" title="Upraviť zdrojový kód tejto stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Upraviť zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=history" title="Minulé revízie tejto stránky. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zobraziť históriu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje stránky"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nástroje" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skryť</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akcie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aachen"><span>Čítať</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit" title="Upraviť túto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Upraviť</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit" title="Upraviť zdrojový kód tejto stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Upraviť zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=history"><span>Zobraziť históriu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Všeobecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:%C4%8CoOdkazujeSem/Aachen" title="Zoznam všetkých wiki stránok, ktoré sem odkazujú [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazy na túto stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:S%C3%BAvisiacePosledn%C3%A9%C3%9Apravy/Aachen" rel="nofollow" title="Posledné úpravy na stránkach, na ktoré odkazuje táto stránka [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Súvisiace úpravy</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sk" title="Nahranie súborov [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Nahrať súbor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lneStr%C3%A1nky" title="Zoznam všetkých špeciálnych stránok [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Špeciálne stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&oldid=7782102" title="Trvalý odkaz na túto verziu stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=info" title="Viac informácií o tejto stránke"><span>Informácie o stránke</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Citova%C5%A5&page=Aachen&id=7782102&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informácie ako citovať túto stránku"><span>Citovať túto stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAachen"><span>Získať skrátené URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAachen"><span>Stiahnuť QR kód</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tlačiť/exportovať </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Knihy&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Aachen"><span>Vytvoriť knihu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:DownloadAsPdf&page=Aachen&action=show-download-screen"><span>Stiahnuť ako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&printable=yes" title="Verzia tejto stránky pre tlač [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Verzia pre tlač</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> V iných projektoch </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aachen" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1017" title="Odkaz na prepojenú položku dátového úložiska [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje stránky"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhľad"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhľad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skryť</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">z Wikipédie, slobodnej encyklopédie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sk" dir="ltr"><div style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0.3em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Disambig.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/17px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/26px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/34px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span> Toto je článok o nemeckom meste. O nemeckom maliarovi pozri <i><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Aachen" title="Hans von Aachen">Hans von Aachen</a>.</i></div> <div><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Zemepisn%C3%A9_s%C3%BAradnice" title="Zemepisné súradnice">Súradnice</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Aachen&language=sk&params=50_47_N_6_5_E_region:DE_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapy, letecké fotografie a iné dáta pre 50°47′S 6°5′V"><span class="latitude">50°47′S</span> <span class="longitude">6°5′V</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mapy, letecké fotografie a iné dáta pre 50,783 6,083">50,783°S 6,083°V</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.783; 6.083</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></div> <table class="infobox geography" style="width: 256px; padding: 0; font-size: 89%;"> <tbody><tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Názov (miestny názov)"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; background-color: #dfdfdf;">Aachen </td></tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow" title="Kategória"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #dfdfdf;">mesto </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 0.5em;"><div><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Ac_lousberg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ac_lousberg.JPG/270px-Ac_lousberg.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ac_lousberg.JPG/405px-Ac_lousberg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ac_lousberg.JPG/540px-Ac_lousberg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3762" data-file-height="2508" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div style="padding-top:0.4em"> Pohľad na Aachen s dómom </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table style="width: 100%; background: none; align=center; border: none; padding: 0; margin: 0"> <tbody><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:50%; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom;"><div style="margin-top: 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Flagge_Aachen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flagge_Aachen.svg/120px-Flagge_Aachen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flagge_Aachen.svg/180px-Flagge_Aachen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flagge_Aachen.svg/240px-Flagge_Aachen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div><div style="padding-top: 0.4em"><span title=""> Vlajka </span></div></td> <td style="width:50%; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom;"><div style="padding-top: 0.4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:DEU_Aachen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/DEU_Aachen_COA.svg/90px-DEU_Aachen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/DEU_Aachen_COA.svg/135px-DEU_Aachen_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/DEU_Aachen_COA.svg/180px-DEU_Aachen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="482" /></a></span></div><div style="padding-top: 0.4em"><span title=""> Erb </span></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Štát, v ktorých objekt leží"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Štát </th> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nemecko"><img alt="Nemecko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nemecko" title="Nemecko">Nemecko</a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Fed. štát v ktorých objekt leží"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Spolková krajina </th> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Severn%C3%A9_Por%C3%BDnie-Vestf%C3%A1lsko" title="Severné Porýnie-Vestfálsko">Severné Porýnie-Vestfálsko</a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Región v ktorých objekt leží"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Vládny obvod </th> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kol%C3%ADn_nad_R%C3%BDnom_(vl%C3%A1dny_obvod)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolín nad Rýnom (vládny obvod) (stránka neexistuje)">Kolín nad Rýnom</a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Okres, v ktorých objekt leží"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Mestský región </th> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen_(mestsk%C3%BD_regi%C3%B3n)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aachen (mestský región) (stránka neexistuje)">Aachen</a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Obec, v ktorej objekt leží"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mesto_bez_okresu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesto bez okresu">Mesto bez okresu</a> </th> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aachen</a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" style="height: 0.2em;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Cesta, ktorá vedie cez Settlement"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Diaľnica </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Dia%C4%BEnica_A4_(Nemecko)" title="Diaľnica A4 (Nemecko)">A 4</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Rieky, ktoré cez oblasť pretekajú"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Rieky </th> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">Wurm</span>, <span style="white-space: nowrap">Rur</span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" style="height: 0.2em;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Nadmorská výška"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Nadmorská výška </th> <td>173 <a href="/wiki/Metrov_nad_morom" title="Metrov nad morom">m n. m.</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Geografické súradnice"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Súradnice </th> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Aachen&language=sk&params=50_47_N_6_5_E_region:DE_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapy, letecké fotografie a iné dáta pre 50°47′S 6°5′V"><span class="latitude">50°47′S</span> <span class="longitude">6°5′V</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mapy, letecké fotografie a iné dáta pre 50,783 6,083">50,783°S 6,083°V</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.783; 6.083</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Názov najvyššieho bodu"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Najvyšší bod </th> <td> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Nadmorská výška najvyššieho bodu"> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"> - výška </td> <td>410 <a href="/wiki/Metrov_nad_morom" title="Metrov nad morom">m n. m.</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Názov najnižšieho bodu"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Najnižší bod </th> <td> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="nadmorská výška najnižšieho bodu"> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"> - výška </td> <td>125 <a href="/wiki/Metrov_nad_morom" title="Metrov nad morom">m n. m.</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" style="height: 0.2em;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="rozloha"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Rozloha </th> <td>160,83 <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tvorcov%C3%BD_kilometer" title="Štvorcový kilometer">km²</a> (16 083 <a href="/wiki/Hekt%C3%A1r" title="Hektár">ha</a>) </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" style="height: 0.2em;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Počet obyvateľov"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Obyvateľstvo </th> <td>258 664 <small>(<i>31.12.2010</i>)</small> <i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Hustota obyvateľov"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Hustota </th> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap">1 608,31 obyv./<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tvorcov%C3%BD_kilometer" title="Štvorcový kilometer">km²</a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" style="height: 0.2em;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Dátum vzniku"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Prvá pís. zmienka </th> <td><a href="/wiki/765" title="765">765</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Primátor mesta"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Primátor </th> <td>Marcel Philipp (<i><a href="/wiki/CDU" class="mw-redirect" title="CDU">CDU</a></i>) </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" style="height: 0.2em;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Základné časové pásmo"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Časové pásmo </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Stredoeur%C3%B3psky_%C4%8Das" title="Stredoeurópsky čas">SEČ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Koordinovan%C3%BD_svetov%C3%BD_%C4%8Das" title="Koordinovaný svetový čas">UTC</a>+1) </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Letný čas"> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"> - letný čas </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stredoeur%C3%B3psky_letn%C3%BD_%C4%8Das" title="Stredoeurópsky letný čas">SELČ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Koordinovan%C3%BD_svetov%C3%BD_%C4%8Das" title="Koordinovaný svetový čas">UTC</a>+2) </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="PSČ"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">PSČ </th> <td>52062 – 52080 </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Telefónna predvoľba"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Tel. predvoľba </th> <td><small>+49</small>(0)241 / (0)2403 / (0)2405 / (0)2407 / (0)2408 </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Iný kód"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Kód </th> <td>05 3 34 002 </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Iný kód 1"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Nemeck%C3%A9_eviden%C4%8Dn%C3%A9_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo_vozidla" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemecké evidenčné číslo vozidla">EČV</a> </th> <td>AC </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" style="height: 0.2em;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="{<br/> je zapísané do zoznamu lokalít Svetového dedičstva UNESCO"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #dfdfdf; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 6px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Svetov%C3%A9_dedi%C4%8Dstvo_UNESCO" title="Svetové dedičstvo UNESCO">Lokalita svetového dedičstva UNESCO</a></b> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Názov ako je uvedený v zozname Svetového dedičstva UNSECO"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Názov </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Aachensk%C3%BD_d%C3%B3m" title="Aachenský dóm">Aachenský dóm</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Rok zápisu (číslo zasadnutia)"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Svetov%C3%A9_dedi%C4%8Dstvo_UNESCO#Zasadnutie_výboru_Svetového_dedičstva" title="Svetové dedičstvo UNESCO">Rok zápisu</a><br /><span style="font-weight: normal">(č. zasadnutia)</span> </th> <td>1978 (#2) </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Číslo, pod akým je lokalita zaregistrovaná"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Číslo </th> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/3">3</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Región ako je klasifikovaný UNESCOm"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Región </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lokality_Svetov%C3%A9ho_dedi%C4%8Dstva_v_Eur%C3%B3pe_a_Severnej_Amerike" title="Lokality Svetového dedičstva v Európe a Severnej Amerike">Európa a Severná Amerika</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Kritériá výberu"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Svetov%C3%A9_dedi%C4%8Dstvo_UNESCO#Kritériá_výberu" title="Svetové dedičstvo UNESCO">Kritériá</a> </th> <td>i, ii, iv, vi </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" style="height: 0.2em;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <div style="width: 270px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" class="noviewer"> <div style="position: relative;"> <div style="position: relative;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Relief_Map_of_Germany.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Poloha mesta Aachen v rámci Nemecka"><img alt="Poloha mesta Aachen v rámci Nemecka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Relief_Map_of_Germany.png/270px-Relief_Map_of_Germany.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Relief_Map_of_Germany.png/405px-Relief_Map_of_Germany.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Relief_Map_of_Germany.png/540px-Relief_Map_of_Germany.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1185" /></a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:11.75px; top:170.78px; padding:0; line-height:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Red_pog.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div style="padding-top: 0.4em; text-align: center;"> Poloha mesta Aachen v rámci Nemecka </div> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <div style="width: 270px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" class="noviewer"> <div style="position: relative;"> <div style="position: relative;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Aachen_in_AC_(2009).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Poloha mesta Aachen v rámci spolkovej krajiny Severné Porýnie-Vestfálsko a mestského regiónu Aachen"><img alt="Poloha mesta Aachen v rámci spolkovej krajiny Severné Porýnie-Vestfálsko a mestského regiónu Aachen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Aachen_in_AC_%282009%29.svg/270px-Aachen_in_AC_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Aachen_in_AC_%282009%29.svg/405px-Aachen_in_AC_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Aachen_in_AC_%282009%29.svg/540px-Aachen_in_AC_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="516" /></a></span></div> </div> <div style="padding-top: 0.4em; text-align: center;"> Poloha mesta Aachen v rámci spolkovej krajiny Severné Porýnie-Vestfálsko a mestského regiónu Aachen </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" style="height: 0.2em;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr title="Wikimedia Commons ponúka multimediálny obsah k téme Aachen"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><b>Wikimedia Commons: </b> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aachen" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Aachen">Aachen</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Oficiálna stránka"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><b>Webová stránka: </b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aachen.de">aachen.de</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><b>OpenStreetMap: </b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/62564#map=13/50.7833/6.0833">mapa</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" style="height: 0.2em;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><b>Portál, ktorého súčasťou je táto stránka: </b><div style="border: solid #aaa 1px; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 0ex 1ex; display:inline-table; padding: 0ex 0.05ex; border-style:none; background:transparent;" title="Portál, ktorého súčasťou je táto stránka"> <table style="margin: 0; padding: 0ex"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;margin: 0;border:none;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border:none;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Geografia" title="Geografický portál"><img alt="Geografický portál" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/18px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/27px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/36px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Geografia" title="Portál:Geografia">Geografický portál</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" style="height: 0.2em;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Aachen</b> (po česky a nesprávne alebo zastarano po slovensky <i>Cáchy</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%BAz%C5%A1tina" title="Francúzština">franc.</a> <span style="cursor:help" lang="fr" dir="ltr" title="francúzsky">Aix-la-Chapelle</span>) je pohraničné, kúpeľné <a href="/wiki/Mesto_bez_okresu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesto bez okresu">samosprávne mesto</a> v <a href="/wiki/Severn%C3%A9_Por%C3%BDnie-Vestf%C3%A1lsko" title="Severné Porýnie-Vestfálsko">Severnom Porýní-Vestfálsku</a> v <a href="/wiki/Nemecko" title="Nemecko">Nemecku</a>. Obľúbená rezidencia <a href="/wiki/Frankovia" title="Frankovia">franského</a> kráľa <a href="/wiki/Karol_Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD" title="Karol Veľký">Karola Veľkého</a> a miesto korunovácie tridsiatich nemeckých kráľov (936 – 1531).<sup id="cite_ref-EB_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V meste sa nachádza Aachenská univerzita (medzin. <i>RWTH Aachen University</i>), jedna z deviatich elitných vysokých škôl Nemecka.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mesto sa ekonomicky sústreďuje na rozvoj vedy, techniky a informačných technológií. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poloha_a_geografia">Poloha a geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Upraviť sekciu: Poloha a geografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Poloha a geografia"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aachen leží na juhozápadných hraniciach Nemecka, pri hraniciach s <a href="/wiki/Belgicko" title="Belgicko">Belgickom</a> a <a href="/wiki/Holandsko" title="Holandsko">Holandskom</a> a cca 65 km od <a href="/wiki/Kol%C3%ADn_nad_R%C3%BDnom" title="Kolín nad Rýnom">Kolína nad Rýnom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cvde_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cvde-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dejiny">Dejiny</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Upraviť sekciu: Dejiny" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Dejiny"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oblasť bola pôvodne osídlená <a href="/wiki/Kelti" title="Kelti">Keltmi</a>. Od <a href="/wiki/1._storo%C4%8Die" title="1. storočie">1. storočia</a> tu <a href="/wiki/Starovek%C3%BD_R%C3%ADm" title="Staroveký Rím">Rimania</a> založili kúpele <i>Aquisgranum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V tejto pomerne odľahlej vidieckej oblasti sa však nenachádzalo žiadne väčšie osídlenie ani v časoch <a href="/wiki/Starovek%C3%BD_R%C3%ADm" title="Staroveký Rím">Starovekého Ríma</a> (od najbližšej cesty bolo v tom čase vzdialené 15 km). Tento stav pretrval až do včasného stredoveku, kedy tu bol za vlády <a href="/wiki/Pipin_Kr%C3%A1tky" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipin Krátky">Pipina III. Krátkeho</a> založený <a href="/wiki/Hrad" title="Hrad">hrad</a>, ktorý sa v roku <a href="/wiki/788" title="788">788</a> stal zimným sídlom <a href="/wiki/Karol_Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD" title="Karol Veľký">Karola I. Veľkého</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stredovek">Stredovek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Upraviť sekciu: Stredovek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Stredovek"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Construction_d_Aix-la-Chapelle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Construction_d_Aix-la-Chapelle.jpg/220px-Construction_d_Aix-la-Chapelle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Construction_d_Aix-la-Chapelle.jpg/330px-Construction_d_Aix-la-Chapelle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Construction_d_Aix-la-Chapelle.jpg/440px-Construction_d_Aix-la-Chapelle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption>Stavba Aix-la-Chapelle, od <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Fouquet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Fouquet (stránka neexistuje)">Jeana Fouqeta</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Frankovia" title="Frankovia">Franský</a> učenec <a href="/w/index.php?title=Einhard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Einhard (stránka neexistuje)">Einhard</a> zaznamenal, že v 765 – 6 <a href="/wiki/Pipin_Kr%C3%A1tky" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipin Krátky">Pipin III. Krátky</a> strávil Vianoce a Veľkú noc v <i>Aquis villa</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Latin%C4%8Dina" title="Latinčina">lat.</a> <span style="cursor:help" lang="la" dir="ltr" title="latinsky">Et celebravit natalem Domini in Aquis villa et pascha similiter.</span>").<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V roku 768 tu strávil prvé Vianoce čerstvo korunovaný kráľ Frankov, <a href="/wiki/Karol_Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD" title="Karol Veľký">Karol Veľký</a>. Aachen sa stal jeho obľúbeným sídlom, kde trávil väčšinu zím od roku 792 až do roku 814, kedy práve tu zomrel. Sídlo sa tak postupne stalo politickým centrom <a href="/wiki/Fransk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Franská ríša">jeho ríše</a>. Po smrti bol kráľ pochovaný v kostole, ktorý dal sám postaviť. Pôvodná hrobka sa nezachovala, jeho údajné pozostatky sa uchovávajú v svätyni, kam boli premiestnené po jeho vyhlásení za svätého.<sup id="cite_ref-cvde_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cvde-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>V roku 936 bol v chráme postavenom Karolom Veľkým korunovaný <a href="/wiki/Otto_I._(Sv%C3%A4t%C3%A1_r%C3%ADmska_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)" title="Otto I. (Svätá rímska ríša)">Otto I</a>. Nasledujúcich 500 rokov bola väčšina kráľov <a href="/wiki/Sv%C3%A4t%C3%A1_r%C3%ADmska_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Svätá rímska ríša">Svätej rímskej ríše</a> korunovaná práve v Aachene. Posledným bol <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I._(Sv%C3%A4t%C3%A1_r%C3%ADmska_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)" title="Ferdinand I. (Svätá rímska ríša)">Ferdinand I</a> v roku 1531.<sup id="cite_ref-cvde_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cvde-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aachen bol v stredoveku regionálne významným mestom, najmä pre blízkosť <a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A1msko" class="mw-disambig" title="Flámsko">Flámska</a> a obchodu s vlnenými látkami. V roku <a href="/wiki/1166" title="1166">1166</a> získalo <a href="/wiki/Mestsk%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo_(s%C3%BAhrn_pr%C3%A1v)" title="Mestské právo (súhrn práv)">mestské práva</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-EB_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> malo štatút <a href="/wiki/Slobodn%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1%C4%BEovsk%C3%A9_mesto" title="Slobodné kráľovské mesto">slobodného kráľovského mesta</a>, zodpovedajúceho sa iba cisárovi, no politicky bolo slabé a bez vplyvu na susedov. Jeho jediným domíniom bol susediaci <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burtscheid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burtscheid (stránka neexistuje)">Burtscheid</a>. </p><p>Na začiatku 16. storočia mesto ďalej strácalo vplyv, navyše ho v roku 1656 zničil rozsiahly požiar.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>V polovici 17. storočia sa Aachen stáva populárnym kúpeľným mestom; dôvod nebola ani tak vysoká účinnosť jeho horúcich prameňov, ako to, že sa stalo zároveň vyhľadávaným európskym centrom prostitúcie pre bohaté vrstvy, a to až do 19. storočia. Potvrdzujú to údaje v dobových turistických sprievodcoch, i najčastejší dôvod kúpelnej liečby – <a href="/wiki/Syfilis" title="Syfilis">syfilis</a>. Až na konci 19. storočia sa hlavnou miestnou kúpeľnou diagnózou stala <a href="/wiki/Reumatoidn%C3%A1_artrit%C3%ADda" title="Reumatoidná artritída">reumatoidná artritída</a>. </p><p>Aachen bol miestom významných konferencií a podpisov dôležitých zmlúv: <a href="/wiki/Aachensk%C3%BD_mier_(1668)" title="Aachenský mier (1668)">Aachenský mier (1668)</a> a <a href="/wiki/Aachensk%C3%BD_mier_(1748)" title="Aachenský mier (1748)">Aachenský mier (1748)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cvde_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cvde-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19._storočie"><span id="19._storo.C4.8Die"></span>19. storočie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Upraviť sekciu: 19. storočie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce 19. storočie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V rokoch <a href="/wiki/1794" title="1794">1794</a> – <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a> patril Aachen <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%BAzsko" title="Francúzsko">Francúzsku</a>, v roku 1801 sa stal časťou <a href="/wiki/Departement_(Franc%C3%BAzsko)" title="Departement (Francúzsko)">departementu</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roer_(departement)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roer (departement) (stránka neexistuje)">Roer</a> Napoleonovho <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prv%C3%A9_franc%C3%BAzske_cis%C3%A1rstvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prvé francúzske cisárstvo (stránka neexistuje)">Prvého francúzskeho cisárstva</a>. Po <a href="/wiki/Napoleonsk%C3%A9_vojny" title="Napoleonské vojny">Napoleonských vojnách</a> v roku 1815 mesto ovládlo <a href="/wiki/Prusko_(brandenbursko-prusk%C3%A1_monarchia)" title="Prusko (brandenbursko-pruská monarchia)">Prusko</a> a mesto až do konca 19. storočia stagnovalo.<sup id="cite_ref-cvde_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cvde-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V roku 1880 dosahoval počet jeho obyvateľov 80 000. Mesto trpelo preľudnením a zlým hygienickým štandardom až do roku 1875, kedy sa začalo rozširovať mimo stredoveké opevnenie. V 19-tom storočí a až do 30-tich rokov 20. storočia bolo významným producentom lokomotív a železničných vozňov, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelezo" title="Železo">železa</a>, špendlíkov, klincov, ihiel, gombíkov, tabaku, výrobkov z vlny a hodvábu. </p><p>V roku 1817 sa tu konal tzv. <a href="/wiki/Aachensk%C3%BD_kongres" class="mw-disambig" title="Aachenský kongres">Aachenský kongres</a>. Od roku <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a> má mesto univerzitu, je sídlom katolíckeho <a href="/wiki/Biskup" title="Biskup">biskupa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20._storočie"><span id="20._storo.C4.8Die"></span>20. storočie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Upraviť sekciu: 20. storočie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce 20. storočie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aachen bol počas <a href="/wiki/II._svetov%C3%A1_vojna" class="mw-redirect" title="II. svetová vojna">II. svetovej vojny</a> ťažko poškodený. Bol dobytý americkými jednotkami v zdĺhavej <a href="/wiki/Bitka_o_Aachen" title="Bitka o Aachen">bitke o Aachen</a>, a do rúk Spojencov padol 21. októbra 1944, ako vôbec prvé nemecké mesto.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pamätihodnosti"><span id="Pam.C3.A4tihodnosti"></span>Pamätihodnosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Upraviť sekciu: Pamätihodnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Pamätihodnosti"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Aachen_rathaus_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Aachen_rathaus_front.jpg/170px-Aachen_rathaus_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Aachen_rathaus_front.jpg/255px-Aachen_rathaus_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Aachen_rathaus_front.jpg/340px-Aachen_rathaus_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2128" /></a><figcaption>Aachenská <a href="/wiki/Radnica" title="Radnica">radnica</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Najvýznamnejšou pamiatkou mesta je <a href="/wiki/Aachensk%C3%BD_d%C3%B3m" title="Aachenský dóm">Aachenský dóm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chrám je na zozname <a href="/wiki/Svetov%C3%A9_dedi%C4%8Dstvo_UNESCO" title="Svetové dedičstvo UNESCO">Svetového dedičstva UNESCO</a>, s klenotnicou, kráľovským stolcom a hrobkou <a href="/wiki/Karol_Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD" title="Karol Veľký">Karola Veľkého</a> a <a href="/wiki/Otto_III._(Sv%C3%A4t%C3%A1_r%C3%ADmska_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)" title="Otto III. (Svätá rímska ríša)">Otta III.</a> </p><p>Ďalšími významnými historickými pamiatkami sú: </p> <ul><li><i>Aachenská radnica</i> zo 14. storočia</li> <li><i>Grashaus</i>, stredoveký dom, jedna z najstarších nereligióznych stavieb v meste. V súčasnosti sa v nej nachádza mestský archív.</li> <li><i>Elisenbrunnen</i>, neo-klasicistická hala s fontánami a liečivými prameňmi</li> <li>mestské brány <i>Ponttor</i> a <i>Kleinmarschiertor</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomický_význam"><span id="Ekonomick.C3.BD_v.C3.BDznam"></span>Ekonomický význam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Upraviť sekciu: Ekonomický význam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Ekonomický význam"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mesto je dôležitou železničnou a cestnou križovatkou, administratívnym centrom ťažby uhlia. Významné zastúpenie tu má <a href="/wiki/Potravin%C3%A1rsky_priemysel" title="Potravinársky priemysel">potravinársky</a>, textilný, elektrotechnický, gumárenský, <a href="/wiki/Stroj%C3%A1rstvo" title="Strojárstvo">strojársky</a>, kovospracujúci a sklársky priemysel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Osobnosti_mesta">Osobnosti mesta</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Upraviť sekciu: Osobnosti mesta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Osobnosti mesta"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Worringer" title="Wilhelm Worringer">Wilhelm Worringer</a> (* <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a> – † <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a>), historik umenia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Ludwig Mies van der Rohe">Ludwig Mies van der Rohe</a> (* <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a> – † <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>), architekt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef_Radermacher" title="Franz Josef Radermacher">Franz Josef Radermacher</a> (* <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>), matematik, ekonóm a futurológ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Noll%C3%A9" title="Johannes Nollé">Johannes Nollé</a> (* <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>), historik, epigrafik a numizmatik</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Bayer" title="Sebastian Bayer">Sebastian Bayer</a> (* <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>), skokan do diaľky</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kai_Havertz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kai Havertz (stránka neexistuje)">Kai Havertz</a> (* <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>), futbalista</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partnerské_mestá"><span id="Partnersk.C3.A9_mest.C3.A1"></span>Partnerské mestá</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Upraviť sekciu: Partnerské mestá" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=9" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Partnerské mestá"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table width="600"> <tbody><tr> <td> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arlington_(Virg%C3%ADnia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arlington (Virgínia) (stránka neexistuje)">Arlington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virg%C3%ADnia" title="Virgínia">Virgínia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_%C5%A1t%C3%A1ty" title="Spojené štáty">USA</a>, <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Halifax_(Yorkshire)" title="Halifax (Yorkshire)">Halifax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1%C4%BEovstvo" title="Spojené kráľovstvo">Spojené kráľovstvo</a>, <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kapsk%C3%A9_Mesto" title="Kapské Mesto">Kapské Mesto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juhoafrick%C3%A1_republika" class="mw-redirect" title="Juhoafrická republika">Juhoafrická republika</a>, <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko">Rusko</a>, <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Belgicko"><img alt="Belgicko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgicko" title="Belgicko">Belgicko</a>, <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Naumburg" title="Naumburg">Naumburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nemecko" title="Nemecko">Nemecko</a>, <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ningbo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ningbo (stránka neexistuje)">Ningbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna" title="Čína">Čína</a>, <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%BAzsko" title="Francúzsko">Francúzsko</a>, <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosh_HaAyin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosh HaAyin (stránka neexistuje)">Rosh HaAyin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Izrael" title="Izrael">Izrael</a>, <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Toledo" title="Toledo">Toledo</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0panielsko" title="Španielsko">Španielsko</a>, <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="thumb" style="margin: 5px; clear: both; text-align:center;"> <div style="overflow: auto; overflow-x:auto; width: 99.9%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:AachenPanorama2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panoramatická fotografia mesta Aachen"><img alt="Panoramatická fotografia mesta Aachen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/AachenPanorama2.jpg/2000px-AachenPanorama2.jpg" decoding="async" width="2000" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/AachenPanorama2.jpg/3000px-AachenPanorama2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/AachenPanorama2.jpg/4000px-AachenPanorama2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9784" data-file-height="980" /></a></span></div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center; margin: 5px; font-size:95%"><i>Panoramatická fotografia mesta Aachen</i></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencie">Referencie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Upraviť sekciu: Referencie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=10" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Referencie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">IT.NRW. <i>Amtliche Bevölkerungszahlen, (IT.NRW Úradné počty obyvateľstva)</i> [online]. [Cit. 2011-09-06]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928045301/http://www.it.nrw.de/statistik/a/daten/amtlichebevoelkerungszahlen/index.html">Dostupné online.</a> Archivované 2011-09-28 z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.it.nrw.de/statistik/a/daten/amtlichebevoelkerungszahlen/index.html">originálu.</a> (po nemecky)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aachen. In: <cite style="font-style:normal"><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Bujn%C3%A1k" title="Pavel Bujnák">BUJNÁK, Pavel</a>, ed. <i><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%BD_n%C3%A1u%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_slovn%C3%ADk" title="Slovenský náučný slovník">Slovenský náučný slovník I. A – D</a></i>. Bratislava; Praha : Litevna, literárne a vedecké nakladateľstvo Vojtech Tilkovský, 1932. S. 42. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">IVANOVÁ-ŠALINGOVÁ, Mária; ŠALING, Samo; MANÍKOVÁ, Zuzana. <i>Slovenčina bez chýb</i>. 1. vyd. Veľký Šariš : SAMO, 1998. 399 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/80-967524-3-X" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/80-967524-3-X">ISBN <span class="ISBN">80-967524-3-X</span></a></span>. S. 105. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-EB_4-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_4-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_4-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Aachen. In:  <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Beliana" title="Encyclopaedia Beliana">Encyclopaedia Beliana</a></i>. 1. vyd. Bratislava : <a href="/wiki/Encyklopedick%C3%BD_%C3%BAstav_Slovenskej_akad%C3%A9mie_vied" title="Encyklopedický ústav Slovenskej akadémie vied">Encyklopedický ústav SAV</a>; <a href="/wiki/VEDA,_vydavate%C4%BEstvo_Slovenskej_akad%C3%A9mie_vied" title="VEDA, vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied">Veda</a>, 1999. 696 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/80-224-0554-X" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/80-224-0554-X">ISBN <span class="ISBN">80-224-0554-X</span></a></span>. Zväzok 1. (A – Belk), s. 15. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">VOGEL, Gretchen. <i>A German Ivy League Takes Shape</i> [online]. ScienceNOW, 13.10.2006, [cit. 2011-11-17]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2006/10/13-01.html">Dostupné online.</a> (anglicky)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cvde-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-cvde_6-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cvde_6-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cvde_6-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cvde_6-3"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cvde_6-4"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">e</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> <i>The Columbia-Viking Desk Encyclopedia</i>. [s.l.] : Columbia University, 1966. S. 11. (anglicky)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">SCHUTZ, Herbert. <i>The Carolingians in Central Europe, their history, arts, and architecture:</i> cultural history of Central Europe, 750-900<i>. [s.l.] : Brill Academic Pub, január 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=8ZJONlzdyPsC&pg=PA332&dq=Einhard+Aquis+villa&hl=en&ei=3i_FTvX-KMyYOpbRgewO&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Einhard%20Aquis%20villa&f=false">Dostupné online.</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-9004131491" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-9004131491">ISBN <span class="ISBN">978-9004131491</span></a></span>. S. 332. (anglicky)</i></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">KRIEGER, Günter. <i>FLAMMEN ÜBER AACHEN: Der Stadtbrand von Aachen 1656</i>. [s.l.] : Grenz-Echo Verlag, 2010. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-3867120296" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-3867120296">ISBN <span class="ISBN">978-3867120296</span></a></span>. S. 271. (nemecky)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">STANTON, Shelby L.. <i>World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939-1946</i>. [s.l.] : Stackpole Books, 2006. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-0811701570" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-0811701570">ISBN <span class="ISBN">978-0811701570</span></a></span>. S. 640 (str. 50, 51, 76, 105). (anglicky)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> <i>Cathedral of Aachen</i> [online]. mesto Aachen, [cit. 2011-11-17]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926001238/http://aachen.de/EN/ts/140_museums/140_90.html">Dostupné online.</a> Archivované 2013-09-26 z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aachen.de/EN/ts/140_museums/140_90.html">originálu.</a> (anglicky)</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pozri_aj">Pozri aj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Upraviť sekciu: Pozri aj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=11" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Pozri aj"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachensk%C3%BD_mier" class="mw-disambig" title="Aachenský mier">Aachenský mier</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iné_projekty"><span id="In.C3.A9_projekty"></span>Iné projekty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Upraviť sekciu: Iné projekty" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=12" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Iné projekty"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aachen" class="extiw" title="commons:Aachen">Commons</a></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spolupracuj na Commons"><img alt="Spolupracuj na Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Commons ponúka multimediálne súbory na tému <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aachen" class="extiw" title="commons:Aachen">Aachen</a></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zdroj">Zdroj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Upraviť sekciu: Zdroj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=13" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Zdroj"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="plainlinks"><i>Tento článok je čiastočný alebo úplný preklad článku <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen?oldid=459052766">Aachen</a> na anglickej Wikipédii.</i></span> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mestá_v_Nemecku_podľa_počtu_obyvateľov" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0abl%C3%B3na:Mest%C3%A1_v_Nemecku" title="Šablóna:Mestá v Nemecku"><span title="Zobraz túto 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v Nemecku">Mestá</a> v <a href="/wiki/Nemecko" title="Nemecko">Nemecku</a> podľa počtu obyvateľov</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1 000 000+</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berl%C3%ADn" title="Berlín">Berlín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kol%C3%ADn_nad_R%C3%BDnom" title="Kolín nad Rýnom">Kolín nad Rýnom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mn%C3%ADchov" title="Mníchov">Mníchov</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlajka Nemecka"><img alt="Vlajka Nemecka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/50px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" 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(Nemecko)">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_nad_Mohanom" title="Frankfurt nad Mohanom">Frankfurt nad Mohanom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannover" title="Hannover">Hannover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipsko" title="Lipsko">Lipsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norimberg" title="Norimberg">Norimberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200 000+</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_(mesto)" title="Karlsruhe (mesto)">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100 000+</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergisch_Gladbach" title="Bergisch Gladbach">Bergisch Gladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottrop" title="Bottrop">Bottrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottbus" title="Cottbus">Cottbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_(mesto)" title="Darmstadt (mesto)">Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlangen" title="Erlangen">Erlangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrth" title="Fürth">Fürth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh" title="Gütersloh">Gütersloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle an der Saale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamm" title="Hamm">Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn_(mesto)" title="Heilbronn (mesto)">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herne_(Nemecko)" title="Herne (Nemecko)">Herne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamm" title="Hamm">Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jena" title="Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamenica_(mesto_v_Nemecku)" title="Kamenica (mesto v Nemecku)">Kamenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein">Ludwigshafen am Rhein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moers" title="Moers">Moers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(Vestf%C3%A1lsko)" title="Münster (Vestfálsko)">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim_an_der_Ruhr" title="Mülheim an der Ruhr">Mülheim an der Ruhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuss" title="Neuss">Neuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhausen" title="Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldenburg" title="Oldenburg">Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pforzheim" title="Pforzheim">Pforzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postupim" title="Postupim">Postupim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen" title="Recklinghausen">Recklinghausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remscheid" title="Remscheid">Remscheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen_(mesto)" title="Reutlingen (mesto)">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzgitter" title="Salzgitter">Salzgitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegen_(Nemecko)" title="Siegen (Nemecko)">Siegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solingen" title="Solingen">Solingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfsburg" title="Wolfsburg">Wolfsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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