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href="#Écriture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Écriture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Écriture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Écriture</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Écriture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alphabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alphabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Alphabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alphabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prononciation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prononciation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Prononciation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prononciation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Prononciation</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prononciation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voyelles_et_diphtongues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voyelles_et_diphtongues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Voyelles et diphtongues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voyelles_et_diphtongues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonnes_et_combinaisons_de_consonnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonnes_et_combinaisons_de_consonnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Consonnes et combinaisons de consonnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonnes_et_combinaisons_de_consonnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tableau_des_phonèmes_existants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tableau_des_phonèmes_existants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tableau des phonèmes existants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tableau_des_phonèmes_existants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammaire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammaire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Grammaire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammaire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lexique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lexique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Lexique</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lexique-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Lexique</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lexique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Purisme_linguistique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purisme_linguistique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Purisme linguistique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purisme_linguistique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emprunts_par_le_français" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emprunts_par_le_français"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Emprunts par le français</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emprunts_par_le_français-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Notes et références</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Islandais</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 157 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-157" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">157 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аисланд бызшәа – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аисланд бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yslands" title="Yslands – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Yslands" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A4ndische_Sprache" title="Isländische Sprache – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Isländische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5%E1%8A%9B" title="አይስላንድኛ – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አይስላንድኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_island%C3%A9s" title="Idioma islandés – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma islandés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AAslendisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Īslendisc sprǣc – ancien anglais" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Īslendisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="ancien anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="आइसलैंडिक भाषा – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आइसलैंडिक भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الآيسلندية – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الآيسلندية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="ايسلاندى – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايسلاندى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_island%C3%A9s" title="Idioma islandés – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma islandés" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandava" title="Islandava – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Islandava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sland_dili" title="İsland dili – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İsland dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ایسلند دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسلند دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A4ndisch" title="Isländisch – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Isländisch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandu_kalba" title="Islandu kalba – samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Islandu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ісландская мова – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ісландская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ісьляндзкая мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ісьляндзкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Исландски език – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Исландски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="আইসল্যান্ডীয় ভাষা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইসল্যান্ডীয় ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandeg" title="Islandeg – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Islandeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandski_jezik" title="Islandski jezik – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Islandski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C3%A8s" title="Islandès – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Islandès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%ADng-d%C5%8D%CC%A4-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Bĭng-dō̤-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bĭng-dō̤-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Исландхойн мотт – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Исландхойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Islandes" title="Pinulongang Islandes – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Islandes" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%81%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%B3_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎠᏂᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="زمانی ئایسلەندی – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ئایسلەندی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_islandesa" title="Lingua islandesa – corse" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua islandesa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sland_tili" title="İsland tili – tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İsland tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C5%A1tina" title="Islandština – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Islandština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Исланд чĕлхи – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Исланд чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandeg" title="Islandeg – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Islandeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="article recommandé"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandsk_(sprog)" title="Islandsk (sprog) – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Islandsk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A4ndische_Sprache" title="Isländische Sprache – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Isländische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0slandki" title="İslandki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İslandki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Islandšćina – bas-sorabe" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Islandšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="bas-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ισλανδική γλώσσα – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισλανδική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Icelandic language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda_lingvo" title="Islanda lingvo – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Islanda lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_island%C3%A9s" title="Idioma islandés – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma islandés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandi_keel" title="Islandi keel – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Islandi keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandiera" title="Islandiera – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Islandiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luenga_islandesa" title="Luenga islandesa – estrémègne" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Luenga islandesa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estrémègne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="زبان ایسلندی – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان ایسلندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islannin_kieli" title="Islannin kieli – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Islannin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandi_kiil" title="Islandi kiil – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Islandi kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dslendskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Íslendskt mál – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Íslendskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isluns" title="Isluns – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Isluns" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysl%C3%A2nsk" title="Yslânsk – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Yslânsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_%C3%8Doslainnis" title="An Íoslainnis – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Íoslainnis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="冰島語 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="冰島語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innis-T%C3%AClis" title="Innis-Tìlis – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Innis-Tìlis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_islandesa" title="Lingua islandesa – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua islandesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilandia%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Ilandiañe'ẽ – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ilandiañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eeslynnish" title="Eeslynnish – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Eeslynnish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAn-t%C3%B3-ng%C3%AE" title="Pên-tó-ngî – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pên-tó-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_%CA%BB%C4%80ina_Hau" title="ʻŌlelo ʻĀina Hau – hawaïen" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo ʻĀina Hau" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA" title="איסלנדית – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איסלנדית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="आइसलैण्डिक भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आइसलैण्डिक भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_bhasa" title="Icelandic bhasa – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Icelandic bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandski_jezik" title="Islandski jezik – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Islandski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Islandšćina – haut-sorabe" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Islandšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="haut-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izlandi_nyelv" title="Izlandi nyelv – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Izlandi nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Իսլանդերեն – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իսլանդերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_islandese" title="Lingua islandese – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua islandese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Islandia" title="Bahasa Islandia – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Islandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Islandes" title="Pagsasao nga Islandes – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Islandes" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandana_linguo" title="Islandana linguo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Islandana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dslenska" title="Íslenska – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Íslenska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_islandese" title="Lingua islandese – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua islandese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E8%AA%9E" title="アイスランド語 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイスランド語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aislandik_langwij" title="Aislandik langwij – créole jamaïcain" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aislandik langwij" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="créole jamaïcain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_%C3%88slan" title="Basa Èslan – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Èslan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ისლანდიური ენა – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ისლანდიური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Ислэндбзэ – kabarde" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Ислэндбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabarde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Islandia" title="Bahasa Islandia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Islandia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Исланд тілі – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Исланд тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%A1%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93" title="ភាសាអាយឡែន – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាអាយឡែន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C%EC%96%B4" title="아이슬란드어 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아이슬란드어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_%C3%AEslend%C3%AE" title="Zimanê îslendî – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê îslendî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Исландса кыв – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Исландса кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandek" title="Islandek – cornique" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Islandek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Исланд тили – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Исланд тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Islandica" title="Lingua Islandica – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Islandica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A4nnesch" title="Islännesch – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Islännesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islansce_(lingua)" title="Islansce (lingua) – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Islansce (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieslandjs" title="Ieslandjs – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ieslandjs" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_islandeise" title="Lengua islandeise – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua islandeise" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_Islandesa" title="Lengua Islandesa – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua Islandesa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2" title="ພາສາອີສະແລນສະກາ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາອີສະແລນສະກາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C5%B3_kalba" title="Islandų kalba – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Islandų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Islandiešu valoda – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Islandiešu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_islandey" title="Fiteny islandey – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny islandey" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Исланд йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Исланд йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Исландски јазик – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Исландски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%90%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഐസ്‌ലാന്റിക് ഭാഷ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഐസ്‌ലാന്റിക് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="इस्लेन्स्का भाषा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इस्लेन्स्का भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Iceland" title="Bahasa Iceland – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Iceland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အိုက်စလန်နွယ်ဘာသာစကား – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိုက်စလန်နွယ်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="ایسلندی – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایسلندی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieslannsche_Spraak" title="Ieslannsche Spraak – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ieslannsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieslaans" title="Ieslaans – bas-saxon néerlandais" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ieslaans" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="bas-saxon néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJslands" title="IJslands – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="IJslands" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandsk" title="Islandsk – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Islandsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandsk" title="Islandsk – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Islandsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C3%A9s" title="Islandés – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Islandés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandien_kieli" title="Islandien kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Islandien kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Исландиаг æвзаг – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Исландиаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_islandzki" title="Język islandzki – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język islandzki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_island%C3%A8isa" title="Lenga islandèisa – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga islandèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C" title="آئیسلینڈی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آئیسلینڈی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="ايسلينډي ژبه – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ايسلينډي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_islandesa" title="Língua islandesa – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua islandesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandya_simi" title="Islandya simi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Islandya simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_islandez%C4%83" title="Limba islandeză – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba islandeză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Исландский язык – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Исландский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Ісландьскый язык – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ісландьскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_islandesa" title="Limba islandesa – sarde" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba islandesa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_islannisa" title="Lingua islannisa – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua islannisa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_leid" title="Icelandic leid – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Icelandic leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%8A%DA%AA_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="آئسلينڊڪ ٻولي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آئسلينڊڪ ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A1nddagiella" title="Islánddagiella – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Islánddagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandski_jezik" title="Islandski jezik – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Islandski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Icelandic language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C4%8Dina" title="Islandčina – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Islandčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Islandščina – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Islandščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandkiel%C3%A2" title="Islandkielâ – same d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Islandkielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="same d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiisirandi" title="Chiisirandi – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chiisirandi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_islandeze" title="Gjuha islandeze – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha islandeze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Исландски језик – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Исландски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iesloundsk" title="Iesloundsk – saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Iesloundsk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A4ndska" title="Isländska – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Isländska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiiceland" title="Kiiceland – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiiceland" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="இசுலேன்சுக மொழி – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுலேன்சுக மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%A3" title="Забони исландӣ – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони исландӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ภาษาไอซ์แลนด์ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาไอซ์แลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Islandes" title="Wikang Islandes – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Islandes" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandi_zyvon" title="Islandi zyvon – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Islandi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Aislan" title="Tok Aislan – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Aislan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zlandaca" title="İzlandaca – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İzlandaca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Исланд теле – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Исланд теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Исланд кыл – oudmourte" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Исланд кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="oudmourte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئىسلاندىيە تىلى – ouïghour" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىسلاندىيە تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ouïghour" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ісландська мова – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ісландська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آئس لینڈی زبان – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آئس لینڈی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_tili" title="Island tili – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Island tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_island%C3%A9ze" title="Łéngua islandéze – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua islandéze" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandijan_kel%27" title="Islandijan kel' – vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Islandijan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Iceland" title="Tiếng Iceland – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Iceland" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lislade%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Lisladeänapük – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lisladeänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="冰岛语 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="冰岛语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ისლანდიური ნინა – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ისლანდიური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="冰岛语 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="冰岛语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peng-t%C3%B3-g%C3%AD" title="Peng-tó-gí – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Peng-tó-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6%E6%96%87" title="冰島文 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="冰島文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isi-Icelandic" title="Isi-Icelandic – zoulou" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isi-Icelandic" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zoulou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q294#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Islandais" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Islandais"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Islandais" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Islandais" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&oldid=219969358" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Islandais&id=219969358&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIslandais"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIslandais"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Islandais"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Islandais&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Icelandic_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Guide_linguistique_islandais" hreflang="fr"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q294" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Islandais_(homonymie)" class="mw-disambig" title="Islandais (homonymie)">Islandais (homonymie)</a>. </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete bd" style="background-color:#3CB371;color:black;">Islandais<br /><small><i><span class="lang-is" lang="is">íslenska</span></i></small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r160408458">.mw-parser-output .entete.bd{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png")}</style> </td></tr> <tr><th scope="row">Pays </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Islande" title="Islande">Islande</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nombre de locuteurs </th> <td>314 000 (2015) </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Typologie_linguistique" title="Typologie linguistique">Typologie</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Langue_SVO" title="Langue SVO">SVO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Langue_flexionnelle" title="Langue flexionnelle">flexionnelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Langue_accusative" title="Langue accusative">accusative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Langue_accentuelle" title="Langue accentuelle">accentuelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accent_tonique" title="Accent tonique">à accent d'intensité</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#3CB371; color:#000000">Classification par famille</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_indo-europ%C3%A9ennes" title="Langues indo-européennes">langues indo-européennes</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_germaniques" title="Langues germaniques">langues germaniques</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_scandinaves" title="Langues scandinaves">langues scandinaves</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_scandinaves_occidentales" title="Langues scandinaves occidentales">langues scandinaves occidentales</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <b>islandais</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#3CB371; color:#000000">Statut officiel</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Langue_officielle" title="Langue officielle">Langue officielle</a> </th> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Islande"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Iceland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Islande"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Islande" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Islande" title="Islande">Islande</a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Conseil_nordique" title="Conseil nordique">Conseil nordique</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_acad%C3%A9mies_linguistiques" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des académies linguistiques">Régi par</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Institut_%C3%81rni-Magn%C3%BAsson" title="Institut Árni-Magnússon">Institut Árni-Magnússon</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#3CB371; color:#000000">Codes de langue</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tiquette_d%27identification_de_langues_IETF" title="Étiquette d'identification de langues IETF">IETF</a> </th> <td><code>is</code> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span> </th> <td><code>is</code> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span> </th> <td><code>ice, isl</code> </td> </tr> <tr><th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span> </th> <td><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=isl">isl</a></code> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3#Étendue" title="ISO 639-3">Étendue</a> </th> <td>individuelle </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3#Type" title="ISO 639-3">Type</a> </th> <td>vivante </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-5" title="ISO 639-5">ISO 639-5</a></span> </th> <td><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=gmq">gmq</a></code><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>note 1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Observatoire_linguistique" title="Observatoire linguistique"><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Linguasphere</span></i></a> </th> <td><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=52-AAA-aa">52-AAA-aa</a></code> </td> </tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a> </th> <td><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/icel1247">icel1247</a></code> </td> </tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#3CB371; color:#000000">État de conservation</th></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r209916962">.mw-parser-output .flex-container{justify-content:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .flex-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:left;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .sk-container{display:flex;width:auto}.mw-parser-output .sk-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:center;float:none}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{background:black;color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover{background:red;color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover{background:orange;color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover{background:yellow;color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover{background:yellowgreen;color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover{background:silver;color:black}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover a{color:white}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px dotted black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:120px;background-color:#F8F9FB;color:black;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:1px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.35);padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:150%;left:50%;margin-left:-60px;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:60%}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:100%;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;font-size:60%;border-color:transparent transparent #C8CBD0 transparent}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:70%}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{opacity:0;transition:opacity 0.15s}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;opacity:1}</style> <center> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:%C3%89tat_de_conservation_d%27une_langue" title="Modèle:État de conservation d'une langue"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="sk-container" style="justify-content: center;"> <div><span style="font-size:90%;"><center><b>Éteinte</b></center><br /></span> <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Langue_morte" title="Catégorie:Langue morte"><div class="EX-hover tooltip" style="display:inline; height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>EX</b><span class="tooltiptext">Éteinte</span></div></a></div><div><span style="font-size:90%"><center><b>Menacée</b></center><br /></span> <div style="border-top:2px solid black; border-radius:20%;display:inline;padding-top:1em"> <div class="CR-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>CR</b><span class="tooltiptext">En situation critique</span></div> <div class="SE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>SE</b><span class="tooltiptext">Sérieusement en danger</span></div> <div class="DE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%;display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Langue_en_danger" title="Catégorie:Langue en danger"><b>DE</b></a><span class="tooltiptext">En danger</span></div> <div class="VU-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>VU</b><span class="tooltiptext">Vulnérable</span></div> </div></div><div><span style="font-size:90%"><center><b>Sûre</b></center><br /></span> <div class="NE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;background:silver"><b>NE</b><span class="tooltiptext"> Non menacée</span></div></div></div> <div style="text-align:left;font-size:90%;margin-top:0.4em; line-height:1.3">Langue <b>non menacée</b> (<b>NE</b>) au sens de l’<i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_des_langues_en_danger_dans_le_monde" title="Atlas des langues en danger dans le monde">Atlas des langues en danger dans le monde</a></i> </div></center> </td> </tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#3CB371; color:#000000">Échantillon</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Article premier de la <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=ice">Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme</a></i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/fr/universal-declaration-human-rights/index.html">voir le texte en français</a>) : <p><span class="lang-is" lang="is"><b>1. grein.</b></span> </p> <span class="lang-is" lang="is">Hver maður er borinn frjáls og jafn öðrum að virðingu og réttindum. Menn eru gæddir vitsmunum og samvisku, og ber þeim að breyta bróðurlega hverjum við annan.</span></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="display:none;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #3CB371 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Langue" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>L'<b>islandais</b> (<i><span class="lang-is" lang="is">íslenska</span></i>) est une <a href="/wiki/Langues_scandinaves" title="Langues scandinaves">langue</a> <a href="/wiki/Langues_germaniques" title="Langues germaniques">germanique</a> parlée principalement en <a href="/wiki/Islande" title="Islande">Islande</a>, dont elle est la langue officielle<sup id="cite_ref-menntamalaraduneyti_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-menntamalaraduneyti-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>L'islandais fait partie de la branche <a href="/wiki/Langues_scandinaves_occidentales" title="Langues scandinaves occidentales">occidentale</a> des langues nord-germaniques, et possède à ce titre des similarités avec le <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9ro%C3%AFen" title="Féroïen">féroïen</a>. Elle est issue, comme les autres langues scandinaves, du <a href="/wiki/Vieux_norrois" title="Vieux norrois">vieux norrois</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Histoire_de_la_langue_islandaise" title="Histoire de la langue islandaise">Histoire de la langue islandaise</a>.</div></div> <p>Elle a pour racine historique le <a href="/wiki/Vieux_norrois" title="Vieux norrois">norrois</a>, qui était pratiqué depuis le <a href="/wiki/Moyen_%C3%82ge" title="Moyen Âge">Moyen Âge</a> dans les pays <a href="/wiki/Scandinavie" title="Scandinavie">scandinaves</a> (<a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8de" title="Suède">Suède</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danemark" title="Danemark">Danemark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8ge" title="Norvège">Norvège</a> et Islande). L'isolement de l'Islande et son importante tradition écrite ont permis une conservation exceptionnelle de la langue originelle, non seulement dans sa version écrite, mais également dans sa version orale. </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Histoire_de_l%27Islande#Domination_norvégienne_et_danoise_(1262-1550)" title="Histoire de l'Islande">occupation danoise</a> de l'Islande de <a href="/wiki/1380" title="1380">1380</a> à <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> n'a eu quasiment aucune influence sur l'évolution linguistique de l'islandais, qui resta employé pour le quotidien de la population. Le <a href="/wiki/Danois" title="Danois">danois</a> ne fut employé que pour les communications officielles. Il en fut de même lors de l'<a href="/wiki/Invasion_de_l%27Islande" title="Invasion de l'Islande">occupation anglo-américaine</a> qui débuta en <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a> et s'amenuisa après les <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1950" title="Années 1950">années 1950</a>. </p><p>Depuis le <a href="/wiki/XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVIIIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a>, les autorités islandaises appliquent une politique volontariste pour préserver la « pureté » de la langue. À la suite de cette politique, des écrivains et des <a href="/wiki/Terminologie" title="Terminologie">terminologues</a> sont chargés de créer de nouveaux mots afin d'adapter la langue islandaise à l'évolution des usages et aux nouveaux concepts et de lui éviter ainsi le recours à des <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9ologismes" class="mw-redirect" title="Néologismes">néologismes</a> <a href="/wiki/Emprunt_lexical" title="Emprunt lexical">empruntés</a> à des langues étrangères, notamment au <a href="/wiki/Danois" title="Danois">danois</a> et à l'<a href="/wiki/Anglais" title="Anglais">anglais</a>. D'anciens mots tombés en désuétude sont remis au goût du jour, et des néologismes sont créés à partir des racines de la langue<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>note 2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>L'islandais devient langue officielle en Islande par la loi du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-06-07" data-sort-value="2011-06-07">7 juin 2011</time><sup id="cite_ref-menntamalaraduneyti_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-menntamalaraduneyti-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Avant cela, la Constitution islandaise ne mentionnait pas de langue officielle<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Écriture"><span id=".C3.89criture"></span>Écriture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Écriture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Écriture"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'islandais comporte deux caractères et deux <a href="/wiki/Phon%C3%A8me" title="Phonème">phonèmes</a> inconnus de la langue française : </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Eth_(lettre)" title="Eth (lettre)">Ð</a></b>, <b>ð</b> (<i>eð</i>, <i>eth</i>) équivaut au <i>th</i> anglais dans <i>the</i> /<a href="/wiki/API_%C3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="API ð"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ð</span></a>/ ; sa translittération conventionnelle en français est <i>dh</i> ;</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" title="Þ">Þ</a></b>, <b>þ</b> (nommée <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eurisaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Þurisaz">þorn</a></i>, <i>thorn</i>) équivaut au <i>th</i> anglais dans <i>thing</i> /<a href="/wiki/API_%CE%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="API θ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">θ</span></a>/ ; sa <a href="/wiki/Transcription_et_translitt%C3%A9ration" title="Transcription et translittération">translittération</a> conventionnelle en français est <i>th</i>.</li></ul> <p><small>Nota bene : Alors que ces deux phonèmes sont pleinement <a href="/wiki/Consonne_fricative" title="Consonne fricative">constrictifs</a> en anglais, ils ne sont que semi-constrictifs en islandais ; c’est-à-dire que le resserrement des organes phonatoires se trouve à mi-chemin entre les constrictives et les <a href="/wiki/Consonne_spirante" title="Consonne spirante">spirantes</a> (ou approximantes).</small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alphabet">Alphabet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Alphabet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Alphabet"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Articles détaillés : <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_islandais" title="Alphabet islandais">Alphabet islandais</a> et <a href="/wiki/Orthographe_islandaise" title="Orthographe islandaise">Orthographe islandaise</a>.</div></div> <p>Les <a href="/wiki/Diacritique" title="Diacritique">diacritiques</a> islandais sont considérés comme des lettres à part entière ; l'alphabet ordonné est : </p><p><b>A a, Á á, B b, D d, Ð ð, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Þ þ, Æ æ, Ö ö</b> </p><p>Les lettres <b>C</b> <b>Q</b> et <b>W</b> ne sont utilisées que pour les mots d’origine étrangère et les noms propres. <b>Z</b> a été remplacé par <b>S</b> en <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prononciation">Prononciation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Prononciation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Prononciation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm/220px--WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="215" data-mwtitle="WIKITONGUES-_Ljóni_speaking_Icelandic.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fichier:WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Un locuteur de l'islandais.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voyelles_et_diphtongues">Voyelles et diphtongues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Voyelles et diphtongues" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voyelles et diphtongues"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Graphème </th> <th>Position dans le mot </th> <th>Transcription en API </th> <th>Prononciation approximative par rapport au français </th> <th>Exemples </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">a </td> <td>Avant <i>ng</i> ou <i>nk</i> </td> <td>[au̯] </td> <td>ao </td> <td><i>svangur</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Autrement </td> <td>[a] </td> <td>a </td> <td><i>taska</i>, <i>kaka</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">á </td> <td>[au̯] </td> <td>ao </td> <td>fár </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">au </td> <td>[œɥ] </td> <td>eu- u </td> <td><i>auga</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">e </td> <td>Avant <i>ng</i> ou <i>nk</i> </td> <td>[ɛi̯] </td> <td>eï </td> <td><i>drengur</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Autrement </td> <td>[ɛ] </td> <td>è </td> <td><i>drekka</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">é </td> <td>[jɛ] </td> <td>yè </td> <td><i>ég</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">ei, ey </td> <td>[ɛi̯] </td> <td>Se prononce comme le <i>eil</i> de pareil </td> <td><i>skeið</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">i, y </td> <td>Avant <i>ng</i> ou <i>nk</i> </td> <td>[ɪ] </td> <td>Entre le é et le i </td> <td><i>sin</i>, <i>yfir</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Autrement </td> <td rowspan="2">[i] </td> <td rowspan="2">i </td> <td>þingi </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">í, ý </td> <td>íslenska </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">o (long) </td> <td>[oɔ̯] </td> <td>Se prononce comme un o qui s'ouvre <b>légèrement</b> sur la fin </td> <td><i>lofa</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">o (court) </td> <td>[ɔ] </td> <td>o ouvert (comme dans <i>sort</i>) </td> <td><i>dolla</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">ó </td> <td>[ou̯] </td> <td>Se prononce comme un <i>o</i> suivi d'un léger <i>ou</i> </td> <td><i>rós</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">u </td> <td>Avant <i>ng</i> ou <i>nk</i> </td> <td>[u] </td> <td>ou </td> <td><i>munkur</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Autrement </td> <td>[ʏ] </td> <td>Se prononce comme un son entre le <i>eu</i> et le <i>u</i> français </td> <td><i>hundur</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">ú </td> <td>[u] </td> <td>ou </td> <td><i>þú</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">æ </td> <td>[äi̯] </td> <td>aï </td> <td><i>næsta</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">ö </td> <td>[œ] </td> <td><i>eu</i> de beurre </td> <td><i>fjöllin</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonnes_et_combinaisons_de_consonnes">Consonnes et combinaisons de consonnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Consonnes et combinaisons de consonnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Consonnes et combinaisons de consonnes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Graphème </th> <th>Position dans le mot </th> <th>Transcription en API </th> <th>Prononciation approximative par rapport au français </th> <th>Exemples </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">b </td> <td>Entre <i>m</i> <br /> et <i>d</i> <i>g</i>, <i>t</i>, ou <i>s</i> </td> <td colspan="2"><b>muet</b> </td> <td><i>kembt</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Autrement </td> <td>[b̥] </td> <td>b tirant légèrement vers le p </td> <td><i>bær</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">d </td> <td>Entre <i>l</i> ou <i>n</i> <br /> et <i>g</i>, <i>k</i>, <i>l</i>, <i>n</i>, <i>s</i> </td> <td colspan="2"><b>muet</b> </td> <td><i>lands</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Autrement </td> <td>[d̥] </td> <td>d tirant légèrement vers le t </td> <td><i>dalur</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">ð </td> <td>Entre g et s </td> <td colspan="2"><b>muet</b> </td> <td><i>bragðs</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Entre deux voyelles, <br />Entre une voyelle et une <a href="/wiki/Consonne_sonore" title="Consonne sonore">consonne sonore</a>, <br />En fin de mot </td> <td>[ð] </td> <td><i>th</i> anglais de <i>the</i> </td> <td><i>bað</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Avant une <a href="/wiki/Consonne_sourde" title="Consonne sourde">consonne sourde</a> </td> <td>[θ] </td> <td><i>th</i> anglais de <i>thing</i> </td> <td><i>maðkur</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">f </td> <td>Entre ó et une voyelle </td> <td colspan="2"><b>muet</b> </td> <td><i>prófa</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Au début du mot<br />Avant une <a href="/wiki/Consonne_sourde" title="Consonne sourde">consonne sourde</a> </td> <td>[f] </td> <td>f </td> <td><i>fundur</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Avant <i>l</i> ou <i>n</i> </td> <td>[p] </td> <td>p </td> <td><i>Keflavík</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Autrement </td> <td>[v] </td> <td>v </td> <td><i>lofa</i>, <i>horfa</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">ff </td> <td>[f] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">fn </td> <td>Avant d ou t </td> <td>[m] </td> <td>m </td> <td>hefnd, nefnt </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sinon </td> <td>[pn] </td> <td>pn </td> <td>nafn </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">g </td> <td>Première lettre du mot devant <i>e</i>, <i>i</i>, <i>í</i>, <i>j</i>, <i>y</i>, <i>ý</i>, <i>æ</i>, <i>ei</i>, <i>ey</i> <p>Entre une voyelle et un <i>i</i> ou un <i>j</i> </p> </td> <td>[ɟ̥] </td> <td>Entre le ti de tien et le di de dieu </td> <td><i>geta, segja</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Entre une voyelle et <i>a</i>, <i>ð</i>, <i>u</i>, <i>l</i> ou <i>r</i><br />En fin de mot <p>Devant un t ou un s </p> </td> <td>[ɣ̥] </td> <td>Entre le <i>s</i>on de la <i>jota</i> espagnole ou du <i>ch</i> allemand de <i>Buch</i> et le <i>r</i> français </td> <td><i>fluga</i>, <i>lag, dragt</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Autrement </td> <td>[g̥] </td> <td>g tirant légèrement vers le k </td> <td><i>glápa</i>, <i>logn</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">gj </td> <td>[ɟ̥] </td> <td>Entre le ti de tien et le di de dieu </td> <td><i>gjalda</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">gg </td> <td>[g̥] </td> <td>g tirant légèrement vers le k </td> <td><i>duggönd, egg</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">h </td> <td>Devant v </td> <td>[kʰ] </td> <td>k suivi d'une légère aspiration </td> <td>hval </td></tr> <tr> <td>Autrement </td> <td>[h] </td> <td>h fortement aspiré </td> <td><i>huga</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">hj </td> <td>[ç] </td> <td>Son du <i>ch</i> allemand de <i>möchten</i> </td> <td><i>hjá</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">j </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>y </td> <td><i>já</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">k </td> <td>En début de mot, devant <i>e, i, í, y, ý, æ, ei</i> ou <i>ey</i> </td> <td>[cʰ] </td> <td>Proche du <i>ti</i> de <i>tiens</i> suivi d'une légère aspiration </td> <td><i>keyra</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Devant <i>t</i> </td> <td>[x] </td> <td>Son de la <i>jota</i> espagnole ou du <i>ch</i> allemand de <i>Buch</i> </td> <td><i>október</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Autrement </td> <td>[kʰ] </td> <td>k suivi d'une légère aspiration </td> <td><i>kaus</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">kj </td> <td>[cʰ] </td> <td>Proche du <i>ti</i> de <i>tiens</i> suivi d'une légère aspiration </td> <td><i>kjöt, pykja</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">kk </td> <td>[ʰk] </td> <td>hk (aspiration avant le k) </td> <td><i>þakka</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">l </td> <td>[l] </td> <td>l </td> <td><i>lás</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">ll </td> <td>[tl] </td> <td>tl </td> <td><i>bolli</i>, <i>fjöllin</i> (<b>Les exceptions sont nombreuses, notamment dans les mots d'emprunts</b>) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">m </td> <td>[m] </td> <td>m </td> <td><i>mamma</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">n </td> <td>[n] </td> <td>n </td> <td><i>nafn</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">nn </td> <td>Après une syllabe accentuée ou une diphtongue </td> <td>[tn̥] </td> <td>tn </td> <td><i>steinn</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Autrement </td> <td>[nː] </td> <td>nn </td> <td><i>finna</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">p </td> <td>Avant <i>k</i>, <i>s</i>, ou <i>t</i> </td> <td>[f] </td> <td>f </td> <td><i>september</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Autrement </td> <td>[pʰ] </td> <td>ph (aspiration après le <i>p</i>) </td> <td><i>par, spara</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">pp </td> <td>[ʰp] </td> <td>hp (aspiration avant le <i>p</i>) </td> <td><i>stoppa</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">r </td> <td>[r] </td> <td>r </td> <td><i>svartur</i>, <i>læra</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">rl </td> <td>[rtl̥] </td> <td>rtl </td> <td><i>karlmaður</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">rn, rðn </td> <td>[rtn̥] </td> <td>rtn </td> <td><i>þorn</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">s </td> <td>[s] </td> <td>s </td> <td><i>sósa</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">sl </td> <td>[stl̥] </td> <td>stl </td> <td><i>rusl</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">sn </td> <td>[stn̥] </td> <td>stn </td> <td><i>bysna</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">t </td> <td>[tʰ] </td> <td>th (aspiration après le <i>t</i>) </td> <td><i>taka, stela</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">tt </td> <td>[ʰt] </td> <td>ht (aspiration avant le <i>t</i>) </td> <td><i>detta</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">v </td> <td>[v] </td> <td>v </td> <td><i>vera</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">x </td> <td>[xs] </td> <td>Son de la <i>jota</i> espagnole suivi de s </td> <td><i>lax</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">þ </td> <td>[θ] </td> <td><i>th</i> anglais de <i>thing</i> </td> <td><i>þú</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tableau_des_phonèmes_existants"><span id="Tableau_des_phon.C3.A8mes_existants"></span>Tableau des phonèmes existants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Tableau des phonèmes existants" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Tableau des phonèmes existants"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="5" style="text-align: center;"> <caption><b>Consonnes</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td style="background: #ccccff;" colspan="2">Labiales </td> <td style="background: #ccccff;" colspan="2">Dentales </td> <td style="background: #ccccff;" colspan="2">Alvéolaires </td> <td style="background: #ccccff;" colspan="2">Palatales </td> <td style="background: #ccccff;" colspan="2">Vélaires </td> <td style="background: #ccccff;" colspan="2">Glottale<br />Pharyngale </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">Sonorité </td> <td style="background: #ffccff;">- </td> <td style="background: #ffccff;">+ </td> <td style="background: #ffccff;">- </td> <td style="background: #ffccff;">+ </td> <td style="background: #ffccff;">- </td> <td style="background: #ffccff;">+ </td> <td style="background: #ffccff;">- </td> <td style="background: #ffccff;">+ </td> <td style="background: #ffccff;">- </td> <td style="background: #ffccff;">+ </td> <td style="background: #ffccff;">- </td> <td style="background: #ffccff;">+ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ccccff;">Nasales </td> <td style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_m%CC%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="API m̥"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">m̥</span></a>]</td> <td align="center" style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_m" class="mw-redirect" title="API m"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">m</span></a>] </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_n%CC%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="API n̥"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">n̥</span></a>]</td> <td align="center" style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_n" class="mw-redirect" title="API n"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">n</span></a>] </td> <td style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%B2%CC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɲ̊"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɲ̊</span></a>]</td> <td align="center" style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɲ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɲ</span></a>] </td> <td style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_%C5%8B%CC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="API ŋ̊"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ŋ̊</span></a>]</td> <td align="center" style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_%C5%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="API ŋ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ŋ</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ccccff;">Occlusives </td> <td style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_p" class="mw-redirect" title="API p"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">p</span></a>], [p<sup>h</sup>]</td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_t" class="mw-redirect" title="API t"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">t</span></a>], [t<sup>h</sup>]</td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #ddddff;">{c, c<sup>h</sup>}</td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_k" class="mw-redirect" title="API k"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">k</span></a>], [k<sup>h</sup>]</td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #ddddff;" colspan="2">{ʔ} </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ccccff;">Constrictives </td> <td style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_f" class="mw-redirect" title="API f"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">f</span></a>] </td> <td style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_v" class="mw-redirect" title="API v"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">v</span></a>]</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_%CE%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="API θ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">θ</span></a>]</td> <td align="center" style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_%C3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="API ð"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ð</span></a>] </td> <td style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_s" class="mw-redirect" title="API s"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">s</span></a>]</td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #ddddff;">{ç}</td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_x" class="mw-redirect" title="API x"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">x</span></a>]</td> <td align="center" style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɣ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɣ</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ccccff;">Approximantes </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_j" class="mw-redirect" title="API j"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">j</span></a>] </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_h" class="mw-redirect" title="API h"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">h</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ccccff;">Latérale </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_l" class="mw-redirect" title="API l"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">l</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ccccff;">Vibrantes </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td style="background: #ddddff;">[<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɾ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɾ</span></a>], {r} </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small> <b>Note:</b><br /> Les symboles entre { } ne sont pas des phonèmes mais des variantes combinatoires (ou taxophones) d’autres phonèmes. </small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammaire">Grammaire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Grammaire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Grammaire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Grammaire_islandaise" title="Grammaire islandaise">Grammaire islandaise</a>.</div></div> <p>L'islandais est une <a href="/wiki/Langue_flexionnelle" title="Langue flexionnelle">langue flexionnelle</a> ayant quatre <a href="/wiki/Cas_grammatical" title="Cas grammatical">cas</a> : <a href="/wiki/Nominatif" title="Nominatif">nominatif</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accusatif" title="Accusatif">accusatif</a>, <a href="/wiki/Datif" title="Datif">datif</a> et <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nitif" title="Génitif">génitif</a>. Les <a href="/wiki/Nom_(grammaire)" title="Nom (grammaire)">noms</a> islandais peuvent avoir un des trois <a href="/wiki/Genre_grammatical" title="Genre grammatical">genres grammaticaux</a> : masculin, féminin ou neutre. Les adjectifs, les chiffres jusqu'à quatre et les pronoms sont déclinés aux quatre cas, aux deux nombres et aux trois genres. </p><p>La principale difficulté de l'islandais réside dans le fait que certaines voyelles sont affectées par leur entourage lors des déclinaisons et des conjugaisons. Il existe également un certain nombre de mots à déclinaisons irrégulières (on dénombre plus de <span class="nowrap">70 <a href="/wiki/Paradigme_(linguistique)" title="Paradigme (linguistique)">paradigmes</a></span> différents) et un mot ne laisse souvent deviner ni son genre ni le paradigme auquel il appartient. </p><p>Exemple de déclinaison masculine régulière : hundur (chien) </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Cas</th> <th>Singulier indéfini</th> <th>Singulier défini</th> <th>Pluriel indéfini</th> <th>Pluriel défini </th></tr> <tr> <td>Nominatif</td> <td>hundur</td> <td>hundurinn</td> <td>hundar</td> <td>hundarnir </td></tr> <tr> <td>Accusatif</td> <td>hund</td> <td>hundinn</td> <td>hunda</td> <td>hundana </td></tr> <tr> <td>Datif</td> <td>hundi</td> <td>hundinum</td> <td>hundum</td> <td>hundunum </td></tr> <tr> <td>Génitif</td> <td>hunds</td> <td>hundsins</td> <td>hunda</td> <td>hundanna </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Exemple de déclinaison féminine régulière : vél (machine) </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Cas</th> <th>Singulier indéfini</th> <th>Singulier défini</th> <th>Pluriel indéfini</th> <th>Pluriel défini </th></tr> <tr> <td>Nominatif</td> <td>vél</td> <td>vélin</td> <td>vélar</td> <td>vélarnar </td></tr> <tr> <td>Accusatif</td> <td>vél</td> <td>vélina</td> <td>vélar</td> <td>vélarnar </td></tr> <tr> <td>Datif</td> <td>vél</td> <td>vélinni</td> <td>vélum</td> <td>vélunum </td></tr> <tr> <td>Génitif</td> <td>vélar</td> <td>vélarinnar</td> <td>véla</td> <td>vélanna </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Exemple de déclinaison neutre régulière : borð (table) </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Cas</th> <th>Singulier indéfini</th> <th>Singulier défini</th> <th>Pluriel indéfini</th> <th>Pluriel défini </th></tr> <tr> <td>Nominatif</td> <td>borð</td> <td>borðið</td> <td>borð</td> <td>borðin </td></tr> <tr> <td>Accusatif</td> <td>borð</td> <td>borðið</td> <td>borð</td> <td>borðin </td></tr> <tr> <td>Datif</td> <td>borði</td> <td>borðinu</td> <td>borðum</td> <td>borðunum </td></tr> <tr> <td>Génitif</td> <td>borðs</td> <td>borðsins</td> <td>borða</td> <td>borðanna </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Les verbes sont conjugués aux trois personnes du singulier et du pluriel. Le système verbal possède deux modes : le mode indicatif et le mode subjonctif avec pour chacun le présent et le prétérit. Il existe aussi un impératif, un participe présent et un participe passé. Le système verbal se caractérise par une <a href="/wiki/Diath%C3%A8se#Actif" title="Diathèse">voix active</a> et une <a href="/wiki/Diath%C3%A8se#Moyen" title="Diathèse">voix médio-passive</a>. </p><p>Exemple de conjugaison active régulière : að kalla (appeler) </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Personne</th> <th>Indicatif présent</th> <th>Indicatif passé</th> <th>Subjonctif présent</th> <th>Subjonctif passé </th></tr> <tr> <td>Première personne du singulier</td> <td>ég kalla</td> <td>ég kallaði</td> <td>ég kalli</td> <td>ég kallaði </td></tr> <tr> <td>Deuxième personne du singulier</td> <td>þú kallar</td> <td>þú kallaðir</td> <td>þú kallir</td> <td>þú kallaðir </td></tr> <tr> <td>Troisième personne du singulier</td> <td>hann / hún /það kallar</td> <td>hann / hún / það kallaði</td> <td>hann / hún / það kalli</td> <td>hann / hún / það kallaði </td></tr> <tr> <td>Première personne pluriel</td> <td>við köllum</td> <td>við kölluðum</td> <td>við köllum</td> <td>við kölluðum </td></tr> <tr> <td>Deuxième personne pluriel</td> <td>þið kallið</td> <td>þið kölluðuð</td> <td>þið kallið</td> <td>þið kölluðuð </td></tr> <tr> <td>Troisième personne pluriel</td> <td>þeir / þær / þau kalla</td> <td>þeir / þær / þau kölluðu</td> <td>þeir / þær / þau kalli</td> <td>þeir / þær / þau kölluðu </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lexique">Lexique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Lexique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Lexique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En raison de la faible population et de l'insularité de l'Islande, la langue islandaise n'a pas subi de grands changements au cours des derniers mille ans. </p> <table class="wikitable alternance"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mot </th> <th>Traduction </th> <th>Prononciation <p>API </p> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A9dois" title="Suédois">Suédois</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9erlandais" title="Néerlandais">Néerlandais</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Allemand" title="Allemand">Allemand</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Anglais" title="Anglais">Anglais</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>terre</td> <td><b>jörð</b></td> <td><i>jœrð</i></td> <td>jord</td> <td>aarde</td> <td>Erde</td> <td>earth </td></tr> <tr> <td>ciel</td> <td><b>himinn</b></td> <td><i>'hi:mɪn:</i></td> <td>himmel</td> <td>hemel</td> <td>Himmel</td> <td>heaven </td></tr> <tr> <td>eau</td> <td><b>vatn</b></td> <td><i>vaʰtn̥</i></td> <td>vatten</td> <td>water</td> <td>Wasser</td> <td>water </td></tr> <tr> <td>feu</td> <td><b>eldur</b></td> <td><i>'ɛltʏr</i></td> <td>eld</td> <td>vuur</td> <td>Feuer</td> <td>fire </td></tr> <tr> <td>homme</td> <td><b>maður</b></td> <td><i>'maðʏr</i></td> <td>man</td> <td>man</td> <td>Mann</td> <td>man </td></tr> <tr> <td>femme</td> <td><b>kona</b></td> <td><i>'kʰɔna</i></td> <td>kvinna</td> <td>vrouw</td> <td>Frau</td> <td>woman </td></tr> <tr> <td>manger</td> <td><b>borða</b></td> <td><i>'porða</i></td> <td>äta</td> <td>eten</td> <td>essen</td> <td>eat </td></tr> <tr> <td>boire</td> <td><b>drekka</b></td> <td><i>'trɛʰka</i></td> <td>dricka</td> <td>drinken</td> <td>trinken</td> <td>drink </td></tr> <tr> <td>grand</td> <td><b>stór</b></td> <td><i>stou̯r</i></td> <td>stor</td> <td>groot</td> <td>groß</td> <td>big </td></tr> <tr> <td>petit</td> <td><b>lítill</b></td> <td><i>'li:tɪtl</i></td> <td>liten</td> <td>smal / klein</td> <td>klein</td> <td>small / little </td></tr> <tr> <td>nuit</td> <td><b>nótt</b></td> <td><i>nou̯ʰt</i></td> <td>natt</td> <td>nacht</td> <td>Nacht</td> <td>night </td></tr> <tr> <td>jour</td> <td><b>dagur</b></td> <td><i>'ta:ɣʏr</i></td> <td>dag</td> <td>dag</td> <td>Tag</td> <td>day </td></tr> <tr> <td>père</td> <td><b>faðir</b></td> <td><i>'fa:ðɪr</i></td> <td>far</td> <td>vader</td> <td>Vater</td> <td>father </td></tr> <tr> <td>mère</td> <td><b>móðir</b></td> <td><i>'mou̯ðɪr</i></td> <td>mor / moder</td> <td>moeder</td> <td>Mutter</td> <td>mother </td></tr> <tr> <td>fils</td> <td><b>sonur</b></td> <td><i>'sɔ:nʏr</i></td> <td>son</td> <td>zoon</td> <td>Sohn</td> <td>son </td></tr> <tr> <td>fille (descendante)</td> <td><b>dóttir</b></td> <td><i>'tou̯ʰtɪr</i></td> <td>dotter</td> <td>dochter</td> <td>Tochter</td> <td>daughter </td></tr> <tr> <td>frère</td> <td><b>bróðir</b></td> <td><i>'prou̯ðɪr</i></td> <td>broder</td> <td>broer</td> <td>Bruder</td> <td>brother </td></tr> <tr> <td>sœur</td> <td><b>systir</b></td> <td><i>'sɪstɪr</i></td> <td>syster</td> <td>zuster</td> <td>Schwester</td> <td>sister </td></tr> <tr> <td>oui</td> <td><b>já</b></td> <td><i>jau̯</i></td> <td>ja</td> <td>ja</td> <td>ja</td> <td>yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>non</td> <td><b>nei</b></td> <td><i>nɛi̯</i></td> <td>nej</td> <td>nee</td> <td>nein</td> <td>no </td></tr> <tr> <td>zéro (0)</td> <td><b>núll</b></td> <td><i>nu:tl</i></td> <td>noll</td> <td>nul</td> <td>null</td> <td>zero </td></tr> <tr> <td>un (1)</td> <td><b>einn</b></td> <td><i>ɛi̯dn</i></td> <td>en</td> <td>een</td> <td>eins</td> <td>one </td></tr> <tr> <td>deux (2)</td> <td><b>tveir</b></td> <td><i>tvɛi̯r</i></td> <td>två</td> <td>twee</td> <td>zwei</td> <td>two </td></tr> <tr> <td>trois (3)</td> <td><b>þrír</b></td> <td><i>θri:r</i></td> <td>tre</td> <td>drie</td> <td>drei</td> <td>three </td></tr> <tr> <td>quatre (4)</td> <td><b>fjórir</b></td> <td><i>'fjou̯rir</i></td> <td>fyra</td> <td>vier</td> <td>vier</td> <td>four </td></tr> <tr> <td>cinq (5)</td> <td><b>fimm</b></td> <td><i>fɪm:</i></td> <td>fem</td> <td>vijf</td> <td>fünf</td> <td>five </td></tr> <tr> <td>six (6)</td> <td><b>sex</b></td> <td><i>sɛks</i></td> <td>sex</td> <td>zes</td> <td>sechs</td> <td>six </td></tr> <tr> <td>sept (7)</td> <td><b>sjö</b></td> <td><i>sjœ</i></td> <td>sju</td> <td>zeven</td> <td>sieben</td> <td>seven </td></tr> <tr> <td>huit (8)</td> <td><b>átta</b></td> <td><i>'au̯ʰta</i></td> <td>åtta</td> <td>acht</td> <td>acht</td> <td>eight </td></tr> <tr> <td>neuf (9)</td> <td><b>níu</b></td> <td><i>'ni:jʏ</i></td> <td>nio</td> <td>negen</td> <td>neun</td> <td>nine </td></tr> <tr> <td>dix (10)</td> <td><b>tíu</b></td> <td><i>'ti:jʏ</i></td> <td>tio</td> <td>tien</td> <td>zehn</td> <td>ten </td></tr> <tr> <td>sang (fluide corporel)</td> <td><b>blóð</b></td> <td><i>plou̯ð</i></td> <td>blod</td> <td>bloed</td> <td>Blut</td> <td>blood </td></tr> <tr> <td>pain (aliment)</td> <td><b>brauð</b></td> <td><i>prøy̯ð</i></td> <td>bröd</td> <td>brood</td> <td>Brot</td> <td>bread </td></tr> <tr> <td>or (métal)</td> <td><b>gull</b></td> <td><i>kʏtl</i></td> <td>guld</td> <td>goud</td> <td>Gold</td> <td>gold </td></tr> <tr> <td>encyclopédie</td> <td><b>alfræðiorðabók</b></td> <td><i>'alfrai̯ðɪorðapou̯k</i></td> <td>uppslagsbok</td> <td>encyclopedie</td> <td>Enzyklopädie</td> <td>encyclopedia </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purisme_linguistique">Purisme linguistique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Purisme linguistique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Purisme linguistique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'islandais contient peu de mots d'emprunts comparé aux autres langues européennes, le résultat d'une tradition de forger les nouveaux termes techniques, savants, sociaux, commerciaux ou culturels à partir de ses propres racines et formes. Ce mouvement officiel et populaire, qui remonte au <abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> et <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècles et continue aujourd'hui, ciblait d'abord les emprunts danois et plus récemment anglais. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Français</th> <th>Islandais</th> <th>Sens littéral ou éclaircissement </th></tr> <tr> <td>satellite</td> <td><b>gervitungl</b></td> <td>« lune artificielle » </td></tr> <tr> <td>téléphone</td> <td><b>sími</b></td> <td>Recyclage d'un mot ancien tombé en désuétude ayant le sens de « ficelle », « fil ». </td></tr> <tr> <td>météorologie</td> <td><b>veðurfræði</b></td> <td>Mot composé de « temps » et « savoir ». </td></tr> <tr> <td>SIDA</td> <td><b>eyðni</b></td> <td>Dérivé du verbe <i><span class="lang-is" lang="is">að eyða</span></i> <i>détruire</i>, évoque l'anglais <i><span class="lang-is" lang="is">AIDS</span></i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>technique, technologie</td> <td><b>tækni</b></td> <td>À base du mot <i><span class="lang-is" lang="is">tæki</span></i> (« outil »), choisi pour sa ressemblance (son et sens) au mot étranger. </td></tr> <tr> <td>ordinateur</td> <td><b>tölva</b></td> <td>« prophétesse numérique », mot-valise de <i><span class="lang-is" lang="is">tala</span></i> « chiffre » et <i><span class="lang-is" lang="is">völva</span></i> « prophétesse ». </td></tr> <tr> <td>brocoli</td> <td><b>spergilkál</b></td> <td>« asperge » + plante de la famille des <i><a href="/wiki/Brassicac%C3%A9es" class="mw-redirect" title="Brassicacées">Brassicacées</a>.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emprunts_par_le_français"><span id="Emprunts_par_le_fran.C3.A7ais"></span>Emprunts par le français</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Emprunts par le français" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Emprunts par le français"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les mots <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Français">français</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Eider_(oiseau)" title="Eider (oiseau)">eider</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89dredon" class="mw-redirect" title="Édredon">édredon</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Geyser" title="Geyser">geyser</a></i> et <i><a href="/wiki/Saga" title="Saga">saga</a></i> sont d'origine islandaise. </p> <ul><li><i>eider</i> « oiseau de grande taille recherché pour son duvet utilisé pour garnir des édredons » par l'intermédiaire du <a href="/wiki/Latin_scientifique" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin scientifique">latin scientifique</a>, cf. <i>æðarfugl</i>.</li> <li><i>édredon</i> par le <a href="/wiki/Danois" title="Danois">danois</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Duvet_(plumage)" title="Duvet (plumage)">Duvet (plumage)</a></i>. Édredon est issu de <i><span class="lang-is" lang="is">æðardúnn</span></i> qui signifie « duvet de l'eider ». Le mot <i>duvet</i> lui-même est une altération du mot normand <i>dumet</i>, diminutif du normand <i>dun / dum</i> « plumes d'oisillons, duvet d'oiseau » issu du vieux norrois <i>dúnn</i>, tout comme l'islandais <i>dúnn</i> « duvet »,</li> <li><i>geyser</i> procède de l'islandais <i><span class="lang-is" lang="is"><a href="/wiki/Geysir" title="Geysir">Geysir</a></span></i>, nom propre signifiant « celui qui jaillit » (de <i>gjósa</i> « jaillir »).</li></ul> <p>D'autres mots du champ lexical scientifique relatif à la géologie et aux glaciers proviennent aussi de l'islandais, comme <i><a href="/wiki/Sandur" title="Sandur">sandur</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifier la section : Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">code générique</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">On peut citer le cas du mot <i><span class="lang-is" lang="is">rafmagn</span></i>, littéralement « pouvoir de l’ambre » signifiant « électricité » — ce mot français étant lui-même issu du grec <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">ἤλεκτρον</span> / <span class="lang-grc-latn" lang="grc-latn"><i>ḗlektron</i></span>, « ambre jaune » —, ainsi que celui du mot <i><span class="lang-is" lang="is">sími</span></i>, un ancien mot signifiant « câble », aujourd'hui utilisé pour « téléphone » ou encore celui de <i><span class="lang-is" lang="is">tölva</span></i> formé à partir de <i><span class="lang-is" lang="is">tala</span></i>, « chiffre » et <i><span class="lang-is" lang="is">völva</span></i> « magicienne » utilisé pour « ordinateur ».</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-menntamalaraduneyti-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-menntamalaraduneyti_2-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-menntamalaraduneyti_2-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.government.is/media/menntamalaraduneyti-media/media/frettir2015/Thyding-log-um-stodu-islenskrar-tungu-og-islensks-taknmals-desember-2015.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Article 1 de la loi <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 61 du 7 juin 2011</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">eng.menntamalaraduneyti.is</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-11-07" data-sort-value="2013-11-07">7 novembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Rapport 2011 de la commission juridique <span class="ouvrage" id="til_þings_(«_Assemblée_nationale_»)"><span class="ouvrage" id="Þjóð_til_þings_(«_Assemblée_nationale_»)"><i>Þjóð til þings</i> (« Assemblée nationale »), « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stjornlagarad.is/other_files/stjornlagarad/skyrsla-stjornlaganefndar/skyrsla_stjornlaganefndar_fyrra_bindi.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Skýrsla stjórnlaganefndar 2011</cite></a> » <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/islandais" class="extiw" title="wikt:islandais">islandais</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li><li class="wikiversity"><a href="https://fr.wikiversity.org/wiki/D%C3%A9partement:Islandais" class="extiw" title="v:Département:Islandais">Département d'islandais</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur <span class="project">Wikiversity</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="noprint boite-grise boite-a-droite" style="text-align:left;"> <div style="float:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/45px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/68px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/90px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:60px;"><b><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="is:">Wikipédia en islandais</a></b>.</div> <div style="clear:left;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=edit&section=16" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistique" title="Linguistique">Linguistique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_langues" title="Liste de langues">Liste de langues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_par_famille" title="Langues par famille">Langues par famille</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_indo-europ%C3%A9ennes" title="Langues indo-européennes">Langues indo-européennes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_germaniques" title="Langues germaniques">Langues germaniques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_scandinaves" title="Langues scandinaves">Langues scandinaves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_scandinaves_occidentales" title="Langues scandinaves occidentales">Langues scandinaves occidentales</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_Swadesh_de_l%27islandais" title="Liste Swadesh de l'islandais">Liste Swadesh de l'islandais</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nom_islandais" title="Nom islandais">Nom islandais</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandais&action=edit&section=17" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119321425">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119321425">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85064029">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4120209-0">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00560123">Japon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007538542905171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph121210">Tchéquie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/icel1247">Glottocode</a></span></li> </ul></div></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Icelandic-language"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/isl%C3%A4ndische-sprache"><i>Brockhaus</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//islandsk/"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3915570"><i>Internetowa encyklopedia PWN</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/islandais/62740"><i>Larousse</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/islandsk"><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a></li> </ul></div></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Langues_germaniques" title="Modèle:Palette Langues germaniques"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Langues_germaniques&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Langues_germaniques" title="Langues germaniques">Langues germaniques</a> modernes</div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Langues_scandinaves" title="Langues scandinaves">Langues germaniques septentrionales</a> (ou <i>langues scandinaves</i>)</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Langues_scandinaves_occidentales" title="Langues scandinaves occidentales">Occidentales</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9ro%C3%AFen" title="Féroïen">Féroïen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Islandais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A9gien" title="Norvégien">Norvégien</a> <a href="/wiki/Nynorsk" title="Nynorsk">nynorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norne_(langue)" title="Norne (langue)">Norne</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Langues_scandinaves_orientales" title="Langues scandinaves orientales">Orientales</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danois" title="Danois">Danois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutnisk" title="Gutnisk">Gutnisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A9gien" title="Norvégien">Norvégien</a> <a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">bokmål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A9dois" title="Suédois">Suédois</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Langues_germaniques_occidentales" title="Langues germaniques occidentales">Langues germaniques occidentales</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Langues_anglo-frisonnes" title="Langues anglo-frisonnes">Anglo-frison</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglais" title="Anglais">Anglais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langues_frisonnes" title="Langues frisonnes">langues frisonnes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frison_occidental" title="Frison occidental">occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frison_oriental" title="Frison oriental">oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frison_septentrional" title="Frison septentrional">septentrional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots" title="Scots">Scots</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Bas_allemand" title="Bas allemand">Bas allemand</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Bas_francique" title="Bas francique">Bas francique</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamand_(dialecte)" title="Flamand (dialecte)">Flamand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbourgeois" title="Limbourgeois">Limbourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9erlandais" title="Néerlandais">Néerlandais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A9landais" title="Zélandais">Zélandais</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Bas_saxon" title="Bas saxon">Bas saxon</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achterhooks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achterhooks (page inexistante)">Achterhooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bas_saxon_des_Pays-Bas" title="Bas saxon des Pays-Bas">Bas saxon des Pays-Bas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drents" title="Drents">Drents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostphalien" title="Ostphalien">Ostphalien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bas_saxon_de_Frise_orientale" title="Bas saxon de Frise orientale">bas saxon de Frise orientale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groningois" title="Groningois">Groningois</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sallaands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sallaands (page inexistante)">Sallaands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tweants (page inexistante)">Tweants</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veluws&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veluws (page inexistante)">Veluws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westphalien_(langue)" title="Westphalien (langue)">Westphalien</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Bas_allemand_oriental" title="Bas allemand oriental">Bas allemand oriental</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecklembourgeois-pom%C3%A9ranien" title="Mecklembourgeois-poméranien">Mecklembourgeois-poméranien</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialecte_brandebourgeois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialecte brandebourgeois (page inexistante)">Brandebourgeois</a></li> <li>Moyen-poméranien</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pom%C3%A9ranien_oriental" title="Poméranien oriental">Poméranien oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bas_prussien" title="Bas prussien">Bas prussien</a> (dont <a href="/wiki/Bas_allemand_mennonite" title="Bas allemand mennonite">Bas allemand mennonite</a>)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Haut_allemand" title="Haut allemand">Haut allemand</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Moyen_allemand" title="Moyen allemand">Moyen allemand</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allemand" title="Allemand">Allemand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parler_berlinois" title="Parler berlinois">Parler berlinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francique_ripuaire" title="Francique ripuaire">Francique ripuaire</a> (dont <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lsch_(langue)" title="Kölsch (langue)">Kölsch</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgeois" title="Luxembourgeois">Luxembourgeois</a> (dont <a href="/wiki/Arlonais_(dialecte)" title="Arlonais (dialecte)">Arlonais</a> et <a href="/wiki/Francique_luxembourgeois_de_Lorraine" title="Francique luxembourgeois de Lorraine">Lorrain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francique_mosellan" title="Francique mosellan">Francique mosellan</a> (dont <a href="/wiki/Dialecte_saxon_de_Transylvanie" title="Dialecte saxon de Transylvanie">dialecte saxon de Transylvanie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessois" title="Hessois">Hessois du Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessois" title="Hessois">Hessois de l'Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessois" title="Hessois">Moyen-hessois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francique_rh%C3%A9nan" title="Francique rhénan">Francique rhénan</a> (dont <a href="/wiki/Francique_rh%C3%A9nan_de_Lorraine" title="Francique rhénan de Lorraine">Francique rhénan de Lorraine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarrois" title="Sarrois">Sarrois</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thuringien_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thuringien (langue) (page inexistante)">Thuringien</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haut-saxon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haut-saxon (page inexistante)">Haut-saxon</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Saxon_German" class="extiw" title="en:Upper Saxon German"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Upper Saxon German »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nordobers%C3%A4chsisch-S%C3%BCdm%C3%A4rkisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nordobersächsisch-Südmärkisch (page inexistante)">Nordobersächsisch-Südmärkisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%A9sien_(langue_germanique)" title="Silésien (langue germanique)">Silésien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haut-prussien" class="mw-redirect" title="Haut-prussien">Haut-prussien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilamowicien" title="Wilamowicien">Wilamowicien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allemand_de_Pennsylvanie" title="Allemand de Pennsylvanie">Allemand de Pennsylvanie</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Allemand_sup%C3%A9rieur" title="Allemand supérieur">Allemand supérieur</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francique_oriental" title="Francique oriental">Francique oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francique_m%C3%A9ridional" title="Francique méridional">Francique méridional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarois" title="Bavarois">Bavarois</a> (dont <a href="/wiki/Cimbre" title="Cimbre">Cimbre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moch%C3%A8ne" title="Mochène">Mochène</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%A9manique" title="Alémanique">Alémanique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Souabe_(dialecte)" title="Souabe (dialecte)">Souabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%A9manique" title="Alémanique">Bas-alémanique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haut-al%C3%A9manique" class="mw-redirect" title="Haut-alémanique">Haut-alémanique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al%C3%A9manique_du_Lac_de_Constance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alémanique du Lac de Constance (page inexistante)">Alémanique du Lac de Constance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%A9manique" title="Alémanique">Alémanique supérieur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsacien" title="Alsacien">Alsacien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alem%C3%A1n_coloniero" title="Alemán coloniero">Alemán coloniero</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Autres</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9niche_(langue)" title="Yéniche (langue)">Yéniche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unserdeutsch" title="Unserdeutsch">Unserdeutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCchendeutsch" title="Küchendeutsch">Küchendeutsch</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Langues_germaniques" title="Portail des langues germaniques"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Thorn-eth.png/25px-Thorn-eth.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Thorn-eth.png/38px-Thorn-eth.png 1.5x, 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/></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Islande" title="Portail:Islande">Portail de l’Islande</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islandais&oldid=219969358">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islandais&oldid=219969358</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Langue_SVO" title="Catégorie:Langue SVO">Langue SVO</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Langue_flexionnelle" title="Catégorie:Langue 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