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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Paraffin deposition</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Paraffin deposition"> <meta name="keywords" content="Paraffin deposition"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Paraffin deposition"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 211</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Paraffin deposition</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">211</span> An In-depth Experimental Study of Wax Deposition in Pipelines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20L.%20Arias">M. L. Arias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20D%E2%80%99Adamo"> J. D’Adamo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20N.%20Novosad"> M. N. Novosad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20A.%20Raffo"> P. A. Raffo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20P.%20Burbridge"> H. P. Burbridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20O.%20Artana"> G. O. Artana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Shale oils are highly paraffinic and, consequently, can create wax deposits that foul pipelines during transportation. Several factors must be considered when designing pipelines or treatment programs that prevent wax deposition: including chemical species in crude oils, flowrates, pipes diameters and temperature. This paper describes the wax deposition study carried out within the framework of YPF Tecnolgía S.A. (Y-TEC) flow assurance projects, as part of the process to achieve a better understanding on wax deposition issues. Laboratory experiments were performed on a medium size, 1 inch diameter, wax deposition loop of 15 meters long equipped with a solid detector system, online microscope to visualize crystals, temperature, and pressure sensors along the loop pipe. A baseline test was performed with diesel with no added paraffin or additive content. Tests were undertaken with different temperatures of circulating and cooling fluid at different flow conditions. Then, a solution formed with a paraffin incorporated to the diesel was considered. Tests varying flowrate and cooling rate were again run. Viscosity, density, WAT (Wax Appearance Temperature) with DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), pour point and cold finger measurements were carried out to determine physical properties of the working fluids. The results obtained in the loop were analyzed through momentum balance and heat transfer models. To determine possible paraffin deposition scenarios temperature and pressure loop output signals were studied. They were compared with WAT static laboratory methods.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Paraffin%20deposition" title="Paraffin deposition">Paraffin deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wax" title=" wax"> wax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=oil%20pipelines" title=" oil pipelines"> oil pipelines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=experimental%20pipe%20loop." title=" experimental pipe loop."> experimental pipe loop.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013612/an-in-depth-experimental-study-of-wax-deposition-in-pipelines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013612/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013612/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013612/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013612/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013612/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013612/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013612/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013612/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013612/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013612/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">210</span> Simulation of the Asphaltene Deposition Rate in a Wellbore Blockage via Computational Fluid Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xiaodong%20Gao">Xiaodong Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pingchuan%20Dong"> Pingchuan Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Qichao%20Gao"> Qichao Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This work attempts to predict the deposition rate of asphaltene particles in blockage tube through CFD simulation. The Euler-Lagrange equation has been applied during the flow of crude oil and asphaltene particles. The net gravitational force, virtual mass, pressure gradient, Saffman lift, and drag forces are incorporated in the simulations process. Validation of CFD simulation results is compared to the benchmark experiments from the previous literature. Furthermore, the effects of blockage location, blockage length, and blockage thickness on deposition rate are also analyzed. The simulation results indicate that the maximum deposition rate of asphaltene occurs in the blocked tube section, and the greater the deposition thickness, the greater the deposition rate. Moreover, the deposition amount and maximum deposition rate along the length of the tube have the same trend. Results of this study are in the ability to better understand the deposition of asphaltene particles in production and help achieve to deal with the asphaltene challenges.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asphaltene%20deposition%20rate" title="Asphaltene deposition rate">Asphaltene deposition rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=blockage%20length" title=" blockage length"> blockage length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=blockage%20thickness" title=" blockage thickness"> blockage thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=blockage%20diameter" title=" blockage diameter"> blockage diameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=transient%20condition." title=" transient condition."> transient condition.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/simulation-of-the-asphaltene-deposition-rate-in-a-wellbore-blockage-via-computational-fluid-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">209</span> An Analysis on Thermal Energy Storage in Paraffin-Wax Using Tube Array on a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Syukri%20Himran">Syukri Himran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rustan%20Taraka"> Rustan Taraka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anto%20Duma"> Anto Duma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the study is to improve the understanding of latent and sensible thermal energy storage within a paraffin wax media by an array of cylindrical tubes arranged both in in-line and staggered layouts. An analytical and experimental study is carried out in a horizontal shell-and-tube type system during melting process. Pertamina paraffin-wax was used as a phase change material (PCM), while the tubes are embedded in the PCM. From analytical study we can obtain the useful information in designing a thermal energy storage such as: the motion of interface, amount of material melted at any time in the process, and the heat storage characteristic during melting. The use of staggered tubes is proposed compared to in-line layout in a heat exchanger as thermal storage. The experimental study is used to verify the validity of the analytical predictions. From the comparisons, the analytical and experimental data are in a good agreement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Latent" title="Latent">Latent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sensible" title=" sensible"> sensible</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=paraffin-wax" title=" paraffin-wax"> paraffin-wax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal%20energy%0D%0Astorage" title=" thermal energy storage"> thermal energy storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=conduction" title=" conduction"> conduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=natural%20convection." title=" natural convection."> natural convection.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002855/an-analysis-on-thermal-energy-storage-in-paraffin-wax-using-tube-array-on-a-shell-and-tube-heat-exchanger" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002855/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002855/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002855/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002855/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002855/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002855/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002855/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002855/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002855/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002855/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3611</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">208</span> Thermal and Flammability Properties of Paraffin/Nanoclay Composite Phase Change Materials Incorporated in Building Materials for Thermal Energy Storage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Awni%20H.%20Alkhazaleh">Awni H. Alkhazaleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Baljinder%20K.%20Kandola"> Baljinder K. Kandola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this study, a form-stable composite Paraffin/Nanoclay (PA-NC) has been prepared by absorbing PA into porous particles of NC to be used for low-temperature latent heat thermal energy storage. The leakage test shows that the maximum mass fraction of PA that can be incorporated in NC without leakage is 60 wt.%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been used to measure the thermal properties of the PA and PA-NC both before and after incorporation in plasterboard (PL). The mechanical performance of the samples has been evaluated in flexural mode. The thermal energy storage performance has been studied using a small test chamber (100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm) made from 10 mm thick PL and measuring the temperatures using thermocouples. The flammability of the PL+PL-NC has been discussed using a cone calorimeter. The results indicate that the form composite PA has good potential for use as thermal energy storage materials in building applications.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Flammability" title="Flammability">Flammability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=paraffin" title=" paraffin"> paraffin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=plasterboard" title=" plasterboard"> plasterboard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal%20energy%20storage." title=" thermal energy storage."> thermal energy storage.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007356/thermal-and-flammability-properties-of-paraffinnanoclay-composite-phase-change-materials-incorporated-in-building-materials-for-thermal-energy-storage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007356/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007356/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007356/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007356/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007356/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007356/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007356/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007356/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007356/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007356/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1038</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">207</span> Fabrication of Wearable Antennas through Thermal Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jeff%20Letcher">Jeff Letcher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dennis%20Tierney"> Dennis Tierney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Haider%20Raad"> Haider Raad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antennas are devices for transmitting and/or receiving signals which make them a necessary component of any wireless system. In this paper, a thermal deposition technique is utilized as a method to fabricate antenna structures on substrates. Thin-film deposition is achieved by evaporating a source material (metals in our case) in a vacuum which allows vapor particles to travel directly to the target substrate which is encased with a mask that outlines the desired structure. The material then condenses back to solid state. This method is used in comparison to screen printing, chemical etching, and ink jet printing to indicate advantages and disadvantages to the method. The antenna created undergoes various testing of frequency ranges, conductivity, and a series of flexing to indicate the effectiveness of the thermal deposition technique. A single band antenna that is operated at 2.45 GHz intended for wearable and flexible applications was successfully fabricated through this method and tested. It is concluded that thermal deposition presents a feasible technique of producing such antennas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thermal%20deposition" title="Thermal deposition">Thermal deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wearable%20antennas" title=" wearable antennas"> wearable antennas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bluetooth%20technology" title=" Bluetooth technology"> Bluetooth technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=flexible%20electronics." title=" flexible electronics."> flexible electronics.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/fabrication-of-wearable-antennas-through-thermal-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">206</span> The Buffer Gas Influence Rate on Absolute Cu Atoms Density with regard to Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Sobhanian">S. Sobhanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Naghshara"> H. Naghshara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Sadeghi"> N. Sadeghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Khorram"> S. Khorram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The absolute Cu atoms density in Cu(2S1/2ÔåÉ2P1/2) ground state has been measured by Resonance Optical Absorption (ROA) technique in a DC magnetron sputtering deposition with argon. We measured these densities under variety of operation conditions: pressure from 0.6 μbar to 14 μbar, input power from 10W to 200W and N2 mixture from 0% to 100%. For measuring the gas temperature, we used the simulation of N2 rotational spectra with a special computer code. The absolute number density of Cu atoms decreases with increasing the N2 percentage of buffer gas at any conditions of this work. But the deposition rate, is not decreased with the same manner. The deposition rate variation is very small and in the limit of quartz balance measuring equipment accuracy. So we conclude that decrease in the absolute number density of Cu atoms in magnetron plasma has not a big effect on deposition rate, because the diffusion of Cu atoms to the chamber volume and deviation of Cu atoms from direct path (towards the substrate) decreases with increasing of N2 percentage of buffer gas. This is because of the lower mass of N2 atoms compared to the argon ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Deposition%20rate" title="Deposition rate">Deposition rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Resonance%20Optical%20Absorption" title=" Resonance Optical Absorption"> Resonance Optical Absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sputtering." title="Sputtering.">Sputtering.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/the-buffer-gas-influence-rate-on-absolute-cu-atoms-density-with-regard-to-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">205</span> Deposition of Transparent IGZO Conducting Thin Films by Co-Sputtering of Zn2Ga2O3 and In2O3 Targets at Room Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yu-Hsin%20Chen">Yu-Hsin Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yuan-Tai%20Hsieh"> Yuan-Tai Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cheng-Shong%20Hong"> Cheng-Shong Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chia-Ching%20Wu"> Chia-Ching Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cheng-Fu%20Yang"> Cheng-Fu Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yu-Jhen%20Liou"> Yu-Jhen Liou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this study, we investigated (In,Ga,Zn)O<sub>x</sub> (IGZO) thin films and examined their characteristics of using Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-2 ZnO (GZO) co-sputtered In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> prepared by dual target radio frequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature in a pure Ar atmosphere. RF powers of 80 W and 70 W were used for GZO and pure In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, room temperature (RT) was used as deposition temperature, and the deposition time was changed from 15 min to 60 min. Structural, surface, electrical, and optical properties of IGZO thin films were investigated as a function of deposition time. Furthermore, the GZO co-sputtered In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin films showed a very smooth and featureless surface and an amorphous structure regardless of the deposition time due to the room temperature sputtering process. We would show that the co-sputtered IGZO thin films exhibited transparent electrode properties with high transmittance ratio and low resistivity.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=IGZO" title="IGZO">IGZO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=co-sputter" title=" co-sputter"> co-sputter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ga2O3-2%20ZnO" title=" Ga2O3-2 ZnO"> Ga2O3-2 ZnO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=In2O3." title=" In2O3."> In2O3.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/deposition-of-transparent-igzo-conducting-thin-films-by-co-sputtering-of-zn2ga2o3-and-in2o3-targets-at-room-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">204</span> Facile Synthesis of Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanowires on Carbon Layer by Vapour Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kh.%20A.%20Abdullin">Kh. A. Abdullin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20B.%20Bakranov"> N. B. Bakranov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20E.%20Kudaibergenov"> S. E. Kudaibergenov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.E.%20Kumekov"> S.E. Kumekov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20N.%20Ermolaev"> V. N. Ermolaev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20V.%20Podrezova">L. V. Podrezova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A facile vapour deposition method of synthesis of vertically aligned ZnO nanowires on carbon seed layer was developed. The received samples were investigated on electronic microscope JSM-6490 LA JEOL and x-ray diffractometer X, pert MPD PRO. The photoluminescence spectra (PL) of obtained ZnO samples at a room temperature were studied using He-Cd laser (325 nm line) as excitation source.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ZnO%20nanowires" title="ZnO nanowires">ZnO nanowires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vapor-phase%20deposition" title=" vapor-phase deposition"> vapor-phase deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nicatalytic%20layer" title=" Nicatalytic layer"> Nicatalytic layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=facile%20method%20of%20synthesis" title=" facile method of synthesis"> facile method of synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carbon%20catalytic%20layer" title=" carbon catalytic layer"> carbon catalytic layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thephotoluminescence%20spectra" title=" thephotoluminescence spectra"> thephotoluminescence spectra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=X-ray%20spectrum." title=" X-ray spectrum."> X-ray spectrum.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/facile-synthesis-of-vertically-aligned-zno-nanowires-on-carbon-layer-by-vapour-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">203</span> Metal Inert Gas Welding-Based-Shaped Metal Deposition in Additive Layered Manufacturing: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adnan%20A.%20Ugla">Adnan A. Ugla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hassan%20J.%20Khaudair"> Hassan J. Khaudair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20R.%20J.%20Almusawi"> Ahmed R. J. Almusawi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Shaped Metal Deposition (SMD) in additive layered manufacturing technique is a promising alternative to traditional manufacturing used for manufacturing large, expensive metal components with complex geometry in addition to producing free structures by building materials in a layer by layer technique. The present paper is a comprehensive review of the literature and the latest rapid manufacturing technologies of the SMD technique. The aim of this paper is to comprehensively review the most prominent facts that researchers have dealt with in the SMD techniques especially those associated with the cold wire feed. The intent of this study is to review the literature presented on metal deposition processes and their classifications, including SMD process using Wire <strong><span dir="RTL">+</span></strong> Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) which divides into wire + tungsten inert gas (TIG), metal inert gas (MIG), or plasma. This literary research presented covers extensive details on bead geometry, process parameters and heat input or arc energy resulting from the deposition process in both cases MIG and Tandem-MIG in SMD process. Furthermore, SMD may be done using Single Wire-MIG (SW-MIG) welding and SMD using Double Wire-MIG (DW-MIG) welding. The present review shows that the method of deposition of metals when using the DW-MIG process can be considered a distinctive and low-cost method to produce large metal components due to high deposition rates as well as reduce the input of high temperature generated during deposition and reduce the distortions. However, the accuracy and surface finish of the MIG-SMD are less as compared to electron and laser beam.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shaped%20metal%20deposition" title="Shaped metal deposition">Shaped metal deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title=" additive manufacturing"> additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=double-wire%20feed" title=" double-wire feed"> double-wire feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cold%20feed%20wire." title=" cold feed wire. "> cold feed wire. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/metal-inert-gas-welding-based-shaped-metal-deposition-in-additive-layered-manufacturing-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">202</span> RBS Characteristic of Cd1−xZnxS Thin Film Fabricated by Vacuum Deposition Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Dahbi">N. Dahbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D-E.%20Arafah"> D-E. Arafah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Cd<sub>1−<em>x</em></sub>Zn<em><sub>x</sub></em>S thins films have been fabricated from ZnS/CdS/ZnS multilayer thin film systems, by using the vacuum deposition method; the Rutherford backscattering (RBS) technique have been applied in order to determine the: structure, composition, depth profile, and stoichiometric of these films. The influence of the chemical and heat treatments on the produced films also have been investigated; the RBS spectra of the films showed that homogenous Cd<sub>1−<em>x</em></sub>Zn<em><sub>x</sub></em>S can be synthesized with x=0.45.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cd1%E2%88%92xZnxS" title="Cd1−xZnxS">Cd1−xZnxS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chemical%20treatment" title=" chemical treatment"> chemical treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=depth%20profile" title=" depth profile"> depth profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heat%20treatment" title=" heat treatment"> heat treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RBS" title=" RBS"> RBS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RUMP%20simulation" title=" RUMP simulation"> RUMP simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thin%20film" title=" thin film"> thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vacuum%20deposition" title=" vacuum deposition"> vacuum deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ZnS%2FCdS%2FZnS." title=" ZnS/CdS/ZnS. "> ZnS/CdS/ZnS. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/rbs-characteristic-of-cd1xznxs-thin-film-fabricated-by-vacuum-deposition-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1738</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">201</span> Improved p-Xylene Selectivity of n-Pentane Aromatization over Silylated Ga-exchanged HZSM- 5 Catalysts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tunchanok%20Nitipan">Tunchanok Nitipan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siriporn%20Jongpatiwut"> Siriporn Jongpatiwut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thirasak%20Rirksomboon"> Thirasak Rirksomboon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Boonyarach%20Kitiyanan"> Boonyarach Kitiyanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tivaporn%20Apphakvan"> Tivaporn Apphakvan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this study, the conversion of n-pentane to aromatics is investigated on HZSM-5 zeolites modified by Ga ion-exchange and silylation using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) via chemical liquid deposition (CLD). The effect of SiO2/Al2O3 ratios of HZSM-5 was also studied. Parameters in preparing catalysts i.e. TEOS loading and cycles of deposition were varied to obtain the optimal condition for enhancing p-xylene selectivity. The highest p-xylene selectivity 99.7% was achieved when the amount of TEOS was 20 vol.%.The catalysts were characterized by TPD, TPO, XRF, and BET. Results show that the conversion of n-pentane was influenced remarkably by the SiO2/Al2O3 ratios of HZSM-5. The highest p-xylene selectivity 99.7% was achieved when the amount of TEOS was 20 vol.%. And cycles of deposition greatly improves HZSM-5 shape-selectivity.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aromatization" title="Aromatization">Aromatization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chemical%20Liquid%20Deposition%20%28CLD%29" title=" Chemical Liquid Deposition (CLD)"> Chemical Liquid Deposition (CLD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=p-Xylene" title=" p-Xylene"> p-Xylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ZSM-5%20Zeolite" title=" ZSM-5 Zeolite"> ZSM-5 Zeolite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/improved-p-xylene-selectivity-of-n-pentane-aromatization-over-silylated-ga-exchanged-hzsm-5-catalysts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1690</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">200</span> Thermophoretic Deposition of Nanoparticles Due Toa Permeable Rotating Disk: Effects of Partial Slip, Magnetic Field, Thermal Radiation, Thermal-Diffusion, and Diffusion-Thermo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20M.%20Rahman">M. M. Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present contribution deals with the thermophoretic deposition of nanoparticles over a rapidly rotating permeable disk in the presence of partial slip, magnetic field, thermal radiation, thermal-diffusion, and diffusion-thermo effects. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations such as continuity, momentum, energy and concentration are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity analysis, and the solutions are obtained through the very efficient computer algebra software MATLAB. Graphical results for non-dimensional concentration and temperature profiles including thermophoretic deposition velocity and Stanton number (thermophoretic deposition flux) in tabular forms are presented for a range of values of the parameters characterizing the flow field. It is observed that slip mechanism, thermal-diffusion, diffusion-thermo, magnetic field and radiation significantly control the thermophoretic particles deposition rate. The obtained results may be useful to many industrial and engineering applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Boundary%20layer%20flows" title="Boundary layer flows">Boundary layer flows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=convection" title=" convection"> convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=diffusion-thermo" title=" diffusion-thermo"> diffusion-thermo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rotating%20disk" title="rotating disk">rotating disk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal-diffusion" title=" thermal-diffusion"> thermal-diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermophoresis." title=" thermophoresis."> thermophoresis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3791/thermophoretic-deposition-of-nanoparticles-due-toa-permeable-rotating-disk-effects-of-partial-slip-magnetic-field-thermal-radiation-thermal-diffusion-and-diffusion-thermo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3791/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3791/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3791/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3791/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3791/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3791/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3791/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3791/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3791/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3791/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3791.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1996</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">199</span> Field Emission Properties of Multi-wall Carbon Nanotube Field Emitters using Graphite Tip by Electroporetic Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gui%20Sob%20Byun">Gui Sob Byun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yang%20Doo%20Lee"> Yang Doo Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kyong%20Soo%20Lee"> Kyong Soo Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Keun%20Soo%20Lee"> Keun Soo Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sun-Woo%20Park"> Sun-Woo Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Byeong%20Kwon%20Ju"> Byeong Kwon Ju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We fabricated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MCNT) emitters by an electroporetic deposition (EPD) method using a MCNT-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) suspension. MCNT films were prepared on graphite tip using EPD. We observe field emission properties of MCNT film after heat treatment. Consequently, The MCNT film on graphite tip exhibit good electron emission current. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Field%20emission" title="Field emission">Field emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi-wall%20carbon-nanotube%20%28MCNT%29" title=" Multi-wall carbon-nanotube (MCNT)"> Multi-wall carbon-nanotube (MCNT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Electrophoretic%20deposition%20%28EPD%29" title=" Electrophoretic deposition (EPD)"> Electrophoretic deposition (EPD)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1688/field-emission-properties-of-multi-wall-carbon-nanotube-field-emitters-using-graphite-tip-by-electroporetic-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1688/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1688/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1688/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1688/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1688/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1688/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1688/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1688/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1688/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1688/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1688.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">198</span> Approximation of PE-MOCVD to ALD for TiN Concerning Resistivity and Chemical Composition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Geringswald">D. Geringswald</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Hintze"> B. Hintze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The miniaturization of circuits is advancing. During chip manufacturing, structures are filled for example by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Since this process reaches its limits in case of very high aspect ratios, the use of alternatives such as the atomic layer deposition (ALD) is possible, requiring the extension of existing coating systems. However, it is an unsolved question to what extent MOCVD can achieve results similar as an ALD process. In this context, this work addresses the characterization of a metal organic vapor deposition of titanium nitride. Based on the current state of the art, the film properties coating thickness, sheet resistance, resistivity, stress and chemical composition are considered. The used setting parameters are temperature, plasma gas ratio, plasma power, plasma treatment time, deposition time, deposition pressure, number of cycles and TDMAT flow. The derived process instructions for unstructured wafers and inside a structure with high aspect ratio include lowering the process temperature and increasing the number of cycles, the deposition and the plasma treatment time as well as the plasma gas ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen (H<sub>2</sub>:N<sub>2</sub>). In contrast to the current process configuration, the deposited titanium nitride (TiN) layer is more uniform inside the entire test structure. Consequently, this paper provides approaches to employ the MOCVD for structures with increasing aspect ratios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ALD" title="ALD">ALD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=high%20aspect%20ratio" title=" high aspect ratio"> high aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PE-MOCVD" title=" PE-MOCVD"> PE-MOCVD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=TiN." title=" TiN."> TiN.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005460/approximation-of-pe-mocvd-to-ald-for-tin-concerning-resistivity-and-chemical-composition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005460/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005460/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005460/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005460/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005460/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005460/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005460/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005460/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005460/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005460/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">197</span> Electrochemical Performance of Carbon Nanotube Based Supercapacitor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jafar%20Khan%20Kasi">Jafar Khan Kasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ajab%20Khan%20Kasi"> Ajab Khan Kasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muzamil%20Bokhari"> Muzamil Bokhari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Carbon nanotube is one of the most attractive materials for the potential applications of nanotechnology due to its excellent mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties. In this paper we report a supercapacitor made of nickel foil electrodes, coated with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) thin film using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. Chemical vapor deposition method was used for the growth of MWCNTs and ethanol was used as a hydrocarbon source. High graphitic multiwall carbon nanotube was found at 750oC analyzing by Raman spectroscopy. We observed the electrochemical performance of supercapacitor by cyclic voltammetry. The electrodes of supercapacitor fabricated from MWCNTs exhibit considerably small equivalent series resistance (ESR), and a high specific power density. Electrophoretic deposition is an easy method in fabricating MWCNT electrodes for high performance supercapacitor.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon%20nanotube" title="Carbon nanotube">Carbon nanotube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chemical%20vapor%20deposition" title=" chemical vapor deposition"> chemical vapor deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=charge" title=" charge"> charge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cyclic%20voltammetry." title=" cyclic voltammetry."> cyclic voltammetry.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000176/electrochemical-performance-of-carbon-nanotube-based-supercapacitor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000176/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000176/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000176/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000176/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000176/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000176/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000176/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000176/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000176/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000176/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">196</span> Nano Effects of Nitrogen Ion Implantation on TiN Hard Coatings Deposited by PVD and IBAD</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Branko%20Skoric">Branko Skoric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aleksandar%20Miletic"> Aleksandar Miletic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pal%20Terek"> Pal Terek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lazar%20Kovacevic"> Lazar Kovacevic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Milan%20Kukuruzovic"> Milan Kukuruzovic </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present the results of a study of TiN thin films which are deposited by a Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) and Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD). In the present investigation the subsequent ion implantation was provided with N<sup>5+</sup> ions. The ion implantation was applied to enhance the mechanical properties of surface. The thin film deposition process exerts a number of effects such as crystallographic orientation, morphology, topography, densification of the films. A variety of analytic techniques were used for characterization, such as scratch test, calo test, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Steel" title="Steel">Steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=coating" title=" coating"> coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=super%20hard" title=" super hard"> super hard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ion%20implantation" title=" ion implantation"> ion implantation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nanohardness." title=" nanohardness."> nanohardness.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003996/nano-effects-of-nitrogen-ion-implantation-on-tin-hard-coatings-deposited-by-pvd-and-ibad" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003996/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003996/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003996/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003996/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003996/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003996/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003996/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003996/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003996/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003996/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003996.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">195</span> Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Heavy Paraffin Dehydrogenation Reactor for Selective Olefin Production in Linear Alkyl Benzene Production Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Zahedi">G. Zahedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Yaghoobi"> H. Yaghoobi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modeling of a heterogeneous industrial fixed bed reactor for selective dehydrogenation of heavy paraffin with Pt-Sn- Al2O3 catalyst has been the subject of current study. By applying mass balance, momentum balance for appropriate element of reactor and using pressure drop, rate and deactivation equations, a detailed model of the reactor has been obtained. Mass balance equations have been written for five different components. In order to estimate reactor production by the passage of time, the reactor model which is a set of partial differential equations, ordinary differential equations and algebraic equations has been solved numerically. Paraffins, olefins, dienes, aromatics and hydrogen mole percent as a function of time and reactor radius have been found by numerical solution of the model. Results of model have been compared with industrial reactor data at different operation times. The comparison successfully confirms validity of proposed model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dehydrogenation" title="Dehydrogenation">Dehydrogenation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fixed%20bed%20reactor" title=" fixed bed reactor"> fixed bed reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=linear%20alkyl%20benzene." title=" linear alkyl benzene."> linear alkyl benzene.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4941/dynamic-modeling-and-simulation-of-heavy-paraffin-dehydrogenation-reactor-for-selective-olefin-production-in-linear-alkyl-benzene-production-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4941/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4941/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4941/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4941/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4941/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4941/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4941/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4941/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4941/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4941/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3028</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">194</span> Characterization of a Pure Diamond-Like Carbon Film Deposited by Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Camilla%20G.%20Goncalves">Camilla G. Goncalves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Benedito%20Christ"> Benedito Christ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Walter%20Miyakawa"> Walter Miyakawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Antonio%20J.%20Abdalla"> Antonio J. Abdalla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This work aims to investigate the properties and microstructure of diamond-like carbon film deposited by pulsed laser deposition by ablation of a graphite target in a vacuum chamber on a steel substrate. The equipment was mounted to provide one laser beam. The target of high purity graphite and the steel substrate were polished. The mechanical and tribological properties of the film were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, nanoindentation test, scratch test, roughness profile, tribometer, optical microscopy and SEM images. It was concluded that the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique associated with the low-pressure chamber and a graphite target provides a good fraction of sp3 bonding, that the process variable as surface polishing and laser parameter have great influence in tribological properties and in adherence tests performance. The optical microscopy images are efficient to identify the metallurgical bond.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Characterization" title="Characterization">Characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=diamond-like%20carbon" title=" diamond-like carbon"> diamond-like carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DLC" title=" DLC"> DLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pulsed%20laser%20deposition." title=" pulsed laser deposition."> pulsed laser deposition.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010900/characterization-of-a-pure-diamond-like-carbon-film-deposited-by-nanosecond-pulsed-laser-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010900/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010900/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010900/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010900/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010900/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010900/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010900/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010900/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010900/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010900/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010900.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">705</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">193</span> Simulation of a Multi-Component Transport Model for the Chemical Reaction of a CVD-Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Geiser">J. Geiser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20R%C3%B6hle"> R. Röhle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper we present discretization and decomposition methods for a multi-component transport model of a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. CVD processes are used to manufacture deposition layers or bulk materials. In our transport model we simulate the deposition of thin layers. The microscopic model is based on the heavy particles, which are derived by approximately solving a linearized multicomponent Boltzmann equation. For the drift-process of the particles we propose diffusionreaction equations as well as for the effects of heat conduction. We concentrate on solving the diffusion-reaction equation with analytical and numerical methods. For the chemical processes, modelled with reaction equations, we propose decomposition methods and decouple the multi-component models to simpler systems of differential equations. In the numerical experiments we present the computational results of our proposed models.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chemical%20reactions" title="Chemical reactions">Chemical reactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chemical%20vapor%20deposition" title=" chemical vapor deposition"> chemical vapor deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=convection-diffusion-reaction%20equations" title=" convection-diffusion-reaction equations"> convection-diffusion-reaction equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=decomposition%20methods" title=" decomposition methods"> decomposition methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multi-component%20transport." title=" multi-component transport."> multi-component transport.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/simulation-of-a-multi-component-transport-model-for-the-chemical-reaction-of-a-cvd-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">192</span> Surface Roughness Analysis, Modelling and Prediction in Fused Deposition Modelling Additive Manufacturing Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yusuf%20S.%20Dambatta">Yusuf S. Dambatta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20D.%20Sarhan"> Ahmed A. D. Sarhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the most prominent rapid prototyping (RP) technologies which is being used to efficiently fabricate CAD 3D geometric models. However, the process is coupled with many drawbacks, of which the surface quality of the manufactured RP parts is among. Hence, studies relating to improving the surface roughness have been a key issue in the field of RP research. In this work, a technique of modelling the surface roughness in FDM is presented. Using experimentally measured surface roughness response of the FDM parts, an ANFIS prediction model was developed to obtain the surface roughness in the FDM parts using the main critical process parameters that affects the surface quality. The ANFIS model was validated and compared with experimental test results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Surface%20roughness" title="Surface roughness">Surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fused%20deposition%20modelling" title=" fused deposition modelling"> fused deposition modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=adaptive%20neuro%20fuzzy%20inference%20system" title=" adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system"> adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ANFIS" title=" ANFIS"> ANFIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=orientation." title=" orientation."> orientation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/surface-roughness-analysis-modelling-and-prediction-in-fused-deposition-modelling-additive-manufacturing-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1902</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">191</span> Energetic Considerations for Sputter Deposition Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dirk%20Hegemann">Dirk Hegemann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Martin%20Amberg"> Martin Amberg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Sputter deposition processes, especially for sputtering from metal targets, are well investigated. For practical reasons, i.e. for industrial processes, energetic considerations for sputter deposition are useful in order to optimize the sputtering process. In particular, for substrates at floating conditions it is required to obtain energetic conditions during film growth that enables sufficient dense metal films of good quality. The influence of ion energies, energy density and momentum transfer is thus examined both for sputtering at the target as well as during film growth. Different regimes dominated by ion energy, energy density and momentum transfer were identified by using different plasma sources and by varying power input, pressure and bias voltage.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Energy%20density" title="Energy density">Energy density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=film%20growth" title=" film growth"> film growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=momentum%20transfer" title=" momentum transfer"> momentum transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sputtering." title=" sputtering."> sputtering.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16460/energetic-considerations-for-sputter-deposition-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16460/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16460/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16460/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16460/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16460/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16460/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16460/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16460/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16460/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16460/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">190</span> A Rapid and Cost-Effective Approach to Manufacturing Modeling Platform for Fused Deposition Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chil-Chyuan%20Kuo">Chil-Chyuan Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chen-Hsuan%20Tsai"> Chen-Hsuan Tsai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study presents a cost-effective approach for rapid fabricating modeling platforms utilized in fused deposition modeling system. A small-batch production of modeling platforms about 20 pieces can be obtained economically through silicone rubber mold using vacuum casting without applying the plastic injection molding. The air venting systems is crucial for fabricating modeling platform using vacuum casting. Modeling platforms fabricated can be used for building rapid prototyping model after sandblasting. This study offers industrial value because it has both time-effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vacuum%20casting" title="Vacuum casting">Vacuum casting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fused%20deposition%20modeling" title=" fused deposition modeling"> fused deposition modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=modeling%20platform" title=" modeling platform"> modeling platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sandblasting" title=" sandblasting"> sandblasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=surface%20roughness." title=" surface roughness."> surface roughness.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/a-rapid-and-cost-effective-approach-to-manufacturing-modeling-platform-for-fused-deposition-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">189</span> Modeling the Effect of Scale Deposition on Heat Transfer in Desalination Multi-Effect Distillation Evaporators </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Bourouni">K. Bourouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Chacha"> M. Chacha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Jaber"> T. Jaber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Tchantchane"> A. Tchantchane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) desalination evaporators, the scale deposit outside the tubes presents a barrier to heat transfers reducing the global heat transfer coefficient and causing a decrease in water production; hence a loss of efficiency and an increase in operating and maintenance costs. Scale removal (by acid cleaning) is the main maintenance operation and constitutes the major reason for periodic plant shutdowns. A better understanding of scale deposition mechanisms will lead to an accurate determination of the variation of scale thickness around the tubes and an improved accuracy of the overall heat transfer coefficient calculation. In this paper, a coupled heat transfer-calcium carbonate scale deposition model on a horizontal tube bundle is presented. The developed tool is used to determine precisely the heat transfer area leading to a significant cost reduction for a given water production capacity. Simulations are carried to investigate the influence of different parameters such as water salinity, temperature, etc. on the heat transfer.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi-effect-evaporator" title="Multi-effect-evaporator">Multi-effect-evaporator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=water%20desalination" title=" water desalination"> water desalination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=scale%20deposition" title=" scale deposition"> scale deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heat%20transfer%20coefficient." title=" heat transfer coefficient."> heat transfer coefficient.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011639/modeling-the-effect-of-scale-deposition-on-heat-transfer-in-desalination-multi-effect-distillation-evaporators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011639/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011639/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011639/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011639/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011639/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011639/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011639/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011639/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011639/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011639/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011639.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">594</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">188</span> Optical and Structural Properties of a ZnS Buffer Layer Fabricated with Deposition Temperature of RF Magnetron Sputtering System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Won%20Song">Won Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bo-Ra%20Koo"> Bo-Ra Koo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seok%20Eui%20Choi"> Seok Eui Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yong-Taeg%20Oh"> Yong-Taeg Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dong-Chan%20Shin"> Dong-Chan Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optical properties of sputter-deposited ZnS thin films were investigated as potential replacements for CBD(chemical bath deposition) CdS buffer layers in the application of CIGS solar cells. ZnS thin films were fabricated on glass substrates at RT, 150oC, 200oC, and 250oC with 50 sccm Ar gas using an RF magnetron sputtering system. The crystal structure of the thin film is found to be zinc blende (cubic) structure. Lattice parameter of ZnS is slightly larger than CdS on the plane and thus better matched with that of CIGS. Within a 400-800 nm wavelength region, the average transmittance was larger than 75%. When the deposition temperature of the thin film was increased, the blue shift phenomenon was enhanced. Band gap energy of the ZnS thin film tended to increase as the deposition temperature increased. ZnS thin film is a promising material system for the CIGS buffer layer, in terms of ease of processing, low cost, environmental friendliness, higher transparency, and electrical properties <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ZnS%20thin%20film" title="ZnS thin film">ZnS thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Buffer%20layer" title=" Buffer layer"> Buffer layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CIGS" title=" CIGS"> CIGS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solar%20cell." title=" Solar cell."> Solar cell.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10172/optical-and-structural-properties-of-a-zns-buffer-layer-fabricated-with-deposition-temperature-of-rf-magnetron-sputtering-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10172/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10172/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10172/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10172/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10172/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10172/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10172/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10172/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10172/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10172/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">187</span> Evaluation of the Environmental Risk from the Co-Deposition of Waste Rock Material and Fly Ash</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Mavrikos">A. Mavrikos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Petsas"> N. Petsas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Kaltsi"> E. Kaltsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Kaliampakos"> D. Kaliampakos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The lignite-fired power plants in the Western Macedonia Lignite Center produce more than 8<img height="8" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\PC1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="6" />10<sup>6</sup> t of fly ash per year. Approximately 90% of this quantity is used for restoration-reclamation of exhausted open-cast lignite mines and slope stabilization of the overburden. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the environmental behavior of the mixture of waste rock and fly ash that is being used in the external deposition site of the South Field lignite mine. For this reason, a borehole was made within the site and 86 samples were taken and subjected to chemical analyses and leaching tests. The results showed very limited leaching of trace elements and heavy metals from this mixture. Moreover, when compared to the limit values set for waste acceptable in inert waste landfills, only few excesses were observed, indicating only minor risk for groundwater pollution. However, due to the complexity of both the leaching process and the contaminant pathway, more boreholes and analyses should be made in nearby locations and a systematic groundwater monitoring program should be implemented both downstream and within the external deposition site.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Co-deposition" title="Co-deposition">Co-deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=leaching%20tests" title=" leaching tests"> leaching tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lignite" title=" lignite"> lignite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=waste%20rock." title=" waste rock."> waste rock.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998419/evaluation-of-the-environmental-risk-from-the-co-deposition-of-waste-rock-material-and-fly-ash" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998419/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998419/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998419/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998419/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998419/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998419/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998419/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998419/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998419/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998419/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998419.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1893</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">186</span> Control of the Thermal Evaporation of Organic Semiconductors via Exact Linearization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Martin%20Steinberger">Martin Steinberger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Martin%20Horn"> Martin Horn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this article, a high vacuum system for the evaporation of organic semiconductors is introduced and a mathematical model is given. Based on the exact input output linearization a deposition rate controller is designed and tested with different evaporation materials.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Effusion%20cell" title="Effusion cell">Effusion cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=organic%20semiconductors" title=" organic semiconductors"> organic semiconductors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=deposition%20rate" title=" deposition rate"> deposition rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=exact%20linearization." title=" exact linearization."> exact linearization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6327/control-of-the-thermal-evaporation-of-organic-semiconductors-via-exact-linearization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6327/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6327/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6327/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6327/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6327/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6327/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6327/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6327/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6327/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6327/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6327.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">185</span> Deposition Rate and Energy Enhancements of TiN Thin-Film in a Magnetized Sheet Plasma Source</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hamdi%20Muhyuddin%20D.%20Barra">Hamdi Muhyuddin D. Barra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Henry%20J.%20Ramos"> Henry J. Ramos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Titanium nitride (TiN) has been synthesized using the sheet plasma negative ion source (SPNIS). The parameters used for its effective synthesis has been determined from previous experiments and studies. In this study, further enhancement of the deposition rate of TiN synthesis and advancement of the SPNIS operation is presented. This is primarily achieved by the addition of Sm-Co permanent magnets and a modification of the configuration in the TiN deposition process. The magnetic enhancement is aimed at optimizing the sputtering rate and the sputtering yield of the process. The Sm-Co permanent magnets are placed below the Ti target for better sputtering by argon. The Ti target is biased from –250V to – 350V and is sputtered by Ar plasma produced at discharge current of 2.5–4A and discharge potential of 60–90V. Steel substrates of dimensions 20x20x0.5mm3 were prepared with N2:Ar volumetric ratios of 1:3, 1:5 and 1:10. Ocular inspection of samples exhibit bright gold color associated with TiN. XRD characterization confirmed the effective TiN synthesis as all samples exhibit the (200) and (311) peaks of TiN and the non-stoichiometric Ti2N (220) facet. Cross-sectional SEM results showed increase in the TiN deposition rate of up to 0.35μm/min. This doubles what was previously obtained [1]. Scanning electron micrograph results give a comparative morphological picture of the samples. Vickers hardness results gave the largest hardness value of 21.094GPa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chemical%20vapor%20deposition" title="Chemical vapor deposition">Chemical vapor deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Magnetized%20sheetplasma" title=" Magnetized sheetplasma"> Magnetized sheetplasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thin-film%20synthesis" title=" Thin-film synthesis"> Thin-film synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Titanium%20nitride." title=" Titanium nitride."> Titanium nitride.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5984/deposition-rate-and-energy-enhancements-of-tin-thin-film-in-a-magnetized-sheet-plasma-source" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5984/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5984/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5984/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5984/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5984/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5984/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5984/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5984/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5984/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5984/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1665</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">184</span> Morphology Study of Inverted Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells in Sequential Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asmat%20Nawaz">Asmat Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20Koray%20Erdinc"> Ali Koray Erdinc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Burak%20Gultekin"> Burak Gultekin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Tayyib"> Muhammad Tayyib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ceylan%20Zafer"> Ceylan Zafer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kaiying%20Wang"> Kaiying Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Nadeem%20Akram"> M. Nadeem Akram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a sequential deposition process is used for the fabrication of PEDOT: PSS based inverted planar perovskite solar cell. A small amount of additive deionized water (DI-H<sub>2</sub>O) was added into PbI<sub>2</sub> + Dimethyl formamide (DMF) precursor solution in order to increase the solubility of PbI<sub>2</sub> in DMF, and finally to manipulate the surface morphology of the perovskite films. A morphology transition from needle like structure to hexagonal plates, and then needle-like again has been observed as the DI-H2O was added continuously (0.0 wt% to 3.0wt%). The latter one leads to full surface coverage of the perovskite, which is essential for high performance solar cell. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Charge%20carrier%20diffusion%20lengths" title="Charge carrier diffusion lengths">Charge carrier diffusion lengths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=methylamonium%20lead%20iodide" title=" methylamonium lead iodide"> methylamonium lead iodide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=precursor%20composition" title=" precursor composition"> precursor composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=perovskite%20solar%20cell" title=" perovskite solar cell"> perovskite solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sequential%20deposition." title=" sequential deposition."> sequential deposition.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005131/morphology-study-of-inverted-planar-heterojunction-perovskite-solar-cells-in-sequential-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005131/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005131/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005131/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005131/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005131/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005131/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005131/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005131/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005131/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005131/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1677</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">183</span> Effect of Scanning Speed on Material Efficiency of Laser Metal Deposited Ti6Al4V</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Esther%20T.%20Akinlabi">Esther T. Akinlabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rasheedat%20M.%20Mahamood"> Rasheedat M. Mahamood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mukul%20Shukla"> Mukul Shukla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sisa.%20Pityana"> Sisa. Pityana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of effect of laser scanning speed on material efficiency in Ti6Al4V application is very important because unspent powder is not reusable because of high temperature oxygen pick-up and contamination. This study carried out an extensive study on the effect of scanning speed on material efficiency by varying the speed between 0.01 to 0.1m/sec. The samples are wire brushed and cleaned with acetone after each deposition to remove un-melted particles from the surface of the deposit. The substrate is weighed before and after deposition. A formula was developed to calculate the material efficiency and the scanning speed was compared with the powder efficiency obtained. The results are presented and discussed. The study revealed that the optimum scanning speed exists for this study at 0.01m/sec, above and below which the powder efficiency will drop <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Additive%20Manufacturing" title="Additive Manufacturing">Additive Manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Laser%20Metal%20Deposition%20Process" title=" Laser Metal Deposition Process"> Laser Metal Deposition Process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Material%20efficiency" title=" Material efficiency"> Material efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Processing%20Parameter" title=" Processing Parameter"> Processing Parameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Titanium%20alloy." title=" Titanium alloy."> Titanium alloy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5599/effect-of-scanning-speed-on-material-efficiency-of-laser-metal-deposited-ti6al4v" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5599/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5599/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5599/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5599/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5599/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5599/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5599/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5599/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5599/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5599/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">182</span> Influence of Thermo-fluid-dynamic Parameters on Fluidics in an Expanding Thermal Plasma Deposition Chamber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Zuppardi">G. Zuppardi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Romano"> F. Romano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Technology of thin film deposition is of interest in many engineering fields, from electronic manufacturing to corrosion protective coating. A typical deposition process, like that developed at the University of Eindhoven, considers the deposition of a thin, amorphous film of C:H or of Si:H on the substrate, using the Expanding Thermal arc Plasma technique. In this paper a computing procedure is proposed to simulate the flow field in a deposition chamber similar to that at the University of Eindhoven and a sensitivity analysis is carried out in terms of: precursor mass flow rate, electrical power, supplied to the torch and fluid-dynamic characteristics of the plasma jet, using different nozzles. To this purpose a deposition chamber similar in shape, dimensions and operating parameters to the above mentioned chamber is considered. Furthermore, a method is proposed for a very preliminary evaluation of the film thickness distribution on the substrate. The computing procedure relies on two codes working in tandem; the output from the first code is the input to the second one. The first code simulates the flow field in the torch, where Argon is ionized according to the Saha-s equation, and in the nozzle. The second code simulates the flow field in the chamber. Due to high rarefaction level, this is a (commercial) Direct Simulation Monte Carlo code. Gas is a mixture of 21 chemical species and 24 chemical reactions from Argon plasma and Acetylene are implemented in both codes. The effects of the above mentioned operating parameters are evaluated and discussed by 2-D maps and profiles of some important thermo-fluid-dynamic parameters, as per Mach number, velocity and temperature. Intensity, position and extension of the shock wave are evaluated and the influence of the above mentioned test conditions on the film thickness and uniformity of distribution are also evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Deposition%20chamber" title="Deposition chamber">Deposition chamber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Direct%20Simulation%20Mote%20Carlo%0Amethod%20%28DSMC%29" title=" Direct Simulation Mote Carlo method (DSMC)"> Direct Simulation Mote Carlo method (DSMC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Plasma%20chemistry" title=" Plasma chemistry"> Plasma chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rarefied%20gas%20dynamics." title=" Rarefied gas dynamics."> Rarefied gas dynamics.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9457/influence-of-thermo-fluid-dynamic-parameters-on-fluidics-in-an-expanding-thermal-plasma-deposition-chamber" class="btn 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