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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Hebrews 1:13 Yet to which of the angels did God ever say: "Sit at My right hand until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet"?</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/hebrews/1-13.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/8/58_Heb_01_13.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Hebrews 1:13 - The Supremacy of the Son" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="Yet to which of the angels did God ever say: Sit at My right hand until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet?" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script> <script src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/biblehub.js' type='text/javascript'></script></head><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/vmenus/hebrews/1-13.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="/bmc/hebrews/1-13.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/hebrews/">Hebrews</a> > <a href="/hebrews/1.htm">Chapter 1</a> > Verse 13</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div><div id="ad1"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/ad1.htm" width="100%" height="48" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/hebrews/1-12.htm" title="Hebrews 1:12">◄</a> Hebrews 1:13 <a href="/hebrews/1-14.htm" title="Hebrews 1:14">►</a></div></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse"> <a href="#study" class="clickchap2" title="Context and Study Bible"> Audio </a> <a href="#crossref" class="clickchap2" title="Cross References"> Crossref </a> <a href="#commentary" class="clickchap2" title="Commentary"> Comment </a> <a href="#lexicon" class="clickchap2" title="Lexicon"> Greek </a> </div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheadingv">Verse<a href="/bsb/hebrews/1.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><a href="/niv/hebrews/1.htm">New International Version</a> To which of the angels did God ever say, &#8220Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet"? <a href="/nlt/hebrews/1.htm">New Living Translation</a> And God never said to any of the angels, “Sit in the place of honor at my right hand until I humble your enemies, making them a footstool under your feet.” <a href="/esv/hebrews/1.htm">English Standard Version</a> And to which of the angels has he ever said, “Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet”? <a href="/bsb/hebrews/1.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> Yet to which of the angels did God ever say: “Sit at My right hand until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet”? <a href="/blb/hebrews/1.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> Now to which of the angels did He ever say: "Sit at My right hand, until I may place Your enemies as a footstool for Your feet"? <a href="/kjv/hebrews/1.htm">King James Bible</a> But to which of the angels said he at any time, Sit on my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool? <a href="/nkjv/hebrews/1.htm">New King James Version</a> But to which of the angels has He ever said: “Sit at My right hand, Till I make Your enemies Your footstool”? <a href="/nasb_/hebrews/1.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> But to which of the angels has He ever said, “SIT AT MY RIGHT HAND, UNTIL I MAKE YOUR ENEMIES A FOOTSTOOL FOR YOUR FEET”? <a href="/nasb/hebrews/1.htm">NASB 1995</a> But to which of the angels has He ever said, &#8220SIT AT MY RIGHT HAND, UNTIL I MAKE YOUR ENEMIES A FOOTSTOOL FOR YOUR FEET &#8220? <a href="/nasb77/hebrews/1.htm">NASB 1977 </a> But to which of the angels has He ever said, “SIT AT MY RIGHT HAND, UNTIL I MAKE THINE ENEMIES A FOOTSTOOL FOR THY FEET”? <a href="/lsb/hebrews/1.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> But to which of the angels has He ever said, “SIT AT MY RIGHT HAND, UNTIL I PUT YOUR ENEMIES AS A FOOTSTOOL FOR YOUR FEET”? <a href="/amp/hebrews/1.htm">Amplified Bible</a> But to which of the angels has the Father ever said, “SIT AT MY RIGHT HAND [together with me in royal dignity], UNTIL I MAKE YOUR ENEMIES A FOOTSTOOL FOR YOUR FEET [in triumphant conquest]”? <a href="/csb/hebrews/1.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> Now to which of the angels has he ever said: Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies your footstool? <a href="/hcsb/hebrews/1.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> Now to which of the angels has He ever said: Sit at My right hand until I make Your enemies Your footstool? <a href="/asv/hebrews/1.htm">American Standard Version</a> But of which of the angels hath he said at any time, Sit thou on my right hand, Till I make thine enemies the footstool of thy feet? <a href="/cev/hebrews/1.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> God never said to any of the angels, "Sit at my right side until I make your enemies into a footstool for you!" <a href="/erv/hebrews/1.htm">English Revised Version</a> But of which of the angels hath he said at any time, Sit thou on my right hand, Till I make thine enemies the footstool of thy feet? <a href="/gwt/hebrews/1.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> But God never said to any of the angels, "Sit in the highest position in heaven until I make your enemies your footstool." <a href="/gnt/hebrews/1.htm">Good News Translation</a> God never said to any of his angels: "Sit here at my right side until I put your enemies as a footstool under your feet." <a href="/isv/hebrews/1.htm">International Standard Version</a> But to which of the angels did he ever say, "Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet"? <a href="/msb/hebrews/1.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> Yet to which of the angels did God ever say: “Sit at My right hand until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet”? <a href="/net/hebrews/1.htm">NET Bible</a> But to which of the angels has he ever said, "Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet"? <a href="/nheb/hebrews/1.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> But which of the angels has he told at any time, "Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies the footstool of your feet?" <a href="/wbt/hebrews/1.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> But to which of the angels said he at any time, Sit on my right hand, until I make thy enemies thy footstool? <a href="/wey/hebrews/1.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> To which of the angels has He ever said, "Sit at My right hand till I make Thy foes a footstool for Thy feet"? <a href="/web/hebrews/1.htm">World English Bible</a> But which of the angels has he told at any time, “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies the footstool of your feet?” <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/hebrews/1.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> And to which of the messengers did He ever say, “Sit at My right hand, "" Until I may make Your enemies Your footstool?” <a href="/blb/hebrews/1.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> Now to which of the angels did He ever say: "Sit at My right hand, until I may place Your enemies as a footstool for Your feet"? <a href="/ylt/hebrews/1.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> And unto which of the messengers said He ever, 'Sit at My right hand, till I may make thine enemies thy footstool?' <a href="/slt/hebrews/1.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> And to which of the angels has he once said, Sit on my right hand, till I make thine enemies the footstool of thy feet?<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/hebrews/1.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> But to which of the angels said he at any time: Sit on my right hand, until I make thy enemies thy footstool? <a href="/cpdv/hebrews/1.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> But to which of the Angels has he ever said: “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool?” <a href="/nabre/hebrews/1.htm">New American Bible</a> But to which of the angels has he ever said: “Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies your footstool”? <a href="/nrsvce/hebrews/1.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> But to which of the angels has he ever said, “Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet”?<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/hebrews/1.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> For to which of the angels has he at any time said, Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool under your feet? <a href="/aramaic-plain-english/hebrews/1.htm">Aramaic Bible in Plain English</a> But to which of the Angels did he ever say, “Sit at my right hand until I put your enemies as a footstool under your feet?”<div class="vheading2">NT Translations</div><a href="/anderson/hebrews/1.htm">Anderson New Testament</a> But to which of the angels has he said at any time: Sit on my right hand, till I make thy enemies thy footstool? <a href="/godbey/hebrews/1.htm">Godbey New Testament</a> And to which one of the angels has he at any time said, Sit thou on my right hand, until I may make thine enemies the footstool of thy feet? <a href="/haweis/hebrews/1.htm">Haweis New Testament</a> Unto which indeed of the angels said he ever, “Sit at my right hand until I put thine enemies for a footstool of thy feet?”<RX 19.110.1> <a href="/mace/hebrews/1.htm">Mace New Testament</a> But to which of the angels did he ever say, "sit on my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool?" <a href="/wey/hebrews/1.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> To which of the angels has He ever said, "Sit at My right hand till I make Thy foes a footstool for Thy feet"? <a href="/worrell/hebrews/1.htm">Worrell New Testament</a> But to whom of the angels hath He ever said, "Sit on My right hand, until I make your enemies the footstool of your feet?" <a href="/worsley/hebrews/1.htm">Worsley New Testament</a> But to which of the angels hath He ever said, "Sit thou at my right hand, till I make thine enemies thy footstool?" <a href="/parallel/hebrews/1-13.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/x-IAXXp5zcA?start=122" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/hebrews/1.htm">The Supremacy of the Son</a> …12You will roll them up like a robe; like a garment they will be changed; but You remain the same, and Your years will never end.” 13<a href="/greek/1161.htm" title="1161: de (Conj) -- A primary particle; but, and, etc.">Yet</a> <a href="/greek/4314.htm" title="4314: Pros (Prep) -- To, towards, with. A strengthened form of pro; a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e. Toward.">to</a> <a href="/greek/5101.htm" title="5101: tina (IPro-AMS) -- Who, which, what, why. Probably emphatic of tis; an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what.">which</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tōn (Art-GMP) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">of the</a> <a href="/greek/32.htm" title="32: angelōn (N-GMP) -- From aggello; a messenger; especially an angel; by implication, a pastor.">angels</a> <a href="/greek/4218.htm" title="4218: pote (Prtcl) -- At one time or other, at some time, formerly. From the base of pou and te; indefinite adverb, at some time, ever."></a> <a href="/greek/2046.htm" title="2046: eirēken (V-RIA-3S) -- Probably a fuller form of rheo; an alternate for epo in certain tenses; to utter, i.e. Speak or say.">did God ever say:</a> <a href="/greek/2521.htm" title="2521: Kathou (V-PMM/P-2S) -- To sit, be seated, enthroned; I dwell, reside. From kata; and hemai; to sit down; figuratively, to remain, reside.">“Sit</a> <a href="/greek/1537.htm" title="1537: ek (Prep) -- From out, out from among, from, suggesting from the interior outwards. A primary preposition denoting origin, from, out.">at</a> <a href="/greek/1473.htm" title="1473: mou (PPro-G1S) -- I, the first-person pronoun. A primary pronoun of the first person I.">My</a> <a href="/greek/1188.htm" title="1188: dexiōn (Adj-GNP) -- On the right hand, right hand, right. From dechomai; the right side or hand.">right hand</a> <a href="/greek/2193.htm" title="2193: heōs (Conj) -- A conjunction, preposition and adverb of continuance, until.">until</a> <a href="/greek/302.htm" title="302: an (Prtcl) -- A primary particle, denoting a supposition, wish, possibility or uncertainty."></a> <a href="/greek/5087.htm" title="5087: thō (V-ASA-1S) -- To put, place, lay, set, fix, establish. A prolonged form of a primary theo to place.">I make</a> <a href="/greek/4771.htm" title="4771: sou (PPro-G2S) -- You. The person pronoun of the second person singular; thou.">Your</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tous (Art-AMP) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the."></a> <a href="/greek/2190.htm" title="2190: echthrous (Adj-AMP) -- Hated, hostile; subst: an enemy. From a primary echtho; hateful; usually as a noun, an adversary.">enemies</a> <a href="/greek/5286.htm" title="5286: hypopodion (N-ANS) -- A footstool. Neuter of a compound of hupo and pous; something under the feet, i.e. A foot-rest.">a footstool</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tōn (Art-GMP) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">for</a> <a href="/greek/4771.htm" title="4771: sou (PPro-G2S) -- You. The person pronoun of the second person singular; thou.">Your</a> <a href="/greek/4228.htm" title="4228: podōn (N-GMP) -- The foot. A primary word; a foot.">feet”?</a> 14Are not the angels ministering spirits sent to serve those who will inherit salvation?…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/psalms/110-1.htm">Psalm 110:1</a> A Psalm of David. The LORD said to my Lord: “Sit at My right hand until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet.” <a href="/matthew/22-44.htm">Matthew 22:44</a> ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at My right hand until I put Your enemies under Your feet.”’ <a href="/mark/12-36.htm">Mark 12:36</a> Speaking by the Holy Spirit, David himself declared: ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at My right hand until I put Your enemies under Your feet.”’ <a href="/luke/20-42.htm">Luke 20:42-43</a> For David himself says in the book of Psalms: ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at My right hand / until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet.”’ <a href="/acts/2-34.htm">Acts 2:34-35</a> For David did not ascend into heaven, but he himself says: ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at My right hand / until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet.”’ <a href="/1_corinthians/15-25.htm">1 Corinthians 15:25</a> For He must reign until He has put all His enemies under His feet. <a href="/ephesians/1-20.htm">Ephesians 1:20-22</a> which He exerted in Christ when He raised Him from the dead and seated Him at His right hand in the heavenly realms, / far above all rule and authority, power and dominion, and every name that is named, not only in the present age but also in the one to come. / And God put everything under His feet and made Him head over everything for the church, <a href="/colossians/3-1.htm">Colossians 3:1</a> Therefore, since you have been raised with Christ, strive for the things above, where Christ is seated at the right hand of God. <a href="/1_peter/3-22.htm">1 Peter 3:22</a> who has gone into heaven and is at the right hand of God, with angels, authorities, and powers subject to Him. <a href="/revelation/3-21.htm">Revelation 3:21</a> To the one who overcomes, I will grant the right to sit with Me on My throne, just as I overcame and sat down with My Father on His throne. <a href="/psalms/2-7.htm">Psalm 2:7-9</a> I will proclaim the decree spoken to Me by the LORD: “You are My Son; today I have become Your Father. / Ask Me, and I will make the nations Your inheritance, the ends of the earth Your possession. / You will break them with an iron scepter; You will shatter them like pottery.” <a href="/psalms/8-4.htm">Psalm 8:4-6</a> what is man that You are mindful of him, or the son of man that You care for him? / You made him a little lower than the angels; You crowned him with glory and honor. / You made him ruler of the works of Your hands; You have placed everything under his feet: <a href="/psalms/45-6.htm">Psalm 45:6-7</a> Your throne, O God, endures forever and ever, and justice is the scepter of Your kingdom. / You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness; therefore God, your God, has anointed you above your companions with the oil of joy. <a href="/psalms/89-27.htm">Psalm 89:27</a> I will indeed appoint him as My firstborn, the highest of the kings of the earth. <a href="/psalms/110-4.htm">Psalm 110:4</a> The LORD has sworn and will not change His mind: “You are a priest forever in the order of Melchizedek.”</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>But to which of the angels said he at any time, Sit on my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool?to.<a href="/hebrews/1-5.htm">Hebrews 1:5</a> For unto which of the angels said he at any time, Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee? And again, I will be to him a Father, and he shall be to me a Son?Sit.<a href="/hebrews/1-3.htm">Hebrews 1:3</a> Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high;<a href="/hebrews/10-12.htm">Hebrews 10:12</a> But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God;<a href="/psalms/110-1.htm">Psalm 110:1</a> A Psalm of David. The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool.until.<a href="/psalms/21-8.htm">Psalm 21:8,9</a> Thine hand shall find out all thine enemies: thy right hand shall find out those that hate thee… <a href="/psalms/132-18.htm">Psalm 132:18</a> His enemies will I clothe with shame: but upon himself shall his crown flourish.<a href="/isaiah/63-3.htm">Isaiah 63:3-6</a> I have trodden the winepress alone; and of the people there was none with me: for I will tread them in mine anger, and trample them in my fury; and their blood shall be sprinkled upon my garments, and I will stain all my raiment… <div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/hebrews/1-5.htm">Angel</a> <a href="/hebrews/1-7.htm">Angels</a> <a href="/1_thessalonians/2-15.htm">Enemies</a> <a href="/1_timothy/5-10.htm">Feet</a> <a href="/acts/2-35.htm">Foes</a> <a href="/acts/7-49.htm">Footstool</a> <a href="/hebrews/1-3.htm">Hand</a> <a href="/hebrews/1-3.htm">Right</a> <a href="/hebrews/1-8.htm">Seat</a> <a href="/colossians/2-16.htm">Sit</a> <a href="/acts/2-35.htm">Stool</a> <a href="/hebrews/1-6.htm">Time</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/hebrews/11-28.htm">Angel</a> <a href="/hebrews/1-14.htm">Angels</a> <a href="/hebrews/10-13.htm">Enemies</a> <a href="/hebrews/2-8.htm">Feet</a> <a href="/revelation/11-5.htm">Foes</a> <a href="/hebrews/10-13.htm">Footstool</a> <a href="/hebrews/2-16.htm">Hand</a> <a href="/hebrews/2-10.htm">Right</a> <a href="/hebrews/4-16.htm">Seat</a> <a href="/hebrews/8-1.htm">Sit</a> <a href="/hebrews/10-13.htm">Stool</a> <a href="/hebrews/2-1.htm">Time</a><div class="vheading2">Hebrews 1</div>1. <a href="/hebrews/1-1.htm">Christ in these last times coming to us from the Father,</a> 4. <a href="/hebrews/1-4.htm">is preferred above the angels, both in person and office.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading"><a href="/study/hebrews/1.htm">Berean Study Bible</a></div>Yet to which of the angels This phrase emphasizes the unique status of Christ compared to the angels. In the Greek, "angels" (ἄγγελοι, angeloi) refers to messengers or servants of God. Historically, angels were revered as powerful beings, but this rhetorical question underscores that none were ever given the honor bestowed upon Christ. This sets the stage for understanding Christ's superiority and divine sonship, which is a central theme in Hebrews.did He ever say The phrase points to the divine authority and the spoken word of God. The Greek verb "λέγω" (lego) implies a definitive and authoritative declaration. This highlights the fact that God's promises and declarations are unique and specific, reserved for His Son, and not for any angelic being. It underscores the importance of divine speech in the unfolding of God's redemptive plan.Sit at My right hand This is a direct quotation from <a href="/psalms/110.htm">Psalm 110:1</a>, a messianic psalm. The "right hand" is a position of power and authority, signifying honor and sovereignty. In the ancient Near Eastern context, sitting at the right hand of a king was a place of highest honor. This phrase affirms Christ's exalted position and His role as co-regent with God, a status never attributed to angels.until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet The imagery of a "footstool" comes from ancient practices where a conquered king would be made to bow before the victor, symbolizing total subjugation. The Greek word "ὑποπόδιον" (hypopodion) conveys this imagery of complete defeat. This phrase speaks to the ultimate victory of Christ over all His enemies, including sin and death, and the eschatological hope of His reign. It reassures believers of the certainty of Christ's triumph and the fulfillment of God's promises.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/hebrews/1.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(13) But to which of the angels.--The final appeal is made to that Psalm which more frequently than any other is quoted in reference to Christ, and which we have already seen to be the source of all the New Testament references to the Saviour's session at the right hand of God. It is not necessary to say much here respecting Psalms 110, to which so many allusions will be made in the course of this Epistle. That it was regularly understood by the Jews of our Lord's time to be a Messianic Psalm is clear both from <a href="/context/matthew/22-43.htm" title="He said to them, How then does David in spirit call him Lord, saying,">Matthew 22:43-44</a>, and from the independent notices which we possess. Most probably, it stands alone amongst the Psalms as being simply prophetic: the words of <a href="/hebrews/1-1.htm" title="God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spoke in time past to the fathers by the prophets,">Hebrews 1:1</a> have never been addressed either to angels or to an earthly king. On the special words of the quotation see <a href="/hebrews/1-3.htm" title="Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high:">Hebrews 1:3</a>.Said he at any time.--Better, hath He ever said.Until I make . . .--Literally, until I shall have made Thine enemies a footstool of Thy feet.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/hebrews/1.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 13. - But to which of the angels said he (properly, hath he said) at any time, Sit on my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool? A final and crowning quotation is thus adduced, in the form in which the first quotation referring to the SON (ver. 5) had been introduced, to complete the view of his superiority to the angels. The quotation is from <a href="/psalms/110.htm">Psalm 110</a>, the reference of which to the Messiah is settled beyond controversy to Christian believers, not only by its being quoted or alluded to more frequently than any other psalm with that reference in the New Testament (<a href="/acts/2-34.htm">Acts 2:34</a>; <a href="/acts/7-55.htm">Acts 7:55, 56</a>; <a href="/romans/8-34.htm">Romans 8:34</a>; <a href="/ephesians/1-20.htm">Ephesians 1:20-22</a>; <a href="/1_peter/3-22.htm">1 Peter 3:22</a>; <a href="/hebrews/1-3.htm">Hebrews 1:3, 13, 14</a>; <a href="/hebrews/8-1.htm">Hebrews 8:1</a>; <a href="/hebrews/10-12.htm">Hebrews 10:12, 13</a>), and by the introduction of its language into the Church's earliest Creeds, but also by the authority of our Lord himself, as recorded by all the three synoptical evangelists (<a href="/matthew/22-41.htm">Matthew 22:41</a>; <a href="/mark/12-35.htm">Mark 12:35</a>; <a href="/luke/20-41.htm">Luke 20:41</a>). Hence readers of this Commentary will not require a confutation of the arguments of any modern rationalistic critics who have disputed the Messianic meaning of the psalm. Their arguments rest really on their a priori denial of a "spirit of prophecy" in the psalms generally; in their refusal to recognize, what the later prophets recognized, an unfulfilled ideal in what the psalmists wrote of theocratic kings. Let us once recognize this, and we shall perceive in this psalm peculiar marks of the spirit of prophecy, reaching beyond any contemporary fulfillment, not only in the assignment to the King of a seat at the right hand of the heavenly throne, but also in his remarkable designation as a "Priest after the order of Melchizedek," of which more will be said under Hebrews 5. and Hebrews 7. of this Epistle. It is to be observed also how prophets, long after the psalm was written, regarded its ideal as still awaiting fulfillment; e.g. Daniel (<a href="/daniel/7-13.htm">Daniel 7:13</a>, etc.), whose vision of the Son of man brought near before the Ancient of days, and having an everlasting dominion given him, is referred to by our Lord (<a href="/matthew/26-64.htm">Matthew 26:64</a>) in connection with the psalm, as awaiting fulfillment in himself; and Zechariah (Zechariah 6:12, etc.:, who takes up the idea of the psalm in speaking of the Branch, who was to unite in himself royalty and priesthood. The psalm is entitled, "A psalm of David." Though this title is prefixed to some psalms the contents of which suggest a later date, and is not, therefore, considered proof of authorship, it proves at least the tradition and belief of the Jews when the Hebrew Psalter was arranged in its existing form. But we have in this case evidence in the three Gospels of its universal acceptance as a psalm of David by the Jews in the time of our Lord; and, what is of more weight, of his having himself referred to it as such. The whole point of his argument with the Pharisees depends on the acknowledgment of David being the speaker, as well as of the Messiah being the Person spoken cf. None of the Pharisees thought of disputing either of these premises; they were evidently received as indisputable; nor can it be conceived (as has been irreverently suggested) that our Lord did not thus give his own sanction to their truth. Nor, further, is there in the psalm itself any internal evidence against its Davidic authorship, though, but for the above testimony to the contrary, it might have been the composition of a prophet of David's day, or written by David for use by his people - the term, "my lord," having thus a primary reference to him. In either of these cases we might suppose the original conception of ver. 1 to have been that of David himself being enthroned on Zion at the side of the "King of glory" (<a href="/psalms/24.htm">Psalm 24</a>.) who had "come in;" while ver. 4 might possibly have been suggested by David's organization of the services of the tabernacle, and by the personal part he took in the ritual when the ark was removed to Zion. Even so, the quotation would answer the purpose of the argument according to the view of the drift of Messianic psalms which has been explained above. But, even independently of the distinct import of our Lord's words, there are reasons (pointed out by Delitzsch) against the supposition of even a primary reference to David in the words, "my lord." Two may be mentioned: (1) that the assignment of sacerdotal functions to an earthly king is contrary to the whole spirit of the Old Testament; (2) that God's own throne is elsewhere represented as, not in Zion, but above the heavens. Now, the conclusion thus arrived at, that David himself is speaking throughout the psalm of another than himself, gives a peculiar force to this final quotation, in that the Antitype is distinguished from and raised above the type more evidently than in other Messianic psalms. In others (as we have regarded them) the typical king himself is the primary object in view, though ideally glorified so as to foreshadow One greater than himself; here the typical king seems to have a distinct vision of the Messiah apart from himself, and speaks of him as his lord. It does not follow that David's own position and circumstances did not form a basis for his vision. We perceive traces of them in "the rod of thy strength out of Zion," and in the picture which follows of the submission of heathen kings after warfare and slaughter. But vers. 1 and 4 point still to another than himself whom he foresees in the spirit of prophecy. The psalm begins, literally translated, "The voice [or, 'oracle,' Hebrew נְאֻם] of Jehovah to my lord, Sit thou on my right hand," etc. This sounds like more than a mere echo of Nathan's message, the language being different and still more significant. And that such a vision of a future fulfillment of the promise was not foreign to the mind of David appears from his "last words" (<a href="/2_samuel/23-1.htm">2 Samuel 23:1</a>, etc.), where also the significant word נְאֻס is used. And now, mark what the language of this "oracle" implies - not merely the enthronement of the Son on Zion as God's Vicegerent, but his session at the right hand of God himself, i.e. "at the right hand of the Majesty on high;" God's own throne being ever (as has been said above) regarded as above the heavens, or, if on earth, above the cherubim. Such, then, being the meaning of the "oracle" (and it is the meaning uniformly given it in the New Testament), well may it be adduced as the final and crowning proof of the position above the angels assigned to the SON in prophecy. <a href="/commentaries/hebrews/1-13.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Greek</div>But δὲ (de) Conjunction <a href="/greek/strongs_1161.htm">Strong's 1161: </a> A primary particle; but, and, etc. to Πρὸς (Pros) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_4314.htm">Strong's 4314: </a> To, towards, with. A strengthened form of pro; a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e. Toward. which τίνα (tina) Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_5101.htm">Strong's 5101: </a> Who, which, what, why. Probably emphatic of tis; an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what. of the τῶν (tōn) Article - Genitive Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. angels ἀγγέλων (angelōn) Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_32.htm">Strong's 32: </a> From aggello; a messenger; especially an 'angel'; by implication, a pastor. did [God] ever say: εἴρηκέν (eirēken) Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2046.htm">Strong's 2046: </a> Probably a fuller form of rheo; an alternate for epo in certain tenses; to utter, i.e. Speak or say. “Sit Κάθου (Kathou) Verb - Present Imperative Middle or Passive - 2nd Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2521.htm">Strong's 2521: </a> To sit, be seated, enthroned; I dwell, reside. From kata; and hemai; to sit down; figuratively, to remain, reside. at ἐκ (ek) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_1537.htm">Strong's 1537: </a> From out, out from among, from, suggesting from the interior outwards. A primary preposition denoting origin, from, out. My μου (mou) Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_1473.htm">Strong's 1473: </a> I, the first-person pronoun. A primary pronoun of the first person I. right hand δεξιῶν (dexiōn) Adjective - Genitive Neuter Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_1188.htm">Strong's 1188: </a> On the right hand, right hand, right. From dechomai; the right side or hand. until ἕως (heōs) Conjunction <a href="/greek/strongs_2193.htm">Strong's 2193: </a> A conjunction, preposition and adverb of continuance, until. I make θῶ (thō) Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 1st Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_5087.htm">Strong's 5087: </a> To put, place, lay, set, fix, establish. A prolonged form of a primary theo to place. Your σου (sou) Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_4771.htm">Strong's 4771: </a> You. The person pronoun of the second person singular; thou. enemies ἐχθρούς (echthrous) Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_2190.htm">Strong's 2190: </a> Hated, hostile; subst: an enemy. From a primary echtho; hateful; usually as a noun, an adversary. a footstool ὑποπόδιον (hypopodion) Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_5286.htm">Strong's 5286: </a> A footstool. Neuter of a compound of hupo and pous; something under the feet, i.e. A foot-rest. for τῶν (tōn) Article - Genitive Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. Your σου (sou) Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_4771.htm">Strong's 4771: </a> You. The person pronoun of the second person singular; thou. feet”? ποδῶν (podōn) Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_4228.htm">Strong's 4228: </a> The foot. A primary word; a 'foot'. <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/hebrews/1-13.htm">Hebrews 1:13 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/hebrews/1-13.htm">Hebrews 1:13 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/hebrews/1-13.htm">Hebrews 1:13 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/hebrews/1-13.htm">Hebrews 1:13 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/hebrews/1-13.htm">Hebrews 1:13 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/hebrews/1-13.htm">Hebrews 1:13 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/hebrews/1-13.htm">Hebrews 1:13 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/hebrews/1-13.htm">Hebrews 1:13 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/hebrews/1-13.htm">Hebrews 1:13 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/hebrews/1-13.htm">Hebrews 1:13 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/hebrews/1-13.htm">NT Letters: Hebrews 1:13 But which of the angels has he (Heb. He. Hb) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/hebrews/1-12.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Hebrews 1:12"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Hebrews 1:12" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/hebrews/1-14.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Hebrews 1:14"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Hebrews 1:14" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>