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.infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">Kosmos 1514</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81-1514%C2%BB_(%C2%AB%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD-6%C2%BB)_(14748760935).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81-1514%C2%BB_%28%C2%AB%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD-6%C2%BB%29_%2814748760935%29.jpg/450px-%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81-1514%C2%BB_%28%C2%AB%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD-6%C2%BB%29_%2814748760935%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81-1514%C2%BB_%28%C2%AB%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD-6%C2%BB%29_%2814748760935%29.jpg/600px-%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81-1514%C2%BB_%28%C2%AB%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD-6%C2%BB%29_%2814748760935%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Names</th><td class="infobox-data">Bion 6<br />Biocosmos 6</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_life_sciences" title="List of life sciences">Bioscience</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Institute of Biomedical Problems</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1983-121A">1983-121A</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25965#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">14549</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">4 days, 21 hours and 48 minutes</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bion_(satellite)" title="Bion (satellite)">Bion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_bus" title="Satellite bus">Bus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zenit_(satellite)" title="Zenit (satellite)">Zenit</a> 12KS</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Progress_Rocket_Space_Centre" title="Progress Rocket Space Centre">TsSKB</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">5,700 kg (12,600 lb)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">14 December 1983,<br />07:00:00 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-U" title="Soyuz-U">Soyuz-U</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk</a> <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_41" class="mw-redirect" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 41">41/1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contractor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Progress_Rocket_Space_Centre" title="Progress Rocket Space Centre">TsSKB</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recovered by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Space_Forces" title="Russian Space Forces">Soviet Space Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing date</th><td class="infobox-data">19 December 1983, 04:48 UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing site</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kosmos_1514&params=52_42_N_62_48_E_type:event&title=Bion+6+spashdown"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">62°48′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.700°N 62.800°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.700; 62.800</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Bion 6 spashdown</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Rudny,_Kazakhstan" title="Rudny, Kazakhstan">Rudny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic">Kazakhstan</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geocentric" class="mw-redirect" title="Geocentric">Geocentric</a><sup id="cite_ref-nssdc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nssdc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regime</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">Low Earth orbit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Perigee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">226 km (140 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Apogee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">288 km (179 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">82.30°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">89.30 min</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><b><a href="/wiki/Bion_(satellite)" title="Bion (satellite)">Bion programme</a></b></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1129" title="Kosmos 1129">Bion 5</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1667" title="Kosmos 1667">Bion 7</a> →</div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(1501%E2%80%931750)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (1501–1750)">Kosmos (satellites)</a></b></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1513&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1513 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1513</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1515&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1515 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1515</a> →</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kosmos 1514</b> or <b>Bion 6</b> (in <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <i>Космос 1514</i>, <i>Бион 6</i>) was a <a href="/wiki/Biomedicine" title="Biomedicine">biomedical</a> research mission that was launched on 14 December 1983, at 07:00:00 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>. It was part of the <a href="/wiki/Bion_(satellite)" title="Bion (satellite)">Bion programme</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission">Mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1514&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> orbital flight of a non-human primate was accomplished on the Kosmos 1514 mission. Two monkeys flew on the mission, together with several pregnant rats. More than 60 experiments were performed by investigators from <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, the <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">German Democratic Republic</a>, Poland, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, France, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and the United States. This was the first time the Soviet space agency flew <a href="/wiki/Monkeys_and_apes_in_space" title="Monkeys and apes in space">monkeys in space</a>, coming 34 years after the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Albert_II_(monkey)" title="Albert II (monkey)">first put a monkey into space</a>, and 22 years after the Soviet Union started putting <a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">humans into space</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rsw.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsw.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>United States scientists conducted three experiments on the primates and another experiment on the rat subjects. The mission differed markedly from earlier Cosmos flights, both in terms of Soviet scientific goals and in the degree of cooperation required between the United States and the Soviet Union. The two countries had to interact at a high level because much of the U.S. experiment hardware had to be integrated with the Soviet spacecraft and instrumentation systems.<sup id="cite_ref-LSDA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LSDA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two <a href="/wiki/Rhesus_monkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhesus monkey">Rhesus monkeys</a> were flown into orbit implanted with sensors to permit monitoring of <a href="/wiki/Carotid_artery" title="Carotid artery">carotid artery</a> blood flow. Additionally eighteen pregnant <a href="/wiki/Laboratory_rat" title="Laboratory rat">white rats</a> were sent to be used for studies of the effects of <a href="/wiki/Micro-g_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro-g environment">microgravity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radiation" title="Radiation">radiation</a>. The rats subsequently produced normal litters.<sup id="cite_ref-nssdc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nssdc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Experiments focused on the effect of weightlessness on various physiological parameters. A study of <a href="/wiki/Circadian_rhythm" title="Circadian rhythm">circadian rhythms</a> was concerned with the synchronization of primate motor activity, body temperature and skin temperature rhythms to a fixed light/dark cycle and to each other. Blood pressure and flow were monitored, to evaluate short and long-term changes in these parameters. Changes in calcium metabolism were studied in order to determine the effect of <a href="/wiki/Weightlessness" title="Weightlessness">weightlessness</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Skeleton" title="Skeleton">skeleton</a>. The two <a href="/wiki/Rhesus_macaque" title="Rhesus macaque">rhesus monkeys</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rhesus_macaque" title="Rhesus macaque">Macaca mulatta</a>), <a href="/wiki/Monkeys_and_apes_in_space" title="Monkeys and apes in space">Abrek and Bion</a>, flown on board were about three years of age and each weighed approximately 4 kilograms. Height was a constraint in selecting animals for flight. This was because a Soviet vestibular experiment required that the flight restraint couches oscillate vertically within the animal capsules. The monkeys were conditioned to sit in the restraint couches and perform tasks for food rewards. Tasks included pressing a lever with their feet and tracking a moving light with their eyes. Monkeys were also trained to eat and drink from food and juice dispensers. Monkeys in the flight and control groups were implanted with blood pressure and flow cuffs and sensors to measure several physiological parameters.<sup id="cite_ref-LSDA_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LSDA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A neuroontogeny experiment was conducted to investigate space flight effects on the sensory development of rats that spent part of their prenatal gestation period in space. Ten pregnant female <a href="/wiki/Laboratory_rat" title="Laboratory rat">Wistar rats</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brown_rat" title="Brown rat">Rattus norvegicus</a>) were flown. Ground control groups contained the same number of rats. At the start of the flight or control experiments, the rats were at gestation day 13 of their 21-day cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-LSDA_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LSDA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mission ended after five days, on 19 December 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-nssdc_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nssdc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1514&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_spaceflight" title="1983 in spaceflight">1983 in spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_space" title="Animals in space">Animals in space</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1514&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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id="cite_note-nssdc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nssdc_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nssdc_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nssdc_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1983-121A">"Bion 6"</a>. <i>nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. 14 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Bion+6&rft.date=2020-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fnmc%2Fspacecraft%2Fdisplay.action%3Fid%3D1983-121A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKosmos+1514" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rsw.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rsw.com_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnatoly_Zak2007" class="citation web cs1">Anatoly Zak (27 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.russianspaceweb.com/bion_origin.html">"Bion (12KS) satellite"</a>. <i>RussianSpaceWeb.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RussianSpaceWeb.com&rft.atitle=Bion+%2812KS%29+satellite&rft.date=2007-02-27&rft.au=Anatoly+Zak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.russianspaceweb.com%2Fbion_origin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKosmos+1514" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LSDA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LSDA_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LSDA_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LSDA_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov/Mission/miss/60">"Cosmos 1514"</a>. <i>lsda.jsc.nasa.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lsda.jsc.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Cosmos+1514&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flsda.jsc.nasa.gov%2FMission%2Fmiss%2F60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKosmos+1514" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1514&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kozlov, D. I. (1996), Mashnostroenie, ed.; <i>Konstruirovanie avtomaticheskikh kosmicheskikh apparatov</i>, Moscow, ISBN</li> <li>Melnik, T. G. (1997), Nauka, ed.; <i>Voenno-Kosmicheskiy Sili</i>, Moscow, ISBN</li> <li>"Bion' nuzhen lyudyam", <i>Novosti Kosmonavtiki</i>, (6): 35, 1996</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1514&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bion_(satellite)" title="Bion (satellite)">Bion/Bion-M satellites</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bion precursor flight</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_110" title="Kosmos 110">Kosmos 110</a> <small>(carried two dogs, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_dogs#Veterok_and_Ugolyok" title="Soviet space dogs">Veterok and Ugolyok</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bion flights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_605" title="Kosmos 605">Bion 1</a> (605)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_690" title="Kosmos 690">Bion 2</a> (690)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_782" title="Kosmos 782">Bion 3</a> (782)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_936" title="Kosmos 936">Bion 4</a> (936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1129" title="Kosmos 1129">Bion 5</a> (1129)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bion 6</a> (1514)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1667" title="Kosmos 1667">Bion 7</a> (1667)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1887" title="Kosmos 1887">Bion 8</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2044" title="Kosmos 2044">Bion 9</a> (2044)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2229" title="Kosmos 2229">Bion 10</a> (2229)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bion_11" title="Bion 11">Bion 11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bion-M</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bion-M_No.1" title="Bion-M No.1">Bion-M No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bion-M_No.2" title="Bion-M No.2">Bion-M No.2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>(Kosmos number in brackets)</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_1982Orbital_launches_in_19831984_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1983" title="Template:Orbital launches in 1983"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_1983" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 1983"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1983" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 1983"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_1982Orbital_launches_in_19831984_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/1982_in_spaceflight" title="1982 in spaceflight">← 1982</a></div><a href="/wiki/1983_in_spaceflight" title="1983 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">1983</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/1984_in_spaceflight" title="1984 in spaceflight">1984 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1437&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1437 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1437</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=January_1983_Kosmos-3M_launch_failure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="January 1983 Kosmos-3M launch failure (page does not exist)">Unnamed</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_0252&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 0252 (page does not exist)">OPS 0252</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_0252_SSU-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 0252 SSU-1 (page does not exist)">OPS 0252 SSU-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_0252_SSU-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 0252 SSU-2 (page does not exist)">OPS 0252 SSU-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_0252_SSU-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 0252 SSU-3 (page does not exist)">OPS 0252 SSU-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1443" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos 1443">Kosmos 1443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOAA-8" title="NOAA-8">NOAA-8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-6" title="STS-6">STS-6</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/TDRS-1" title="TDRS-1">TDRS-1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_2925&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 2925 (page does not exist)">OPS 2925</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-8" title="Soyuz T-8">Soyuz T-8</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_V_F-6" title="Intelsat V F-6">Intelsat V F-6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_6432&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 6432 (page does not exist)">OPS 6432</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_6432_SSU-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 6432 SSU-1 (page does not exist)">OPS 6432 SSU-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_6432_SSU-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 6432 SSU-2 (page does not exist)">OPS 6432 SSU-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_6432_SSU-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 6432 SSU-3 (page does not exist)">OPS 6432 SSU-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutelsat_I_F-1" title="Eutelsat I F-1">ECS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCAR-10" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCAR-10">OSCAR-10</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-7" title="STS-7">STS-7</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Anik_(satellite)" title="Anik (satellite)">Anik C2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palapa" title="Palapa">Palapa B1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SPAS-01&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPAS-01 (page does not exist)">SPAS-01</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=OSTA-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSTA-2 (page does not exist)">OSTA-2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_0721&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 0721 (page does not exist)">OPS 0721</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3899&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3899 (page does not exist)">OPS 3899</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-9" title="Soyuz T-9">Soyuz T-9</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_7304&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 7304 (page does not exist)">OPS 7304</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progress_17" title="Progress 17">Progress 17</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-8" title="STS-8">STS-8</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/INSAT-1B" title="INSAT-1B">INSAT-1B</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_V_F-7" title="Intelsat V F-7">Intelsat V F-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_18" title="Progress 18">Progress 18</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-9" title="STS-9">STS-9</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unknown<br />month</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1428&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1428 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1428</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1429&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1429 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1429</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1430&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1430 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1430</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1431&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1431 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1431</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1432&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1432 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1432</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1433&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1433 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1433</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1434&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1434 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1434</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1435&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1435 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1435</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1436&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1436 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1436</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS">IRAS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasma_Interaction_Experiment_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasma Interaction Experiment 2 (page does not exist)">PIX-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1438&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1438 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1438</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakura_2a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakura 2a (page does not exist)">Sakura 2a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1439&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1439 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1439</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LIPS-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LIPS-2 (page does not exist)">LIPS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1440&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1440 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1440</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1441&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1441 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1441</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenma" title="Tenma">Tenma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1442&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1442 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1442</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1444&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1444 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1444</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-3_No.34&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-3 No.34 (page does not exist)">Molniya-3 No.34</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekran_No.18L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekran No.18L (page does not exist)">Ekran No.18L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1445" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos 1445">Kosmos 1445</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1446&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1446 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1446</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1-56&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1-56 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1-56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astron_(spacecraft)" title="Astron (spacecraft)">Astron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1447&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1447 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1447</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1448&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1448 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1448</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1449&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1449 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1449</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.68&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.68 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.68</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1450&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1450 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1450</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gran%27_No.23L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gran' No.23L (page does not exist)">Gran' No.23L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1451&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1451 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1451</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satcom_(satellite)" title="Satcom (satellite)">Satcom 1R</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1452&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1452 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1452</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohini_RS-D2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rohini RS-D2 (page does not exist)">Rohini RS-D2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1453&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1453 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1453</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1454&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1454 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1454</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1455&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1455 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1455</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1456" title="Kosmos 1456">Kosmos 1456</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1457&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1457 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1457</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1458&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1458 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1458</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_6" title="GOES 6">GOES 6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1459&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1459 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1459</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1460&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1460 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1460</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1461&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1461 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1461</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1462&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1462 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1462</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1463&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1463 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1463</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1464&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1464 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1464</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1465&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1465 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1465</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1466&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1466 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1466</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXOSAT" title="EXOSAT">EXOSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1467&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1467 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1467</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_15" title="Venera 15">Venera 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_16" title="Venera 16">Venera 16</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1468&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1468 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1468</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1469&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1469 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1469</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1470&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1470 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1470</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HILAT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HILAT (page does not exist)">HILAT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1471&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1471 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1471</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_1" title="Galaxy 1">Galaxy 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorizont_No.17L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorizont No.17L (page does not exist)">Gorizont No.17L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prognoz_9" title="Prognoz 9">Prognoz 9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1472&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1472 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1472</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1473&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1473 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1473</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1474 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1474</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1475&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1475 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1475</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1476&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1476 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1476</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1477&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1477 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1477</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1478&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1478 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1478</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1479&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1479 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1479</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1480&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1480 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1480</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1481" title="Kosmos 1481">Kosmos 1481</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1482&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1482 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1482</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_7994&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 7994 (page does not exist)">OPS 7994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.66&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.66 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.66</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1483&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1483 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1483</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1484" title="Kosmos 1484">Kosmos 1484</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1485&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1485 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telstar_301" title="Telstar 301">Telstar 301</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1486&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1486 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1486</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1487&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1487 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1487</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakura_2b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakura 2b (page does not exist)">Sakura 2b</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1488&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1488 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1488</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1489&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1489 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1489</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1490&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1490 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1490</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1491&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1491 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1491</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1492&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1492 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1492</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fanhui_Shi_Weixing_6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fanhui Shi Weixing 6 (page does not exist)">Fanhui Shi Weixing 6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1493&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1493 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1493</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gran%27_No.24L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gran' No.24L (page does not exist)">Gran' No.24L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-3_No.32&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-3 No.32 (page does not exist)">Molniya-3 No.32</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1494&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1494 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1494</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1495&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1495 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1495</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1496&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1496 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1496</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satcom_2R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satcom 2R (page does not exist)">Satcom 2R</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1497&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1497 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1497</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1498&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1498 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1498</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1499&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1499 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1499</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galaxy-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galaxy-2 (page does not exist)">Galaxy-2</a></li> <li><u><i><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-ST_No._16L" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz 7K-ST No. 16L">Soyuz 7K-ST No. 16L</a></i></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1500&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1500 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1500</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekran_No.25L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekran No.25L (page does not exist)">Ekran No.25L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1501&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1501 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1501</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1502&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1502 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1502</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1503&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1503 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1503</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1504&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1504 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1504</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1505&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1505 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1505</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1506&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1506 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1506</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor-2_No.10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor-2 No.10 (page does not exist)">Meteor-2 No.10</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1507&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1507 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1507</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1508&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1508 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1508</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1509&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1509 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1509</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_1294&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 1294 (page does not exist)">OPS 1294</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.48&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.48 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.48</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1510&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1510 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1510</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1511&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1511 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1511</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorizont_No.18L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorizont No.18L (page does not exist)">Gorizont No.18L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1512&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1512 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1512</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1513&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1513 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1513</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kosmos 1514</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1515&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1515 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1515</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-3_No.35&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-3 No.35 (page does not exist)">Molniya-3 No.35</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1516&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1516 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1516</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1517" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos 1517">Kosmos 1517</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1518" title="Kosmos 1518">Kosmos 1518</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1519&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1519 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1519</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1520&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1520 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1520</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1521&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1521 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1521</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br /><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1514&oldid=1226851293">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1514&oldid=1226851293</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bion_satellites" title="Category:Bion satellites">Bion satellites</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kosmos_satellites" title="Category:Kosmos satellites">Kosmos satellites</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_launched_in_1983" title="Category:Spacecraft launched in 1983">Spacecraft launched in 1983</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1983_in_spaceflight" title="Category:1983 in spaceflight">1983 in spaceflight</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1983_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:1983 in the Soviet Union">1983 in the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Czechoslovakia%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Category:Czechoslovakia–Soviet Union relations">Czechoslovakia–Soviet Union relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romania%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Category:Romania–Soviet Union relations">Romania–Soviet Union relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungary%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Category:Hungary–Soviet Union relations">Hungary–Soviet Union relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poland%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Category:Poland–Soviet Union relations">Poland–Soviet Union relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:France%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Category:France–Soviet Union relations">France–Soviet Union relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Category:Soviet Union–United States relations">Soviet Union–United States relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Germany%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Category:East Germany–Soviet Union relations">East Germany–Soviet Union relations</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Source_attribution" title="Category:Source attribution">Source attribution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_March_2014" title="Category:Use British English from March 2014">Use British English from March 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2014" title="Category:Use dmy dates from March 2014">Use dmy dates from March 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 June 2024, at 06:32<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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