CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Rough Riders - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"0992bafe-6670-4ca5-9d20-2414ea3ac813","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Rough_Riders","wgTitle":"Rough Riders","wgCurRevisionId":1258798635,"wgRevisionId":1258798635,"wgArticleId":145971,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: location missing publisher","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from September 2023","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from May 2014","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2020","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019","Commons category link from Wikidata", "Articles with Project Gutenberg links","Articles with LibriVox links","Rough Riders","Cavalry regiments of the United States Army","American military personnel of the Spanish–American War","Military units and formations of the United States in the Spanish–American War","Military history of the United States","Theodore Roosevelt","Military history of Arizona","1898 establishments in Arizona Territory","Cavalry","American frontier","Military units and formations established in 1898","1898 disestablishments in the United States"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Rough_Riders","wgRelevantArticleId":145971,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true, "wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2093017","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready", "user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions", "wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/RoughRiders.jpeg/1200px-RoughRiders.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="973"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/RoughRiders.jpeg/800px-RoughRiders.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="649"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/RoughRiders.jpeg/640px-RoughRiders.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="519"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Rough Riders - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_Riders"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_Riders"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Rough_Riders rootpage-Rough_Riders skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Rough+Riders" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Rough+Riders" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Rough+Riders" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Rough+Riders" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Early history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Training</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish–American_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish–American_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Spanish–American War</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Spanish–American_War-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Spanish–American War subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Spanish–American_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Departure_from_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Departure_from_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Departure from the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Departure_from_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Las_Guasimas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Las_Guasimas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Battle of Las Guasimas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Las_Guasimas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Battle of San Juan Hill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siege_of_Santiago" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege_of_Santiago"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Siege of Santiago</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege_of_Santiago-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Return_home" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_home"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Return home</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_home-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disbandment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disbandment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Disbandment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disbandment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Last_survivors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Last_survivors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Last survivors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Last_survivors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muster_roll" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muster_roll"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Muster roll</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muster_roll-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theatrical_productions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatrical_productions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Theatrical productions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatrical_productions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tabletop_Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tabletop_Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Tabletop Games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tabletop_Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Movies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Movies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tribute_Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tribute_Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Tribute Organizations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tribute_Organizations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tribute Organizations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tribute_Organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-School_mascot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#School_mascot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>School mascot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-School_mascot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rough Riders</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_Riders" title="Rough Riders – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rough Riders" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_Riders" title="Rough Riders – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rough Riders" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_Riders" title="Rough Riders – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rough Riders" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_Riders" title="Rough Riders – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rough Riders" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="रफ रायडर्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रफ रायडर्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E7%BE%A9%E5%8B%87%E9%A8%8E%E5%85%B5%E9%9A%8A" title="第1合衆国義勇騎兵隊 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第1合衆国義勇騎兵隊" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_Riders" title="Rough Riders – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rough Riders" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_Riders" title="Rough Riders – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rough Riders" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_Riders" title="Rough Riders – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rough Riders" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Мужественные всадники – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мужественные всадники" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_Riders" title="Rough Riders – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rough Riders" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%BF%97%E9%A1%98%E9%A8%8E%E5%85%B5%E5%9C%98" title="美國第一志願騎兵團 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美國第一志願騎兵團" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2093017#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rough_Riders" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Rough_Riders" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rough_Riders"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rough_Riders"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Rough_Riders" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Rough_Riders" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&oldid=1258798635" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Rough_Riders&id=1258798635&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRough_Riders"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRough_Riders"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Rough_Riders&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rough_Riders" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2093017" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Nickname for the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the US cavalry regiment. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rough_Riders_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rough Riders (disambiguation)">Rough Riders (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry Regiment</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:RoughRiders.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/RoughRiders.jpeg/220px-RoughRiders.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/RoughRiders.jpeg/330px-RoughRiders.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/RoughRiders.jpeg/440px-RoughRiders.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3356" data-file-height="2722" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Rough Riders at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill" title="Battle of San Juan Hill">Battle of San Juan Hill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a> in July 1898</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1898</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">1,060 soldiers<br />1,258 horses</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Rough Riders</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Guasimas" title="Battle of Las Guasimas">Battle of Las Guasimas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill" title="Battle of San Juan Hill">Battle of San Juan Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Santiago" title="Siege of Santiago">Siege of Santiago</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable<br />commanders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Wood" title="Leonard Wood">Leonard Wood</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>Rough Riders</b> was a nickname given to the <b>1st United States Volunteer Cavalry</b>, one of three such regiments raised in 1898 for the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a> and the only one to see combat. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> was small, understaffed, and disorganized in comparison to its status during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> roughly thirty years prior. Following the sinking of <a href="/wiki/USS_Maine_(1889)" title="USS Maine (1889)">USS <i>Maine</i></a>, President <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> needed to muster a strong ground force swiftly, which he did by calling for 125,000 volunteers to assist in the war. The U.S. had gone to war in opposition to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Spain">Spanish colonial</a> policies in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, which was then torn by a rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The regiment was also nicknamed <b>"Wood's Weary Walkers"</b> for its first commander, <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Wood" title="Leonard Wood">Leonard Wood</a>. This reflected their dissatisfaction that despite being cavalry, they ended up fighting in Cuba as <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a>, since their horses were not sent there with them. </p><p>Wood's second in command was former Assistant Secretary of the Navy <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>, who later became president, a strong advocate for the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_War_of_Independence" title="Cuban War of Independence">Cuban War of Independence</a>. When Wood was promoted to become commander of the 2nd Cavalry Brigade, the regiment became known as "Roosevelt's Rough Riders". That term was borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bill" title="Buffalo Bill">Buffalo Bill</a>, who called <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bill%27s_Wild_West_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show">his traveling Western show</a> "Buffalo Bill's Wild West and Congress of Rough Riders of the World."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original plan called for the regiment to be composed of frontiersmen from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">New Mexico Territory</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Territory" title="Arizona Territory">Arizona Territory</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Territory" title="Oklahoma Territory">Oklahoma Territory</a>. However, after Roosevelt joined the ranks, it attracted an odd mixture of <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> athletes, <a href="/wiki/Glee_club" title="Glee club">glee club</a> singers, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Ranger_Division" title="Texas Ranger Division">Texas Rangers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All accepted into the regiment had to be skilled horsemen and eager to see combat. The Rough Riders would receive more publicity than any other Army unit in that war, and they are best remembered for their conduct during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill" title="Battle of San Juan Hill">Battle of San Juan Hill</a>, though it is seldom mentioned how heavily they outnumbered the Spanish soldiers who opposed them. Several days after the Battle of San Juan Hill, the Spanish fleet sailed from Cuba, and in only a few weeks an armistice ending the fighting was signed. Despite the brevity of their service, the Rough Riders became legendary, thanks in large part to Roosevelt's writing his own history of the regiment and the silent film reenactments made years later. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation">Formation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Col_roosevelt_rough_rider.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Col_roosevelt_rough_rider.jpg/220px-Col_roosevelt_rough_rider.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Col_roosevelt_rough_rider.jpg/330px-Col_roosevelt_rough_rider.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Col_roosevelt_rough_rider.jpg/440px-Col_roosevelt_rough_rider.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3215" data-file-height="5232" /></a><figcaption>Colonel Theodore Roosevelt in his Rough Riders uniform on October 26, 1898, by <a href="/wiki/George_G._Rockwood" title="George G. Rockwood">Rockwood</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The volunteers were gathered in four areas: Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. They were gathered mainly from the southwest because the hot climate region that the men were used to was similar to that of Cuba where they would be fighting. "The difficulty in organizing was not in selecting, but in rejecting men."<sup id="cite_ref-TR_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5">: 5 </span></sup> The allowed limit set for the volunteer cavalry men was promptly met. With news trickling down of Spanish aggression and the sinking of the USS <i>Maine</i>, men flocked from every corner of the regions to display their patriotism. They gathered a diverse bunch of men consisting of cowboys, gold or mining prospectors, hunters, gamblers, Native Americans, and college boys—all of whom were able-bodied and capable on horseback and in shooting. Half the unit would come from New Mexico according to Roosevelt.<sup id="cite_ref-NM_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NM-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NM2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NM2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among these men were also police officers and military veterans who wished to see action again, most of whom had already retired. Thirty years removed from any armed conflict, men who had served in the regular army during campaigns against Native Americans or during the Civil War sought out to serve as higher-ranking officers,<sup id="cite_ref-TR_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 10">: 10 </span></sup> since they already had the knowledge and experience to lead and train the men. The unit thus would not be without experience. <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Wood" title="Leonard Wood">Leonard Wood</a>, an Army doctor who served as the medical adviser for both the President and Secretary of War, was appointed colonel of The Rough Riders, with Roosevelt serving as lieutenant colonel.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One particularly famous spot where volunteers were gathered was in San Antonio, Texas, at the <a href="/wiki/Menger_Hotel" title="Menger Hotel">Menger Hotel</a> Bar. The bar is still open and serves as a tribute to the Rough Riders, containing much of their and Theodore Roosevelt's uniforms and memories.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Equipment">Equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before training began, Lieutenant Colonel Roosevelt used his political influence as Assistant Secretary of the Navy to ensure that his volunteer regiment would be as properly equipped to serve as any regular Army unit. The Rough Riders were armed with Model 1896 Carbines in caliber .30 US (i.e., <a href="/wiki/.30-40_Krag" title=".30-40 Krag">.30-40 Krag</a>). "They succeeded in getting their cartridges, <a href="/wiki/Colt_Single_Action_Army" title="Colt Single Action Army">Colt Single Action Army</a> revolvers, clothing, shelter-tents, and horse gear ... and in getting the regiment armed with the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Model_1892%E2%80%9399" title="Springfield Model 1892–99">Springfield Krag</a> <a href="/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine">carbine</a> used by the regular cavalry."<sup id="cite_ref-TR_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5">: 5 </span></sup> The Rough Riders also used <a href="/wiki/Bowie_knife" title="Bowie knife">Bowie</a> knives. A last-minute gift from a wealthy donor were a pair of modern tripod mounted, gas-operated <a href="/wiki/M1895_Colt%E2%80%93Browning_machine_gun" title="M1895 Colt–Browning machine gun">M1895 Colt–Browning machine guns</a> in <a href="/wiki/7x57mm_Mauser" class="mw-redirect" title="7x57mm Mauser">7mm Mauser</a> caliber. </p><p>In contrast, the uniforms of the regiment were designed to set the unit apart: "The Rough Rider uniform was a <a href="/wiki/Slouch_hat" title="Slouch hat">slouch hat</a>, blue flannel shirt, brown trousers, leggings, and boots, with handkerchiefs knotted loosely around their necks. They looked exactly as a body of cowboy cavalry should look."<sup id="cite_ref-TR_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 22">: 22 </span></sup> This "rough and tumble" appearance contributed to earning them the title of "The Rough Riders." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training">Training</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Training was very standard, even for a cavalry unit. They worked on basic military drills, protocol, and habits involving conduct, obedience, and etiquette to improve their overall physique and mental status. The men proved eager to learn what was necessary and the training went smoothly. It was decided that the men would not be trained to use the saber as cavalry often did, as they had no experience with it. Instead, they used their carbines and revolvers as primary and secondary weapons. Although the men, for the most part, were already experienced horsemen, the officers refined their techniques in riding, shooting from horseback, and practicing in formations and in skirmishes. Along with these practices, the high-ranking men heavily studied books filled with tactics and drills to better themselves in leading the others. During times which physical drills could not be run, either because of confinement on board the train, ship, or during times where space was inadequate, there were some books that were read further as to leave no time wasted in preparation for war. The competent training that the volunteer men received prepared them best as possible for their duty.<sup id="cite_ref-TR_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1–22">: 1–22 </span></sup> Although training methods were standard, the mass mobilization of troops from diverse regions resulted in an exceptionally high death rate from disease, particularly typhoid fever. Of the 1,832 deaths attributed to disease, 1,590 were specifically caused by typhoid fever. Notably, a significant portion of these fatalities occurred at training sites in the southeastern United States. <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spanish–American_War"><span id="Spanish.E2.80.93American_War"></span>Spanish–American War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Spanish–American War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rough_Riders_arrive_at_Tampa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Rough_Riders_arrive_at_Tampa.jpg/220px-Rough_Riders_arrive_at_Tampa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Rough_Riders_arrive_at_Tampa.jpg/330px-Rough_Riders_arrive_at_Tampa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Rough_Riders_arrive_at_Tampa.jpg/440px-Rough_Riders_arrive_at_Tampa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption>Troops arriving in Tampa</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yucatan_carrying_rough_riders_to_cuba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Yucatan_carrying_rough_riders_to_cuba.jpg/220px-Yucatan_carrying_rough_riders_to_cuba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Yucatan_carrying_rough_riders_to_cuba.jpg/330px-Yucatan_carrying_rough_riders_to_cuba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Yucatan_carrying_rough_riders_to_cuba.jpg/440px-Yucatan_carrying_rough_riders_to_cuba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1418" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Rough Riders heading to Cuba aboard the steamship <i>Yucatan</i>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Departure_from_the_United_States">Departure from the United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Departure from the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 29, 1898, 1,060 Rough Riders and 1,258 of their horses and mules made their way to the Southern Pacific railroad to travel to <a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a>, where they would set off for Cuba. The lot awaited orders for departure from Major General <a href="/wiki/William_Rufus_Shafter" title="William Rufus Shafter">William Rufus Shafter</a>. Under heavy prompting from Washington D.C., General Shafter gave the order to dispatch the troops early before sufficient traveling storage was available. Due to this problem, only eight of the 12 companies of The Rough Riders were permitted to leave Tampa to engage in the war, and many of the horses and mules were left behind. Aside from Lieutenant-Colonel Roosevelt's first-hand mention of deep, heartfelt sorrow from the men left behind, this situation resulted in a premature weakening of the men. Approximately one-fourth of them who received training had already been lost, most dying of <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a>. This sent the remaining troops into Cuba with a significant loss in men and morale.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon arrival on Cuban shores on June 23, 1898, the men promptly unloaded themselves and the small amount of equipment they carried with them. Camp was set up nearby and the men were to remain there until further orders had been given to advance. Further supplies were unloaded from the ships over the next day including the very few horses that were allowed on the journey. "The great shortcoming throughout the campaign was the utterly inadequate transportation. If they had been allowed to take our mule-train, they could have kept the whole cavalry division supplied," Roosevelt later wrote.<sup id="cite_ref-TR_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 45">: 45 </span></sup> Each man was only able to carry a few days worth of food which had to last them longer and fuel their bodies for rigorous tasks. Even after only 75 percent of the total number of cavalrymen was allowed to embark into Cuba, they were still without most of the horses they had so heavily been trained and accustomed to using. They were not trained as infantry and were not conditioned to doing heavy marching, especially long-distance in hot, humid, and dense jungle conditions. This ultimately served as a severe disadvantage to the men who had yet to see combat.<sup id="cite_ref-TR_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 45">: 45 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Las_Guasimas">Battle of Las Guasimas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Battle of Las Guasimas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stand_of_the_Rough_Riders_at_Las_Guasimas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Stand_of_the_Rough_Riders_at_Las_Guasimas.jpg/220px-Stand_of_the_Rough_Riders_at_Las_Guasimas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Stand_of_the_Rough_Riders_at_Las_Guasimas.jpg/330px-Stand_of_the_Rough_Riders_at_Las_Guasimas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Stand_of_the_Rough_Riders_at_Las_Guasimas.jpg/440px-Stand_of_the_Rough_Riders_at_Las_Guasimas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2512" data-file-height="3973" /></a><figcaption>"The Battle of Las Guasimas, June 24 - The heroic stand of the 'Rough Riders'" in <i>Harper's Pictorial History of the War with Spain</i>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Guasimas" title="Battle of Las Guasimas">Battle of Las Guasimas</a></div> <p>Within another day of camp being established, men were sent forward into the jungle for reconnaissance purposes, and before too long they returned with news of a Spanish outpost, Las Guasimas. By afternoon, The Rough Riders were given the command to begin marching towards Las Guasimas, to eliminate opposition and secure the area which stood in the path of further military advance. Upon arrival at their relative destination, the men slept through the night in a crude encampment nearby the Spanish outpost they would attack early the next morning.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American side included the 1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry, under <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Wood" title="Leonard Wood">Leonard Wood</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="1st Cavalry Regiment (United States)">1st U.S. Regular Cavalry</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/10th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="10th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">10th U.S. Regular Cavalry</a> (this consisted of <a href="/wiki/Afro-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-American">Afro-American</a> soldiers, then called <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_soldiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo soldiers">Buffalo soldiers</a>). Supported by artillery, the American forces numbered 964 men,<sup id="cite_ref-Wheeler_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wheeler-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 9">: 9 </span></sup> supported by 800 men from Castillo.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="A ref tag named Nofi with a notation for page 124 was specified, but no citation was provided in the article for the tag name. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Spanish held an advantage over the Americans by knowing their way through the complicated trails in the area of combat. They predicted where the Americans would be traveling on foot and exactly what positions to fire on. They also were able to utilize the land and cover in such a way that they were difficult to spot. Along with this, their guns used <a href="/wiki/Smokeless_powder" title="Smokeless powder">smokeless powder</a> which did not give away their immediate position upon firing as other gunpowders would have. This increased the difficulty of finding the opposition for the U.S. soldiers. In some locations, the jungle was too thick to see very far.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rough Riders on both left and right sides of the trail moved forward and eventually forced the Spaniards back to their second line of trenches. Continuing to advance, the Rough Riders eventually forced the Spanish to withdraw completely from their final positions. Rough Riders from A Troop on the far-right linked up with their regular counterparts and helped them seize the Spanish positions on the long finger-like hill to the right of the right road, with both Rough Riders and Regulars meeting at the base of the hill. By this time it was approximately 9:30 a.m. Reinforcements from the regular 9th Cavalry arrived 30 minutes after the fight.<sup id="cite_ref-bartleby.com_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bartleby.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>General <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Baldwin_Marks_Young" title="Samuel Baldwin Marks Young">Young</a>, who was in command of the regulars and cavalry, began the attack in the early morning. Using long-range, large-caliber <a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_gun" title="Hotchkiss gun">Hotchkiss guns</a>, he fired at the opposition, who were reportedly concealed along trenches, roads, bridges, and jungle cover. Colonel Wood's men, accompanied by Lieutenant-Colonel Roosevelt, were not yet in the same vicinity as the other men at the start of the battle. They had a more difficult path to travel around the time the battle began, and at first they had to make their way up a very steep hill. "Many of the men, footsore and weary from their march of the preceding day, found the pace up this hill too hard, and either dropped their bundles or fell out of line, with the result that we went into action with less than five hundred men."<sup id="cite_ref-TR_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 50">: 50 </span></sup> Lieutenant-Colonel Roosevelt became aware that there were countless opportunities for any man to fall out of formation and resign from battle without notice as the jungle was often too thick in places to see through. This was yet another event that left the group with fewer men than they had at the start. </p><p>Regardless, The Rough Riders pushed forward toward the outpost along with the regulars. Using careful observation, the officers were able to locate where the opposition was hidden in the brush and entrenchments and they were able to target their men properly to overcome them. Toward the end of the battle, Edward Marshall, a newspaper writer, was inspired by the men around him in the heat of battle to pick up a rifle and begin fighting alongside them. When he suffered a gunshot wound in the spine from one of the Spaniards, another soldier mistook him as Colonel Wood from afar and ran back from the front line to report his death. Due to this misconception, Roosevelt temporarily took command as colonel and gathered the troops together with his leadership charisma. The battle lasted an hour and a half from beginning to end with The Rough Riders suffering eight dead and 31 wounded, including Captain <a href="/wiki/Allyn_K._Capron_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Allyn K. Capron Jr.">Allyn K. Capron Jr.</a> Roosevelt came across Colonel Wood in full health after the battle finished and stepped down from his position to lieutenant-colonel.<sup id="cite_ref-TR_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 49–60">: 49–60 </span></sup> </p><p>The United States had full control of this Spanish outpost on the road to Santiago by the end of the battle. General Shafter had the men hold position for six days while additional supplies were brought ashore. During this time, The Rough Riders ate, slept, cared for the wounded, and buried the dead from both sides. During the six-day encampment, some men died from fever. Among those stricken by illness was General <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wheeler" title="Joseph Wheeler">Joseph Wheeler</a>. Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Sumner" title="Samuel S. Sumner">Samuel Sumner</a> assumed command of the cavalry and Wood took the second brigade as brigadier general. This left Roosevelt as colonel of The Rough Riders.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill">Battle of San Juan Hill</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Battle of San Juan Hill"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill" title="Battle of San Juan Hill">Battle of San Juan Hill</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SanJuanHeightsUSArmyencampmentKettleHillJuly1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/SanJuanHeightsUSArmyencampmentKettleHillJuly1898.jpg/220px-SanJuanHeightsUSArmyencampmentKettleHillJuly1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/SanJuanHeightsUSArmyencampmentKettleHillJuly1898.jpg/330px-SanJuanHeightsUSArmyencampmentKettleHillJuly1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/SanJuanHeightsUSArmyencampmentKettleHillJuly1898.jpg/440px-SanJuanHeightsUSArmyencampmentKettleHillJuly1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="369" /></a><figcaption>US Army encampment, 1st Volunteer Cavalry, Rough Riders, at the base of Kettle Hill about July 5, 1898. San Juan Hill and block houses are in background.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SanJuanHeights1898USArmyencampmentJuly1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/SanJuanHeights1898USArmyencampmentJuly1898.jpg/220px-SanJuanHeights1898USArmyencampmentJuly1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/SanJuanHeights1898USArmyencampmentJuly1898.jpg/330px-SanJuanHeights1898USArmyencampmentJuly1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/SanJuanHeights1898USArmyencampmentJuly1898.jpg/440px-SanJuanHeights1898USArmyencampmentJuly1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="285" /></a><figcaption>US Army photo taken near the base of Kettle Hill about July 4, 1898. The soldier is pointing up to the top of Kettle Hill. In the background are the block houses on San Juan Hill and the American encampment.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Rough_Riders_charging_up_the_San_Juan_Hill_cph.3b30041u.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/The_Rough_Riders_charging_up_the_San_Juan_Hill_cph.3b30041u.jpg/220px-The_Rough_Riders_charging_up_the_San_Juan_Hill_cph.3b30041u.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/The_Rough_Riders_charging_up_the_San_Juan_Hill_cph.3b30041u.jpg/330px-The_Rough_Riders_charging_up_the_San_Juan_Hill_cph.3b30041u.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/The_Rough_Riders_charging_up_the_San_Juan_Hill_cph.3b30041u.jpg/440px-The_Rough_Riders_charging_up_the_San_Juan_Hill_cph.3b30041u.jpg 2x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="919" /></a><figcaption><i>The Fight for Santiago. The "Rough Riders" charging up the San Juan Hill, July 1, and driving the Spanish from their intrenchments</i> [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>]. Illustration from <i><a href="/wiki/McClure%27s" title="McClure's">McClure's</a></i>, October 1898</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SanJuanHeightsUSArmyJuly1898VictorsKettleHill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black-and-white photo of US Army soldiers on July 3, 1898, in an upside-down V-type formation on top of Kettle Hill, two American flags in center and right. Soldiers facing camera." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/SanJuanHeightsUSArmyJuly1898VictorsKettleHill.jpg/440px-SanJuanHeightsUSArmyJuly1898VictorsKettleHill.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/SanJuanHeightsUSArmyJuly1898VictorsKettleHill.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="349" /></a><figcaption>Original title: "Colonel Roosevelt and his Rough Riders at the top of the hill which they captured, Battle of San Juan Hill." US Army victors on Kettle Hill about July 3, 1898 after the battle of "San Juan Hill(s)." Left to right is 3rd US Cavalry, 1st Volunteer Cavalry (Col. Theodore Roosevelt center) and 10th US Cavalry. A second similar picture is often shown cropping out all but the 1st Vol Cav and TR.</figcaption></figure> <p>The order was given for the men to march the eight miles (13 km) along the road to Santiago from the outpost they had been holding. Originally, Colonel Roosevelt had no specific orders for himself and his men. They were simply to march to the base of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill" title="Battle of San Juan Hill">San Juan Heights</a>, defended by over 1,000 Spanish soldiers, and keep the enemy occupied. This way the Spanish would be forced to hold their ground while being bombarded by American artillery. The main attack would be carried out by Brigadier General Henry Lawton's division against the Spanish stronghold El Caney a few miles away. The Rough Riders were to meet up with them mid-battle.<sup id="cite_ref-TR_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 69–70">: 69–70 </span></sup> </p><p>San Juan Hill and another hill were separated by a small valley and pond with the river near the foot of both. Together, this geography formed San Juan Heights. The battle of San Juan Heights began with an artillery barrage on the Spanish position. When the Spanish returned fire, the Rough Riders had to move promptly to avoid shells as they were occupying the same space as the friendly artillery. Colonel Roosevelt and his men made their way to the foot of what was dubbed Kettle Hill for the old sugar refinement cauldrons which lay along it.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There they took cover along the riverbank and tall grass to avoid sniper and artillery fire, but they were left vulnerable and pinned down. The Spanish rifles were able to discharge eight rounds in the 20 seconds it took for the United States rifles to reload. </p><p>Theodore Roosevelt, deeply dissatisfied with General Shafter's lack of reconnaissance and failure to issue specific orders, became uneasy with the idea of his men being left sitting in the line of fire. He sent messengers to seek out one of the generals and coax orders from them to advance from their position. Finally, the Rough Riders received orders to assist the regulars in their assault on the hill's front. Roosevelt, riding on horseback, got his men onto their feet and into position to begin making their way up the hill. He later claimed that he wished to fight on foot as he did at Las Guasimas, but that would have made it too difficult to move up and down the hill to supervise his men effectively. He also recognized that he could see his men better from the elevated horseback, and they could see him better as well.<sup id="cite_ref-TR_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 75">: 75 </span></sup> Roosevelt chided his own men to not leave him alone in a charge up the hill, and drawing his sidearm, promised nearby black soldiers separated from their own units that he would fire at them if they turned back, warning them he kept his promises. His Rough Riders chanted (likely in jest): "Oh he always does, he always does!" The soldiers, laughing, fell in with the volunteers to prepare for the assault.<sup id="cite_ref-TR_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 49">: 49 </span></sup> </p><p>As the troops of the various units began slowly creeping up the hill, firing their rifles at the opposition as they climbed, Roosevelt went to the captain of the platoons in the back and had a word with him. He stated that it was his opinion that they could not effectively take the hill due to an insufficient ability to effectively return fire, and that the solution was to charge it full-on. The captain reiterated his colonel's orders to hold position. Roosevelt, recognizing the absence of the other colonel, declared himself the ranking officer and ordered a charge up Kettle Hill. The captain stood hesitant, and Colonel Roosevelt rode off on his horse, Texas, leading his own men uphill while waving his hat in the air and cheering. The Rough Riders followed him with enthusiasm and obedience without hesitation. By then, the other men from the different units on the hill became stirred by this event and began bolting up the hill alongside their countrymen. The 'charge' was actually a series of short rushes by mixed groups of regulars and Rough Riders. Within 20 minutes, Kettle Hill was taken, though casualties were heavy. The rest of San Juan Heights was taken within the following hour.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Rough Riders' charge on Kettle Hill was facilitated by a hail of high caliber covering fire from three <a href="/wiki/Gatling_Gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Gatling Gun">Gatling Guns</a> commanded by Lt. <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Parker_(General)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Henry Parker (General)">John H. Parker</a>, which fired some 18,000 <a href="/wiki/.30-40" class="mw-redirect" title=".30-40">.30 Army</a> rounds into the Spanish trenches atop the crest of both hills. Col. Roosevelt noted that the hammering sound of the Gatling guns visibly raised the spirits of his men: </p> <blockquote><p>"There suddenly smote on our ears a peculiar drumming sound. One or two of the men cried out, 'The Spanish machine guns!' but, after listening a moment, I leaped to my feet and called, 'It's the Gatlings, men! Our Gatlings!' Immediately the troopers began to cheer lustily, for the sound was most inspiring."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Trooper Jesse D. Langdon of the 1st Volunteer Infantry, who accompanied Col. Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders in their assault on Kettle Hill, reported: </p> <blockquote><p>"We were exposed to the Spanish fire, but there was very little because just before we started, why, the Gatling guns opened up at the bottom of the hill, and everybody yelled, 'The Gatlings! The Gatlings!' and away we went. The Gatlings just enfiladed the top of those trenches. We'd never have been able to take Kettle Hill if it hadn't been for Parker's Gatling guns."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>A Spanish counterattack on Kettle Hill by some 600 infantry was quickly devastated by one of Lt. Parker's Gatling guns recently emplaced on the summit of San Juan Hill, which killed all but 40 of the attackers before they had closed to within 250 yards (230 m) of the Americans on Kettle Hill.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Col. Roosevelt was so impressed by the actions of Lt. Parker and his men that he placed his regiment's two 7mm Colt–Browning machine guns and the volunteers manning them under Parker, who immediately emplaced them—along with 10,000 rounds of captured 7mm Mauser ammunition—at tactical firing points in the American line.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Colonel Roosevelt gave a large share of the credit for the successful charge to Lt. Parker and his Gatling Gun Detachment: </p><blockquote><p>"I think Parker deserved rather more credit than any other one man in the entire campaign ... he had the rare good judgment and foresight to see the possibilities of the machine-guns..He then, by his own exertions, got it to the front and proved that it could do invaluable work on the field of battle, as much in attack as in defense."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>America's conflict with Spain was later described as a "splendid little war" and for Theodore Roosevelt it certainly was. His combat experience consisted of one week's campaign with one day of hard fighting. "The charge itself was great fun", he declared, and "Oh, but we had a bully fight." His actions during the battle earned a recommendation for the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a>, but politics intervened and the request was denied. The rejection crushed Roosevelt, yet notability from the charge up San Juan Hill was instrumental in propelling him to the governorship of New York in 1899. The following year Roosevelt was selected to fill the vice presidential spot in President McKinley's successful run for a second term. With McKinley's assassination in September 1901, Roosevelt became president.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the confusion surrounding their departure from Tampa, half the members of the Rough Riders were left behind along with most of the horses. The volunteers made the charge up San Juan Hill on foot. They were joined in the attack by the 10th (Negro) Cavalry. Though the 10th never received the glory for the charge that the Rough Riders did, one of their commanders—<a href="/wiki/John_J._Pershing" title="John J. Pershing">Captain "Black Jack" Pershing</a> (who later commanded American troops in World War I)—was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Star" title="Silver Star">Silver Star</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Siege_of_Santiago">Siege of Santiago</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Siege of Santiago"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Santiago" title="Siege of Santiago">Siege of Santiago</a></div> <p>The Rough Riders played a key role in the outcome of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a> by assisting the American forces in forming a constricting ring around the city of Santiago de Cuba. The ultimate goal of the Americans in capturing the San Juan Heights (also known as Kettle Hill and San Juan Hill) was to attain a strategic position from which to move downhill and attack Santiago, a strong point for the Spanish military. The Spanish had a fleet of cruisers in port. The United States drove the Spanish cruisers out of their port by taking areas around Santiago and subsequently moving in on the city from multiple directions. Two days after the battle on San Juan Heights, the US navy destroyed Spain's Caribbean cruiser fleet at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Battle of Santiago de Cuba">Santiago Bay</a>. This took a tremendous toll on the Spanish military due to their widespread empire and heavy reliance upon naval capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-Dale_L._Walker_2008_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dale_L._Walker_2008-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The primary objective of the American <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Army_Corps_(Spanish%E2%80%93American_War)" title="Fifth Army Corps (Spanish–American War)">Fifth Army Corps</a>' invasion of Cuba was the capture of the city of <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a>. U.S. forces had driven back the Spaniards' first line of defense at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Guasimas" title="Battle of Las Guasimas">Battle of Las Guasimas</a>, after which General <a href="/wiki/Arsenio_Linares" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenio Linares">Arsenio Linares</a> pulled his troops back to the main line of defense against Santiago along San Juan Heights. In the charge at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill" title="Battle of San Juan Hill">Battle of San Juan Hill</a> U.S. forces captured the Spanish position. At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_El_Caney" title="Battle of El Caney">Battle of El Caney</a> the same day, U.S. forces took the fortified Spanish position and were then able to extend the U.S. flank on San Juan Hill. The destruction of the Spanish fleet at the Battle of Santiago de Cuba allowed U.S. forces to safely besiege the city. </p><p>However, the sinking of the Spanish cruisers did not mean the end of the war. Battles continued in and around Santiago. On July 16, after both governments agreed to the terms of capitulation ("surrender" was avoided), in which Toral surrendered his garrison and all troops in the Division of Santiago, an additional 9,000 soldiers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="A ref tag named Nofi with a notation for page 210 was specified, but no citation was provided in the article for the tag name. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Spanish also ceded <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Guantanamo City">Guantanamo City</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Luis,_Santiago_de_Cuba" title="San Luis, Santiago de Cuba">San Luis</a>. The Spanish troops marched out of Santiago on July 17.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="A ref tag named Nofi with a notation for page 210 was specified, but no citation was provided in the article for the tag name. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> By July 17, 1898, the Spanish forces in Santiago surrendered to General Shafter and the United States military. Various battles in the region continued on and the United States was continuously victorious. On August 12, 1898, the Spanish Government surrendered to the United States and agreed to an armistice that relinquished their control of Cuba. The armistice also gained the United States the territories of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. This large acquisition of land elevated the United States to the level of an imperial power. The Spanish–American War also began a trend of United States intervention in foreign affairs which has lasted to the present day.<sup id="cite_ref-Dale_L._Walker_2008_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dale_L._Walker_2008-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_home">Return home</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Return home"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On August 14, the Rough Riders landed at <a href="/wiki/Montauk_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Montauk Point">Montauk Point</a> on Long Island, New York. There, they met up with the other four companies that had been left behind in Tampa. Colonel Roosevelt made note of how very many of the men who were left behind felt guilty for not serving in Cuba with the others. However, he also stated that "those who stayed had done their duty precisely as did those who went, for the question of glory was not to be considered in comparison to the faithful performance of whatever was ordered."<sup id="cite_ref-TR_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 130">: 130 </span></sup> During the first portion of the month that the men stayed in Montauk, they received hospital care, especially from nurses like <a href="/wiki/Sister_Regina_Purtell" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister Regina Purtell">Sister Regina Purtell</a>, who was so competent and beloved by the men that she became friends with Teddy Roosevelt and later cared for him personally when he was hospitalized.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the men were stricken with malarial fever (described at the time as "<a href="/wiki/Cuban_fever" title="Cuban fever">Cuban fever</a>") and died in Cuba, while some were brought back to the United States on board the ship in makeshift quarantine. "One of the distressing features of the Malaria which had been ravaging the troops was that it was recurrent and persistent. Some of the men died after reaching home, and many were very sick."<sup id="cite_ref-TR_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 129">: 129 </span></sup> Aside from malaria, there were cases of yellow fever, <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a>, and other illnesses. Many of the men suffered from general exhaustion and were in poor condition upon returning home, some 20 pounds lighter. Everyone received fresh food and most were nourished back to their normal health.<sup id="cite_ref-TR_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 129">: 129 </span></sup> </p><p>The rest of the month in <a href="/wiki/Camp_Wikoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Wikoff">Camp Wikoff</a>, was spent in celebration of victory among the troops. The regiment was presented with three different mascots that represented the Rough Riders: a <a href="/wiki/Mountain_lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain lion">mountain lion</a> by the name of Josephine that was brought to Tampa by some troops from Arizona, a war eagle named in Colonel Roosevelt's honor brought in by some New Mexican troops, and lastly a small dog by the name of Cuba who had been brought along on the journey overseas. Accompanying the presented mascots was a young boy who had stowed away on the ship before it embarked to Cuba. He was discovered with a rifle and boxes of ammunition and was, of course, sent ashore before departure from the United States. He was taken in by the regiment that was left behind, given a small Rough Riders uniform, and made an honorary member. The men also made sure to honor their colonel in return for his stellar leadership and service. They presented him with a small bronze statue of Remington's "<a href="/wiki/The_Bronco_Buster" title="The Bronco Buster">Bronco Buster</a>" which portrayed a cowboy riding a violently bucking horse. "There could have been no more appropriate gift from such a regiment ... most of them looked upon the bronze with the critical eyes of professionals. I doubt if there was any regiment in the world which contained so large a number of men able to ride the wildest and most dangerous horses."<sup id="cite_ref-TR_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 133">: 133 </span></sup> After the turning over of their gift, each and every man in the regiment walked by and shook Colonel Roosevelt's hand and bid him a good-bye.<sup id="cite_ref-TR_4-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 133">: 133 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disbandment">Disbandment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Disbandment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the morning of September 15, 1898, the regimental property including all equipment, firearms and horses were turned back over to the United States government. The soldiers said one last good-bye to each other and the United States First Volunteer Cavalry, Roosevelt's Rough Riders, was disbanded. Before they returned to their homes across the country, Colonel Roosevelt gave them a short speech commending their efforts, expressing his profound pride, and reminding them that although heroes, they would have to integrate back into normal society and work as hard as everyone else. Many of the men were unable to regain the jobs they had before leaving to join the war. Some, due to illness or injury, were unable to work. A number of wealthier supporters donated money to help the needy veterans, though many were too proud to accept.<sup id="cite_ref-TR_4-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 134–138">: 134–138 </span></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rough_Riders-3c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rough_Riders-3c.jpg/220px-Rough_Riders-3c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rough_Riders-3c.jpg/330px-Rough_Riders-3c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rough_Riders-3c.jpg/440px-Rough_Riders-3c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1309" data-file-height="840" /></a><figcaption>US Postage Stamp, 1948 issue, commemorating 50th anniversary of Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders.</figcaption></figure><p> A first reunion of the Rough Riders was held in the <a href="/wiki/Plaza_Hotel_(Las_Vegas,_New_Mexico)" title="Plaza Hotel (Las Vegas, New Mexico)">Plaza Hotel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_New_Mexico" title="Las Vegas, New Mexico">Las Vegas, New Mexico</a>, in 1899.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roosevelt, then <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor of New York</a>, attended this event.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris2006_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris2006-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the contributions of the New Mexicans and Southwesterners to the Rough Riders, Roosevelt said; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The majority of you Rough Riders came from the Southwest. I shall ever keep in mind the valor you showed as you charged up the slope of San Juan Hill. I owe you men. . . . If New Mexico wants to be a state, I will go down to Washington to speak for her and do anything I can.<sup id="cite_ref-NM_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NM-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Roosevelt would go on to be a strong proponent for Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Arizona's statehood during his time in the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a>, even making it a plank of the <a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election" title="1900 United States presidential election">1900 Republican party</a> platform.<sup id="cite_ref-BRAE_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BRAE-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1948, 50 years after the Rough Riders disbandment, the U.S. Post office issued a commemorative stamp in their honor and memory. The stamp depicts <a href="/wiki/Buckey_O%27Neill" title="Buckey O'Neill">Captain William Owen "Bucky" O'Neill</a>, who was killed in action while leading troop A at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill" title="Battle of San Juan Hill">Battle of San Juan Hill</a>, July 1, 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-Roughriders_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roughriders-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rough Riders continued to have annual reunions in Las Vegas until 1967, when the sole veteran to attend was Jesse Langdon. He died in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris2006_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris2006-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Last_survivors">Last survivors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Last survivors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The last three surviving veterans of the regiment were Frank C. Brito, Jesse Langdon, and Ralph Waldo Taylor. </p><p>Brito was from <a href="/wiki/Las_Cruces,_New_Mexico" title="Las Cruces, New Mexico">Las Cruces, New Mexico</a>. His father was a <a href="/wiki/Yaqui_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaqui people">Yaqui</a> Indian <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach" title="Stagecoach">stagecoach</a> operator. Brito was 21 when he enlisted with his brother in May 1898. He never made it to Cuba, having been a member of H Troop, one of the four left behind in Tampa. He later became a mining engineer and lawman. He died on 22 April 1973, at the age of 96.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Langdon, born in 1881 in what is now <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Hobo" title="Hobo">hoboed</a>" his way to Washington, D.C., and called on Roosevelt at the Navy Department, reminding him that his father, a veterinarian, had treated Roosevelt's cattle at his Dakota ranch during his ranching days. Roosevelt arranged a railroad ticket for him to San Antonio, where Langdon enlisted in the Rough Riders at age 16. He was the penultimate surviving member of the regiment and the only one to attend the final two reunions, in 1967 and 1968. He died on 29 June 1975, at the age of 94, 26 months after Brito.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Taylor was just 16 years old in 1898 when he lied about his age to enlist in the New York National Guard, serving in Company K of the 71st Infantry Regiment. He died on 15 May 1987, at the age of 105.<sup id="cite_ref-lastrider_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lastrider-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_I">World War I</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Just after the United States entered the war against the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a> gave Roosevelt the authority to raise up to four divisions similar to the <i>Rough Riders</i>. In his book Foes of Our Own Household (1917), Theodore Roosevelt explains that he had authorization from Congress to raise four divisions to fight in France, similar to his earlier Rough Riders, the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry Regiment and to the British Army 25th (Frontiersmen) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers. He had selected 18 officers (including <a href="/wiki/Seth_Bullock" title="Seth Bullock">Seth Bullock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Russell_Burnham" title="Frederick Russell Burnham">Frederick Russell Burnham</a>, James Rudolph Garfield, John M. Parker, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Stimson" title="Henry L. Stimson">Henry L. Stimson</a>) and directed them to actively recruit volunteer troops shortly after the United States entered the war. With the help of John Hays Hammond, the New York-based <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_Club" title="Rocky Mountain Club">Rocky Mountain Club</a> enlisted Major Burnham to raise the troops in the Western states and to coordinate recruitment efforts. Wilson ultimately rejected Roosevelt's plan, refused to make use of the volunteers, and Roosevelt disbanded the unit. </p><p>Outside the volunteer division, one of Roosevelt's most trusted officers from the Rough Riders, Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_Greenway" title="John Campbell Greenway">John Campbell Greenway</a>, served in the <a href="/wiki/101st_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="101st Infantry Regiment (United States)">101st Infantry Regiment</a>. Greenway, a colonel at the time, was especially praised for his heroic conduct in battle and was cited for bravery at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1918)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1918)">Cambrai</a>. France awarded him the <a href="/wiki/Croix_de_guerre_1914-1918_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Croix de guerre 1914-1918 (France)">Croix de Guerre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Legion of Honor</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ordre_de_l%27%C3%89toile_Noire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordre de l'Étoile Noire">Ordre de l'Étoile Noire</a> for commanding the <a href="/wiki/101st_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="101st Infantry Regiment (United States)">101st Infantry Regiment</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Meuse-Argonne_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Meuse-Argonne Offensive">Meuse-Argonne Offensive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also received a <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Service Cross (United States)">Distinguished Service Cross</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Muster_roll">Muster roll</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Muster roll"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TicketRoughRidersMonumentFundraiserCPPorter1906.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/TicketRoughRidersMonumentFundraiserCPPorter1906.jpg/350px-TicketRoughRidersMonumentFundraiserCPPorter1906.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/TicketRoughRidersMonumentFundraiserCPPorter1906.jpg/525px-TicketRoughRidersMonumentFundraiserCPPorter1906.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/TicketRoughRidersMonumentFundraiserCPPorter1906.jpg/700px-TicketRoughRidersMonumentFundraiserCPPorter1906.jpg 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>Ticket for a 1906 fund-raising event to help finance a monument for the Rough Riders erected later in 1906</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Mustered In:</li></ul> <dl><dd>Officers: 56</dd> <dd>Enlisted Men: 994</dd></dl> <ul><li>Mustered Out:</li></ul> <dl><dd>Officers: 76</dd> <dd>Enlisted Men: 1,090</dd></dl> <ul><li>Total Number Accounted for on Muster Out Roll:</li></ul> <dl><dd>Officers: 52</dd> <dd>Enlisted Men: 1,185</dd></dl> <ul><li>Losses While in Service:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Officers:</li></ul> <dl><dd>Promoted or Transferred: 0</dd> <dd>Resigned or Discharged: 2</dd> <dd>Dismissed: 0</dd> <dd>Killed in Action: 2</dd> <dd>Died of Wounds: 0</dd> <dd>Died of Disease: 1</dd> <dd>Died of Accident: 0</dd> <dd>Drowned: 0</dd> <dd>Suicide: 0</dd> <dd>Murdered: 0</dd> <dd>Total Officer losses: 5</dd></dl> <ul><li>Enlisted Men:</li></ul> <dl><dd>Transferred: 0</dd> <dd>Discharged for Disability: 9</dd> <dd>Discharged by General Court Martial: 0</dd> <dd>Discharged by Order: 31</dd> <dd>Killed in Action: 21</dd> <dd>Died of Wounds Received in Action: 3</dd> <dd>Died of Disease: 19</dd> <dd>Died of Accident: 0</dd> <dd>Drowned: 0</dd> <dd>Suicide: 14</dd> <dd>Murdered or Homicide: 0</dd> <dd>Deserted: 12</dd> <dd>Total enlisted Losses: 95</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Wounded:</li></ul> <dl><dd>Officers: 7</dd> <dd>Enlisted Men: 97</dd></dl> <ul><li>(Source: The Adjutant General's Office, <b>Statistical Exhibit of Strength of Volunteer Forces Called Into Service During the War With Spain; with Losses From All Causes.</b> (Washington: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Printing Office</a>, 1899) As presented in an Electronic Edition by the US Army Center of Military History)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatrical_productions">Theatrical productions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Theatrical productions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buffalo_bill_wild_west_show_c1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Buffalo_bill_wild_west_show_c1898.jpg/220px-Buffalo_bill_wild_west_show_c1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Buffalo_bill_wild_west_show_c1898.jpg/330px-Buffalo_bill_wild_west_show_c1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Buffalo_bill_wild_west_show_c1898.jpg/440px-Buffalo_bill_wild_west_show_c1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1243" data-file-height="843" /></a><figcaption><i>Buffalo Bill's Wild West and Congress of Rough Riders of the World</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1898</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_minstrel_jubilee_rough_riders.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/West_minstrel_jubilee_rough_riders.jpg/220px-West_minstrel_jubilee_rough_riders.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/West_minstrel_jubilee_rough_riders.jpg/330px-West_minstrel_jubilee_rough_riders.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/West_minstrel_jubilee_rough_riders.jpg/440px-West_minstrel_jubilee_rough_riders.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2758" data-file-height="2074" /></a><figcaption>William H. West's Big Minstrel Jubilee: <i>The Charge of San Juan Hill</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Colonel Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders were popularly portrayed in <a href="/wiki/Wild_West_shows" title="Wild West shows">Wild West shows</a> such as <i>Buffalo Bill's Wild West and Congress of Rough Riders of the World</i> and in <a href="/wiki/Minstrel_show" title="Minstrel show">minstrel shows</a> such as <a href="/wiki/William_H._West_(entertainer)" title="William H. West (entertainer)">William H. West's</a> Big Minstrel Jubilee. Roosevelt himself had a hand in popularizing the legends of the Rough Riders, recruiting Mason Mitchell, a fellow Rough Rider with theatrical talent, to perform for the Republican State Committee of New York.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than anyone else, <a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Cody" class="mw-redirect" title="William Frederick Cody">William Frederick Cody</a>, better known as Buffalo Bill, can be credited with helping to create and preserve the dramatic myth of the Rough Riders and the <a href="/wiki/American_Old_West" class="mw-redirect" title="American Old West">American Old West</a>. His extravaganzas glamorized it into an appealing show for eastern American audiences and helped permanently preserve the legends. The 'cult' of the cowboy was born, for Roosevelt, the vigorous, unbridled life of the Western cowboy was the perfect antidote to the softness of comfortable city living. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tabletop_Games">Tabletop Games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tabletop Games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The miniatures game <i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000">Warhammer 40,000</a></i> has a regiment of the Imperial Guard, the <a href="/wiki/Imperium_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperium of Man">Imperium of Man</a>'s main military, bearing the name of Attilan Rough Riders, that specializes in cavalry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1997, the miniseries <i><a href="/wiki/Rough_Riders_(miniseries)" title="Rough Riders (miniseries)">Rough Riders</a></i> aired on TNT over two consecutive nights. The series was directed by <a href="/wiki/John_Milius" title="John Milius">John Milius</a> and centered primarily on the Battle of San Juan Hill. </p><p>In the comedy-drama television series <i><a href="/wiki/M*A*S*H_(TV_series)" title="M*A*S*H (TV series)">M*A*S*H</a></i>, Colonel Sherman Potter claims to have ridden with Theodore Roosevelt at the age of 15. </p><p>In the Western television series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Virginian_(TV_series)" title="The Virginian (TV series)">The Virginian</a></i>, Trampas and Steve and the Virginian (ultimately) join the Rough Riders and fight in Cuba. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Movies">Movies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Movies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rough_Riders_(film)" title="The Rough Riders (film)">The Rough Riders</a></i> is a silent film released in 1927 and directed by <a href="/wiki/Victor_Fleming" title="Victor Fleming">Victor Fleming</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tribute_Organizations">Tribute Organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Tribute Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tamparoughriders.org//%7CTampa">Tampa Rough Riders</a>] was created to perpetuate a living memorial to the unique accomplishments of President Theodore Roosevelt and the members of the 1st US Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, known as the Rough Riders.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="School_mascot">School mascot</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: School mascot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many schools named after Theodore Roosevelt have the Rough Riders (or Roughriders) as their mascot. Examples include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_High_School_(Fresno,_California)" title="Theodore Roosevelt High School (Fresno, California)">Theodore Roosevelt High School (Fresno, California)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_High_School_(Kent,_Ohio)" title="Theodore Roosevelt High School (Kent, Ohio)">Theodore Roosevelt High School (Kent, Ohio)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_High_School_(Los_Angeles)" title="Theodore Roosevelt High School (Los Angeles)">Theodore Roosevelt High School (Los Angeles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_High_School_(Oregon)" title="Roosevelt High School (Oregon)">Roosevelt High School (Oregon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_High_School_(Washington)" title="Roosevelt High School (Washington)">Roosevelt High School (Washington)</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Land_%26_Cattle_Company_(1884%E2%80%931902)#Lawlessness" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec Land & Cattle Company (1884–1902)">Canyon Diablo Train Robbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battleground_Gunfight" title="Battleground Gunfight">Battleground Gunfight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_Riders_Memorial" title="Rough Riders Memorial">Rough Riders Memorial</a></li></ul> <p><b>Notable members</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Wood" title="Leonard Wood">Leonard Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodbury_Kane" title="Woodbury Kane">Woodbury Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Fish_II_(Rough_Rider)" title="Hamilton Fish II (Rough Rider)">Hamilton Fish II (Rough Rider)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_Greenway" title="John Campbell Greenway">John Campbell Greenway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Dean" title="Dudley Dean">Dudley Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wrenn" title="Robert Wrenn">Robert Wrenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckey_O%27Neill" title="Buckey O'Neill">Buckey O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Wadsworth" title="Craig Wadsworth">Craig Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Nash" title="Henry Nash">Henry Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Avery_McIlhenny" title="John Avery McIlhenny">John Avery McIlhenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Knox" title="Frank Knox">Frank Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Houston" title="Andrew Jackson Houston">Andrew Jackson Houston</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Mathingham Hutton, "T.R. takes charge", <i>American History</i> 33.n3 (August 1998), 30(11).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buffalobillproject.unl.edu/research/roughriders/rrindex.php">"The Buffalo Bill Project"</a>. <i>buffalobillproject.unl.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=buffalobillproject.unl.edu&rft.atitle=The+Buffalo+Bill+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbuffalobillproject.unl.edu%2Fresearch%2Froughriders%2Frrindex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARough+Riders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/roughriders.html">"Rough Riders - The World of 1898: The Spanish-American War (Hispanic Division, Library of Congress)"</a>. <i>www.loc.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.loc.gov&rft.atitle=Rough+Riders+-+The+World+of+1898%3A+The+Spanish-American+War+%28Hispanic+Division%2C+Library+of+Congress%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Fhispanic%2F1898%2Froughriders.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARough+Riders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TR-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TR_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_4-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_4-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_4-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_4-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoosevelt1899" class="citation book cs1">Roosevelt, Theodore (1899). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Theodore_Roosevelt_Rough_Riders.djvu"><i>Rough Riders</i></a>. P.F. Collier & Son Publishers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rough+Riders&rft.pub=P.F.+Collier+%26+Son+Publishers&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Roosevelt&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FIndex%3ATheodore_Roosevelt_Rough_Riders.djvu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARough+Riders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NM-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NM_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NM_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSánchezSpudeGómez2013" class="citation book cs1">Sánchez, Joseph P.; Spude, Robert L.; Gómez, Art (2013). <i>New Mexico : A History</i>. Norman. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-4256-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-4256-2"><bdi>978-0-8061-4256-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Mexico+%3A+A+History&rft.place=Norman&rft.pages=179&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-4256-2&rft.aulast=S%C3%A1nchez&rft.aufirst=Joseph+P.&rft.au=Spude%2C+Robert+L.&rft.au=G%C3%B3mez%2C+Art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARough+Riders" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NM2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NM2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://online.nmartmuseum.org/nmhistory/people-places-and-politics/statehood/history-statehood.html">"New Mexico Tells New Mexico History | History: Statehood"</a>. <i>online.nmartmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=online.nmartmuseum.org&rft.atitle=New+Mexico+Tells+New+Mexico+History+%7C+History%3A+Statehood&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.nmartmuseum.org%2Fnmhistory%2Fpeople-places-and-politics%2Fstatehood%2Fhistory-statehood.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARough+Riders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David S. Pierson, "What the Rough Riders lacked in military discipline, they made up for with patriotic fervor and courage" <i>Military History</i>, XV (June 1899), 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStuck" class="citation web cs1">Stuck, Eleanor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/dgm02">"Menger Hotel"</a>. <i>Handbook of Texas Online</i>. Texas State Historical Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Handbook+of+Texas+Online&rft.atitle=Menger+Hotel&rft.aulast=Stuck&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fonline%2Farticles%2Fdgm02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARough+Riders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCIRILLO2000" class="citation journal cs1">CIRILLO, VINCENT (October 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vlp.cah.ucf.edu/instructionalmaterials/UCF-VLP-9th-12th-SPAM-DiseaseImpact-TyphoidArticle.pdf">"Fever and Reform: The Typhoid Epidemic in the Spanish-American War"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>History of Medicine and Allied Sciences</i>. <b>55</b> (4): 363–397. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjhmas%2F55.4.363">10.1093/jhmas/55.4.363</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Medicine+and+Allied+Sciences&rft.atitle=Fever+and+Reform%3A+The+Typhoid+Epidemic+in+the+Spanish-American+War&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=363-397&rft.date=2000-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjhmas%2F55.4.363&rft.aulast=CIRILLO&rft.aufirst=VINCENT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvlp.cah.ucf.edu%2Finstructionalmaterials%2FUCF-VLP-9th-12th-SPAM-DiseaseImpact-TyphoidArticle.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARough+Riders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hutton, "T.R. takes charge," 30(11).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pierson, "What the Rough Riders lacked ...," 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wheeler-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wheeler_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wheeler, J., 1899, <i>The Santiago Campaign in Campaigns of Wheeler and His Cavalry</i>, Atlanta: Hudgins Publishing Company</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bartleby.com-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bartleby.com_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/51/">Roosevelt, Theodore, <i>The Rough Riders</i></a> Chapter III, page 18, Bartleby Website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, John H., <i>The Gatlings At Santiago</i>, preface by Theodore Roosevelt, Middlesex, U.K.: Echo Library (reprinted 2006)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roosevelt, Theodore, <i>The Rough Riders</i>, Scribner's Magazine, Vol. 25, May 1899, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 568</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, V.C., <i>Before The Colors Fade: Last Of The Rough Riders</i>, <i>American Heritage</i> Magazine, August 1969, Vol. 20, Issue 5, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, John H. (Lt.), <i>The Gatlings At Santiago</i>, Middlesex, U.K.: Echo Library (reprinted 2006), pp. 59–61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, John H. (Lt.), <i>History of the Gatling Gun Detachment</i>, Kansas City, MO: Hudson-Kimberly Publishing Co. (1898), pp. 160–161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roosevelt, Theodore (Col.), <i>The Rough Riders</i>, <i>Scribner</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Magazine, p. 568</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dale_L._Walker_2008-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dale_L._Walker_2008_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dale_L._Walker_2008_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dale L. Walker, "from the San Juan Heights," <i>Military History</i>, XXV (Jul/Aug 2008), 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Nightingale' of War Nun Given Army Burial". <i>The St. Louis Register, Vol. 10, No. 45</i>. November 3, 1950.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+St.+Louis+Register%2C+Vol.+10%2C+No.+45&rft.atitle=%27Nightingale%27+of+War+Nun+Given+Army+Burial&rft.date=1950-11-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARough+Riders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_Mexico_History_/_Plaza_Hotel" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tripsintohistory.com/2012/07/23/new-mexico-history-plaza-hotel/">"New Mexico History / Plaza Hotel"</a>. <i>Trips into History</i>. July 23, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trips+into+History&rft.atitle=New+Mexico+History+%2F+Plaza+Hotel&rft.date=2012-07-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftripsintohistory.com%2F2012%2F07%2F23%2Fnew-mexico-history-plaza-hotel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARough+Riders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris2006-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harris2006_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harris2006_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2006" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Richard K. (November 1, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B-T9BaLT118C&pg=PA163"><i>New Mexico</i></a>. Globe Pequot Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-4205-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-4205-9"><bdi>978-0-7627-4205-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Mexico&rft.pub=Globe+Pequot+Press&rft.date=2006-11-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7627-4205-9&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Richard+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB-T9BaLT118C%26pg%3DPA163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARough+Riders" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BRAE-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BRAE_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraeman1968" class="citation journal cs1">Braeman, John (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40167336">"Albert J. Beveridge and Statehood for the Southwest 1902-1912"</a>. <i>Arizona and the West</i>. <b>10</b> (4): 313–342. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-1408">0004-1408</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40167336">40167336</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arizona+and+the+West&rft.atitle=Albert+J.+Beveridge+and+Statehood+for+the+Southwest+1902-1912&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=313-342&rft.date=1968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40167336%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0004-1408&rft.aulast=Braeman&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40167336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARough+Riders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roughriders-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roughriders_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#riders">Smithsonian National Postal Museum: Rough Riders Issue</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lastrider-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lastrider_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchives1987" class="citation web cs1">Archives, L. A. Times (May 19, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-05-19-me-937-story.html">"Ralph Waldo Taylor Was 105 : Last of Rough Riders Dies"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Ralph+Waldo+Taylor+Was+105+%3A+Last+of+Rough+Riders+Dies&rft.date=1987-05-19&rft.aulast=Archives&rft.aufirst=L.+A.+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1987-05-19-me-937-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARough+Riders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinsolving1922" class="citation book cs1">Kinsolving, Arthur Barksdale (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyasoutherns00kinsgoog"><i>The Story of a Southern School</i></a>. The Norman, Remington Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyasoutherns00kinsgoog/page/n337">305</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781331302483" title="Special:BookSources/9781331302483"><bdi>9781331302483</bdi></a>. <q>legion of honour greenway.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+a+Southern+School&rft.pages=305&rft.pub=The+Norman%2C+Remington+Co.&rft.date=1922&rft.isbn=9781331302483&rft.aulast=Kinsolving&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Barksdale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoryasoutherns00kinsgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARough+Riders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shapell.org/manuscript/theodore-roosevelt-promotes-the-rough-riders/">"Theodore Roosevelt Arranges a Dramatic Presentation About the Rough Riders, 1898"</a>. <i>Shapell Manuscript Collection</i>. SMF.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shapell+Manuscript+Collection&rft.atitle=Theodore+Roosevelt+Arranges+a+Dramatic+Presentation+About+the+Rough+Riders%2C+1898.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shapell.org%2Fmanuscript%2Ftheodore-roosevelt-promotes-the-rough-riders%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARough+Riders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="riders" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=1&cmd=1&mode=1&tid=2028813">"Rough Riders"</a>. Smithsonian National Postal Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rough+Riders&rft.pub=Smithsonian+National+Postal+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farago.si.edu%2Findex.asp%3Fcon%3D1%26cmd%3D1%26mode%3D1%26tid%3D2028813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARough+Riders" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rough_Riders" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rough Riders">Rough Riders</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shapell.org/manuscript.aspx?theodore-roosevelt-deprivations-suffered-by-rough-riders-after-san-juan-hill">Theodore Roosevelt on Government Neglect of the Rough Riders After San Juan Hill</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Shapell Manuscript Foundation</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation gutenberg"> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/13000">The Rough Riders</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/51/">Roosevelt's personal recollections of the campaign</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060307051815/http://www.lasvegasmuseum.org/exhibitions.html">Rough Riders Memorial Collection:</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theodoreroosevelt.com">Roosevelt and the campaign at TR.com</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=The+Rough+Riders&author=ROOSEVELT&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced"><i>The Rough Riders</i></a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.history.com/news/teddy-roosevelt-american-manliness-rough-riders">[1]</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rough_Riders" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Rough_Riders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rough Riders</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Wood" title="Leonard Wood">Leonard Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Oswald_Brodie" title="Alexander Oswald Brodie">Alexander Oswald Brodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._McClintock" title="James H. McClintock">James H. McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckey_O%27Neill" title="Buckey O'Neill">Buckey O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Bullock" title="Seth Bullock">Seth Bullock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_Greenway" title="John Campbell Greenway">John Campbell Greenway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Avery_McIlhenny" title="John Avery McIlhenny">John Avery McIlhenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allyn_K._Capron_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Allyn K. Capron Jr.">Allyn K. Capron Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allyn_K._Capron_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Allyn K. Capron Sr.">Allyn K. Capron Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curry_(politician)" title="George Curry (politician)">George Curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodbury_Kane" title="Woodbury Kane">Woodbury Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Rynning" title="Thomas H. Rynning">Thomas H. Rynning</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RoughRiders.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/RoughRiders.jpeg/160px-RoughRiders.jpeg" decoding="async" width="160" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/RoughRiders.jpeg/240px-RoughRiders.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/RoughRiders.jpeg/320px-RoughRiders.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3356" data-file-height="2722" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Enlisted men</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_G._McMurtry" title="George G. McMurtry">George G. McMurtry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Madsen" title="Chris Madsen">Chris Madsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Fish_II_(Rough_Rider)" title="Hamilton Fish II (Rough Rider)">Hamilton Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibur%C3%B3n_Island_Tragedy#The_tragedy" title="Tiburón Island Tragedy">Thomas Grindell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battleground_Gunfight#Background" title="Battleground Gunfight">Henry Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_McGinty_(cowboy)" title="Billy McGinty (cowboy)">Billy McGinty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Alamia" title="Juan Alamia">Juan Alamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Frantz" title="Frank Frantz">Frank Frantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Wadsworth" title="Craig Wadsworth">Craig Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Nash" title="Henry Nash">Henry Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Daniels_(pioneer)" title="Ben Daniels (pioneer)">Ben Daniels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Knox" title="Frank Knox">Frank Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wrenn" title="Robert Wrenn">Robert Wrenn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Engagements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Guasimas" title="Battle of Las Guasimas">Battle of Las Guasimas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill" title="Battle of San Juan Hill">Battle of San Juan Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Santiago" title="Siege of Santiago">Siege of Santiago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rough_Riders_Memorial" title="Rough Riders Memorial">Rough Riders Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckey_O%27Neill_Cabin" title="Buckey O'Neill Cabin">Buckey O'Neill Cabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucky_O%27Neill_Monument" title="Bucky O'Neill Monument">Bucky O'Neill Monument</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bronco_Buster" title="The Bronco Buster">The Bronco Buster</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Monument_Assemblage" title="Theodore Roosevelt Monument Assemblage">Theodore Roosevelt Monument Assemblage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Rough_Riders_(film)" title="The Rough Riders (film)"><i>The Rough Riders</i> (1927 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy,_the_Rough_Rider" title="Teddy, the Rough Rider"><i>Teddy, the Rough Rider</i> (1940 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_Riders_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rough Riders (film)"><i>Rough Riders</i> (1997 mini-series)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckhorn_Saloon_%26_Museum_(San_Antonio)" title="Buckhorn Saloon & Museum (San Antonio)">Buckhorn Saloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Rangers" title="Arizona Rangers">Arizona Rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Guardsmen" title="Three Guardsmen">Three Guardsmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Land_%26_Cattle_Company_(1884%E2%80%931902)#Lawlessness" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec Land & Cattle Company (1884–1902)">Canyon Diablo Train Robbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibur%C3%B3n_Island_Tragedy" title="Tiburón Island Tragedy">Tiburón Island Tragedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt%27s_World_War_I_volunteers" title="Roosevelt's World War I volunteers">Roosevelt's World War I volunteers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Battalion_(World_War_I)" title="Lost Battalion (World War I)">The Lost Battalion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Theodore_Roosevelt" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Template:Theodore Roosevelt"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Template talk:Theodore Roosevelt"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Theodore Roosevelt"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Theodore_Roosevelt" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">26th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1901–1909)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">25th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1901)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_New_York" title="List of governors of New York">33rd</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor of New York</a> (1899–1900)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy">Assistant Secretary of the Navy</a> (1897–1898)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Commissioner" title="New York City Police Commissioner">New York City Police Commissioner</a> (1895–1897)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Theodore_Roosevelt_presidency" title="Timeline of the Theodore Roosevelt presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="First inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt">First inauguration</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Inaugural_National_Historic_Site" title="Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site">historic site</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Second inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt">Second inauguration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Theodore_Roosevelt_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Theodore Roosevelt administration">Foreign policy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Square_Deal" title="Square Deal">Square Deal</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington_dinner_at_the_White_House" title="Booker T. Washington dinner at the White House">Booker T. Washington dinner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Theodore_Roosevelt#Conservation" title="Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt">Conservation</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Newlands_Reclamation_Act" title="Newlands Reclamation Act">Newlands Reclamation Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transfer_Act_of_1905" title="Transfer Act of 1905">Transfer Act of 1905</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antiquities_Act" title="Antiquities Act">Antiquities Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pelican_Island_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge">Pelican Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devils_Tower" title="Devils Tower">Devils Tower National Monument</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Muir_Woods_National_Monument" title="Muir Woods National Monument">Muir Woods National Monument</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">United States Forest Service</a>, </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Reclamation" title="United States Bureau of Reclamation">United States Reclamation Service</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Wildlife_Refuge_System" title="History of the National Wildlife Refuge System">National Wildlife Refuge System</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Arch" title="Roosevelt Arch">Roosevelt Arch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Governors" title="Conference of Governors">Conference of Governors</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Securities_Company" title="Northern Securities Company">Northern Securities Company breakup</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Securities_Co._v._United_States" title="Northern Securities Co. v. United States">court case</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coal_strike_of_1902" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal strike of 1902">Coal strike of 1902</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pure_Food_and_Drug_Act" title="Pure Food and Drug Act">Pure Food and Drug Act</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration#History" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Meat_Inspection_Act" title="Federal Meat Inspection Act">Meat Inspection Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Expediting_Act" title="Expediting Act">Expediting Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elkins_Act" title="Elkins Act">Elkins Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hepburn_Act" title="Hepburn Act">Hepburn Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aldrich%E2%80%93Vreeland_Act" title="Aldrich–Vreeland Act">Aldrich–Vreeland Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tillman_Act_of_1907" title="Tillman Act of 1907">Tillman Act of 1907</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Employers_Liability_Act" title="Federal Employers Liability Act">Federal Employers Liability Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kinkaid_Act" title="Kinkaid Act">Kinkaid Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Big_stick_ideology" title="Big stick ideology">Big stick ideology</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hay%E2%80%93Bunau-Varilla_Treaty" title="Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty">Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal_Zone" title="Panama Canal Zone">Panama Canal Zone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal#United_States_acquisition" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_crisis_of_1902%E2%80%931903" title="Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903">Venezuelan crisis</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Corollary" title="Roosevelt Corollary">Roosevelt Corollary</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Occupation_of_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Occupation of Cuba">Occupation of Cuba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War#Peace_and_aftermath" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Portsmouth" title="Treaty of Portsmouth">Treaty of Portsmouth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">1906 Nobel Peace Prize</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_Agreement_of_1907" title="Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907">Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907</a> </span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_War_College" title="United States Army War College">Army War College</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Hall_(National_War_College)" title="Roosevelt Hall (National War College)">Roosevelt Hall</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association#History" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">College football meetings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation#History" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Bureau of Investigation</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce_and_Labor" title="United States Department of Commerce and Labor">Department of Commerce and Labor</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Corporations" title="Bureau of Corporations">Bureau of Corporations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Department_Methods" title="Committee on Department Methods">Keep Commission</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inland_Waterways_Commission" title="Inland Waterways Commission">Inland Waterways Commission</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">Bureau of the Census</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Great_White_Fleet" title="Great White Fleet">Great White Fleet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perdicaris_affair" title="Perdicaris affair">Perdicaris affair</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Theodore_Roosevelt#Cabinet" title="Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt">Cabinet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/West_Wing" title="West Wing">White House West Wing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1901_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1901 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address, 1901</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1906_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1906 State of the Union Address">1906</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1908_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1908 State of the Union Address">1908</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_desk" title="Theodore Roosevelt desk">White House desk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="List of federal judges appointed by Theodore Roosevelt">Federal judiciary appointments</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rough Riders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Guasimas" title="Battle of Las Guasimas">Battle of Las Guasimas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill" title="Battle of San Juan Hill">Battle of San Juan Hill</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bull_Moose_Party" title="Bull Moose Party">"Bull Moose" Progressive Party</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Nationalism_(Theodore_Roosevelt)" title="New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt)">New Nationalism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Attempted assassination of Theodore Roosevelt">Assassination attempt</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boone_and_Crockett_Club" title="Boone and Crockett Club">Boone and Crockett Club</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian%E2%80%93Roosevelt_African_expedition" title="Smithsonian–Roosevelt African expedition">Smithsonian–Roosevelt African expedition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt%E2%80%93Rondon_Scientific_Expedition" title="Roosevelt–Rondon Scientific Expedition">"River of Doubt" Amazonian expedition</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and<br />homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Birthplace_National_Historic_Site" title="Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site">Birthplace, boyhood home replica</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sagamore_Hill" title="Sagamore Hill">Sagamore Hill Home and Museum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt%27s_Maltese_Cross_Cabin" title="Theodore Roosevelt's Maltese Cross Cabin">Maltese Cross Cabin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elkhorn_Ranch" title="Elkhorn Ranch">Elkhorn Ranch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pine_Knot_(cabin)" title="Pine Knot (cabin)">Pine Knot cabin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Youngs_Memorial_Cemetery" title="Youngs Memorial Cemetery">Gravesite</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writings<br />and speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_bibliography" title="Theodore Roosevelt bibliography">Theodore Roosevelt bibliography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Naval_War_of_1812" title="The Naval War of 1812"><i>The Naval War of 1812</i> (1882 book)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Strenuous_Life" title="The Strenuous Life">"The Strenuous Life" (1899 speech)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/League_to_Enforce_Peace" title="League to Enforce Peace">League to Enforce Peace</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_in_a_Republic" title="Citizenship in a Republic">"Citizenship in a Republic" (1910 speech)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Progressive_Cause_Greater_Than_Any_Individual" class="extiw" title="s:Progressive Cause Greater Than Any Individual">"Progressive Cause Greater Than Any Individual" (1912 post-assassination-attempt speech)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt:_An_Autobiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography"><i>Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography</i> (1913 book)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Forum_(American_magazine)#Contributions_from_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="The Forum (American magazine)"><i>The Forum</i> magazine articles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Cyclopedia" title="Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia">Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Association#Theodore_Roosevelt_Collection" title="Theodore Roosevelt Association">Archival collections</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Electoral history of Theodore Roosevelt">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1898_New_York_state_election" title="1898 New York state election">1898 New York state election</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Republican National Convention: <a href="/wiki/1900_Republican_National_Convention" title="1900 Republican National Convention">1900</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1904_Republican_National_Convention" title="1904 Republican National Convention">1904</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1912_Republican_National_Convention" title="1912 Republican National Convention">1912</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1916_Republican_National_Convention" title="1916 Republican National Convention">1916</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">United States presidential elections: <a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election" title="1900 United States presidential election">1900</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election" title="1904 United States presidential election">1904</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Bibliography of Theodore Roosevelt">Bibliography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Digital_Library" title="Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library">Theodore Roosevelt Center and Digital Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Room" title="Roosevelt Room">White House Roosevelt Room</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_National_Park" title="Theodore Roosevelt National Park">Theodore Roosevelt National Park</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness">Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Island" title="Theodore Roosevelt Island">Theodore Roosevelt Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_National_Forest" title="Roosevelt National Forest">Roosevelt National Forest</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Park_(San_Antonio)" title="Roosevelt Park (San Antonio)">Roosevelt Park (San Antonio)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Institute_for_American_Studies" title="Roosevelt Institute for American Studies">Roosevelt Study Center</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Association" title="Theodore Roosevelt Association">Theodore Roosevelt Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Anniversary_coins" title="Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins">Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Statues</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_Statue_of_Theodore_Roosevelt_(New_York_City)" title="Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt (New York City)">New York City</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt,_Rough_Rider" title="Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Rider">Portland, Oregon</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Memorial_Park" title="Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park">Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Monument_Assemblage" title="Theodore Roosevelt Monument Assemblage">Monument Assemblage</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Monument" title="Theodore Roosevelt Monument">Theodore Roosevelt Monument</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Memorial_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Theodore Roosevelt Memorial (Portland, Oregon)">Roosevelt Memorial, Portland, Oregon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Presidential_Library" title="Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Library">Proposed presidential library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_United_States_Courthouse" title="Theodore Roosevelt United States Courthouse">Theodore Roosevelt United States Courthouse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_River" title="Roosevelt River">Roosevelt River</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Bridge" title="Theodore Roosevelt Bridge">Theodore Roosevelt Bridge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Memorial_Bridge" title="Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Bridge">Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Bridge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Award" title="Theodore Roosevelt Award">Theodore Roosevelt Award</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/USS_Theodore_Roosevelt_(ID-1478)" title="USS Theodore Roosevelt (ID-1478)">USS <i>Theodore Roosevelt</i> (1906</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Theodore_Roosevelt_(SSBN-600)" title="USS Theodore Roosevelt (SSBN-600)">1961</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Theodore_Roosevelt_(CVN-71)" title="USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71)">1984</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Road" title="Roosevelt Road">Roosevelt Road</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. postage stamps</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Teddy_bear" title="Teddy bear">Teddy bear</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Big_stick_ideology" title="Big stick ideology">"Speak softly, and carry a big stick"</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Category:Books about Theodore Roosevelt">Books</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Category:Films about Theodore Roosevelt">Films</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Terrible_Teddy,_the_Grizzly_King" title="Terrible Teddy, the Grizzly King"><i>Terrible Teddy, the Grizzly King</i>, 1901 film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_in_Africa" title="Roosevelt in Africa"><i>Roosevelt in Africa</i>, 1910 documentary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Rough_Riders_(film)" title="The Rough Riders (film)"><i>The Rough Riders</i>, 1927 film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Teddy,_the_Rough_Rider" title="Teddy, the Rough Rider"><i>Teddy, the Rough Rider</i>, 1940 film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rough_Riders_(miniseries)" title="Rough Riders (miniseries)"><i>Rough Riders</i>, 1997 miniseries</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Roosevelts_(miniseries)" title="The Roosevelts (miniseries)"><i>The Roosevelts</i>, 2014 documentary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_(miniseries)" title="Theodore Roosevelt (miniseries)"><i>Theodore Roosevelt</i>, 2022 miniseries</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elkhorn_(TV_series)" title="Elkhorn (TV series)"><i>Elkhorn</i>, 2024 series</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Political positions of Theodore Roosevelt">Political positions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Bully_pulpit" title="Bully pulpit">Bully pulpit</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ananias_Club" title="Ananias Club">Ananias Club</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Nature_fakers_controversy#Roosevelt's_involvement" title="Nature fakers controversy">Nature fakers</a>"</span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/League_to_Enforce_Peace" title="League to Enforce Peace">League to Enforce Peace</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Guest_of_Honor_(opera)" title="A Guest of Honor (opera)">A Guest of Honor</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Muckraker#Origin_of_the_term,_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Muckraker">Muckraker</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Republican" title="Roosevelt Republican">Roosevelt Republican</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barnes_vs._Roosevelt_libel_trial" title="Barnes vs. Roosevelt libel trial">Barnes vs. Roosevelt libel trial</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_family" title="Roosevelt family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alice_Hathaway_Lee_Roosevelt" title="Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt">Alice Hathaway Lee</a> (first wife)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edith_Roosevelt" title="Edith Roosevelt">Edith Kermit Carow</a> (second wife)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alice_Roosevelt_Longworth" title="Alice Roosevelt Longworth">Alice Lee Roosevelt</a> (daughter)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Jr." title="Theodore Roosevelt Jr.">Theodore Roosevelt III</a> (son)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kermit_Roosevelt" title="Kermit Roosevelt">Kermit Roosevelt</a> (son)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Roosevelt_Derby" title="Ethel Roosevelt Derby">Ethel Carow Roosevelt</a> (daughter)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Roosevelt" title="Archibald Roosevelt">Archibald Roosevelt</a> (son)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Roosevelt" title="Quentin Roosevelt">Quentin Roosevelt</a> (son)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_III" title="Theodore Roosevelt III">Theodore Roosevelt IV</a> (grandson)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_V._S._Roosevelt" title="Cornelius V. S. Roosevelt">Cornelius V. S. Roosevelt III</a> (grandson)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Roosevelt_II" title="Quentin Roosevelt II">Quentin Roosevelt II</a> (grandson)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kermit_Roosevelt_Jr." title="Kermit Roosevelt Jr.">Kermit Roosevelt Jr.</a> (grandson)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Willard_Roosevelt" title="Joseph Willard Roosevelt">Joseph Willard Roosevelt</a> (grandson)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edith_Derby_Williams" title="Edith Derby Williams">Edith Roosevelt Derby</a> (granddaughter)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodora_Keogh" title="Theodora Keogh">Theodora Roosevelt</a> (granddaughter)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Sr." title="Theodore Roosevelt Sr.">Theodore Roosevelt Sr.</a> (father)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martha_Bulloch_Roosevelt" title="Martha Bulloch Roosevelt">Martha Bulloch Roosevelt</a> (mother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bamie_Roosevelt" title="Bamie Roosevelt">Anna "Bamie" Roosevelt</a> (sister)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Roosevelt_(socialite)" title="Elliott Roosevelt (socialite)">Elliott Bulloch Roosevelt</a> (brother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Corinne_Roosevelt_Robinson" title="Corinne Roosevelt Robinson">Corinne Roosevelt</a> (sister)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Roosevelt" title="Cornelius Roosevelt">Cornelius Roosevelt</a> (grandfather)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Stephens_Bulloch" title="James Stephens Bulloch">James Stephens Bulloch</a> (grandfather)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_A._Roosevelt" title="James A. Roosevelt">James Alfred Roosevelt</a> (uncle)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Roosevelt" title="Robert Roosevelt">Robert Barnhill Roosevelt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Anna Eleanor Roosevelt</a> (niece)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hall_Roosevelt" title="Hall Roosevelt">Gracie Hall Roosevelt</a> (nephew)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pete_(Theodore_Roosevelt%27s_dog)" title="Pete (Theodore Roosevelt's dog)">Pete</a> (dog)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">← William McKinley</a></b></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft →</a></b></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Garret_Hobart" title="Garret Hobart">← Garret Hobart</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Category:Theodore Roosevelt">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2093017#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2093017#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2093017#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/153598570">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/539982/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80001145">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007438044905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w65756tx">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&oldid=1258798635">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&oldid=1258798635</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rough_Riders" title="Category:Rough Riders">Rough Riders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cavalry_regiments_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Category:Cavalry regiments of the United States Army">Cavalry regiments of the United States Army</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_military_personnel_of_the_Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Category:American military personnel of the Spanish–American War">American military personnel of the Spanish–American War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_the_United_States_in_the_Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Category:Military units and formations of the United States in the Spanish–American War">Military units and formations of the United States in the Spanish–American War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Military history of the United States">Military history of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Category:Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_Arizona" title="Category:Military history of Arizona">Military history of Arizona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1898_establishments_in_Arizona_Territory" title="Category:1898 establishments in Arizona Territory">1898 establishments in Arizona Territory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cavalry" title="Category:Cavalry">Cavalry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_frontier" title="Category:American frontier">American frontier</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_established_in_1898" title="Category:Military units and formations established in 1898">Military units and formations established in 1898</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1898_disestablishments_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1898 disestablishments in the United States">1898 disestablishments in the United States</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2023" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2023">Articles with dead external links from September 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_May_2014" title="Category:Use mdy dates from May 2014">Use mdy dates from May 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Project_Gutenberg_links" title="Category:Articles with Project Gutenberg links">Articles with Project Gutenberg links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LibriVox_links" title="Category:Articles with LibriVox links">Articles with LibriVox links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 18:12<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rough_Riders&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-fn5x6","wgBackendResponseTime":214,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.850","walltime":"1.067","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9635,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":146985,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11526,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":85512,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 890.446 1 -total"," 21.33% 189.941 1 Template:Reflist"," 13.27% 118.118 8 Template:Cite_web"," 11.49% 102.293 19 Template:R/superscript"," 11.16% 99.413 17 Template:Rp"," 9.75% 86.797 8 Template:Citation_needed"," 9.63% 85.724 10 Template:Fix"," 9.17% 81.639 2 Template:Short_description"," 8.06% 71.804 1 Template:Rough_Riders"," 7.68% 68.386 1 Template:Military_navigation"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.433","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9894537,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4z62t","timestamp":"20241122142723","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Rough Riders","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rough_Riders","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2093017","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2093017","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-11-10T21:47:07Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T18:12:29Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/cd\/RoughRiders.jpeg","headline":"1st United States Volunteer Cavalry during the Spanish-American War"}</script> </body> </html>