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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87_5%CE%B1-%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="مهارکننده 5α-ردوکتاز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مهارکننده 5α-ردوکتاز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/5%EC%95%8C%ED%8C%8C-%ED%99%98%EC%9B%90%ED%9A%A8%EC%86%8C_%EC%A0%80%ED%95%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="5알파-환원효소 저해제 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="5알파-환원효소 저해제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%99_5-%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%90_%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%90%D7%96" title="מעכבי 5-אלפא רדוקטאז – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעכבי 5-אלפא רדוקטאז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="5-алфа редуктаза инхибитор – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="5-алфа редуктаза инхибитор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inibidor_da_5-alfarredutase" title="Inibidor da 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5-альфа-редуктази" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4639645#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitor" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ddbbee">5α-Reductase inhibitor</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Drug_class" title="Drug class">Drug class</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dutasteride.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Dutasteride.svg/250px-Dutasteride.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Dutasteride.svg/375px-Dutasteride.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Dutasteride.svg/500px-Dutasteride.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="474" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Dutasteride" title="Dutasteride">Dutasteride</a>, one of the most widely used 5α-reductase inhibitors.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #e8e8e8;">Class identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">Synonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Dihydrotestosterone blockers; DHT blockers</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Use</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Benign_prostatic_hyperplasia" title="Benign prostatic hyperplasia">Benign prostatic hyperplasia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pattern_hair_loss" title="Pattern hair loss">pattern hair loss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hirsutism" title="Hirsutism">hirsutism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feminizing_hormone_therapy" title="Feminizing hormone therapy">feminizing HRT</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_G04CB" class="mw-redirect" title="ATC code G04CB">G04CB</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Biological_target" title="Biological target">Biological target</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Reductase" title="5α-Reductase">5α-Reductase</a> (<a href="/wiki/SRD5A1" title="SRD5A1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/SRD5A2" title="SRD5A2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/SRD5A3" title="SRD5A3">3</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical classification">Chemical class</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">Steroids</a>; <a href="/wiki/Azasteroid" title="Azasteroid">Azasteroids</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #e8e8e8;">Legal status</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background: #e8e8e8; text-align: center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4639645" class="extiw" title="d:Q4639645">In Wikidata</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>5α-Reductase inhibitors</b> (<b>5-ARIs</b>), also known as <b>dihydrotestosterone</b> (<b>DHT</b>) <b>blockers</b>, are a class of <a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">medications</a> with <a href="/wiki/Antiandrogen" title="Antiandrogen">antiandrogenic</a> effects which are used primarily in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Benign_prostatic_hyperplasia" title="Benign prostatic hyperplasia">enlarged prostate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pattern_hair_loss" title="Pattern hair loss">scalp hair loss</a>. They are also sometimes used to treat <a href="/wiki/Hirsutism" title="Hirsutism">excess hair growth</a> in women and as a component of <a href="/wiki/Feminizing_hormone_therapy" title="Feminizing hormone therapy">hormone therapy</a> for <a href="/wiki/Transgender_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender women">transgender women</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Blume-PeytaviWhiting2008_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blume-PeytaviWhiting2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid28159148_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28159148-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These agents inhibit the <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a> <a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-reductase" class="mw-redirect" title="5α-reductase">5α-reductase</a>, which is involved in the <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_transformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabolic transformation">metabolic transformations</a> of a variety of <a href="/wiki/Endogenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Endogenous">endogenous</a> <a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">steroids</a>. 5-ARIs are most known for preventing conversion of <a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">testosterone</a>, the major <a href="/wiki/Androgen" title="Androgen">androgen</a> <a href="/wiki/Sex_hormone" title="Sex hormone">sex hormone</a>, to the more potent androgen <a href="/wiki/Dihydrotestosterone" title="Dihydrotestosterone">dihydrotestosterone</a> (DHT), in certain <a href="/wiki/Androgen-associated_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Androgen-associated disorder">androgen-associated disorders</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>5-ARIs are clinically used in the treatment of conditions that are exacerbated by DHT:<sup id="cite_ref-Rossi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rossi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Mild-to-moderate <a href="/wiki/Benign_prostatic_hyperplasia" title="Benign prostatic hyperplasia">benign prostatic hyperplasia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_urinary_tract_symptoms" title="Lower urinary tract symptoms">lower urinary tract symptoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_hair_loss" title="Pattern hair loss">Pattern hair loss</a> in both men and women</li></ul> <p>5-ARIs can be used in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Hirsutism" title="Hirsutism">hirsutism</a> in women.<sup id="cite_ref-Blume-PeytaviWhiting2008_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blume-PeytaviWhiting2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The usefulness of 5-ARIs for the potential treatment of <a href="/wiki/Acne" title="Acne">acne</a> is uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22235201_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22235201-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 5-ARIs are sometimes used as antiandrogens in <a href="/wiki/Feminizing_hormone_therapy" title="Feminizing hormone therapy">feminizing hormone therapy</a> for <a href="/wiki/Transgender_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender women">transgender women</a> to help reduce body hair growth and scalp hair loss.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid28159148_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28159148-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They have also been explored in the treatment and prevention of <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a>. While the 5-ARI <a href="/wiki/Finasteride" title="Finasteride">finasteride</a> reduces the cancer risk by about a third, it also increases the fraction of aggressive forms of prostate cancer. Overall, there does not seem to be a survival benefit for prostate cancer patients under finasteride.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Available_forms">Available forms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Available forms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Finasteride" title="Finasteride">Finasteride</a> (brand names Proscar, Propecia) inhibits the function of two of the isoenzymes (types 2 and 3) of 5α-reductase.<sup id="cite_ref-Yamana_2010_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yamana_2010-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It decreases circulating DHT levels by up to about 70%.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dutasteride" title="Dutasteride">Dutasteride</a> (brand name Avodart) inhibits all three 5α-reductase isoenzymes and can decrease DHT levels by 95%.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can also reduce DHT levels in the prostate by 97 to 99% in men with prostate cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Epristeride" title="Epristeride">Epristeride</a> (brand names Aipuliete, Chuanliu) is marketed in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.<sup id="cite_ref-MortonHall1999-Epristeride_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MortonHall1999-Epristeride-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AdisInsight-Epristeride_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AdisInsight-Epristeride-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drugs.com-Epristeride_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com-Epristeride-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it can only decrease circulating DHT levels by about 25 to 54%.<sup id="cite_ref-Publishers1996_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Publishers1996-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alfatradiol" title="Alfatradiol">Alfatradiol</a> (brand names Ell-Cranell Alpha, Pantostin) is a topical 5-ARI used to treat pattern hair loss in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunnius_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunnius-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mutschler_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mutschler-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"> <caption class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitors_marketed_for_clinical_or_veterinary_use" title="Template:5α-Reductase inhibitors marketed for clinical or veterinary use"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitors_marketed_for_clinical_or_veterinary_use" title="Template talk:5α-Reductase inhibitors marketed for clinical or veterinary use"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitors_marketed_for_clinical_or_veterinary_use" title="Special:EditPage/Template:5α-Reductase inhibitors marketed for clinical or veterinary use"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> 5α-Reductase inhibitors marketed for clinical or veterinary use </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Generic name</th> <th>Brand name(s)</th> <th><abbr title="5α-Reductase isoforms">Isoforms</abbr></th> <th>Route(s)</th> <th>Launch </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfatradiol" title="Alfatradiol">Alfatradiol</a></td> <td>Ell-Cranell Alpha, Pantostin</td> <td>?</td> <td>Topical</td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutasteride" title="Dutasteride">Dutasteride</a></td> <td>Avodart</td> <td>1, 2, 3</td> <td>Oral</td> <td>2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Epristeride" title="Epristeride">Epristeride</a></td> <td>Aipuliete, Chuanliu</td> <td>2, 3</td> <td>Oral</td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Finasteride" title="Finasteride">Finasteride</a></td> <td>Proscar, Propecia</td> <td>2, 3</td> <td>Oral</td> <td>1992 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Side_effects">Side effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Side effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>5-ARIs are generally <a href="/wiki/Drug_tolerability" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug tolerability">well tolerated</a> in both men and women and produce few <a href="/wiki/Side_effect" title="Side effect">side effects</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27672412_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27672412-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid27784557_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27784557-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, they have been found to have some risks in studies with men, including slightly increased risks of decreased <a href="/wiki/Libido" title="Libido">libido</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction" title="Erectile dysfunction">erectile dysfunction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ejaculatory_dysfunction_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ejaculatory dysfunction (disambiguation)">ejaculatory dysfunction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infertility" title="Infertility">infertility</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breast_tenderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Breast tenderness">breast tenderness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gynecomastia" title="Gynecomastia">gynecomastia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a>, <a href="/wiki/Self-harm" title="Self-harm">self-harm</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dementia" title="Dementia">dementia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27784557_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27784557-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid28319231_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28319231-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WelkMcArthur2017_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WelkMcArthur2017-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, although 5-ARIs decrease the overall risk of developing <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a>, they have been found to increase the risk of developing certain rare but high-grade forms of prostate cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27672412_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27672412-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the FDA has notified healthcare professionals that the Warnings and Precautions section of the labels for the 5-ARI class of drugs has been revised to include new safety information about the increased risk of being diagnosed with these rare but more serious forms of prostate cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-Drugs.com-Label_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com-Label-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finasteride has also been associated with <a href="/wiki/Intraoperative_floppy_iris_syndrome" title="Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome">intraoperative floppy iris syndrome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cataract" title="Cataract">cataract</a> formation.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21555201_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21555201-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18053919_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18053919-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depressive symptoms and suicidality have been reported.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid28456011_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28456011-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_dysfunction">Sexual dysfunction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sexual dysfunction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dysfunction" title="Sexual dysfunction">Sexual dysfunction</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction" title="Erectile dysfunction">erectile dysfunction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loss_of_libido" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of libido">loss of libido</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hypospermia" title="Hypospermia">reduced ejaculate</a>, may occur in 3.4 to 15.8% of men treated with finasteride or dutasteride.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27672412_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27672412-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid27475241_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27475241-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is linked to lower <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">quality of life</a> and can cause stress in relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-Gur2013_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gur2013-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also an association with lowered sexual desire.<sup id="cite_ref-Tra2011_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tra2011-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been reported that in a subset of men, these adverse sexual side effects may persist even after discontinuation of finasteride or dutasteride.<sup id="cite_ref-Tra2011_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tra2011-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breast_changes">Breast changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Breast changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>5-ARIs have a small risk of <a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">breast</a> changes in men including <a href="/wiki/Breast_tenderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Breast tenderness">breast tenderness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gynecomastia" title="Gynecomastia">gynecomastia</a> (breast development/enlargement).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27784557_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27784557-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The risk of gynecomastia is about 1.3%.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27784557_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27784557-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no association of 5-ARIs with <a href="/wiki/Male_breast_cancer" title="Male breast cancer">male breast cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27784557_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27784557-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid29697934_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29697934-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emotional_changes">Emotional changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Emotional changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2017 <a href="/wiki/Population_study" title="Population study">population-based</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matching_(statistics)" title="Matching (statistics)">matched</a>-<a href="/wiki/Cohort_study" title="Cohort study">cohort study</a> of 93,197 men aged 66 years and older with BPH found that finasteride and dutasteride were associated with a significantly increased risk of depression (<a href="/wiki/Hazard_ratio" title="Hazard ratio"><abbr title="Hazard ratio">HR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Hazard ratio</span>, 1.94; 95% <a href="/wiki/Confidence_interval" title="Confidence interval"><abbr title="Confidence interval">CI</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Confidence interval</span>, 1.73–2.16) and <a href="/wiki/Self-harm" title="Self-harm">self-harm</a> (HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.34–2.64) during the first 18 months of treatment, but were not associated with an increased risk of <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a> (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.53–1.45).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid29528971_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29528971-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Traish2018_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Traish2018-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid30651009_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid30651009-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid28319231_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28319231-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the initial 18 months of therapy, the risk of self-harm was no longer heightened, whereas the elevation in risk of depression lessened but remained marginally increased (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.08–1.37).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid29528971_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29528971-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Traish2018_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Traish2018-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid28319231_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28319231-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The absolute increase in the rate of depression was 247 per 100,000 patient-years and of self-harm was 17 per 100,000 patient-years.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid28319231_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28319231-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid28319227_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28319227-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, on the basis of these findings, it has been stated that cases of depression in patients that are attributable to 5-ARIs will be encountered on occasion, while cases of self-harm attributable to 5-ARIs will be encountered very rarely.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid28319227_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28319227-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were no differences in the rates of depression, self-harm, and suicide between finasteride and dutasteride, suggesting that the specific 5-ARI used does not influence the risks.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid30651009_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid30651009-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid28319231_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28319231-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid28319227_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28319227-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The absolute risks of self-harm and depression with 5-ARIs remain low (0.14% and 2.0%, respectively).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid29449167_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29449167-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pharmacology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pharmacology of 5α-reductase inhibition is complex, but involves the binding of <a href="/wiki/NADPH" class="mw-redirect" title="NADPH">NADPH</a> to the enzyme followed by the substrate. Specific substrates include <a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">testosterone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">progesterone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Androstenedione" title="Androstenedione">androstenedione</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epitestosterone" title="Epitestosterone">epitestosterone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">cortisol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">aldosterone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Deoxycorticosterone" title="Deoxycorticosterone">deoxycorticosterone</a>. The entire physiologic effect of their reduction is unknown, but likely related to their excretion or is itself physiologic.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22235201_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22235201-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 5α-Reductase reduces the steroid Δ<sup>4,5</sup> double bond in testosterone to its more active form DHT. Thus, inhibition results in decreased amounts of DHT. Because of this, slight elevations in testosterone and estradiol levels occur.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 5α-reductase reaction is a rate-limiting step in the testosterone reduction and involves the binding of <a href="/wiki/NADPH" class="mw-redirect" title="NADPH">NADPH</a> to the enzyme followed by the substrate.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22235201_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22235201-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid16834758_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16834758-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Substrate + NADPH + H<sup>+</sup> → 5α-substrate + NADP<sup>+</sup></i></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Beyond being a catalyst in the <a href="/wiki/Rate-limiting_step" class="mw-redirect" title="Rate-limiting step">rate-limiting step</a> in testosterone reduction, 5α-reductase isoforms I and II reduce progesterone to <a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-dihydroprogesterone" class="mw-redirect" title="5α-dihydroprogesterone">5α-dihydroprogesterone</a> (5α-DHP) and deoxycorticosterone to <a href="/wiki/Dihydrodeoxycorticosterone" title="Dihydrodeoxycorticosterone">dihydrodeoxycorticosterone</a> (DHDOC). In vitro and animal models suggest subsequent 3α-reduction of DHT, 5α-DHP and DHDOC lead to neurosteroid metabolites with effect on cerebral function. These <a href="/wiki/Neurosteroid" title="Neurosteroid">neurosteroids</a>, which include <a href="/wiki/Allopregnanolone" title="Allopregnanolone">allopregnanolone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone" title="Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone">tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone</a> (THDOC), and <a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-androstanediol" class="mw-redirect" title="3α-androstanediol">3α-androstanediol</a>, act as potent <a href="/wiki/Positive_allosteric_modulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive allosteric modulator">positive allosteric modulators</a> of <a href="/wiki/GABAA_receptor" title="GABAA receptor">GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors</a>, and have <a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">antidepressant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anxiolytic" title="Anxiolytic">anxiolytic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aphrodisiac" title="Aphrodisiac">prosexual</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anticonvulsant" title="Anticonvulsant">anticonvulsant</a> effects.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydrocortisol" title="5α-Dihydrocortisol">5α-Dihydrocortisol</a> is present in the <a href="/wiki/Aqueous_humor" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqueous humor">aqueous humor</a> of the eye, is synthesized in the <a href="/wiki/Lens_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lens (anatomy)">lens</a>, and might help make the aqueous humor itself.<sup id="cite_ref-Cort_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cort-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydroaldosterone" title="5α-Dihydroaldosterone">5α-Dihydroaldosterone</a> is a potent <a href="/wiki/Antidiuretic" title="Antidiuretic">antinatriuretic</a> agent, although different from <a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">aldosterone</a>. Its formation in the kidney is enhanced by restriction of dietary salt, suggesting it may help retain sodium.<sup id="cite_ref-Kenyon_1983_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kenyon_1983-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 5α-DHP is a major hormone in circulation of normal cycling and pregnant women.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid914969_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid914969-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other enzymes compensate to a degree for the absent conversion of 5α-reductase, specifically with local expression at the skin of reductive <a href="/wiki/17%CE%B2-hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase" class="mw-redirect" title="17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase">17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase</a>, and oxidative <a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase" class="mw-redirect" title="3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase">3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase</a> and <a href="/wiki/3%CE%B2-hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase" class="mw-redirect" title="3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase">3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase</a> enzymes.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In BPH, DHT acts as a potent cellular androgen and promotes <a href="/wiki/Prostate" title="Prostate">prostate</a> growth; therefore, DHT blockers inhibit and alleviate symptoms of BPH. In alopecia, male and female-pattern baldness is an effect of androgenic receptor activation, so reducing levels of DHT also reduces hair loss. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Finasteride was the first 5-ARI to be introduced for medical use.<sup id="cite_ref-BurgerAbraham2003_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BurgerAbraham2003-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was marketed for the treatment of BPH in 1992 and was subsequently approved for the treatment of pattern hair loss in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-BurgerAbraham2003_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BurgerAbraham2003-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Epristeride was the second 5-ARI to be introduced and was marketed for the treatment of BPH in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-AdisInsight-Epristeride_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AdisInsight-Epristeride-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dutasteride was approved for the treatment of BPH in 2001 and was subsequently approved for pattern hair loss in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> in 2009 and in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-Llewellyn2011_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Llewellyn2011-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MacDonald_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacDonald-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Patent_protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Patent protection">patent protection</a> on finasteride and dutasteride has expired and both drugs are available as <a href="/wiki/Generic_drug" title="Generic drug">generic medications</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SataloffSclafani2015_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SataloffSclafani2015-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drugs.com-Dutasteride_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com-Dutasteride-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>5-ARIs have been studied in combination with the <a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal_antiandrogen" title="Nonsteroidal antiandrogen">nonsteroidal antiandrogen</a> <a href="/wiki/Bicalutamide" title="Bicalutamide">bicalutamide</a> for the treatment of prostate cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15138573_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15138573-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid15151957_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15151957-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid16844453_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16844453-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid19796455_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19796455-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid26048455_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26048455-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid26702991_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26702991-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid27330919_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27330919-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_5%CE%B1-reductase_inhibitors" title="List of 5α-reductase inhibitors">List of 5α-reductase inhibitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_and_development_of_5%CE%B1-reductase_inhibitors" title="Discovery and development of 5α-reductase inhibitors">Discovery and development of 5α-reductase inhibitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP17A1_inhibitor" title="CYP17A1 inhibitor">CYP17A1 inhibitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurosteroidogenesis_inhibitor" title="Neurosteroidogenesis inhibitor">Neurosteroidogenesis inhibitor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Blume-PeytaviWhiting2008-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blume-PeytaviWhiting2008_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blume-PeytaviWhiting2008_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUlrike_Blume-PeytaviDavid_A._WhitingRalph_M._Trüeb2008" class="citation book cs1">Ulrike Blume-Peytavi; David A. 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(2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6741762">"A new look at the 5alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride"</a>. <i>CNS Drug Reviews</i>. <b>12</b> (1): 53–76. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1527-3458.2006.00053.x">10.1111/j.1527-3458.2006.00053.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1080-563X">1080-563X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6741762">6741762</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16834758">16834758</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNS+Drug+Reviews&rft.atitle=A+new+look+at+the+5alpha-reductase+inhibitor+finasteride&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=53-76&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6741762%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1080-563X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16834758&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1527-3458.2006.00053.x&rft.aulast=Finn&rft.aufirst=Deborah+A.&rft.au=Beadles-Bohling%2C+Amy+S.&rft.au=Beckley%2C+Ethan+H.&rft.au=Ford%2C+Matthew+M.&rft.au=Gililland%2C+Katherine+R.&rft.au=Gorin-Meyer%2C+Rebecca+E.&rft.au=Wiren%2C+Kristine+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6741762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A5%CE%B1-Reductase+inhibitor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinnBeadles-BohlingBeckleyFord2006" class="citation journal cs1">Finn, D. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Burger%27s+Medicinal+Chemistry+and+Drug+Discovery%2C+Autocoids%2C+Diagnostics%2C+and+Drugs+from+New+Biology&rft.pages=439&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2003-02-20&rft.isbn=978-0-471-37030-7&rft.au=Alfred+Burger&rft.au=Donald+J.+Abraham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D25ZUAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A5%CE%B1-Reductase+inhibitor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Llewellyn2011-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Llewellyn2011_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Llewellyn2011" class="citation book cs1">William Llewellyn (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=afKLA-6wW0oC&pg=PT971"><i>Anabolics</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anabolics&rft.pages=968-%2C+971-&rft.pub=Molecular+Nutrition+Llc&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-9828280-1-4&rft.au=William+Llewellyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DafKLA-6wW0oC%26pg%3DPT971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A5%CE%B1-Reductase+inhibitor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacDonald-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald2015" class="citation web cs1">MacDonald, Gareth (3 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.in-pharmatechnologist.com/Regulatory-Safety/GSK-Japan-delays-alopecia-drug-launch-after-Catalent-manufacturing-halt">"GSK Japan delays alopecia drug launch after Catalent manufacturing halt"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161001165059/http://www.in-pharmatechnologist.com/Regulatory-Safety/GSK-Japan-delays-alopecia-drug-launch-after-Catalent-manufacturing-halt">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Enzyme_inhibition" title="Template talk:Enzyme inhibition"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Enzyme_inhibition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Enzyme inhibition"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pharmacology:_enzyme_inhibition" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacology" title="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a>: <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">enzyme inhibition</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_inhibition" title="Competitive inhibition">Competitive inhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncompetitive_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncompetitive inhibitor">Uncompetitive inhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-competitive_inhibition" title="Non-competitive inhibition">Non-competitive inhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_inhibition" title="Suicide inhibition">Suicide inhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_inhibition" title="Mixed inhibition">Mixed inhibition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Substrate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">Oxidoreductase</a> (EC 1)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1.1 <a href="/wiki/Aldose_reductase_inhibitor" title="Aldose reductase inhibitor">Aldose reductase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statin" title="Statin">HMG-CoA reductase</a></li></ul> <ul><li>1.3 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">5α-Reductase</a></li></ul> <ul><li>1.4 <a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor" title="Monoamine oxidase inhibitor">Monoamine oxidase</a></li></ul> <ul><li>1.5 <a href="/wiki/Dihydrofolate_reductase_inhibitor" title="Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor">Dihydrofolate reductase</a></li></ul> <ul><li>1.13 <a href="/wiki/Lipoxygenase_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipoxygenase inhibitor">Lipoxygenase</a></li></ul> <ul><li>1.14 <a href="/wiki/Aromatase_inhibitor" title="Aromatase inhibitor">Aromatase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COX-2_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="COX-2 inhibitor">COX-2</a></li></ul> <ul><li>1.17 <a href="/wiki/Xanthine_oxidase_inhibitor" title="Xanthine oxidase inhibitor">Xanthine oxidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribonucleotide_reductase_inhibitor" title="Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor">Ribonucleotide reductase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transferase" title="Transferase">Transferase</a> (EC 2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2.1 <a href="/wiki/COMT_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="COMT inhibitor">COMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymidylate_synthase_inhibitor" title="Thymidylate synthase inhibitor">Thymidylate synthase</a></li></ul> <ul><li>2.4 <a href="/wiki/PARP_inhibitor" title="PARP inhibitor">PARP</a></li></ul> <ul><li>2.5 <a href="/wiki/Dihydropteroate_synthase_inhibitor" title="Dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor">Dihydropteroate synthetase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnesyltransferase_inhibitor" title="Farnesyltransferase inhibitor">Farnesyltransferase</a></li></ul> <ul><li>2.6 <a href="/wiki/GABA_transaminase_inhibitor" title="GABA transaminase inhibitor">GABA transaminase</a></li></ul> <ul><li>2.7 <a href="/wiki/Nucleotidyltransferase" title="Nucleotidyltransferase">Nucleotidyltransferase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integrase_inhibitor" title="Integrase inhibitor">Integrase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse-transcriptase_inhibitor" title="Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor">Reverse transcriptase</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_kinase_inhibitor" title="Protein kinase inhibitor">Protein kinase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine_kinase_inhibitor" title="Tyrosine kinase inhibitor">Tyrosine kinase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janus_kinase_inhibitor" title="Janus kinase inhibitor">Janus kinase</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hydrolase" title="Hydrolase">Hydrolase</a> (EC 3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>3.1 <a href="/wiki/Phosphodiesterase_inhibitor" title="Phosphodiesterase inhibitor">Phosphodiesterase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acetylcholinesterase_inhibitor" title="Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor">Acetylcholinesterase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribonuclease_inhibitor" title="Ribonuclease inhibitor">Ribonuclease</a></li></ul> <ul><li>3.2 <a href="/wiki/Polygalacturonase_inhibitor" title="Polygalacturonase inhibitor">Polygalacturonase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuraminidase_inhibitor" title="Neuraminidase inhibitor">Neuraminidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-glucosidase_inhibitor" title="Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor">Alpha-glucosidase</a></li></ul> <ul><li>3.4 <a href="/wiki/Protease_inhibitor_(pharmacology)" title="Protease inhibitor (pharmacology)">Protease</a>: <a href="/wiki/Exopeptidase_inhibitor" title="Exopeptidase inhibitor">Exopeptidase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dipeptidyl_peptidase-4_inhibitor" title="Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor">DPP-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACE_inhibitor" title="ACE inhibitor">ACE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endopeptidase_inhibitor" title="Endopeptidase inhibitor">Endopeptidase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trypsin_inhibitor" title="Trypsin inhibitor">Trypsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renin_inhibitor" title="Renin inhibitor">Renin</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Mixed</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enkephalinase_inhibitor" title="Enkephalinase inhibitor">Enkephalinase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrix_metalloproteinase_inhibitor" title="Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor">Matrix metalloproteinase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxytocinase_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxytocinase inhibitor">Oxytocinase</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>3.5 <a href="/wiki/Histone_deacetylase_inhibitor" title="Histone deacetylase inhibitor">Histone deacetylase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta-lactamase_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-lactamase inhibitor">Beta-lactamase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lyase" title="Lyase">Lyase</a> (EC 4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>4.1 <a href="/wiki/Dopa_decarboxylase_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dopa decarboxylase inhibitor">Dopa decarboxylase</a></li></ul> <ul><li>4.2 <a href="/wiki/Carbonic_anhydrase_inhibitor" title="Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor">Carbonic anhydrase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steroidogenesis_inhibitor" title="Steroidogenesis inhibitor">Steroidogenesis inhibitor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Drugs_used_in_benign_prostatic_hyperplasia_(G04C)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Drugs_used_in_benign_prostatic_hypertrophy" title="Template:Drugs used in benign prostatic hypertrophy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Drugs_used_in_benign_prostatic_hypertrophy" title="Template talk:Drugs used in benign prostatic hypertrophy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Drugs_used_in_benign_prostatic_hypertrophy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Drugs used in benign prostatic hypertrophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Drugs_used_in_benign_prostatic_hyperplasia_(G04C)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Drugs used in <a href="/wiki/Benign_prostatic_hyperplasia" title="Benign prostatic hyperplasia">benign prostatic hyperplasia</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_G04#G04C" title="ATC code G04">G04C</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">5α-Reductase inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutasteride" title="Dutasteride">Dutasteride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epristeride" title="Epristeride">Epristeride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finasteride" title="Finasteride">Finasteride</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finasteride/tadalafil" title="Finasteride/tadalafil">+tadalafil</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alpha-1_blocker" title="Alpha-1 blocker">Alpha-1 blockers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfuzosin" title="Alfuzosin">Alfuzosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxazosin" title="Doxazosin">Doxazosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silodosin" title="Silodosin">Silodosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamsulosin" title="Tamsulosin">Tamsulosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terazosin" title="Terazosin">Terazosin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Steroidal_antiandrogen" title="Steroidal antiandrogen">Steroidal antiandrogens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allylestrenol" title="Allylestrenol">Allylestrenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delmadinone_acetate" title="Delmadinone acetate">Delmadinone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestonorone_caproate" title="Gestonorone caproate">Gestonorone caproate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osaterone_acetate" title="Osaterone acetate">Osaterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxendolone" title="Oxendolone">Oxendolone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herbal_medicine" title="Herbal medicine">Herbal products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pygeum_(herbal_remedy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pygeum (herbal remedy)">Pygeum africanum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saw_palmetto_extract" title="Saw palmetto extract">Saw palmetto extract</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mepartricin" title="Mepartricin">Mepartricin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Other_dermatological_preparations_(D11)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Other_dermatological_preparations" title="Template:Other dermatological preparations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Other_dermatological_preparations" title="Template talk:Other dermatological preparations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Other_dermatological_preparations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Other dermatological preparations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Other_dermatological_preparations_(D11)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Dermatological" class="mw-redirect" title="Dermatological">dermatological</a> preparations (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D11" title="ATC code D11">D11</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-seborrheic" title="Anti-seborrheic">Anti-seborrheics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiandrogen" title="Antiandrogen">Antiandrogens</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicalutamide" title="Bicalutamide">Bicalutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutamide" title="Flutamide">Flutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antifungal" title="Antifungal">Antifungals</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bifonazole" title="Bifonazole">Bifonazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetrimonium_bromide" title="Cetrimonium bromide">Cetrimonium bromide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cetrimide" title="Cetrimide">cetrimide</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclopirox_olamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciclopirox olamine">Ciclopirox olamine (ciclopirox)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbazole" title="Climbazole">Climbazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotrimazole" title="Clotrimazole">Clotrimazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">Ketoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miconazole" title="Miconazole">Miconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piroctone_olamine" title="Piroctone olamine">Piroctone olamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenium_disulfide" title="Selenium disulfide">Selenium disulfide (selenium sulfide)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenysalate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenysalate (page does not exist)">Xenysalate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_pyrithione" title="Zinc pyrithione">Zinc pyrithione (pyrithione zinc)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antihistamine" title="Antihistamine">Antihistamines</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calcineurin_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcineurin inhibitor">Calcineurin inhibitors</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclosporin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclosporin">Cyclosporin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimecrolimus" title="Pimecrolimus">Pimecrolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacrolimus" title="Tacrolimus">Tacrolimus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotretinoin" title="Isotretinoin">Isotretinoin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keratolytic" title="Keratolytic">Keratolytics</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_tar" title="Coal tar">Coal tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resorcinol" title="Resorcinol">Resorcinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicylic_acid" title="Salicylic acid">Salicylic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urea" title="Urea">Urea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urea-containing_cream" title="Urea-containing cream">urea-containing cream</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lithium_(medication)" title="Lithium (medication)">Lithium salts</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithium_gluconate" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium gluconate">Lithium gluconate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium_succinate" title="Lithium succinate">Lithium succinate</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Topical_steroid" title="Topical steroid">Topical corticosteroids</a></i> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone">hydrocortisone</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skin_whitening" title="Skin whitening">Skin lightening</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydroquinone" title="Hydroquinone">Hydroquinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mequinol" title="Mequinol">Mequinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monobenzone" title="Monobenzone">Monobenzone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sun_tanning" title="Sun tanning">Skin darkening</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afamelanotide" title="Afamelanotide">Afamelanotide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanotan_II" title="Melanotan II">Melanotan II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatories" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-inflammatories">Anti-inflammatories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alitretinoin" title="Alitretinoin">Alitretinoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%93-Linolenic_acid" title="Γ-Linolenic acid">Gamolenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxaceprol" title="Oxaceprol">Oxaceprol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimecrolimus" title="Pimecrolimus">Pimecrolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacrolimus" title="Tacrolimus">Tacrolimus</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Topical_steroid" title="Topical steroid">Topical corticosteroids</a></i> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone">hydrocortisone</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Management_of_hair_loss" title="Management of hair loss">Alopecia treatments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">5α-Reductase inhibitors</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfatradiol" title="Alfatradiol">Alfatradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutasteride" title="Dutasteride">Dutasteride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finasteride" title="Finasteride">Finasteride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saw_palmetto_extract" title="Saw palmetto extract">Saw palmetto extract</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiandrogen" title="Antiandrogen">Antiandrogens</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicalutamide" title="Bicalutamide">Bicalutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutamide" title="Flutamide">Flutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topilutamide" title="Topilutamide">Topilutamide (fluridil)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Potassium_channel_opener" title="Potassium channel opener">Potassium channel openers</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minoxidil" title="Minoxidil">Minoxidil</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Others</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepidermin" title="Nepidermin">Nepidermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritlecitinib" title="Ritlecitinib">Ritlecitinib</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hair_growth_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair growth inhibitor">Hair growth inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">5α-Reductase inhibitors</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutasteride" title="Dutasteride">Dutasteride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finasteride" title="Finasteride">Finasteride</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiandrogen" title="Antiandrogen">Antiandrogens</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicalutamide" title="Bicalutamide">Bicalutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutamide" title="Flutamide">Flutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eflornithine" title="Eflornithine">Eflornithine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrocitinib" title="Abrocitinib">Abrocitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminobenzoate" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminobenzoate">Aminobenzoate potassium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androgen" title="Androgen">Androgens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Testosterone_(medication)" title="Testosterone (medication)">testosterone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzoylperoxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Benzoylperoxide">Benzoylperoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brimonidine" title="Brimonidine">Brimonidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">Caffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_gluconate" title="Calcium gluconate">Calcium gluconate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collagen" title="Collagen">Collagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisaborole" title="Crisaborole">Crisaborole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromoglicic_acid" title="Cromoglicic acid">Cromoglicic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delgocitinib" title="Delgocitinib">Delgocitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deoxycholic_acid" title="Deoxycholic acid">Deoxycholic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diclofenac" title="Diclofenac">Diclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupilumab" title="Dupilumab">Dupilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">Estrogens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">estradiol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycopyrronium_bromide" title="Glycopyrronium bromide">Glycopyrronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycopyrronium_tosylate" title="Glycopyrronium tosylate">Glycopyrronium tosylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyaluronic_acid" title="Hyaluronic acid">Hyaluronic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">Hydrogen peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivermectin" title="Ivermectin">Ivermectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebrikizumab" title="Lebrikizumab">Lebrikizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokivetmab" title="Lokivetmab">Lokivetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_sulfate" title="Magnesium sulfate">Magnesium sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metandienone" title="Metandienone">Metandienone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemolizumab" title="Nemolizumab">Nemolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oclacitinib" title="Oclacitinib">Oclacitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxymetazoline" title="Oxymetazoline">Oxymetazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povidone-iodine" title="Povidone-iodine">Povidone-iodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_acetate" title="Pregnenolone acetate">Pregnenolone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progestogen" title="Progestogen">Progestogens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Progesterone_(medication)" title="Progesterone (medication)">progesterone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruxolitinib" title="Ruxolitinib">Ruxolitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiratricol" title="Tiratricol">Tiratricol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tralokinumab" title="Tralokinumab">Tralokinumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Androgens_and_antiandrogens" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Androgens_and_antiandrogens" title="Template:Androgens and antiandrogens"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Androgens_and_antiandrogens" title="Template talk:Androgens and antiandrogens"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Androgens_and_antiandrogens" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Androgens and antiandrogens"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Androgens_and_antiandrogens" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Androgen" title="Androgen">Androgens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antiandrogen" title="Antiandrogen">antiandrogens</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Androgen" title="Androgen">Androgens</a><br />(incl. <a href="/wiki/Anabolic%E2%80%93androgenic_steroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabolic–androgenic steroid"><abbr title="anabolic–androgenic steroid">AAS</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip anabolic–androgenic steroid</span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Androgen_receptor" title="Androgen receptor"><abbr title="Androgen receptor">AR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Androgen receptor</span> <a href="/wiki/Agonist" title="Agonist">agonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Testosterone derivatives:</i> <a href="/wiki/Androstenediol_dipropionate" title="Androstenediol dipropionate">Androstenediol dipropionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boldenone_undecylenate" title="Boldenone undecylenate">Boldenone undecylenate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clostebol" title="Clostebol">Clostebol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clostebol_acetate" title="Clostebol acetate">Clostebol acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clostebol_caproate" title="Clostebol caproate">Clostebol caproate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clostebol_propionate" title="Clostebol propionate">Clostebol propionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloxotestosterone_acetate" title="Cloxotestosterone acetate">Cloxotestosterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasterone" title="Prasterone">Prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasterone_enanthate" title="Prasterone enanthate">Prasterone enanthate (DHEA enanthate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasterone_sulfate" title="Prasterone sulfate">Prasterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinbolone" title="Quinbolone">Quinbolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone_(medication)" title="Testosterone (medication)">Testosterone</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_androgen_esters#Testosterone_esters" title="List of androgen esters">Testosterone esters</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Testosterone_cypionate" title="Testosterone cypionate">testosterone cypionate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Testosterone_enanthate" title="Testosterone enanthate">testosterone enanthate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Testosterone_propionate" title="Testosterone propionate">testosterone propionate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Testosterone_undecanoate" title="Testosterone undecanoate">testosterone undecanoate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Testosterone_ester_mixture" class="mw-redirect" title="Testosterone ester mixture">testosterone ester mixtures</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deposterona" class="mw-redirect" title="Deposterona">Deposterona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omnadren" class="mw-redirect" title="Omnadren">Omnadren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Testosterone_propionate/testosterone_phenylpropionate/testosterone_isocaproate/testosterone_decanoate" title="Testosterone propionate/testosterone phenylpropionate/testosterone isocaproate/testosterone decanoate">Sustanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Testoviron_depot" class="mw-redirect" title="Testoviron depot">Testoviron Depot</a>))</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Dihydrotestosterone derivatives:</i> <a href="/wiki/Androstanolone" title="Androstanolone">Androstanolone (stanolone, dihydrotestosterone, DHT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_androgen_esters#Dihydrotestosterone_esters" title="List of androgen esters">Androstanolone esters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolazine_capronate" title="Bolazine capronate">Bolazine capronate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drostanolone_propionate" title="Drostanolone propionate">Drostanolone propionate (dromostanolone propionate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitiostanol" title="Epitiostanol">Epitiostanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepitiostane" title="Mepitiostane">Mepitiostane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesterolone" title="Mesterolone">Mesterolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metenolone_acetate" title="Metenolone acetate">Metenolone acetate (methenolone acetate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metenolone_enanthate" title="Metenolone enanthate">Metenolone enanthate (methenolone enanthate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stenbolone_acetate" title="Stenbolone acetate">Stenbolone acetate</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>19-Nortestosterone derivatives:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bolandiol_dipropionate" title="Bolandiol dipropionate">Bolandiol dipropionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_androgen_esters#Nandrolone_esters" title="List of androgen esters">Nandrolone esters</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Nandrolone_decanoate" title="Nandrolone decanoate">nandrolone decanoate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nandrolone_phenylpropionate" title="Nandrolone phenylpropionate">nandrolone phenylpropionate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norclostebol" title="Norclostebol">Norclostebol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norclostebol_acetate" title="Norclostebol acetate">Norclostebol acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxabolone_cipionate" title="Oxabolone cipionate">Oxabolone cipionate (oxabolone cypionate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenbolone_acetate" title="Trenbolone acetate">Trenbolone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenbolone_hexahydrobenzylcarbonate" title="Trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate">Trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate (trenbolone cyclohexylmethylcarbonate)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>17α-Alkylated testosterone derivatives:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bolasterone" title="Bolasterone">Bolasterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calusterone" title="Calusterone">Calusterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone" title="Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone">Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone (CDMT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoxymesterone" title="Fluoxymesterone">Fluoxymesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formebolone" title="Formebolone">Formebolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metandienone" title="Metandienone">Metandienone (methandienone, methandrostenolone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methandriol" title="Methandriol">Methandriol (methylandrostenediol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methandriol_bisenanthoyl_acetate" title="Methandriol bisenanthoyl acetate">Methandriol bisenanthoyl acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methandriol_dipropionate" title="Methandriol dipropionate">Methandriol dipropionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methandriol_propionate" title="Methandriol propionate">Methandriol propionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyltestosterone" title="Methyltestosterone">Methyltestosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyltestosterone_3-hexyl_ether" title="Methyltestosterone 3-hexyl ether">Methyltestosterone 3-hexyl ether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxymesterone" title="Oxymesterone">Oxymesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penmesterol" title="Penmesterol">Penmesterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiomesterone" title="Tiomesterone">Tiomesterone (thiomesterone)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>17α-Alkylated dihydrotestosterone derivatives:</i> <a href="/wiki/Androisoxazole" title="Androisoxazole">Androisoxazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furazabol" title="Furazabol">Furazabol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebolazine" title="Mebolazine">Mebolazine (dimethazine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestanolone" title="Mestanolone">Mestanolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxandrolone" title="Oxandrolone">Oxandrolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxymetholone" title="Oxymetholone">Oxymetholone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanozolol" title="Stanozolol">Stanozolol</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>17α-Alkylated 19-nortestosterone derivatives:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ethylestrenol" title="Ethylestrenol">Ethylestrenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mibolerone" title="Mibolerone">Mibolerone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norethandrolone" title="Norethandrolone">Norethandrolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normethandrone" title="Normethandrone">Normethandrone (methylestrenolone, normethisterone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propetandrol" title="Propetandrol">Propetandrol (propethandrol)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>17α-Vinyltestosterone derivatives:</i> <a href="/wiki/Norvinisterone" title="Norvinisterone">Norvinisterone (vinylnortestosterone)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>17α-Ethynyltestosterone derivatives:</i> <a href="/wiki/Danazol" title="Danazol">Danazol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestrinone" title="Gestrinone">Gestrinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progestin" class="mw-redirect" title="Progestin">Progestins</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Ethisterone" title="Ethisterone">ethisterone (ethynyltestosterone)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levonorgestrel" title="Levonorgestrel">levonorgestrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norgestrel" title="Norgestrel">norgestrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norethisterone" title="Norethisterone">norethisterone (norethindrone)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lynestrenol" title="Lynestrenol">lynestrenol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norgestrienone" title="Norgestrienone">norgestrienone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibolone" title="Tibolone">Tibolone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Progesterone derivatives:</i> <a href="/wiki/Medroxyprogesterone_acetate" title="Medroxyprogesterone acetate">Medroxyprogesterone acetate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Progonadotropin" title="Progonadotropin">Progonadotropins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiestrogen" title="Antiestrogen">Antiestrogens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Tamoxifen" title="Tamoxifen">tamoxifen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clomifene" title="Clomifene">clomifene</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GnRH_agonist" class="mw-redirect" title="GnRH agonist">GnRH agonists</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormone" title="Gonadotropin-releasing hormone">GnRH (gonadorelin)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leuprorelin" title="Leuprorelin">leuprorelin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonadotropin" title="Gonadotropin">Gonadotropins</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Luteinizing_hormone" title="Luteinizing hormone"><abbr title="luteinizing hormone">LH</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip luteinizing hormone</span>, <a href="/wiki/Human_chorionic_gonadotropin" title="Human chorionic gonadotropin"><abbr title="human chorionic gonadotropin">hCG</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip human chorionic gonadotropin</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Antiandrogen" title="Antiandrogen">Antiandrogens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Androgen_receptor" title="Androgen receptor"><abbr title="Androgen receptor">AR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Androgen receptor</span> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_antagonist" title="Receptor antagonist">antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Steroidal:</i> <a href="/wiki/Abiraterone_acetate" title="Abiraterone acetate">Abiraterone acetate</a> <a href="/wiki/Niraparib/abiraterone_acetate" title="Niraparib/abiraterone acetate">+niraparib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canrenone" title="Canrenone">Canrenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate" title="Chlormadinone acetate">Chlormadinone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delmadinone_acetate" title="Delmadinone acetate">Delmadinone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dienogest" title="Dienogest">Dienogest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drospirenone" title="Drospirenone">Drospirenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medrogestone" title="Medrogestone">Medrogestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megestrol_acetate" title="Megestrol acetate">Megestrol acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomegestrol_acetate" title="Nomegestrol acetate">Nomegestrol acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osaterone_acetate" title="Osaterone acetate">Osaterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxendolone" title="Oxendolone">Oxendolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_canrenoate" title="Potassium canrenoate">Potassium canrenoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Nonsteroidal:</i> <a href="/wiki/Apalutamide" title="Apalutamide">Apalutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicalutamide" title="Bicalutamide">Bicalutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimetidine" title="Cimetidine">Cimetidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darolutamide" title="Darolutamide">Darolutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzalutamide" title="Enzalutamide">Enzalutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutamide" title="Flutamide">Flutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">Ketoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilutamide" title="Nilutamide">Nilutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seviteronel" title="Seviteronel">Seviteronel</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topilutamide" title="Topilutamide">Topilutamide (fluridil)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Steroidogenesis_inhibitor" title="Steroidogenesis inhibitor">Steroidogenesis<br />inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">5α-Reductase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfatradiol" title="Alfatradiol">Alfatradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutasteride" title="Dutasteride">Dutasteride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epristeride" title="Epristeride">Epristeride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finasteride" title="Finasteride">Finasteride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saw_palmetto_extract" title="Saw palmetto extract">Saw palmetto extract</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiraterone_acetate" title="Abiraterone acetate">Abiraterone acetate</a> <a href="/wiki/Niraparib/abiraterone_acetate" title="Niraparib/abiraterone acetate">+niraparib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminoglutethimide" title="Aminoglutethimide">Aminoglutethimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bifluranol" title="Bifluranol">Bifluranol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutamide" title="Flutamide">Flutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">Ketoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilutamide" title="Nilutamide">Nilutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seviteronel" title="Seviteronel">Seviteronel</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Antigonadotropin" title="Antigonadotropin">Antigonadotropins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D2_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="D2 receptor">D<sub>2</sub> receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Dopamine_antagonist" title="Dopamine antagonist">antagonists</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prolactin_releaser" class="mw-redirect" title="Prolactin releaser">prolactin releasers</a>) (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Domperidone" title="Domperidone">domperidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metoclopramide" title="Metoclopramide">metoclopramide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Risperidone" title="Risperidone">risperidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haloperidol" title="Haloperidol">haloperidol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlorpromazine" title="Chlorpromazine">chlorpromazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulpiride" title="Sulpiride">sulpiride</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">Estrogens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Bifluranol" title="Bifluranol">bifluranol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diethylstilbestrol" title="Diethylstilbestrol">diethylstilbestrol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">estradiol</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_estrogen_esters#Estradiol_esters" title="List of estrogen esters">estradiol esters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol" title="Ethinylestradiol">ethinylestradiol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol_sulfonate" title="Ethinylestradiol sulfonate">ethinylestradiol sulfonate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paroxypropione" title="Paroxypropione">paroxypropione</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GnRH_agonist" class="mw-redirect" title="GnRH agonist">GnRH agonists</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Leuprorelin" title="Leuprorelin">leuprorelin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GnRH_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="GnRH antagonist">GnRH antagonists</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Cetrorelix" title="Cetrorelix">cetrorelix</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progestogen" title="Progestogen">Progestogens</a> (incl., <a href="/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate" title="Chlormadinone acetate">chlormadinone acetate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">cyproterone acetate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydroxyprogesterone_caproate" title="Hydroxyprogesterone caproate">hydroxyprogesterone caproate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gestonorone_caproate" title="Gestonorone caproate">gestonorone caproate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medroxyprogesterone_acetate" title="Medroxyprogesterone acetate">medroxyprogesterone acetate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Megestrol_acetate" title="Megestrol acetate">megestrol acetate</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Androstenedione immunogens:</i> <a href="/wiki/Androvax" title="Androvax">Androvax (androstenedione albumin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovandrotone_albumin" title="Ovandrotone albumin">Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Androgen_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Androgen receptor modulators">Androgen receptor modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Estrogens_and_antiestrogens" title="Template:Estrogens and antiestrogens">Estrogens and antiestrogens</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Progestogens_and_antiprogestogens" title="Template:Progestogens and antiprogestogens">Progestogens and antiprogestogens</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_androgens/anabolic_steroids" class="mw-redirect" title="List of androgens/anabolic steroids">List of androgens/anabolic steroids</a></dd></dl></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=5α-Reductase_inhibitor&oldid=1262650612">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=5α-Reductase_inhibitor&oldid=1262650612</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitors" title="Category:5α-Reductase inhibitors">5α-Reductase inhibitors</a></li><li><a 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