CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en" > <head>   <title>Tim Robbins: ‘You’re telling me Netflix is the future of cinema? We’re in big trouble’ | Television | The Guardian</title> <meta name="description" content="With Silo, the actor – known for his strong political stances – is still choosing roles he truly believes in that echo real life. But he’s now concerned about the wider future of his own industry, too" /> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,minimum-scale=1,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#052962" /> <link rel="manifest" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/manifest.json" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/icons/homescreen/apple-touch-icon.svg" sizes="any"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/icons/homescreen/apple-touch-icon-512.png" sizes="512x512"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/icons/homescreen/apple-touch-icon-360.png" sizes="360x360"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/icons/homescreen/apple-touch-icon-240.png" sizes="240x240"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/icons/homescreen/apple-touch-icon-120.png" sizes="120x120"> <link rel="icon" href="https://static.guim.co.uk/images/favicon-32x32.ico"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://i.guim.co.uk"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://j.ophan.co.uk"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://ophan.theguardian.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://sourcepoint.theguardian.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://i.guim.co.uk"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://j.ophan.co.uk"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://ophan.theguardian.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://api.nextgen.guardianapps.co.uk"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://hits-secure.theguardian.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://interactive.guim.co.uk"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://static.theguardian.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://support.theguardian.com"> <script type="application/ld+json"> [{"@type":"NewsArticle","@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.theguardian.com#publisher","name":"The Guardian","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://uploads.guim.co.uk/2018/01/31/TheGuardian_AMP.png","width":190,"height":60},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/theguardian","https://twitter.com/guardian","https://www.youtube.com/user/TheGuardian"]},"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isPartOf":{"@type":["CreativeWork","Product"],"name":"The Guardian","productID":"theguardian.com:basic"},"image":["https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/0_744_5046_3027/master/5046.jpg?width=1200&height=630&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&overlay-align=bottom%2Cleft&overlay-width=100p&overlay-base64=L2ltZy9zdGF0aWMvb3ZlcmxheXMvdGctZGVmYXVsdC5wbmc&enable=upscale&s=dac9105ea71f24c60774603adbb7c4ec","https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/0_744_5046_3027/master/5046.jpg?width=1200&height=1200&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&s=1de800bb5d81354b0b350e07d5a1cc3f","https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/0_744_5046_3027/master/5046.jpg?width=1200&height=900&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&s=777712e8138734cecfab9053835b7282","https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/0_744_5046_3027/master/5046.jpg?width=1200&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=c65ed984289c2e6b69a77841a9c4e2ff"],"author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Gwilym Mumford","sameAs":"https://www.theguardian.com/profile/gwilym-mumford"}],"datePublished":"2024-11-23T11:55:41.000Z","headline":"Tim Robbins: ‘You’re telling me Netflix is the future of cinema? We’re in big trouble’","dateModified":"2024-11-23T11:55:41.000Z","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank"},{"@type":"WebPage","@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank","potentialAction":{"@type":"ViewAction","target":"android-app://com.guardian/https/www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank"}}] </script>  <link rel="amphtml" href="https://amp.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank"> <link rel="preload" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff2" as="font" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Regular.woff2" as="font" crossorigin> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank"/> <meta property="article:author" content="https://www.theguardian.com/profile/gwilym-mumford"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/0_744_5046_3027/master/5046.jpg?width=1200&height=630&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&overlay-align=bottom%2Cleft&overlay-width=100p&overlay-base64=L2ltZy9zdGF0aWMvb3ZlcmxheXMvdGctZGVmYXVsdC5wbmc&enable=upscale&s=dac9105ea71f24c60774603adbb7c4ec"/> <meta property="al:ios:url" content="gnmguardian://tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank?contenttype=Article&source=applinks"/> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/theguardian"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Tim Robbins: ‘You’re telling me Netflix is the future of cinema? We’re in big trouble’"/> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="180444840287"/> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-11-23T11:55:41.000Z"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="720"/> <meta property="og:description" content="With Silo, the actor – known for his strong political stances – is still choosing roles he truly believes in that echo real life. But he’s now concerned about the wider future of his own industry, too"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="al:ios:app_store_id" content="409128287"/> <meta property="article:section" content="Television & radio"/> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-11-23T11:55:41.000Z"/> <meta property="article:tag" content="Television,Tim Robbins,Science fiction TV,Drama,Film,Culture,Television & radio,Film industry"/> <meta property="al:ios:app_name" content="The Guardian"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="the Guardian"/> <meta name="twitter:dnt" content="on"> <meta name="twitter:app:id:iphone" content="409128287"/> <meta name="twitter:app:name:googleplay" content="The Guardian"/> <meta name="twitter:app:name:ipad" content="The Guardian"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:app:name:iphone" content="The Guardian"/> <meta name="twitter:app:id:ipad" content="409128287"/> <meta name="twitter:app:id:googleplay" content="com.guardian"/> <meta name="twitter:app:url:googleplay" content="guardian://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank"/> <meta name="twitter:app:url:iphone" content="gnmguardian://tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank?contenttype=Article&source=twitter"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/0_744_5046_3027/master/5046.jpg?width=1200&height=630&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&overlay-align=bottom%2Cleft&overlay-width=100p&overlay-base64=L2ltZy9zdGF0aWMvb3ZlcmxheXMvdGctZGVmYXVsdC5wbmc&s=ea0e20795278a2653be847cf9fde90e8"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@guardian"/> <meta name="twitter:app:url:ipad" content="gnmguardian://tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank?contenttype=Article&source=twitter"/>  <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"> <script> window.guardian = {"config":{"isDotcomRendering":true,"isDev":false,"stage":"PROD","frontendAssetsFullURL":"https://assets.guim.co.uk/","page":{"switches":{"externalVideoEmbeds":true,"abSignInGateMainVariant":true,"lightbox":true,"abGpidPrebidAdUnits":true,"prebidAppnexusUkRow":true,"prebidMagnite":true,"commercialMetrics":true,"prebidTrustx":true,"scAdFreeBanner":false,"adaptiveSite":true,"prebidPermutiveAudience":true,"compareVariantDecision":false,"enableSentryReporting":true,"lazyLoadContainers":true,"ampArticleSwitch":true,"remarketing":true,"articleEndSlot":true,"keyEventsCarousel":true,"registerWithPhone":false,"darkModeWeb":true,"targeting":true,"remoteHeader":true,"slotBodyEnd":true,"prebidImproveDigitalSkins":false,"ampPrebidOzone":true,"extendedMostPopularFronts":true,"emailInlineInFooter":true,"showNewPrivacyWordingOnEmailSignupEmbeds":true,"prebidAnalytics":true,"extendedMostPopular":true,"ampContentAbTesting":false,"prebidCriteo":true,"okta":true,"imrWorldwide":true,"acast":true,"twitterUwt":true,"prebidAppnexusInvcode":true,"ampPrebidPubmatic":true,"abUsaExpandableMarketingCard":true,"a9HeaderBidding":true,"prebidAppnexus":true,"abOnwardsContentArticle":false,"enableDiscussionSwitch":true,"prebidXaxis":true,"stickyVideos":true,"interactiveFullHeaderSwitch":true,"discussionAllPageSize":true,"prebidUserSync":true,"audioOnwardJourneySwitch":true,"brazeTaylorReport":false,"callouts":true,"sentinelLogger":true,"geoMostPopular":true,"weAreHiring":false,"relatedContent":true,"thirdPartyEmbedTracking":true,"prebidOzone":true,"ampLiveblogSwitch":true,"ampAmazon":true,"prebidAdYouLike":true,"mostViewedFronts":true,"optOutAdvertising":true,"abSignInGateMainControl":true,"googleSearch":true,"disableFrontContainerShowHide":true,"abOptOutFrequencyCap":true,"brazeSwitch":true,"prebidKargo":true,"consentManagement":true,"personaliseSignInGateAfterCheckout":true,"prebidSonobi":true,"idProfileNavigation":true,"confiantAdVerification":true,"discussionAllowAnonymousRecommendsSwitch":false,"absoluteServerTimes":false,"permutive":true,"comscore":true,"ampPrebidCriteo":true,"newsletterOnwards":false,"youtubeIma":true,"webFonts":true,"liveBlogTopSponsorship":true,"prebidImproveDigital":false,"abAdBlockAsk":false,"ophan":true,"crosswordSvgThumbnails":true,"prebidTriplelift":true,"weather":true,"prebidPubmatic":true,"serverShareCounts":false,"autoRefresh":true,"enhanceTweets":true,"prebidIndexExchange":true,"prebidOpenx":true,"prebidHeaderBidding":true,"idCookieRefresh":true,"discussionPageSize":true,"smartAppBanner":false,"abNewHeaderBiddingEndpoint":true,"historyTags":true,"brazeContentCards":true,"remoteBanner":true,"emailSignupRecaptcha":true,"prebidSmart":true,"shouldLoadGoogletag":true,"inizio":true,"europeBetaFront":true},"abTests":{},"googletagUrl":"//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js","stage":"PROD","frontendAssetsFullURL":"https://assets.guim.co.uk/","ampIframeUrl":"https://assets.guim.co.uk/data/vendor/2533d5cb94302889e6a8f1b24b5329e7/amp-iframe.html","tones":"Interviews","facebookIaAdUnitRoot":"facebook-instant-articles","avatarApiUrl":"https://avatar.theguardian.com","isSplash":false,"isColumn":false,"membershipUrl":"https://membership.theguardian.com","headline":"Tim Robbins: ‘You’re telling me Netflix is the future of cinema? We’re in big trouble’","isImmersive":false,"author":"Gwilym Mumford","toneIds":"tone/interview","ipsosTag":"tvandradio","isProd":true,"membershipAccess":"","allowUserGeneratedContent":false,"commissioningDesks":"saturday-magazine","webPublicationDate":1732362941000,"forecastsapiurl":"/weatherapi/forecast","supportUrl":"https://support.theguardian.com","isNumberedList":false,"commercialBundleUrl":"https://assets.guim.co.uk/javascripts/commercial/731721cfc687c081b651/graun.standalone.commercial.js","idOAuthUrl":"https://oauth.theguardian.com","webTitle":"Tim Robbins: ‘You’re telling me Netflix is the future of cinema? We’re in big trouble’","isPhotoEssay":false,"idWebAppUrl":"https://oauth.theguardian.com","a9PublisherId":"3722","isFront":false,"inBodyInternalLinkCount":6,"googleSearchUrl":"//www.google.co.uk/cse/cse.js","inBodyExternalLinkCount":2,"showRelatedContent":true,"lightboxImages":{"id":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank","headline":"Tim Robbins: ‘You’re telling me Netflix is the future of cinema? We’re in big trouble’","shouldHideAdverts":false,"standfirst":"<p>With Silo, the actor – known for his strong political stances – is still choosing roles he truly believes in that echo real life. But he’s now concerned about the wider future of his own industry, too</p>","images":[{"caption":"Going underground … Tim Robbins in Silo.","credit":"Photograph: Jason Bell/Apple TV+","displayCredit":true,"src":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=700&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=9c1ac17f52e7c50a73bb9cade403b74c","srcsets":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=1920&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=b1f4067cdcfc545a7cf2654c8510be42 1920w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=1225&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=2f407da78715c9feec936dd26abb3371 1225w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=1065&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=fc36eabb557b8ee69cf3e3ad0d96cc86 1065w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=965&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=0fd396e5491e6fe526295818eb508b63 965w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=725&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=df8719f2df1e4ae33423a3dd8f59352a 725w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=645&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=4e06cc0563d05bb66b208b0b4f92cbfd 645w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=465&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=11d3f860142ecf80cce45d224cb1f8c3 465w","sizes":"(min-width: 1300px) 1920px, (min-width: 1140px) 1225px, (min-width: 980px) 1065px, (min-width: 740px) 965px, (min-width: 660px) 725px, (min-width: 480px) 645px, 465px","ratio":1.6668999300209937,"role":"Some(showcase)","parentContentId":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank","id":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank"},{"caption":"Playing politics … Robbins with Alan Rickman in Bob Roberts.","credit":"Photograph: Working Title Films/Allstar","displayCredit":true,"src":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9c68e1f70b29c88d4b80e5eb95dd8757d8a65d45/0_106_1631_979/master/1631.jpg?width=700&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=5f7064ca96b63c94d62deca1c65c6132","srcsets":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9c68e1f70b29c88d4b80e5eb95dd8757d8a65d45/0_106_1631_979/master/1631.jpg?width=1920&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=12505667d7b46765f60e0dc516bbe4b2 1920w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9c68e1f70b29c88d4b80e5eb95dd8757d8a65d45/0_106_1631_979/master/1631.jpg?width=1225&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=8fe0d20bf1f73611fa997f5af9139144 1225w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9c68e1f70b29c88d4b80e5eb95dd8757d8a65d45/0_106_1631_979/master/1631.jpg?width=1065&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=1099156ad3faede9d90739c2d31594d7 1065w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9c68e1f70b29c88d4b80e5eb95dd8757d8a65d45/0_106_1631_979/master/1631.jpg?width=965&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=f610d12357ea8d02f45919d6593e08a3 965w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9c68e1f70b29c88d4b80e5eb95dd8757d8a65d45/0_106_1631_979/master/1631.jpg?width=725&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=0c38b154f5fc4a49b4320adbc2cffcad 725w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9c68e1f70b29c88d4b80e5eb95dd8757d8a65d45/0_106_1631_979/master/1631.jpg?width=645&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=43327327a8e3ec885c3d8f43012a3c42 645w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9c68e1f70b29c88d4b80e5eb95dd8757d8a65d45/0_106_1631_979/master/1631.jpg?width=465&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=438d371f8263df20166a28f1e71f7ca4 465w","sizes":"(min-width: 1300px) 1920px, (min-width: 1140px) 1225px, (min-width: 980px) 1065px, (min-width: 740px) 965px, (min-width: 660px) 725px, (min-width: 480px) 645px, 465px","ratio":1.665985699693565,"role":"None","parentContentId":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank","id":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank"},{"caption":"","credit":"Photograph: Nick Thompson /Trunk Archive","displayCredit":true,"src":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/98b04da5b4fe01c95a8f0b3372ce8500fcdbf96f/0_0_4480_6321/master/4480.jpg?width=700&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=e25872fac1f68eb1bbfcf9ca483b72dd","srcsets":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/98b04da5b4fe01c95a8f0b3372ce8500fcdbf96f/0_0_4480_6321/master/4480.jpg?width=1920&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=812299b6f89693dc76090c6e26df4f20 1920w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/98b04da5b4fe01c95a8f0b3372ce8500fcdbf96f/0_0_4480_6321/master/4480.jpg?width=1225&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=6fbecf413490efd405a7b2568ac1b734 1225w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/98b04da5b4fe01c95a8f0b3372ce8500fcdbf96f/0_0_4480_6321/master/4480.jpg?width=1065&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=14bc7c7d194af44d9bca51cd75518884 1065w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/98b04da5b4fe01c95a8f0b3372ce8500fcdbf96f/0_0_4480_6321/master/4480.jpg?width=965&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=51c4163f5e3bb8469c3cb1f838dbb116 965w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/98b04da5b4fe01c95a8f0b3372ce8500fcdbf96f/0_0_4480_6321/master/4480.jpg?width=725&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=98d9377c1007c3a8ae1bc03d9832f7c0 725w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/98b04da5b4fe01c95a8f0b3372ce8500fcdbf96f/0_0_4480_6321/master/4480.jpg?width=645&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=e085d40ff7cd722acbd15d920053ac5c 645w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/98b04da5b4fe01c95a8f0b3372ce8500fcdbf96f/0_0_4480_6321/master/4480.jpg?width=465&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=0239273b63a74134701d34f1aa8c6c7c 465w","sizes":"(min-width: 1300px) 1920px, (min-width: 1140px) 1225px, (min-width: 980px) 1065px, (min-width: 740px) 965px, (min-width: 660px) 725px, (min-width: 480px) 645px, 465px","ratio":0.70874861572536,"role":"None","parentContentId":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank","id":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank"},{"caption":"Whole different ball game … Robbins and Kevin Costner in Bull Durham.","credit":"Photograph: Cinetext Collection/Sportsphoto/Allstar","displayCredit":true,"src":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/f6a70c638c3aec8fa25285aa89d8e0ff6a3366b7/0_102_2056_1233/master/2056.jpg?width=700&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=fa5cdbe0aee9f0f5629cb2931ef4ce8c","srcsets":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/f6a70c638c3aec8fa25285aa89d8e0ff6a3366b7/0_102_2056_1233/master/2056.jpg?width=1920&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=ff75fab6d99bbc3b5d84b774d2fa1112 1920w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/f6a70c638c3aec8fa25285aa89d8e0ff6a3366b7/0_102_2056_1233/master/2056.jpg?width=1225&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=3f31d7721ccfda61bbd974c8d8598c78 1225w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/f6a70c638c3aec8fa25285aa89d8e0ff6a3366b7/0_102_2056_1233/master/2056.jpg?width=1065&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=6af6b24d014d5dd246ff284d612de8d0 1065w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/f6a70c638c3aec8fa25285aa89d8e0ff6a3366b7/0_102_2056_1233/master/2056.jpg?width=965&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=ca0e6034612c2f3c9025d4323486e967 965w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/f6a70c638c3aec8fa25285aa89d8e0ff6a3366b7/0_102_2056_1233/master/2056.jpg?width=725&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=de183f0671ec68b1f3401a22e26ec4b5 725w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/f6a70c638c3aec8fa25285aa89d8e0ff6a3366b7/0_102_2056_1233/master/2056.jpg?width=645&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=12f7a7d761432062b0a270fcb9c0be74 645w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/f6a70c638c3aec8fa25285aa89d8e0ff6a3366b7/0_102_2056_1233/master/2056.jpg?width=465&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=0e256f86bfb2b92ad6f6c1dd78ce2e44 465w","sizes":"(min-width: 1300px) 1920px, (min-width: 1140px) 1225px, (min-width: 980px) 1065px, (min-width: 740px) 965px, (min-width: 660px) 725px, (min-width: 480px) 645px, 465px","ratio":1.667477696674777,"role":"None","parentContentId":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank","id":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank"},{"caption":"Slammer time … Robbins with Morgan Freeman in The Shawshank Redemption.","credit":"Photograph: Columbia/Allstar","displayCredit":true,"src":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=700&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=4928527ca62e5aac4f66b5f594808b45","srcsets":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=1920&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=6e22e6bc7b7563bd7eb50032ad884d30 1920w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=1225&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=cd4ec48e4f75c234856de3be7c35cbd9 1225w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=1065&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=1dac68c272273e011e1f9cdb83133096 1065w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=965&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=a59330ea1bdf484c0d3247f516604aa3 965w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=725&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=2eb84ba1f2a0be08904a9a54799144e0 725w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=645&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=95b65d6769ba771b2d8779f15805737e 645w, https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=465&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=a2deadd98f6d60b3f17c9b1063c59b42 465w","sizes":"(min-width: 1300px) 1920px, (min-width: 1140px) 1225px, (min-width: 980px) 1065px, (min-width: 740px) 965px, (min-width: 660px) 725px, (min-width: 480px) 645px, 465px","ratio":1.6669838249286395,"role":"Some(showcase)","parentContentId":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank","id":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank"}]},"googleSearchId":"007466294097402385199:m2ealvuxh1i","shouldHideReaderRevenue":false,"idUrl":"https://profile.theguardian.com","hasSurveyAd":false,"omnitureAmpAccount":"guardiangu-thirdpartyapps","dfpAdUnitRoot":"theguardian.com","trackingNames":"Saturday Magazine","host":"https://www.theguardian.com","blogIds":"","sectionName":"Television & radio","hasMultipleVideosInPage":false,"hasShowcaseMainElement":true,"googleRecaptchaSiteKey":"6LdzlmsdAAAAALFH63cBVagSFPuuHXQ9OfpIDdMc","fbAppId":"180444840287","isContent":true,"shortUrlId":"/p/xvpffd","dfpAccountId":"59666047","plistaPublicApiKey":"462925f4f131001fd974bebe","wordCount":1775,"hasLiveBlogTopAd":false,"dcrSentryDsn":"https://1937ab71c8804b2b8438178dfdd6468f@sentry.io/1377847","cardStyle":"feature","adUnit":"/59666047/theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/article/ng","discussionApiUrl":"https://discussion.theguardian.com/discussion-api","isSensitive":false,"ophanEmbedJsUrl":"//j.ophan.co.uk/ophan.embed","edition":"INT","brazeApiKey":"7f28c639-8bda-48ff-a3f6-24345abfc07c","blogs":"","discussionApiClientHeader":"nextgen","section":"tv-and-radio","userAttributesApiUrl":"https://members-data-api.theguardian.com/user-attributes","videoDuration":0,"dfpHost":"pubads.g.doubleclick.net","weatherapiurl":"/weatherapi/city","sentryPublicApiKey":"344003a8d11c41d8800fbad8383fdc50","shortUrl":"https://www.theguardian.com/p/xvpffd","thumbnail":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/0_744_5046_3027/500.jpg?quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=8450bbfbcd3d33dc83df988c4223154d","pillar":"Arts","pageId":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank","references":[{"rich-link":"https://www.theguardian.com/info/2016/feb/12/film-today-email-sign-up"},{"rich-link":"https://www.theguardian.com/info/2020/mar/25/the-guide-staying-in-sign-up-for-our-home-entertainment-tips"}],"beaconUrl":"//phar.gu-web.net","commentable":false,"discussionD2Uid":"zHoBy6HNKsk","ophanJsUrl":"//j.ophan.co.uk/ophan.ng","contributorBio":"","keywordIds":"culture/television,film/tim-robbins,tv-and-radio/science-fiction,tv-and-radio/drama,film/film,culture/culture,tv-and-radio/tv-and-radio,film/film-industry","contentType":"Article","isDev":false,"isHosted":false,"isAdFree":false,"stripePublicToken":"pk_live_2O6zPMHXNs2AGea4bAmq5R7Z","omnitureAccount":"guardiangu-network","locationapiurl":"/weatherapi/locations?query=","authorIds":"profile/gwilym-mumford","isPaidContent":false,"hasYouTubeAtom":false,"externalEmbedHost":"https://embed.theguardian.com","thirdPartyAppsAccount":"guardiangu-thirdpartyapps","ajaxUrl":"https://api.nextgen.guardianapps.co.uk","byline":"Gwilym Mumford","keywords":"Television,Tim Robbins,Science fiction TV,Drama,Film,Culture,Television & radio,Film industry","contentId":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank","nonKeywordTagIds":"campaign/email/inside-saturday,type/article,tone/interview,profile/gwilym-mumford,publication/theguardian,theguardian/saturday,theguardian/saturday/culture,tracking/commissioningdesk/saturday-magazine","mobileAppsAdUnitRoot":"beta-guardian-app","hasPageSkin":false,"requiresMembershipAccess":false,"revisionNumber":"DEV","optimizeEpicUrl":"https://support.theguardian.com/epic/control/index.html","assetsPath":"https://assets.guim.co.uk/","mmaUrl":"https://manage.theguardian.com","isLive":false,"richLink":"/info/2016/feb/12/film-today-email-sign-up","campaigns":[],"isLiveBlog":false,"pageCode":"14852335","avatarImagesUrl":"https://avatar.guim.co.uk","publication":"The Guardian","sentryHost":"app.getsentry.com/35463","buildNumber":"DEV","sharedAdTargeting":{"ct":"article","su":["0"],"edition":"int","tn":["interview"],"p":"ng","k":["tv-and-radio","tim-robbins","film-industry","drama","science-fiction","film","culture","television"],"sh":"https://www.theguardian.com/p/xvpffd","co":["gwilym-mumford"],"url":"/tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank"},"onwardWebSocket":"ws://api.nextgen.guardianapps.co.uk/recently-published","productionOffice":"Uk","shouldHideAdverts":false,"idApiUrl":"https://idapi.theguardian.com","pbIndexSites":[{"bp":"D","id":208210},{"bp":"M","id":213484},{"bp":"T","id":215419}],"googletagJsUrl":"//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js","calloutsUrl":"https://callouts.guardianapis.com/formstack-campaign/submit","isPreview":false,"dcrCouldRender":true},"libs":{"googletag":"//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"},"switches":{"externalVideoEmbeds":true,"abSignInGateMainVariant":true,"lightbox":true,"abGpidPrebidAdUnits":true,"prebidAppnexusUkRow":true,"prebidMagnite":true,"commercialMetrics":true,"prebidTrustx":true,"scAdFreeBanner":false,"adaptiveSite":true,"prebidPermutiveAudience":true,"compareVariantDecision":false,"enableSentryReporting":true,"lazyLoadContainers":true,"ampArticleSwitch":true,"remarketing":true,"articleEndSlot":true,"keyEventsCarousel":true,"registerWithPhone":false,"darkModeWeb":true,"targeting":true,"remoteHeader":true,"slotBodyEnd":true,"prebidImproveDigitalSkins":false,"ampPrebidOzone":true,"extendedMostPopularFronts":true,"emailInlineInFooter":true,"showNewPrivacyWordingOnEmailSignupEmbeds":true,"prebidAnalytics":true,"extendedMostPopular":true,"ampContentAbTesting":false,"prebidCriteo":true,"okta":true,"imrWorldwide":true,"acast":true,"twitterUwt":true,"prebidAppnexusInvcode":true,"ampPrebidPubmatic":true,"abUsaExpandableMarketingCard":true,"a9HeaderBidding":true,"prebidAppnexus":true,"abOnwardsContentArticle":false,"enableDiscussionSwitch":true,"prebidXaxis":true,"stickyVideos":true,"interactiveFullHeaderSwitch":true,"discussionAllPageSize":true,"prebidUserSync":true,"audioOnwardJourneySwitch":true,"brazeTaylorReport":false,"callouts":true,"sentinelLogger":true,"geoMostPopular":true,"weAreHiring":false,"relatedContent":true,"thirdPartyEmbedTracking":true,"prebidOzone":true,"ampLiveblogSwitch":true,"ampAmazon":true,"prebidAdYouLike":true,"mostViewedFronts":true,"optOutAdvertising":true,"abSignInGateMainControl":true,"googleSearch":true,"disableFrontContainerShowHide":true,"abOptOutFrequencyCap":true,"brazeSwitch":true,"prebidKargo":true,"consentManagement":true,"personaliseSignInGateAfterCheckout":true,"prebidSonobi":true,"idProfileNavigation":true,"confiantAdVerification":true,"discussionAllowAnonymousRecommendsSwitch":false,"absoluteServerTimes":false,"permutive":true,"comscore":true,"ampPrebidCriteo":true,"newsletterOnwards":false,"youtubeIma":true,"webFonts":true,"liveBlogTopSponsorship":true,"prebidImproveDigital":false,"abAdBlockAsk":false,"ophan":true,"crosswordSvgThumbnails":true,"prebidTriplelift":true,"weather":true,"prebidPubmatic":true,"serverShareCounts":false,"autoRefresh":true,"enhanceTweets":true,"prebidIndexExchange":true,"prebidOpenx":true,"prebidHeaderBidding":true,"idCookieRefresh":true,"discussionPageSize":true,"smartAppBanner":false,"abNewHeaderBiddingEndpoint":true,"historyTags":true,"brazeContentCards":true,"remoteBanner":true,"emailSignupRecaptcha":true,"prebidSmart":true,"shouldLoadGoogletag":true,"inizio":true,"europeBetaFront":true},"tests":{},"ophan":{"pageViewId":"","browserId":""}},"polyfilled":false,"adBlockers":{"onDetect":[]},"modules":{"sentry":{}}}; window.guardian.queue = []; // Queue for functions to be fired by polyfill.io callback </script> <script type="module"> window.guardian.mustardCut = true; </script> <script nomodule> // Browser fails mustard check window.guardian.mustardCut = false; </script> <script> // Noop monkey patch perf.mark and perf.measure if not supported if(window.performance !== undefined && window.performance.mark === undefined) { window.performance.mark = function(){}; window.performance.measure = function(){}; } </script> <script> // record the number of times the browser goes offline during a pageview window.guardian.offlineCount = 0; window.addEventListener('offline', function incrementOfflineCount () { window.guardian.offlineCount++ }); </script> <script> // this is a global that's called at the bottom of the pf.io response, // once the polyfills have run. This may be useful for debugging. // mainly to support browsers that don't support async=false or defer function guardianPolyfilled() { window.guardian.polyfilled = true; if (window.guardian.mustardCut === false) { window.guardian.queue.forEach(function(callback) { callback() }) } } // We've got contracts to abide by with the Ophan tracker // Setting pageViewId here ensures we're not getting race-conditions at all window.guardian.config.ophan = { // This is duplicated from // https://github.com/guardian/ophan/blob/master/tracker-js/assets/coffee/ophan/transmit.coffee // Please do not change this without talking to the Ophan project first. pageViewId: new Date().getTime().toString(36) + 'xxxxxxxxxxxx'.replace(/x/g, function() { return Math.floor(Math.random() * 36).toString(36); }), }; </script> <script> // Set the browserId from the bwid cookie on the ophan object created above // This will need to be replaced later with an async request to an endpoint (function (window, document) { function getCookieValue(name) { var nameEq = name + "=", cookies = document.cookie.split(';'), value = null; cookies.forEach(function (cookie) { while (cookie.charAt(0) === ' ') { cookie = cookie.substring(1, cookie.length); } if (cookie.indexOf(nameEq) === 0) { value = cookie.substring(nameEq.length, cookie.length); } }); return value; } window.guardian.config.ophan.browserId = getCookieValue("bwid"); })(window, document); </script> <script id="config" type="application/json"> {"renderingTarget":"Web","darkModeAvailable":false,"assetOrigin":"https://assets.guim.co.uk/","editionId":"INT"} </script> <script> window.curlConfig = { baseUrl: 'https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets', apiName: 'require' }; window.curl = window.curlConfig; </script> <noscript> <img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=6035250&cv=2.0&cj=1&cs_ucfr=0&comscorekw=Television%2CTim+Robbins%2CScience+fiction+TV%2CDrama%2CFilm%2CCulture%2CTelevision+%26+radio%2CFilm+industry" /> </noscript>  <script defer src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?rum=0&features=es6%2Ces7%2Ces2017%2Ces2018%2Ces2019%2Cdefault-3.6%2CHTMLPictureElement%2CIntersectionObserver%2CIntersectionObserverEntry%2CURLSearchParams%2Cfetch%2CNodeList.prototype.forEach%2Cnavigator.sendBeacon%2Cperformance.now%2CPromise.allSettled&flags=gated&callback=guardianPolyfilled&unknown=polyfill&cacheClear=1"></script> <script type="module" src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/frameworks.client.web.291ea3346dc06fa0cd3f.js"></script> <script type="module" src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/index.client.web.e172d6628d67123bb868.js"></script>  <script defer src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/javascripts/commercial/731721cfc687c081b651/graun.standalone.commercial.js"></script> <script defer nomodule src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/frameworks.client.web.legacy.291ea3346dc06fa0cd3f.js"></script> <script defer nomodule src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/index.client.web.legacy.39d51c59b2e8d9c421a9.js"></script> <style class="webfont">@font-face{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:300;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:300;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:300;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:300;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:500;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:500;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:500;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:500;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextEgyptian;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Regular.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Regular.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Regular.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Text Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Regular.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Regular.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Regular.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextEgyptian;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-RegularItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-RegularItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-RegularItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Text Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-RegularItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-RegularItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-RegularItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextEgyptian;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Bold.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Bold.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Text Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Bold.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Bold.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextEgyptian;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-BoldItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-BoldItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-BoldItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Text Egyptian Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-BoldItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-BoldItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-BoldItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextSans;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Regular.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Regular.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Regular.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Regular.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Regular.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Regular.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextSans;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-RegularItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-RegularItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-RegularItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-RegularItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-RegularItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-RegularItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextSans;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Bold.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Bold.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Bold.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Bold.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextSans;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-BoldItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-BoldItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-BoldItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Guardian Text Sans Web";src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-BoldItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-BoldItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/latin1-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-BoldItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}</style> <style> html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, dl, dt, dd, menu, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td, article, aside, canvas, details, embed, figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup, main, menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary, time, mark, audio, video { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; font-size: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; } /* HTML5 display-role reset for older browsers */ article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, main, menu, nav, section { display: block; } /* HTML5 hidden-attribute fix for newer browsers */ *[hidden] { display: none; } body { line-height: 1; } menu, ol, ul { list-style: none; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } *, *:before, *:after { box-sizing: border-box; } html { -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; /* always show the vertical scroll bar to stop the page * jumping about when navigating between pages where * one has content shorter than the viewport */ overflow-y: scroll; } html, body { text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; font-feature-settings: 'kern'; font-kerning: normal; /* Safari 7+, Firefox 24+, Chrome 33(?)+, Opera 21 */ font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; } body { background-color: #FFFFFF; color: #121212; } em { font-style: italic; } </style> <style data-emotion="dcr-global 0"></style><style data-emotion="dcr-global 1fsewh4">:root{--expandingWrapper--background:#F6F6F6;--expandingWrapper--border:#121212;--expandingWrapper--collapseBackground:#FFFFFF;--expandingWrapper--collapseBackgroundHover:#E5E5E5;--expandingWrapper--collapseText:#121212;--expandingWrapper--collapseTextHover:#121212;--expandingWrapper--text:#121212;--expandingWrapper--horizontalRules:#DCDCDC;--expandingWrapper--expandBackground:#121212;--expandingWrapper--expandBackgroundHover:#454545;--expandingWrapper--expandText:#FFFFFF;--tabs--background:#F6F6F6;--tabs--text:#121212;--tabs--border:#999999;--tabs--inactiveBackground:#DCDCDC;--accordion-background:#F6F6F6;--accordion-title:#121212;--accordion-title-row-background:#FFFFFF;--accordion-title-row-border-top:#DCDCDC;--accordion-title-row-fill:#707070;--ad-background:#F6F6F6;--ad-background-article-inner:#F6F6F6;--ad-border:#DCDCDC;--ad-labels-text:#707070;--ad-support-banner-background:#EDEDED;--ad-support-banner-button-background:#052962;--ad-support-banner-button-text:#FFFFFF;--ad-support-banner-text:#052962;--affiliate-disclaimer-background:#F6F6F6;--affiliate-disclaimer-background-hover:#EDEDED;--age-warning-background:#FFE500;--age-warning-text:#121212;--age-warning-wrapper-background:transparent;--apps-epic-background:#F6F6F6;--apps-epic-border:#FFE500;--apps-epic-text:#121212;--apps-footer-background:#F6F6F6;--apps-footer-links-text:#121212;--apps-footer-links-text-hover:#1A1A1A;--article-background:#FFFFFF;--article-border:#DCDCDC;--article-inner-background:transparent;--article-link-border:#DCDCDC;--article-link-border-hover:#866D50;--article-link-text:#866D50;--article-link-text-hover:#6B5840;--article-meta-lines:#DCDCDC;--article-section-background:#FFFFFF;--article-section-title:#000000;--article-text:#121212;--audio-atom-background:#F6F6F6;--audio-atom-border:#DCDCDC;--audio-atom-icons:#866D50;--audio-atom-kicker:#866D50;--audio-atom-progress-bar:#999999;--avatar-background:#EDEDED;--avatar-background-colour:#EACCA0;--block-quote-fill:#574835;--block-quote-link:#866D50;--block-quote-text:#121212;--branding-border:#DCDCDC;--branding-label-text:#333333;--branding-link-text:#866D50;--bullet-fill:#574835;--byline:#866D50;--byline-anchor:#121212;--byline-background:#FFE500;--byline-hover:#6B5840;--byline-underline:inherit;--callout-highlight-background:#FFE500;--callout-highlight-text:#121212;--callout-prompt:#0077B6;--callout-submit-background:#052962;--callout-submit-background-hover:#234B8A;--callout-submit-text:#FFFFFF;--caption-link:#866D50;--caption-overlay-text:#FFFFFF;--caption-photo-essay-main-media-text:#707070;--caption-text:#707070;--card-background:transparent;--card-background-hover:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.1);--card-border-supporting:#DCDCDC;--card-border-top:#BABABA;--card-footer-text:#707070;--card-headline:#121212;--card-kicker-text:#866D50;--card-sublinks-background:#F6F6F6;--card-trail-text:#545454;--carousel-active-dot:#866D50;--carousel-active-dot-hover:#866D50;--carousel-arrow:#FFFFFF;--carousel-arrow-background:#000000;--carousel-arrow-background-disabled:#707070;--carousel-arrow-background-hover:#FFE500;--carousel-border:#DCDCDC;--carousel-chevron:#121212;--carousel-chevron-border:#BABABA;--carousel-chevron-border-disabled:rgba(186, 186, 186, 0.32);--carousel-chevron-disabled:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.32);--carousel-chevron-hover:rgba(186, 186, 186, 0.2);--carousel-dot:#EDEDED;--carousel-dot-hover:#DCDCDC;--carousel-text:#121212;--carousel-title-highlight:#866D50;--click-to-view-background:#F6F6F6;--click-to-view-border:#DCDCDC;--click-to-view-button:#052962;--click-to-view-button-hover:#234B8A;--click-to-view-button-text:#FFFFFF;--code-block-background:#f5f2f0;--code-block-text-shadow:#FFFFFF;--comment-count-fill:#866D50;--comment-count-mobile-fill:#866D50;--comment-form-header-background:#F6F6F6;--comment-form-input-background:#FFFFFF;--cricket-scoreboard-border-top:#005689;--cricket-scoreboard-divider:#DCDCDC;--cricket-scoreboard-link-text:#005689;--dateline:#999999;--dateline-mobile:#707070;--design-tag-background:#6B5840;--design-tag-text:#FFFFFF;--discussion-accent-text:#866D50;--discussion-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-border:#DCDCDC;--discussion-button-background-hover:#866D50;--discussion-button-text:#FFFFFF;--discussion-comment-underline:#DCDCDC;--discussion-link:#0077B6;--discussion-loading-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-loading-shimmer:#DCDCDC;--discussion-pagination-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-pagination-border:#DCDCDC;--discussion-pagination-border-hover:#999999;--discussion-pagination-text:#707070;--discussion-pick-label-text:#121212;--discussion-pre-mod:#0077B6;--discussion-preview-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-primary-button-background:#6B5840;--discussion-report-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-report-border:#545454;--discussion-report-button:#052962;--discussion-report-error-text:#C70000;--discussion-report-label-text:#121212;--discussion-report-success-text:#22874D;--discussion-section-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-selected-background:#F6F6F6;--discussion-staff-label-text:#052962;--discussion-subdued:#707070;--discussion-text:#121212;--discussion-top-pick-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-top-pick-link:#0077B6;--drop-cap:#574835;--editorial-button-background:#6B5840;--editorial-button-background-hover:#866D50;--editorial-button-border-hover:#866D50;--editorial-button-text:#866D50;--email-signup-button-background:#000000;--email-signup-button-hover:#333333;--email-signup-button-text:#FFFFFF;--expandable-atom-background:#EDEDED;--expandable-atom-border:#DCDCDC;--expandable-atom-button:#000000;--expandable-atom-button-fill:#FFFFFF;--expandable-atom-text-hover:#866D50;--expandable-marketing-card-background:#052962;--expandable-marketing-card-button-background:#FFFFFF;--expandable-marketing-card-fill-background:#FFFFFF;--expandable-marketing-card-svg-background:#FFFFFF;--expandable-marketing-card-svg-fill:#000000;--explainer-atom-accent:#121212;--explainer-atom-background:#F6F6F6;--feature-card-footer-text:#DCDCDC;--feature-card-headline:#F6F6F6;--feature-card-kicker-text:#E7D4B9;--feature-card-trail-text:#DCDCDC;--filter-key-events-toggle-border-top:#DCDCDC;--follow-icon-background:#FFFFFF;--follow-icon-fill:#866D50;--follow-text:#121212;--front-container-background:#FFFFFF;--heading-line:#574835;--headline-background:#121212;--headline-blog-background:#FFFFFF;--headline-border:#DCDCDC;--headline-byline:#121212;--headline-colour:#F6F6F6;--headline-match-colour:#866D50;--highlights-card-headline:#121212;--highlights-card-kicker-text:#866D50;--highlights-container-background:#F6F6F6;--highlights-container-border:#999999;--highlights-container-end-fade:transparent;--highlights-container-mid-fade:rgba(250, 250, 250, 0.6);--highlights-container-start-fade:#F6F6F6;--image-title-background:#866D50;--interactive-atom-background:transparent;--interactive-block-background:#FFFFFF;--interactive-block-background-datawrapper:#FFFFFF;--interactive-contents-hover:#EDEDED;--key-event-background:#F6F6F6;--key-event-background-desktop:#EDEDED;--key-event-border:#707070;--key-event-bullet:#707070;--key-event-bullet-hover:#000000;--key-event-button:#121212;--key-event-button-fill:#FFFFFF;--key-event-button-hover:#FFD900;--key-event-text:#6B5840;--key-event-title:#121212;--kicker-background-live:#866D50;--kicker-pulsing-dot-live:rgba(246, 246, 246, 0.75);--kicker-text-live:#F6F6F6;--last-updated-text:#000000;--latest-links-dotted-line:#999999;--lightbox-divider:#866D50;--link-kicker-text:#866D50;--live-block-border-bottom:#DCDCDC;--live-block-border-top:#866D50;--live-block-container-background:#FFFFFF;--masthead-accreditation-text:#FFE500;--masthead-nav-background:#052962;--masthead-nav-border:#506991;--masthead-nav-lines:#506991;--masthead-nav-link-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-nav-link-text-hover:#FFE500;--masthead-top-bar-background:#041F4A;--masthead-top-bar-link-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-top-bar-text:#FFFFFF;--masthead-top-bar-vertical-divider:#506991;--masthead-veggie-burger-background:#FFE500;--masthead-veggie-burger-background-hover:#FFD900;--masthead-veggie-burger-icon:#052962;--match-nav-background:#FFE500;--match-nav-text:#121212;--match-stats-background:#d9edf6;--match-tab-border:#DCDCDC;--match-tab-border-active:#005689;--mini-profiles-text-subdued:#707070;--most-viewed-description:#707070;--most-viewed-footer-hover:#F6F6F6;--most-viewed-headline:#121212;--most-viewed-tab-border:#6B5840;--nav-reader-revenue-link-text:#FFE500;--nav-search-bar-background:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);--nav-search-bar-icon:#FFFFFF;--nav-search-bar-text:#FFFFFF;--numbered-list-heading:#121212;--numbered-list-links:#866D50;--numbered-list-number:#707070;--numbered-list-title:#866D50;--pagination-text:#6B5840;--pinned-post-background:#FFFFFF;--pinned-post-border:#6B5840;--podcast-meta-button-background:#333333;--podcast-meta-button-background-hover:#1A1A1A;--podcast-meta-button-text:#DCDCDC;--podcast-meta-title:#F6F6F6;--privacy-text-regular:#121212;--privacy-text-supporting:#000000;--privacy-text-supporting-subdued:#707070;--pullquote-background:#FFFFFF;--pullquote-border:#DCDCDC;--pullquote-icon:#574835;--pullquote-text:#574835;--quiz-atom-answers-background:#F6F6F6;--quiz-atom-answers-hover:#DCDCDC;--quiz-atom-check-mark:#000000;--quiz-atom-incorrect-answer-background:#C70000;--quote-icon-fill:#866D50;--recaptcha-border:#121212;--recaptcha-button:#000000;--recaptcha-button-hover:#333333;--recaptcha-button-text:#FFFFFF;--recommendation-count:#F6F6F6;--recommendation-count-arrow:#707070;--recommendation-count-arrow-selected:#FFFFFF;--recommendation-count-selected:#052962;--rich-link-background:#F6F6F6;--rich-link-background-hover:#EDEDED;--rich-link-border:#866D50;--rich-link-branding-text:#707070;--rich-link-fill:#866D50;--rich-link-header:#000000;--rich-link-text:#866D50;--section-background:transparent;--section-background-left:transparent;--section-border:#DCDCDC;--section-date:#C70000;--section-description:#707070;--section-title-background:transparent;--section-toggle-button:#707070;--section-toggle-button-hover:#121212;--series-title-background:transparent;--series-title-match-text:#866D50;--series-title-text:#866D50;--share-button:#866D50;--share-button-border:#DCDCDC;--share-button-copied:#121212;--share-button-hover:#FFFFFF;--share-button-liveblog-mobile-meta:#574835;--share-button-xsmall-border:#DCDCDC;--sign-in-link:#6B5840;--sign-in-link-underline:#DCDCDC;--slideshow-caption:#FFFFFF;--slideshow-pagination-dot:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.2);--slideshow-pagination-dot-active:#121212;--staff-contributor-badge:#052962;--staff-contributor-badge-text:#FFFFFF;--staff-pick-badge:#121212;--staff-pick-badge-text:#FFFFFF;--standfirst-background:#FFFFFF;--standfirst-border:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-bullet:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-link-border:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-link-text:#6B5840;--standfirst-text:#000000;--star-rating-background:#FFE500;--star-rating-fill:#121212;--straight-lines:#DCDCDC;--stuck-background:#FFFFFF;--sub-meta-background:#FFFFFF;--sub-meta-label-text:#707070;--sub-meta-text:#866D50;--sub-meta-text-hover:#FFFFFF;--sub-nav-border:#866D50;--sub-nav-link-footer:#121212;--sub-nav-link-header:#121212;--sub-nav-link-hover:#6B5840;--sub-nav-more:#999999;--subheading-text:#574835;--summary-event-bullet:#866D50;--summary-event-bullet-hover:#574835;--syndication-button-border:#DCDCDC;--syndication-button-hover:#DCDCDC;--syndication-button-text:#707070;--table-of-contents:#121212;--table-of-contents-border:#DCDCDC;--tabs-input:#FFFFFF;--tag-page-chevron:#000000;--textblock-text:inherit;--timeline-atom-bullet:#121212;--timeline-atom-highlight-text:#000000;--timeline-atom-highlight-text-background:#FFE500;--timeline-bullet:#574835;--timeline-event-border:#DCDCDC;--treat-background:#000000;--treat-text:#F6F6F6;--trending-topics-background:#FFFFFF;--trending-topics-separator:#DCDCDC;--trending-topics-text:#333333;--weather-icon:#F6F6F6;--witness-title-author:#866D50;--witness-title-icon:#866D50;--witness-title-text:#866D50;--youtube-overlay-kicker:#EACCA0;-webkit-print-color-scheme:light;color-scheme:light;}:root body{color:#121212;}*:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) *:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #0077B6;}::selection{background:#FFE500;color:#121212;}.ad-slot[data-label-show='true']::before{content:attr(ad-label-text);display:block;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:var(--ad-background);padding-top:3px;border-top:1px solid var(--ad-border);color:var(--ad-labels-text);text-align:center;box-sizing:border-box;}.ad-slot__adtest-cookie-clear-link{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-align:left;position:absolute;left:268px;top:1px;z-index:10;padding:0;border:0;}.ad-slot{text-align:center;}.ad-slot .ad-slot__content{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}@media print{.ad-slot{display:none!important;}}.ad-slot.ad-slot--collapse{display:none;}.ad-slot.ad-slot--fluid{min-height:250px;padding:0;margin:0;overflow:visible;width:100%;}.ad-slot-container{max-width:100vw;position:relative;}</style><style data-emotion="dcr-global 16yb6of">html.lightbox-open #gu-lightbox{position:fixed;z-index:34;}html.lightbox-open body{background-color:#1A1A1A;}</style><style data-emotion="dcr-global 1uvnolp">.bz-custom-container~#bannerandheader .top-banner-ad-container{display:none;}</style><style data-emotion="dcr-global 19rs85u">@media (max-width: 979.9px){.nav-is-open{overflow:hidden;height:100vh;}}</style><style data-emotion="dcr-global animation-yk1vcf">@-webkit-keyframes animation-yk1vcf{0%{-webkit-background-position:-1500px 0;background-position:-1500px 0;}100%{-webkit-background-position:1500px 0;background-position:1500px 0;}}@keyframes animation-yk1vcf{0%{-webkit-background-position:-1500px 0;background-position:-1500px 0;}100%{-webkit-background-position:1500px 0;background-position:1500px 0;}}</style><style data-emotion="dcr 1gpubb 1e4oyvk os2q47 h4unms 1v07sbc ybr5tf n4pnam 9ww4qd 8mhfnx tviv3x pnu31o 1c9urh0 43tvi7 1jicgf3 1xdhyk6 1s8spa1 1u9kji9 iim5od mqepgd vdr14u 5k6jfi kohrs2 145list 1vetsv0 1cvta4k vxblrw 3ny4gi 1jzii9a 1p6sy7j 1kbi9ft 1crstso 1lusb1s 64xqd0 i0vtpq 1apgfiu zramh4 1p0hins 1acea34 1p1neil 1d6g26q 1grikph 7612kl ks441s 1iufw7r 1kcody2 1hrapdy 1xv1515 b3mn8w 1nvgr5i li5n90 1ef3v4m 14vdg2 1srap2j 10y96fo 6sl420 lpsfc3 o6rk0u 11vt4tq 9ra8aa 1julzi7 4hq641 1tnoaxa p0c3jt v7ibvm 1j2dgzz 10b2o1s wp8bgr 16q8bto x5fwww 1yytfii 6zq80y yq9plo 1utnfys 90inr0 1jjnk9d 6v110l qcy5wo radnun 1gsboxi 1q09wwq e1bf28 1rg7stg 3ae42h 1mtufo3 a1su5g 1rinrec iwod0p nnfu1a e3rvah mu6xev 12t3ay9 5wkng0 15o3dy0 3qh43d 1ikn05z wqti5a 1fw0voq 1fnjjtg 1j5hrwi hlfdy3 142siv7 1t8m8f2 evn1e9 v822l1 gup2gr zy1nbx 1xgwz8b 1ie0kc7 1inf02i 1qvd3m6 13fd1ms 4tmywn 194i6pr 1fujct4 10355cg 1v9xu6e qmfkju upmzd8 14qe9do 14emo0l 2xdylj 13fq93x 47lvke epjkf7 wfjs2f 191bsoy 16on7cv 1rjfcod w09sr0 ich95x 194w08h bjqdol 1v9sla6 5oiine 1kpcv08 1r4u1x3 1gesx20 1yduq3m 1pexjb9 9dgpdq 16lnb0w bao4ku 1csot3r 14baf59 fu29fd 1lhv23l 1upb05m 1iz7gbk 1a4fred 1bwys2b 1q6n3e0 106f06m 15rw6c2 173mewl 13aa88h 1wp93rs nyoej5 scql1j zzndwp jzxpee av5vqf 10et71f 1sbse14 9ypm66 ibdtyj 1hwoqtr tx2qx 1xjndtj kfi215 1qn103b dpem99 zll6x8 1eusqlu 1rjy2q9 1eyan6r 5h0uf4 1pvqcrw 65xb9q fckw05 1slmqmw 1jl528t 1yfsxuc ncdwh2 1gwziyt nu129i zhx6xs 14rjinq 10el5c8 jwg3xc 1hko8ef 1e3xwa3 7caenu 1jakjiw 1ykr3rf 17n294h ivr0sq 1ntgn2k 1vf50t ri3hap p0nyl2 u8qikl 1gx3men yg4zrc k1vhee 1atljbz dah9rt fossqd f68shw 1giivcq ddf1wi 6m88po 5mqa0r 1pt7toy j5zpwt 1qjcfie 1q1v1nj a4rp9m 1gt8egs lgyw9b 1b5y2ep bnuca0 1hmrwdw 1ris6nf 1xyi04h 1wf840d u54heg 1ms2xl4 4coeh 1v06yj3 1xnlu54 1bljy3y 6ottnt 18yycfp 13lm9u3 1slcfay 1wna1tt bqcudp">.dcr-1gpubb{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:40px;top:-40px;line-height:30px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;background:#FFFFFF;display:block;text-align:center;margin:0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#000000;}.dcr-1gpubb:focus,.dcr-1gpubb:active{border:5px solid #0077B6;position:static;}.dcr-1gpubb:visited,.dcr-1gpubb:active{color:#000000;}.dcr-1e4oyvk{width:100%;height:100%;background-color:#1A1A1A;}.dcr-1e4oyvk.hide-info aside{display:none;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-1e4oyvk.hide-info nav{visibility:hidden;}}.dcr-1e4oyvk button.active{background-color:#707070;}.dcr-1e4oyvk button.reveal{visibility:visible;}.dcr-os2q47{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:100%;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-os2q47{-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}}.dcr-h4unms{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;color:white;background-color:#121212;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-h4unms{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;position:absolute;z-index:1;width:100%;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-h4unms{padding-top:4px;padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px;height:100vh;}}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-h4unms{border-bottom:1px solid #333333;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-h4unms{border-left:1px solid #333333;}}.dcr-1v07sbc{margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;border-radius:50%;height:44px;width:44px;border:none;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.2s;transition:background-color 0.2s;background-color:#333333;}.dcr-1v07sbc svg{fill:#FFFFFF;margin-top:3px;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-1v07sbc{margin-left:8px;}}.dcr-1v07sbc:hover{background-color:#707070;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-1v07sbc{position:absolute;right:8px;}}.dcr-1v07sbc svg{height:24px;width:24px;}.dcr-ybr5tf{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-n4pnam{display:none;}}.dcr-9ww4qd{display:block;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:#DCDCDC;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-9ww4qd{text-align:center;padding-top:2.25rem;margin-bottom:4px;}}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-9ww4qd{margin-bottom:8px;}}.dcr-8mhfnx{margin-left:1px;margin-right:1px;}.dcr-tviv3x{color:#F6F6F6;}.dcr-pnu31o{margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;border-radius:50%;height:44px;width:44px;border:none;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.2s;transition:background-color 0.2s;background-color:#333333;-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;}.dcr-pnu31o svg{fill:#FFFFFF;margin-top:3px;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-pnu31o{margin-left:8px;}}.dcr-pnu31o:hover{background-color:#707070;}.dcr-pnu31o svg{height:24px;width:24px;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-pnu31o svg{height:32px;width:32px;}}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-pnu31o{-webkit-order:2;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;}}.dcr-1c9urh0{margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;border-radius:50%;height:44px;width:44px;border:none;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.2s;transition:background-color 0.2s;background-color:#333333;-webkit-order:2;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;}.dcr-1c9urh0 svg{fill:#FFFFFF;margin-top:3px;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-1c9urh0{margin-left:8px;}}.dcr-1c9urh0:hover{background-color:#707070;}.dcr-1c9urh0 svg{height:24px;width:24px;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1c9urh0 svg{height:32px;width:32px;}}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-1c9urh0{-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;}}.dcr-43tvi7{margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;border-radius:50%;height:44px;width:44px;border:none;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.2s;transition:background-color 0.2s;background-color:#333333;-webkit-order:3;-ms-flex-order:3;order:3;}.dcr-43tvi7 svg{fill:#FFFFFF;margin-top:3px;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-43tvi7{margin-left:8px;}}.dcr-43tvi7:hover{background-color:#707070;}.dcr-43tvi7 svg{height:24px;width:24px;}.dcr-1jicgf3{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:0;z-index:21;background-color:var(--stuck-background);}.dcr-1u9kji9{position:static;}.dcr-iim5od{z-index:1080;width:100%;background-color:var(--ad-background);min-height:133px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ad-border);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:0;}.dcr-mqepgd{min-height:90px;min-width:728px;}.dcr-vdr14u{padding-bottom:18px;position:relative;margin:0 auto;text-align:left;display:block;}.dcr-5k6jfi{display:grid;grid-auto-rows:auto;grid-template-columns:[viewport-start] 0 [content-start main-column-start] repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)) [content-end main-column-end] 0 [viewport-end];-webkit-column-gap:10px;column-gap:10px;}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-5k6jfi{-webkit-column-gap:20px;column-gap:20px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-5k6jfi{grid-template-columns:[viewport-start] minmax(0, 1fr) [content-start main-column-start] repeat(12, 40px) [content-end main-column-end] minmax(0, 1fr) [viewport-end];}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-5k6jfi{grid-template-columns:[viewport-start] minmax(0, 1fr) [content-start main-column-start] repeat(12, 60px) [content-end main-column-end] minmax(0, 1fr) [viewport-end];}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-5k6jfi{grid-template-columns:[viewport-start] minmax(0, 1fr) [content-start left-column-start] repeat(2, 60px) [left-column-end main-column-start] repeat(12, 60px) [content-end main-column-end] minmax(0, 1fr) [viewport-end];}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-5k6jfi{grid-template-columns:[viewport-start] minmax(0, 1fr) [content-start left-column-start] repeat(3, 60px) [left-column-end main-column-start] repeat(12, 60px) [main-column-end] repeat(1, 60px) [content-end] minmax(0, 1fr) [viewport-end];}}.dcr-kohrs2{grid-column:content-start/main-column-end;background-color:var(--masthead-top-bar-background);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;height:52px;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-kohrs2{height:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-kohrs2{height:64px;}}.dcr-145list{height:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-right:auto;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}@media (max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-1vetsv0{display:none;}}.dcr-1cvta4k{height:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1cvta4k:before{content:'';border-left:1px solid var(--masthead-top-bar-vertical-divider);height:38px;}}.dcr-vxblrw{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:var(--masthead-top-bar-link-text);-webkit-transition:color 80ms ease-out;transition:color 80ms ease-out;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:4px;}.dcr-vxblrw:hover,.dcr-vxblrw:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-vxblrw svg{fill:currentColor;float:left;height:18px;width:18px;margin:0 4px 0 0;}.dcr-3ny4gi{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:relative;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:var(--masthead-top-bar-link-text);-webkit-transition:color 80ms ease-out;transition:color 80ms ease-out;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:4px 0 4px 4px;z-index:19;}.dcr-3ny4gi:hover,.dcr-3ny4gi:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-3ny4gi svg{fill:currentColor;float:left;height:18px;width:18px;margin:0 4px 0 0;}.dcr-1jzii9a{grid-column:main-column-start/main-column-end;grid-row:1;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-1jzii9a{justify-self:end;}}.dcr-1p6sy7j{z-index:18;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:relative;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;margin-top:4px;}.dcr-1p6sy7j ul{position:absolute;left:0;right:unset;max-height:unset;min-width:200px;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-1p6sy7j ul{left:unset;right:0;}}.dcr-1kbi9ft #checkbox-id-masthead-edition{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);}.dcr-1kbi9ft #dropbox-id-masthead-edition{display:none;}.dcr-1kbi9ft #checkbox-id-masthead-edition:checked+#dropbox-id-masthead-edition{display:block;}.dcr-1crstso{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;display:block;cursor:pointer;background:none;border:none;line-height:1.2;color:#FFFFFF;-webkit-transition:color 80ms ease-out;transition:color 80ms ease-out;padding:0px 10px 6px 5px;margin:1px 0 0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;position:relative;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);padding:6px 0 0 0;margin-top:4px;}.dcr-1crstso:hover{color:#FFE500;}.dcr-1crstso:hover:after{-webkit-transform:translateY(0) rotate(45deg);-moz-transform:translateY(0) rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:translateY(0) rotate(45deg);transform:translateY(0) rotate(45deg);}.dcr-1crstso:after{content:'';display:inline-block;width:5px;height:5px;-webkit-transform:translateY(-2px) rotate(45deg);-moz-transform:translateY(-2px) rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:translateY(-2px) rotate(45deg);transform:translateY(-2px) rotate(45deg);border:1px solid currentColor;border-left:transparent;border-top:transparent;margin-left:5px;vertical-align:middle;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 250ms ease-out;transition:transform 250ms ease-out;}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1crstso{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}}.dcr-1crstso:not(ul):hover{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-1lusb1s{z-index:29;list-style:none;background-color:white;padding:6px 0;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);padding:6px 0 0 0;margin-top:4px;}.dcr-1lusb1s li::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-1lusb1s{position:fixed;border-radius:0;top:32px;left:0;right:0;width:auto;max-height:calc(100% - 50px);overflow:auto;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1lusb1s{position:absolute;top:100%;width:200px;border-radius:3px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1lusb1s{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}}.dcr-1lusb1s:not(ul):hover{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-64xqd0{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:#121212;-webkit-transition:color 80ms ease-out;transition:color 80ms ease-out;margin:-1px 0 0 0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;padding:10px 18px 15px 30px;font-weight:bold;}.dcr-64xqd0:hover{background-color:#EDEDED;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.dcr-64xqd0:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-64xqd0:before{content:'';border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;display:block;position:absolute;top:0px;left:30px;right:0px;}.dcr-64xqd0:after{content:'';border:2px solid #C70000;border-top:0px;border-right:0px;position:absolute;top:19px;left:12px;width:10px;height:4px;-webkit-transform:rotate(-45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(-45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(-45deg);transform:rotate(-45deg);}.dcr-64xqd0:before{content:none;}.dcr-i0vtpq{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:#121212;-webkit-transition:color 80ms ease-out;transition:color 80ms ease-out;margin:-1px 0 0 0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;padding:10px 18px 15px 30px;}.dcr-i0vtpq:hover{background-color:#EDEDED;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.dcr-i0vtpq:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-i0vtpq:before{content:'';border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;display:block;position:absolute;top:0px;left:30px;right:0px;}.dcr-1apgfiu{grid-column:main-column-start/main-column-end;grid-row:1;position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;justify-self:end;-webkit-align-self:end;-ms-flex-item-align:end;align-self:end;margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:6px;right:52px;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-1apgfiu{right:0;}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1apgfiu{margin-bottom:8px;}}.dcr-1apgfiu svg{width:152px;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-1apgfiu svg{width:207px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1apgfiu svg{width:252px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1apgfiu svg{width:291px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1apgfiu svg{width:324px;}}.dcr-zramh4{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);}.dcr-1p0hins{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);}.dcr-1acea34{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);}.dcr-1p1neil{grid-column:content-start/content-end;grid-row:2;-webkit-align-self:end;-ms-flex-item-align:end;align-self:end;font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;margin-top:8px;pointer-events:none;position:relative;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1p1neil{grid-row:1/2;}.dcr-1p1neil li:last-of-type:after{content:'';border-left:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;height:calc(100% - 4px);margin-top:4px;}}.dcr-1p1neil::after{content:'';position:absolute;border-bottom:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);bottom:0;right:-10px;left:-10px;}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1p1neil::after{left:-20px;right:-20px;}}.dcr-1d6g26q{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;pointer-events:auto;}.dcr-1grikph{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:28px;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;list-style:none;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-1grikph{height:34px;}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1grikph{height:37px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1grikph{width:108px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1grikph{height:40px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1grikph{height:52px;width:125px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1grikph{width:136px;}}.dcr-1grikph::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}.dcr-1grikph:after{content:'';border-left:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;height:calc(100% - 4px);margin-top:4px;}.dcr-1grikph a{padding-left:0;}.dcr-1grikph a:after{width:calc(100% - 1px);margin-left:0;}.dcr-7612kl{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:var(--masthead-nav-background);color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;padding-left:6px;padding-right:4px;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-7612kl{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;font-size:0.9375rem;padding-right:8px;}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-7612kl{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-7612kl{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;}}.dcr-7612kl:focus:after{-webkit-transform:translateY(-5px);-moz-transform:translateY(-5px);-ms-transform:translateY(-5px);transform:translateY(-5px);}.dcr-7612kl:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.dcr-7612kl:hover:after{-webkit-transform:translateY(-5px);-moz-transform:translateY(-5px);-ms-transform:translateY(-5px);transform:translateY(-5px);}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-7612kl{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;}}.dcr-7612kl:after{height:5px;background-color:var(--pillar-underline);content:'';display:block;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;width:calc(100% - 6px - 1px);margin-left:6px;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:transform 0.3s ease-in-out;margin-bottom:-5px;}.dcr-ks441s{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:28px;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;list-style:none;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-ks441s{height:34px;}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-ks441s{height:37px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-ks441s{width:108px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-ks441s{height:40px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-ks441s{height:52px;width:125px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-ks441s{width:136px;}}.dcr-ks441s::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}.dcr-ks441s:after{content:'';border-left:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;height:calc(100% - 4px);margin-top:4px;}.dcr-1iufw7r{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:var(--masthead-nav-background);color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;padding-left:6px;padding-right:4px;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-1iufw7r{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;font-size:0.9375rem;padding-right:8px;}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1iufw7r{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1iufw7r{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;}}.dcr-1iufw7r:focus:after{-webkit-transform:translateY(-5px);-moz-transform:translateY(-5px);-ms-transform:translateY(-5px);transform:translateY(-5px);}.dcr-1iufw7r:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.dcr-1iufw7r:hover:after{-webkit-transform:translateY(-5px);-moz-transform:translateY(-5px);-ms-transform:translateY(-5px);transform:translateY(-5px);}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1iufw7r{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;}}.dcr-1iufw7r:after{height:5px;background-color:var(--pillar-underline);content:'';display:block;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;width:calc(100% - 6px - 1px);margin-left:6px;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:transform 0.3s ease-in-out;margin-bottom:-5px;}.dcr-1iufw7r:after{-webkit-transform:translateY(-5px);-moz-transform:translateY(-5px);-ms-transform:translateY(-5px);transform:translateY(-5px);}.dcr-1iufw7r:focus:after{-webkit-transform:translateY(-5px);-moz-transform:translateY(-5px);-ms-transform:translateY(-5px);transform:translateY(-5px);}.dcr-1iufw7r:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.dcr-1iufw7r:hover:after{-webkit-transform:translateY(-5px);-moz-transform:translateY(-5px);-ms-transform:translateY(-5px);transform:translateY(-5px);}.dcr-1kcody2{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:28px;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;list-style:none;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-1kcody2{height:34px;}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1kcody2{height:37px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1kcody2{width:108px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1kcody2{height:40px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1kcody2{height:52px;width:125px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1kcody2{width:136px;}}.dcr-1kcody2::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}.dcr-1hrapdy{grid-column:content-start/content-end;grid-row:1;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;justify-self:end;position:relative;bottom:2px;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-1hrapdy{grid-row:1/3;-webkit-align-self:end;-ms-flex-item-align:end;align-self:end;}}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-1hrapdy{bottom:4px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1hrapdy{right:354px;bottom:6px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1hrapdy{right:430px;bottom:14px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1hrapdy{right:534px;}}.dcr-1xv1515{position:relative;z-index:1;}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#header-nav-input-checkbox:checked~div .dcr-1xv1515{z-index:27;}}.dcr-b3mn8w{cursor:pointer;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;width:40px;height:40px;border-radius:50%;background-color:var(--masthead-veggie-burger-background);}.dcr-b3mn8w:hover{background-color:var(--masthead-veggie-burger-background-hover);}.dcr-b3mn8w:focus{outline:none;}#header-nav-input-checkbox:checked~div .dcr-b3mn8w{display:none;}.dcr-1nvgr5i{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);}.dcr-li5n90{cursor:pointer;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;width:40px;height:40px;border-radius:50%;background-color:var(--masthead-veggie-burger-background);}.dcr-li5n90:hover{background-color:var(--masthead-veggie-burger-background-hover);}.dcr-li5n90:focus{outline:none;}#header-nav-input-checkbox:not(:checked)~div .dcr-li5n90{display:none;}.dcr-1ef3v4m{grid-column:content-start/content-end;grid-row:2;margin-top:-1px;}.dcr-14vdg2{z-index:26;left:0;top:0;}@media (max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-14vdg2{-webkit-transform:translateX(-110%);-moz-transform:translateX(-110%);-ms-transform:translateX(-110%);transform:translateX(-110%);-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.23, 1, 0.32, 1);transition:transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.23, 1, 0.32, 1);bottom:0;height:100%;overflow:auto;position:fixed;right:0;will-change:transform;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-14vdg2{display:none;}}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#header-nav-input-checkbox:checked~div .dcr-14vdg2{-webkit-transform:translateX(0%);-moz-transform:translateX(0%);-ms-transform:translateX(0%);transform:translateX(0%);}}@media (min-width: 980px){#header-nav-input-checkbox:checked~div .dcr-14vdg2{display:block;overflow:visible;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1srap2j{position:relative;}}.dcr-10y96fo{background-color:var(--masthead-nav-background);font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;z-index:25;left:0;top:0;box-sizing:border-box;position:absolute;margin-right:28px;box-shadow:28px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-10y96fo{margin-right:40px;box-shadow:40px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-10y96fo{margin-right:100px;box-shadow:100px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-10y96fo{box-shadow:none;position:absolute;padding-bottom:0;padding-top:0;top:0;left:0;right:0;width:100%;}@supports (width: 100vw){.dcr-10y96fo{left:50%;right:50%;width:100vw;margin-left:-50vw;margin-right:-50vw;}}}.dcr-6sl420{box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-6sl420{max-width:980px;padding:0 20px;position:relative;margin:0 auto;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;border-right:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);border-top:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);}.dcr-6sl420:first-of-type{border-left:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-6sl420{max-width:1140px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-6sl420{max-width:1300px;}}.dcr-lpsfc3{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;list-style:none;margin:0;padding-bottom:10px;position:relative;}.dcr-lpsfc3::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-lpsfc3{width:108px;float:left;position:relative;border-left:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);}.dcr-lpsfc3:first-of-type{border-left:none;width:calc(108px - 2px);}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-lpsfc3{width:125px;}.dcr-lpsfc3:first-of-type{width:calc(125px - 2px);}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-lpsfc3{width:136px;}.dcr-lpsfc3:first-of-type{width:calc(136px - 2px);}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-lpsfc3:before{content:'';display:block;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;width:1px;background-color:var(--masthead-nav-lines);}}.dcr-o6rk0u{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;position:relative;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;outline:none;cursor:pointer;width:100%;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;display:block;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;text-transform:capitalize;}.dcr-o6rk0u >*{pointer-events:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-o6rk0u{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-o6rk0u{padding:6px 0;}}.dcr-o6rk0u:hover,.dcr-o6rk0u:focus{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}.dcr-o6rk0u:before{margin-top:4px;left:24px;position:absolute;border:2px solid currentColor;border-top:0;border-left:0;content:'';display:inline-block;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);height:10px;width:10px;}#News-checkbox-input:checked~.dcr-o6rk0u:before{margin-top:8px;-webkit-transform:rotate(-135deg);-moz-transform:rotate(-135deg);-ms-transform:rotate(-135deg);transform:rotate(-135deg);}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-o6rk0u{display:none;}}.dcr-11vt4tq{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0 0 12px;position:relative;}.dcr-11vt4tq::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-11vt4tq{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;height:100%;width:100%;padding:0 8px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-11vt4tq{padding-left:0;}}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-11vt4tq{background:var(--masthead-nav-background);}}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-11vt4tq{background:var(--masthead-nav-background);}}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#News-checkbox-input:not(:checked)~.dcr-11vt4tq{display:none;}}.dcr-9ra8aa{box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-9ra8aa{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-list-item;display:-ms-list-itembox;display:list-item;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-9ra8aa{display:none;}}.dcr-1julzi7{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;position:relative;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;outline:none;cursor:pointer;width:100%;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;}.dcr-1julzi7 >*{pointer-events:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1julzi7{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1julzi7{padding:6px 0;}}.dcr-1julzi7:hover,.dcr-1julzi7:focus{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}.dcr-1julzi7:hover,.dcr-1julzi7:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-4hq641{box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-4hq641{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-list-item;display:-ms-list-itembox;display:list-item;}}.dcr-1tnoaxa{background-color:var(--masthead-nav-border);content:'';display:block;height:1px;margin-left:50px;right:0;}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#News-checkbox-input:checked~.dcr-1tnoaxa{display:none;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1tnoaxa{display:none;}}.dcr-p0c3jt{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;position:relative;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;outline:none;cursor:pointer;width:100%;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;display:block;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;text-transform:capitalize;}.dcr-p0c3jt >*{pointer-events:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-p0c3jt{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-p0c3jt{padding:6px 0;}}.dcr-p0c3jt:hover,.dcr-p0c3jt:focus{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}.dcr-p0c3jt:before{margin-top:4px;left:24px;position:absolute;border:2px solid currentColor;border-top:0;border-left:0;content:'';display:inline-block;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);height:10px;width:10px;}#Opinion-checkbox-input:checked~.dcr-p0c3jt:before{margin-top:8px;-webkit-transform:rotate(-135deg);-moz-transform:rotate(-135deg);-ms-transform:rotate(-135deg);transform:rotate(-135deg);}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-p0c3jt{display:none;}}.dcr-v7ibvm{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0 0 12px;position:relative;}.dcr-v7ibvm::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-v7ibvm{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;height:100%;width:100%;padding:0 8px;}}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-v7ibvm{background:var(--masthead-nav-background);}}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#Opinion-checkbox-input:not(:checked)~.dcr-v7ibvm{display:none;}}.dcr-1j2dgzz{background-color:var(--masthead-nav-border);content:'';display:block;height:1px;margin-left:50px;right:0;}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#Opinion-checkbox-input:checked~.dcr-1j2dgzz{display:none;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1j2dgzz{display:none;}}.dcr-10b2o1s{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;position:relative;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;outline:none;cursor:pointer;width:100%;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;display:block;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;text-transform:capitalize;}.dcr-10b2o1s >*{pointer-events:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-10b2o1s{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-10b2o1s{padding:6px 0;}}.dcr-10b2o1s:hover,.dcr-10b2o1s:focus{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}.dcr-10b2o1s:before{margin-top:4px;left:24px;position:absolute;border:2px solid currentColor;border-top:0;border-left:0;content:'';display:inline-block;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);height:10px;width:10px;}#Sport-checkbox-input:checked~.dcr-10b2o1s:before{margin-top:8px;-webkit-transform:rotate(-135deg);-moz-transform:rotate(-135deg);-ms-transform:rotate(-135deg);transform:rotate(-135deg);}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-10b2o1s{display:none;}}.dcr-wp8bgr{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0 0 12px;position:relative;}.dcr-wp8bgr::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-wp8bgr{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;height:100%;width:100%;padding:0 8px;}}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-wp8bgr{background:var(--masthead-nav-background);}}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#Sport-checkbox-input:not(:checked)~.dcr-wp8bgr{display:none;}}.dcr-16q8bto{background-color:var(--masthead-nav-border);content:'';display:block;height:1px;margin-left:50px;right:0;}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#Sport-checkbox-input:checked~.dcr-16q8bto{display:none;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-16q8bto{display:none;}}.dcr-x5fwww{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;position:relative;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;outline:none;cursor:pointer;width:100%;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;display:block;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;text-transform:capitalize;}.dcr-x5fwww >*{pointer-events:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-x5fwww{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-x5fwww{padding:6px 0;}}.dcr-x5fwww:hover,.dcr-x5fwww:focus{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}.dcr-x5fwww:before{margin-top:4px;left:24px;position:absolute;border:2px solid currentColor;border-top:0;border-left:0;content:'';display:inline-block;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);height:10px;width:10px;}#Culture-checkbox-input:checked~.dcr-x5fwww:before{margin-top:8px;-webkit-transform:rotate(-135deg);-moz-transform:rotate(-135deg);-ms-transform:rotate(-135deg);transform:rotate(-135deg);}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-x5fwww{display:none;}}.dcr-1yytfii{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0 0 12px;position:relative;}.dcr-1yytfii::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1yytfii{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;height:100%;width:100%;padding:0 8px;}}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-1yytfii{background:var(--masthead-nav-background);}}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#Culture-checkbox-input:not(:checked)~.dcr-1yytfii{display:none;}}.dcr-6zq80y{background-color:var(--masthead-nav-border);content:'';display:block;height:1px;margin-left:50px;right:0;}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#Culture-checkbox-input:checked~.dcr-6zq80y{display:none;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-6zq80y{display:none;}}.dcr-yq9plo{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;position:relative;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;outline:none;cursor:pointer;width:100%;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;display:block;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;text-transform:capitalize;}.dcr-yq9plo >*{pointer-events:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-yq9plo{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-yq9plo{padding:6px 0;}}.dcr-yq9plo:hover,.dcr-yq9plo:focus{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}.dcr-yq9plo:before{margin-top:4px;left:24px;position:absolute;border:2px solid currentColor;border-top:0;border-left:0;content:'';display:inline-block;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);height:10px;width:10px;}#Lifestyle-checkbox-input:checked~.dcr-yq9plo:before{margin-top:8px;-webkit-transform:rotate(-135deg);-moz-transform:rotate(-135deg);-ms-transform:rotate(-135deg);transform:rotate(-135deg);}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-yq9plo{display:none;}}.dcr-1utnfys{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0 0 12px;position:relative;}.dcr-1utnfys::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1utnfys{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;height:100%;width:100%;padding:0 8px;}}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-1utnfys{background:var(--masthead-nav-background);}}@media (max-width: 979.9px){#Lifestyle-checkbox-input:not(:checked)~.dcr-1utnfys{display:none;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-90inr0{display:none;}}.dcr-1jjnk9d{box-sizing:border-box;display:block;margin-left:16px;max-width:380px;position:relative;margin-bottom:24px;margin-right:41px;padding-bottom:15px;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1jjnk9d{margin:0;}}.dcr-6v110l{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:#121212;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);}.dcr-qcy5wo{width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:44px;color:#121212;background-color:#FFFFFF;border:1px solid #707070;border-radius:4px;padding:0 8px;margin-top:4px;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;background-color:var(--nav-search-bar-background);border:0;border-radius:1000px;box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--nav-search-bar-text);height:36px;padding-left:38px;vertical-align:middle;width:100%;}.dcr-qcy5wo:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) .dcr-qcy5wo:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #0077B6;}.dcr-qcy5wo:invalid{box-shadow:none;}.dcr-qcy5wo:invalid[value]:not([value='']){border:2px solid #C70000;border-radius:4px;color:#121212;margin-top:0;}.dcr-qcy5wo::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:var(--nav-search-bar-text);}.dcr-qcy5wo::-moz-placeholder{color:var(--nav-search-bar-text);}.dcr-qcy5wo:-ms-input-placeholder{color:var(--nav-search-bar-text);}.dcr-qcy5wo::placeholder{color:var(--nav-search-bar-text);}.dcr-qcy5wo:focus{padding-right:40px;}.dcr-qcy5wo:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder{opacity:0;}.dcr-qcy5wo:focus::-moz-placeholder{opacity:0;}.dcr-qcy5wo:focus:-ms-input-placeholder{opacity:0;}.dcr-qcy5wo:focus::placeholder{opacity:0;}.dcr-qcy5wo:focus~button{background-color:transparent;opacity:1;pointer-events:all;}.dcr-radnun{position:absolute;left:7px;top:7px;fill:var(--nav-search-bar-icon);}.dcr-1gsboxi{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;border:none;background:transparent;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:.3s ease-in-out;transition:.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:44px;min-height:44px;padding:0 20px;border-radius:44px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:#052962;color:#FFFFFF;-webkit-flex-direction:row-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse;background:transparent;border:0;bottom:0;cursor:pointer;display:block;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:50px;fill:var(--nav-search-bar-icon);}.dcr-1gsboxi:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;}.dcr-1gsboxi:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) .dcr-1gsboxi:focus{outline:5px solid #0077B6;outline-offset:3px;}.dcr-1gsboxi:hover{background-color:#234B8A;}.dcr-1gsboxi svg{-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;display:block;fill:currentColor;position:relative;width:30px;height:auto;}.dcr-1gsboxi .src-button-space{width:12px;}.dcr-1gsboxi svg{margin-left:-4px;}.dcr-1gsboxi:focus,.dcr-1gsboxi:active{opacity:0;pointer-events:all;}.dcr-1gsboxi:before{height:12px;top:12px;width:12px;}.dcr-1gsboxi:after{border-right:0;top:17px;width:20px;}.dcr-1q09wwq{background-color:var(--masthead-nav-border);content:'';display:block;height:1px;margin-left:50px;right:0;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1q09wwq{display:none;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-e1bf28{display:none;}}.dcr-1rg7stg{position:relative;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;outline:none;cursor:pointer;width:100%;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;color:var(--nav-reader-revenue-link-text);font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;}.dcr-1rg7stg >*{pointer-events:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1rg7stg{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1rg7stg{padding:6px 0;}}.dcr-1rg7stg:hover,.dcr-1rg7stg:focus{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1rg7stg{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}}.dcr-1rg7stg:hover,.dcr-1rg7stg:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-3ae42h{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;list-style:none;margin:0;padding-bottom:10px;position:relative;}.dcr-3ae42h::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}.dcr-3ae42h:first-of-type:after{content:none;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-3ae42h{width:108px;float:left;position:relative;}.dcr-3ae42h:after{content:none;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-3ae42h{width:125px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-3ae42h{width:136px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-3ae42h:before{content:'';display:block;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;width:1px;height:auto;background-color:var(--masthead-nav-lines);}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-3ae42h:after{content:'';display:block;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:1px;height:auto;background-color:var(--masthead-nav-lines);}}.dcr-1mtufo3{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0 0 12px;position:relative;}.dcr-1mtufo3::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1mtufo3{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;height:100%;width:100%;padding:0 8px;}}.dcr-a1su5g{position:relative;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;outline:none;cursor:pointer;width:100%;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}.dcr-a1su5g >*{pointer-events:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-a1su5g{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-a1su5g{padding:6px 0;}}.dcr-a1su5g:hover,.dcr-a1su5g:focus{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}.dcr-a1su5g:hover,.dcr-a1su5g:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-1rinrec{display:none;padding:8px;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1rinrec{display:block;}}.dcr-iwod0p{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;list-style:none;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;padding-bottom:0;}.dcr-iwod0p::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-iwod0p{width:140px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-iwod0p{width:300px;}}.dcr-nnfu1a{margin-right:0;margin-top:-6px;padding-bottom:0;}.dcr-e3rvah{position:relative;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;outline:none;cursor:pointer;width:100%;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:8px 32px 8px 48px;font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.dcr-e3rvah >*{pointer-events:none;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-e3rvah{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-e3rvah{padding:6px 0;}}.dcr-e3rvah:hover,.dcr-e3rvah:focus{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-e3rvah{padding-left:60px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-e3rvah{padding:6px 0;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-e3rvah{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;}}.dcr-mu6xev{position:relative;grid-column:content-start/content-end;grid-row:3;width:calc(100% + 10px);}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-mu6xev{width:calc(100% + 20px);}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-mu6xev{width:100%;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-mu6xev:before{content:'';border-left:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);position:absolute;left:-20px;top:0;bottom:0;}.dcr-mu6xev:after{content:'';border-left:1px solid var(--masthead-nav-lines);position:absolute;right:-20px;top:0;bottom:0;}}.dcr-mu6xev ul{padding-right:32px;position:relative;}.dcr-12t3ay9{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-column-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;color:inherit;min-height:28px;width:100%;margin-top:8px;overflow-x:scroll;scrollbar-width:none;}@media (min-width: 375px){.dcr-12t3ay9{margin-top:12px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-12t3ay9{min-height:30px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-12t3ay9{margin-top:14px;}}@supports selector(::-webkit-scrollbar){.dcr-12t3ay9::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;}}.dcr-5wkng0{white-space:nowrap;}.dcr-15o3dy0{color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding-right:4px;}.dcr-15o3dy0:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text-hover);}.dcr-3qh43d{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}.dcr-1ikn05z{position:absolute;width:40px;height:100%;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;background:linear-gradient( to right, transparent 0%, var(--masthead-nav-background) 100% );}.dcr-wqti5a{position:relative;margin:auto;padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-wqti5a{max-width:740px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-wqti5a{max-width:980px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-wqti5a{max-width:1140px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-wqti5a{max-width:1300px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-wqti5a{border-left:1px solid;border-right:1px solid;border-color:var(--article-border);}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-wqti5a{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}.dcr-1fw0voq{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}@media (max-width: 1139.9px){.dcr-1fw0voq{margin-left:0px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1fw0voq{margin-left:151px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1fw0voq{margin-left:230px;}}@supports (display: grid){.dcr-1fw0voq{display:grid;width:100%;margin-left:0;grid-column-gap:10px;}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1fw0voq{grid-template-columns:219px 1px 620px 80px 300px;grid-template-areas:'title border headline headline headline' 'meta border media media media' 'meta border standfirst . right-column' 'meta border body . right-column' '. border . . right-column';}}@media (max-width: 1299.9px){.dcr-1fw0voq{grid-template-columns:140px 1px 620px 300px;grid-template-areas:'title border headline headline' 'meta border media media' 'meta border standfirst right-column' 'meta border body right-column' '. border . right-column';}}@media (max-width: 1139.9px){.dcr-1fw0voq{grid-template-columns:620px 300px;grid-template-areas:'title right-column' 'headline right-column' 'standfirst right-column' 'media right-column' 'meta right-column' 'body right-column' '. right-column';}}@media (max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-1fw0voq{grid-column-gap:0px;grid-template-columns:100%;grid-template-areas:'title' 'headline' 'standfirst' 'media' 'meta' 'body';}}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-1fw0voq{grid-column-gap:0px;grid-template-columns:100%;grid-template-areas:'media' 'title' 'headline' 'standfirst' 'meta' 'body';}}}.dcr-1fnjjtg{grid-area:var(--grid-area);}.dcr-1j5hrwi{position:relative;}.dcr-hlfdy3{height:100%;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-hlfdy3{margin:0;-webkit-order:2;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;}}.dcr-hlfdy3 img{-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;width:100%;height:100%;}@media (max-width: 659.9px){.dcr-hlfdy3{margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px;}}@media (max-width: 479.9px){.dcr-hlfdy3{margin-left:-10px;margin-right:-10px;}}.dcr-142siv7{height:100%;}.dcr-1t8m8f2{position:relative;}.dcr-1t8m8f2 img{height:100%;width:100%;object-fit:cover;}.dcr-evn1e9{display:block;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-v822l1{display:none;}}.dcr-gup2gr{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}.dcr-zy1nbx #the-checkbox{display:none;}.dcr-zy1nbx #the-caption{display:none;}.dcr-zy1nbx #the-checkbox:checked+#the-caption{display:block;}.dcr-1xgwz8b{position:absolute;right:5px;width:32px;height:32px;z-index:1;background-color:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.6);border-radius:50%;bottom:6px;border:none;cursor:pointer;}.dcr-1xgwz8b svg{top:0;bottom:0;right:0;left:0;margin:auto;position:absolute;fill:white;}.dcr-1ie0kc7{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;line-height:135%;padding-top:6px;overflow-wrap:break-word;color:var(--caption-text);position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.8);color:var(--caption-overlay-text);font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1rem;padding-top:0.375rem;padding-right:2.5rem;padding-left:0.75rem;padding-bottom:0.375rem;-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;min-height:2.25rem;}.dcr-1ie0kc7 span{color:var(--caption-overlay-text);font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1rem;}.dcr-1ie0kc7 svg{fill:currentcolor;}.dcr-1inf02i{fill:var(--caption-text);margin-right:4px;display:inline-block;position:relative;width:1em;vertical-align:baseline;}.dcr-1inf02i::before{content:' ';display:block;padding-top:72.22222222222221%;}.dcr-1inf02i svg{top:0px;right:0px;bottom:0px;left:0px;width:100%;position:absolute;height:100%;}.dcr-1qvd3m6 a{color:var(--caption-link);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.dcr-1qvd3m6 a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-1qvd3m6 strong{font-weight:bold;}.dcr-13fd1ms{position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;cursor:pointer;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-13fd1ms:hover>button.open-lightbox{opacity:0.7;}}.dcr-4tmywn{position:absolute;right:0;margin:6px;border-radius:50%;border:none;cursor:pointer;background:rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.8);opacity:0;height:44px;width:44px;}.dcr-4tmywn svg{margin-top:3px;fill:#FFFFFF;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-4tmywn{padding:0;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-4tmywn:hover{-webkit-filter:brightness(85%);filter:brightness(85%);opacity:0.8;}.dcr-4tmywn:focus{opacity:0.7;}}.dcr-4tmywn svg{height:32px;width:32px;}.dcr-194i6pr{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);}.dcr-1fujct4{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;line-height:135%;padding-top:6px;overflow-wrap:break-word;color:var(--caption-text);margin-bottom:6px;}.dcr-10355cg{padding-top:8px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-10355cg{-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1v9xu6e{display:none;}}.dcr-qmfkju{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:var(--series-title-text);background-color:var(--section-title-background);font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;word-break:break-word;}.dcr-qmfkju:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}@media (max-width: 1139.9px){.dcr-qmfkju{margin-right:8px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-qmfkju{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-upmzd8{border-left:1px solid var(--article-border);height:100%;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-14qe9do{margin-bottom:-100px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-14emo0l{max-width:620px;}}.dcr-2xdylj{margin-bottom:16px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;padding-bottom:4px;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-2xdylj{max-width:620px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-2xdylj{padding-bottom:24px;}}.dcr-13fq93x{margin-left:6px;margin-top:4px;}.dcr-47lvke{background-color:var(--design-tag-background);color:var(--design-tag-text);display:inline-block;padding:2px 0 4px 0;font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;line-height:115%;box-shadow:6px 0 0 var(--design-tag-background),-6px 0 0 var(--design-tag-background);-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-47lvke{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}}.dcr-epjkf7{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;border:none;background:transparent;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:.3s ease-in-out;transition:.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:44px;min-height:44px;padding:0 20px;border-radius:44px;padding-bottom:2px;padding:0;background-color:transparent;color:#052962;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px;border-radius:0;color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;text-underline-offset:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;min-height:initial;height:initial;}.dcr-epjkf7:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;}.dcr-epjkf7:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) .dcr-epjkf7:focus{outline:5px solid #0077B6;outline-offset:3px;}.dcr-epjkf7:hover{text-decoration-thickness:4px;}.dcr-epjkf7:hover{color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-wfjs2f{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.75rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;margin-left:6px;line-height:2.1875rem;z-index:1;color:var(--headline-colour);}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-wfjs2f{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:2.125rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:4px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-wfjs2f{line-height:2.625rem;}}.dcr-191bsoy{background-color:var(--headline-background);position:relative;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-right:4px;padding-bottom:4px;box-shadow:-6px 0 0 var(--headline-background);-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;display:inline;}.dcr-16on7cv{margin-left:6px;margin-top:4px;z-index:1;}.dcr-1rjfcod{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:500;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;line-height:1.4;background-color:var(--byline-background);box-shadow:4px 0 0 var(--byline-background),-6px 0 0 var(--byline-background);display:inline-block;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;color:var(--headline-byline);}.dcr-1rjfcod a{color:var(--byline-anchor);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.dcr-1rjfcod a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-w09sr0{max-width:540px;color:var(--standfirst-text);font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:500;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;padding-bottom:8px;}.dcr-w09sr0 li{margin-bottom:6px;padding-left:19px;}.dcr-w09sr0 li p{display:inline;}.dcr-w09sr0 li:before{display:inline-block;content:'';border-radius:50%;height:0.7em;width:0.7em;margin-right:7px;background-color:var(--standfirst-bullet);margin-left:-19px;}.dcr-w09sr0 p:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:8px;}.dcr-w09sr0 strong{font-weight:bold;}.dcr-w09sr0 [data-dcr-style='bullet']{display:inline-block;content:'';border-radius:50%;height:13px;width:13px;margin-right:2px;background-color:var(--standfirst-bullet);}.dcr-w09sr0 a{color:var(--standfirst-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--standfirst-link-border);-webkit-transition:border-color 0.15s ease-out;transition:border-color 0.15s ease-out;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-w09sr0{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:500;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-w09sr0{padding-bottom:2px;}}.dcr-w09sr0 a:hover{border-bottom:solid 1px var(--standfirst-link-border);}@media (max-width: 659.9px){.dcr-ich95x{margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px;}}@media (max-width: 479.9px){.dcr-ich95x{margin-left:-10px;margin-right:-10px;}}.dcr-194w08h{display:block;}.dcr-bjqdol{height:100%;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-bjqdol{max-width:620px;}}@media (max-width: 659.9px){.dcr-1v9sla6{margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px;}}@media (max-width: 479.9px){.dcr-1v9sla6{margin-left:-10px;margin-right:-10px;}}.dcr-5oiine{padding-top:2px;}@media (min-width: 740px) and (max-width: 1139.9px){.dcr-5oiine{-webkit-order:3;-ms-flex-order:3;order:3;}}@media (max-width: 479.9px){.dcr-5oiine{padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-5oiine{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}@media (min-width: 660px){.dcr-5oiine{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;}}.dcr-1kpcv08{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}@media (max-width: 1139.9px){.dcr-1kpcv08{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}}.dcr-1r4u1x3{width:140px;height:140px;margin-top:6px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:12px;margin-left:0px;}@media (max-width: 1139.9px){.dcr-1r4u1x3{width:60px;height:60px;margin-top:3px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:12px;margin-left:0px;}}.dcr-1gesx20{display:block;height:100%;width:100%;overflow:hidden;min-width:60px;border-radius:100%;background-color:var(--avatar-background);}.dcr-1yduq3m{display:block;object-fit:cover;height:100%;width:100%;}.dcr-1pexjb9{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:var(--dateline);padding-top:2px;margin-bottom:6px;}@media (max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-1pexjb9{color:var(--mobile-color);}}.dcr-9dgpdq{margin-bottom:6px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}.dcr-16lnb0w{border-top:1px solid var(--article-border);-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;padding-top:6px;}@media (max-width: 659.9px){.dcr-16lnb0w{margin-left:-10px;margin-right:-10px;padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px) and (max-width: 1299.9px){.dcr-16lnb0w{padding-bottom:6px;}}.dcr-bao4ku{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;border:none;background:transparent;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:.3s ease-in-out;transition:.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:36px;min-height:36px;padding:0 16px;border-radius:36px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:transparent;color:#052962;border:1px solid #052962;-webkit-flex-direction:row-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse;color:var(--share-button);width:105px;-webkit-transition:none;transition:none;border-color:var(--share-button-border);height:36px;}.dcr-bao4ku:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;}.dcr-bao4ku:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) .dcr-bao4ku:focus{outline:5px solid #0077B6;outline-offset:3px;}.dcr-bao4ku:hover{background-color:#E5E5E5;}.dcr-bao4ku svg{-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;display:block;fill:currentColor;position:relative;width:26px;height:auto;}.dcr-bao4ku .src-button-space{width:8px;}.dcr-bao4ku svg{margin-left:-4px;}.dcr-bao4ku svg{fill:var(--share-button);-webkit-transition:inherit;transition:inherit;}.dcr-bao4ku:hover{background-color:var(--share-button);border-color:var(--share-button);color:var(--share-button-hover);}.dcr-bao4ku:hover svg{fill:var(--share-button-hover);}.dcr-1csot3r{border-top:1px solid var(--article-border);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;}@media (min-width: 1140px) and (max-width: 1299.9px){.dcr-1csot3r{-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:flex-start;justify-content:flex-start;}}@media (max-width: 659.9px){.dcr-1csot3r{margin-left:-10px;margin-right:-10px;padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;}}.dcr-14baf59{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;}.dcr-fu29fd{-webkit-align-self:start;-ms-flex-item-align:start;align-self:start;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:0;z-index:9;}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-fu29fd{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:36px;margin-left:1px;margin-right:-1px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-fu29fd{margin-left:0;}}@media (max-width: 1139.9px){.dcr-1lhv23l{display:none;}}.dcr-1upb05m{z-index:5;grid-area:var(--grid-area);}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1iz7gbk{display:none;}}.dcr-1a4fred{-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;z-index:1;}@media (max-width: 1139.9px){.dcr-1a4fred{padding-left:0;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1a4fred{width:620px;}}.dcr-1bwys2b{margin-top:0.75rem;}@media (min-width: 740px) and (max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-1bwys2b{padding-right:80px;}}.dcr-1bwys2b ol:not([data-ignore='global-ol-styling']){counter-reset:li;}.dcr-1bwys2b ol:not([data-ignore='global-ol-styling']) >li:before{font-family:GuardianTextEgyptian,"Guardian Text Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;line-height:1.15;content:counter(li);counter-increment:li;margin-right:0.25rem;float:left;}.dcr-1bwys2b strong{font-weight:bold;}.dcr-1bwys2b a:not([data-ignore='global-link-styling']){-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--article-link-border);color:var(--article-link-text);}.dcr-1bwys2b a:not([data-ignore='global-link-styling']):hover{color:var(--article-link-text-hover);border-bottom:1px solid var(--article-link-border-hover);}.dcr-1q6n3e0{position:relative;}.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot-container{margin:12px auto;text-align:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot-container{background-color:var(--ad-background);}}@media (max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot-container{clear:left;}}.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot-container .ad-slot--interscroller{overflow:hidden;position:relative;}.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot-container .ad-slot--interscroller .ad-slot__content{position:absolute;height:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;z-index:-1;}.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot-container .ad-slot--interscroller::before{display:none;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot-container--offset-right{float:right;max-width:300px;margin-right:-330px;background-color:transparent;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot-container--offset-right{margin-right:-310px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot-container--offset-right{margin-right:-400px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;-webkit-align-self:flex-start;-ms-flex-item-align:flex-start;align-self:flex-start;}}.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot--inline:not(.ad-slot--rendered){min-height:221px;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot--inline:not(.ad-slot--rendered){min-height:274px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot--inline1:not(.ad-slot--rendered){min-height:374px;}}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot--top-above-nav:not(.ad-slot--rendered){min-height:221px;}}.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot--carrot{float:left;clear:both;width:140px;margin-right:20px;margin-bottom:4px;}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot--carrot{position:relative;margin-left:-160px;width:140px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot--carrot{margin-left:-240px;width:220px;}}.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot__scroll{position:fixed;bottom:0;width:100%;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:var(--ad-background);padding-top:3px;border-top:1px solid var(--ad-border);color:var(--ad-labels-text);text-align:center;box-sizing:border-box;}.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot__scroll.visible{visibility:initial;}.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot__scroll.hidden{visibility:hidden;}.dcr-1q6n3e0 .ad-slot--interscroller[data-label-show='true']::before{content:'Advertisement';position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;border:0;display:block;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:var(--ad-background);padding-top:3px;border-top:1px solid var(--ad-border);color:var(--ad-labels-text);text-align:center;box-sizing:border-box;}.dcr-106f06m{margin-bottom:0.75rem;word-break:break-word;font-family:GuardianTextEgyptian,"Guardian Text Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.4;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:var(--textblock-text);}.dcr-106f06m strong em,.dcr-106f06m strong u{font-weight:bold;}.dcr-106f06m ul{margin-bottom:0.75rem;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-106f06m ul{margin-bottom:1rem;}}.dcr-106f06m li{margin-bottom:0.25rem;padding-left:1.25rem;display:flow-root;}.dcr-106f06m li p{margin:-1.5rem 0 0 0;}.dcr-106f06m:is(ul)>li:before{display:inline-block;content:'';border-radius:50%;height:0.75rem;width:0.75rem;background-color:#DCDCDC;margin-left:-1.25rem;margin-right:0.5rem;}.dcr-106f06m sub{bottom:-0.25em;}.dcr-106f06m sup{top:-0.5em;}.dcr-106f06m sub,.dcr-106f06m sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline;}.dcr-106f06m [data-dcr-style='bullet']{display:inline-block;content:'';border-radius:50%;height:0.5rem;width:0.5rem;background-color:#866D50;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-106f06m{overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-wrap:break-word;}}.dcr-15rw6c2{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;float:left;font-size:7rem;line-height:5.75rem;text-transform:uppercase;box-sizing:border-box;margin-right:4px;vertical-align:text-top;}.dcr-173mewl{margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:12px;}.dcr-13aa88h{max-width:1444.6833333333332px;width:100%;margin-bottom:6px;}.dcr-1wp93rs{position:relative;padding-bottom:56.20608899297424%;}.dcr-1wp93rs>iframe,.dcr-1wp93rs>video{width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;}.dcr-nyoej5{color:var(--pullquote-text);font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:500;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;margin-top:14px;margin-bottom:14px;max-width:90%;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-nyoej5{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:500;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-nyoej5{max-width:80%;}}.dcr-scql1j{height:0.7em;width:auto;vertical-align:baseline;margin-right:4px;}.dcr-zzndwp{display:inline;font-style:italic;}.dcr-jzxpee{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:40px;left:-200vw;line-height:30px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;background:#FFFFFF;display:block;text-align:center;margin:0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#000000;}.dcr-jzxpee:focus,.dcr-jzxpee:active{border:5px solid #0077B6;position:static;}.dcr-jzxpee:visited,.dcr-jzxpee:active{color:#000000;}.dcr-av5vqf{clear:left;border:var(--recaptcha-border) 3px dashed;border-radius:12px;margin-bottom:12px;padding:8px;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-av5vqf{padding:8px 12px;}}.dcr-10et71f{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;margin-bottom:8px;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-10et71f{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;margin-bottom:6px;}}.dcr-1sbse14{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;}.dcr-1sbse14 span{color:inherit;}.dcr-9ypm66{margin-top:8px;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-9ypm66{margin-top:0;max-height:0;overflow:visible;}}.dcr-ibdtyj{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}.dcr-1hwoqtr{height:28px;}.dcr-1hwoqtr svg{background:#FFE500;border-radius:50%;height:100%;padding:2px;margin-right:4px;}.dcr-tx2qx{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;line-height:1.15;}.dcr-1xjndtj{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;line-height:1.15;margin-bottom:8px;max-width:465px;}.dcr-kfi215{display:grid;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;grid-template-columns:auto min-content;grid-template-rows:24px 48px;gap:0 12px;grid-template-areas:'label label' 'input button';}.dcr-kfi215 label{grid-area:label;}.dcr-kfi215 label div{color:var(--article-text);}.dcr-kfi215 input{grid-area:input;margin-top:0;color:var(--article-text);background-color:var(--article-background);}.dcr-kfi215 button{grid-area:button;background-color:var(--recaptcha-button);color:var(--recaptcha-button-text);}.dcr-kfi215 button:hover{background-color:var(--recaptcha-button-hover);}.dcr-1qn103b{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:#121212;}.dcr-dpem99{width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:44px;color:#121212;background-color:#FFFFFF;border:1px solid #707070;border-radius:4px;padding:0 8px;margin-top:4px;}.dcr-dpem99:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) .dcr-dpem99:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #0077B6;}.dcr-dpem99:invalid{box-shadow:none;}.dcr-dpem99:invalid[value]:not([value='']){border:2px solid #C70000;border-radius:4px;color:#121212;margin-top:0;}.dcr-zll6x8{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;border:none;background:transparent;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:.3s ease-in-out;transition:.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:36px;min-height:36px;padding:0 16px;border-radius:36px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:#052962;color:#FFFFFF;}.dcr-zll6x8:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;}.dcr-zll6x8:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) .dcr-zll6x8:focus{outline:5px solid #0077B6;outline-offset:3px;}.dcr-zll6x8:hover{background-color:#234B8A;}.dcr-1eusqlu{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;line-height:1.15;color:var(--privacy-text-supporting-subdued);}.dcr-1eusqlu a{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-1eusqlu a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-1eusqlu strong{font-weight:bold;}.dcr-1eusqlu a,.dcr-1eusqlu strong{color:var(--privacy-text-supporting);}.dcr-1eusqlu a:hover,.dcr-1eusqlu strong:hover{color:inherit;}.dcr-1rjy2q9{position:relative;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-position:under;text-underline-offset:5%;display:inline;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;color:#0077B6;}.dcr-1rjy2q9:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) .dcr-1rjy2q9:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #0077B6;}.dcr-1rjy2q9:hover{text-decoration-thickness:var(--source-text-decoration-thickness, auto);}.dcr-1rjy2q9:hover{color:#0077B6;}.dcr-1eyan6r{color:var(--pullquote-text);font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:500;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;position:relative;background-color:var(--pullquote-background);margin-top:2px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:14px;clear:left;float:left;}@media (min-width: 660px){.dcr-1eyan6r{width:40%;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1eyan6r{position:relative;border:1px solid var(--pullquote-border);padding:2px 10px 16px 10px;width:240px;margin-left:-100px;margin-top:5px;}}.dcr-5h0uf4{margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:12px;position:relative;}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-5h0uf4{margin-left:-160px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-5h0uf4{margin-left:-240px;}}.dcr-1pvqcrw{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;line-height:135%;padding-top:6px;overflow-wrap:break-word;color:var(--caption-text);margin-bottom:6px;}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1pvqcrw{width:140px;position:absolute;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1pvqcrw{width:220px;}}.dcr-65xb9q{display:block;}.dcr-fckw05{padding-bottom:36px;}@media (max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-fckw05{padding-bottom:20px;}}.dcr-1slmqmw{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;display:block;color:var(--sub-meta-label-text);margin-bottom:8px;}.dcr-1jl528t{padding-bottom:12px;margin-bottom:6px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--article-border);}.dcr-1yfsxuc{list-style:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1.5rem 0.25rem;background-image:repeating-linear-gradient( to bottom, var(--sub-meta-background) 0px, var(--sub-meta-background) 36px, transparent 36px, transparent 37px, var(--sub-meta-background) 37px, var(--sub-meta-background) 48px ),repeating-linear-gradient( to right, var(--article-border) 0px, var(--article-border) 3px, transparent 3px, transparent 5px );-webkit-background-position:top;background-position:top;background-repeat:no-repeat;}.dcr-1yfsxuc li::before{content:'\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}.dcr-ncdwh2{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;border:1px solid var(--sub-meta-text);border-radius:12px;padding:2px 9px;}.dcr-ncdwh2:hover{background-color:var(--sub-meta-text);}.dcr-ncdwh2:hover a{color:var(--sub-meta-text-hover);}.dcr-ncdwh2 a{position:relative;display:block;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.dcr-1gwziyt{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:var(--sub-meta-text);}.dcr-nu129i{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.dcr-zhx6xs >a{font-weight:normal;}.dcr-14rjinq{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;border:none;background:transparent;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:.3s ease-in-out;transition:.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;min-height:24px;padding:0 12px;border-radius:24px;padding-bottom:1px;background-color:transparent;color:var(--syndication-button-text);border:1px solid var(--syndication-button-border);}.dcr-14rjinq:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;}.dcr-14rjinq:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) .dcr-14rjinq:focus{outline:5px solid #0077B6;outline-offset:3px;}.dcr-14rjinq:hover{background-color:var(--syndication-button-hover);}.dcr-10el5c8{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;z-index:4;grid-area:var(--grid-area);}@supports (display: grid){.dcr-10el5c8{position:relative;}}.dcr-jwg3xc{padding-top:6px;height:100%;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-jwg3xc{margin-left:20px;margin-right:-20px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-jwg3xc{margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;}}@media (max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-1hko8ef{display:none;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1hko8ef{height:100%;display:block;-webkit-flex-basis:300px;-ms-flex-preferred-size:300px;flex-basis:300px;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;}}.dcr-1e3xwa3{height:min(100%, 1600px);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}.dcr-7caenu{min-height:624px;}.dcr-1jakjiw{background-color:var(--ad-background-article-inner);max-width:300px;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:0;}.dcr-1ykr3rf{position:relative;margin:auto;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1ykr3rf{max-width:740px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1ykr3rf{max-width:980px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1ykr3rf{max-width:1140px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1ykr3rf{max-width:1300px;}}.dcr-17n294h{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;}.dcr-17n294h.ad-slot-container--centre-slot{width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;margin:0 auto;}.dcr-ivr0sq{position:relative;min-height:274px;margin:12px auto;max-width:1300px;overflow:hidden;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-ivr0sq{margin:0;padding-bottom:20px;min-height:294px;}}@media (min-width: 660px) and (max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-ivr0sq:not(.ad-slot--fluid).ad-slot--rendered{display:none;}}.dcr-1ntgn2k{width:100%;background:var(--article-section-background);}.dcr-1vf50t{position:relative;margin:auto;border-top:1px solid;border-color:var(--article-border);padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1vf50t{max-width:740px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1vf50t{max-width:980px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1vf50t{max-width:1140px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1vf50t{max-width:1300px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1vf50t{border-left:1px solid;border-right:1px solid;border-color:var(--article-border);}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1vf50t{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}.dcr-ri3hap{-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;}.dcr-p0nyl2{min-height:340px;width:100%;margin-bottom:px;margin-left:px;background-color:var(--article-background);}.dcr-u8qikl{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-positive:1;}.dcr-1gx3men{position:relative;padding-right:10px;}@media (max-width: 1139.9px){.dcr-1gx3men{display:none;}}@media (min-width: 1140px) and (max-width: 1299.9px){.dcr-1gx3men{-webkit-flex-basis:151px;-ms-flex-preferred-size:151px;flex-basis:151px;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1gx3men{-webkit-flex-basis:230px;-ms-flex-preferred-size:230px;flex-basis:230px;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;}}.dcr-yg4zrc{height:100%;}.dcr-k1vhee{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:100%;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.dcr-1atljbz{margin-left:0;}.dcr-dah9rt{font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;padding-bottom:4px;padding-top:6px;overflow-wrap:break-word;}.dcr-fossqd{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;width:100%;}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-fossqd{margin-right:68px;}}.dcr-f68shw{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;}@media (max-width: 1139.9px){.dcr-f68shw{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1giivcq{display:none;}}.dcr-ddf1wi{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-ddf1wi{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}}.dcr-6m88po{margin-left:-1px;}@media (min-width: 980px) and (max-width: 1299.9px){.dcr-6m88po{min-width:627px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-6m88po{min-width:718px;}}.dcr-5mqa0r{min-height:360px;width:100%;margin-bottom:px;margin-left:px;background-color:#EDEDED;-webkit-animation:animation-yk1vcf 2s infinite linear;animation:animation-yk1vcf 2s infinite linear;background:linear-gradient( to right, #EDEDED 4%, white 25%, #EDEDED 36% );-webkit-background-size:1500px 100%;background-size:1500px 100%;}.dcr-1pt7toy{margin-top:9px;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1pt7toy{margin-top:0;margin-left:10px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1pt7toy{margin-top:10px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1pt7toy{margin-left:16px;}}{margin-top:2px;}{margin-top:36px;}{margin-top:9px;}{margin-top:38px;}{margin-top:54px;}.dcr-j5zpwt{min-height:274px;min-width:300px;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;max-width:300px;margin:0 auto;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-j5zpwt{max-width:700px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-j5zpwt{max-width:300px;}}.dcr-1qjcfie{position:relative;min-height:274px;min-width:300px;max-width:300px;text-align:center;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1qjcfie{max-width:700px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1qjcfie{width:auto;max-width:300px;}}.dcr-1q1v1nj{position:relative;margin:auto;border-top:1px solid;border-color:var(--article-border);}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1q1v1nj{max-width:740px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1q1v1nj{max-width:980px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1q1v1nj{max-width:1140px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1q1v1nj{max-width:1300px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1q1v1nj{border-left:1px solid;border-right:1px solid;border-color:var(--article-border);}}.dcr-a4rp9m{height:36px;overflow:hidden;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-a4rp9m{height:42px;}}.dcr-1gt8egs{list-style:none;padding:0 5px;}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1gt8egs{padding:0 15px;}}.dcr-1gt8egs li{float:left;display:block;}.dcr-lgyw9b{float:left;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;color:var(--sub-nav-link);padding:0 5px;height:36px;line-height:36px;}.dcr-lgyw9b:hover{color:var(--sub-nav-link-hover);}.dcr-lgyw9b:focus{line-height:26px;height:26px;margin-top:5px;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-lgyw9b:focus{height:32px;line-height:32px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-lgyw9b{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;font-size:16px;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-lgyw9b{height:42px;line-height:42px;}}.dcr-1b5y2ep{font-weight:700;}.dcr-bnuca0{position:relative;margin:auto;border-top:1px solid;border-color:var(--article-border);}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-bnuca0{max-width:740px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-bnuca0{max-width:980px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-bnuca0{max-width:1140px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-bnuca0{max-width:1300px;}}.dcr-1hmrwdw{background-color:#052962;color:#FFFFFF;padding-bottom:6px;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}.dcr-1ris6nf{border-left:1px solid #506991;border-right:1px solid #506991;padding-top:8px;position:relative;padding-left:10px;}.dcr-1ris6nf:after{content:'';display:table;clear:both;}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1ris6nf{padding-left:20px;}}.dcr-1ris6nf >ul{clear:none;}.dcr-1ris6nf >ul:after{display:none;}.dcr-1xyi04h{display:grid;-webkit-column-gap:12px;column-gap:12px;grid-template-areas:'signup' 'links' 'acknowledgment';clear:both;width:100%;padding:0 10px;position:relative;border:1px solid #506991;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1xyi04h{grid-template-columns:min-content;grid-template-areas:'signup links' 'acknowledgment links';}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1xyi04h{padding:0 20px;}}.dcr-1wf840d{grid-area:signup;padding-top:8px;margin-bottom:12px;}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1wf840d{width:247px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1wf840d{width:298px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1wf840d{width:458px;}}.dcr-u54heg{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;border:none;background:transparent;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:.3s ease-in-out;transition:.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:36px;min-height:36px;padding:0 16px;border-radius:36px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:#052962;color:#FFFFFF;color:#052962;background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-top:12px;}.dcr-u54heg:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;}.dcr-u54heg:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) .dcr-u54heg:focus{outline:5px solid #0077B6;outline-offset:3px;}.dcr-u54heg:hover{background-color:#234B8A;}.dcr-u54heg svg{-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;display:block;fill:currentColor;position:relative;width:26px;height:auto;}.dcr-u54heg .src-button-space{width:8px;}.dcr-u54heg svg{margin-right:-4px;}.dcr-u54heg:hover{background-color:#DCDCDC;}.dcr-1ms2xl4{grid-area:links;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}@media (max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-1ms2xl4{border-top:1px solid #506991;}}.dcr-1ms2xl4 ul{width:50%;border-left:1px solid #506991;padding:12px 0 0 10px;}.dcr-1ms2xl4 ul:nth-of-type(1){border-left:0 none;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-1ms2xl4 ul{clear:left;}.dcr-1ms2xl4 ul:nth-of-type(odd){border-left:0;padding-left:0;}.dcr-1ms2xl4 ul:nth-of-type(3){padding-top:0;}.dcr-1ms2xl4 ul:nth-of-type(4){padding-top:0;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1ms2xl4 ul{margin:0 10px 36px 0;width:150px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1ms2xl4 ul:nth-of-type(1){border-left:1px solid #506991;}}.dcr-4coeh{color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding-bottom:12px;display:block;line-height:19px;}.dcr-4coeh:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;color:#FFE500;}.dcr-1v06yj3{border-left:1px solid #506991;-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;padding:12px 0 0 10px;margin:0 10px 36px 0;width:calc(50% - 10px);}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-1v06yj3{width:50%;border-top:1px solid #506991;}}.dcr-1xnlu54{background-color:#052962;padding:0 5px;position:absolute;bottom:-21px;right:20px;}.dcr-1bljy3y{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;line-height:42px;}.dcr-1bljy3y:hover{color:#FFE500;}.dcr-1bljy3y:hover .icon-container{background-color:#FFE500;}.dcr-6ottnt{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;padding-right:5px;}.dcr-18yycfp{position:relative;float:right;border-radius:100%;background-color:#FFFFFF;cursor:pointer;height:42px;min-width:42px;}.dcr-13lm9u3:before{position:absolute;top:6px;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;margin:auto;border:2px solid #052962;border-bottom:0;border-right:0;content:'';height:12px;width:12px;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);}.dcr-1slcfay{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;padding:12px;padding-left:20px;}@media (max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-1slcfay{margin-top:11px;}}.dcr-1wna1tt{position:fixed!important;bottom:0;z-index:30!important;max-height:90vh;overflow:auto;width:100%!important;background:none!important;top:auto!important;}.dcr-bqcudp{position:fixed;bottom:0;width:320px;margin:0 auto;right:0;left:0;z-index:23;width:100%;text-align:center;background-color:#F6F6F6;}@media (min-width: 660px){.dcr-bqcudp{display:none;}}.dcr-bqcudp .ad-slot__close-button{display:none;position:absolute;right:3px;top:-21px;padding:0;border:0;height:21px;width:21px;background-color:transparent;}.dcr-bqcudp .ad-slot__close-button svg{height:0.75rem;width:0.75rem;stroke:#121212;fill:#121212;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-width:0;text-align:center;}.dcr-bqcudp .ad-slot--mobile-sticky .ad-slot__close-button{display:block;}.dcr-bqcudp .ad-slot__close-button__x{stroke:#121212;fill:transparent;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-width:2;text-align:center;}.dcr-bqcudp .ad-slot:not[data-label-show='true']::before{content:'';display:block;height:24px;visibility:hidden;}.dcr-bqcudp .ad-slot[data-label-show='true']::before{content:'Advertisement';display:block;position:relative;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:var(--ad-background);padding-top:3px;border-top:1px solid var(--ad-border);color:var(--ad-labels-text);text-align:center;box-sizing:border-box;}.dcr-bqcudp .ad-slot[data-label-show='true']::before{padding-left:calc((100% - 320px) / 2);padding-right:calc((100% - 320px) / 2);}</style> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/css/print.css"> </head> <body class=""> <a href="#maincontent" data-link-name="skip : main content" class="dcr-1gpubb">Skip to main content</a><a href="#navigation" data-link-name="skip : navigation" class="dcr-1gpubb">Skip to navigation</a><gu-island name="LightboxLayout" priority="feature" deferUntil="hash" props="{"format":{"design":15,"display":2,"theme":3},"images":[{"masterUrl":"https://media.guim.co.uk/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg","width":4764,"height":2858,"elementId":"e768e0f3-9c85-4ea1-90c6-5df98f69276a","displayCredit":true,"alt":"Tim Robbins in Silo","credit":"Photograph: Jason Bell/Apple TV+","caption":"Going underground … Tim Robbins in Silo.","position":1},{"masterUrl":"https://media.guim.co.uk/9c68e1f70b29c88d4b80e5eb95dd8757d8a65d45/0_106_1631_979/master/1631.jpg","width":1631,"height":979,"elementId":"2d19d55a-b004-4a65-bf8f-8868fba64aaa","displayCredit":true,"alt":"Robbins with Alan Rickman in Bob Roberts.","credit":"Photograph: Working Title Films/Allstar","caption":"Playing politics … Robbins with Alan Rickman in Bob Roberts.","position":2},{"masterUrl":"https://media.guim.co.uk/98b04da5b4fe01c95a8f0b3372ce8500fcdbf96f/0_0_4480_6321/master/4480.jpg","width":4480,"height":6321,"elementId":"0b966f95-cd54-40a1-804a-5f349a14cb6b","displayCredit":true,"alt":"Tim Robbins.","credit":"Photograph: Nick Thompson /Trunk Archive","position":3},{"masterUrl":"https://media.guim.co.uk/f6a70c638c3aec8fa25285aa89d8e0ff6a3366b7/0_102_2056_1233/master/2056.jpg","width":2056,"height":1233,"elementId":"20f777aa-3ab2-4553-ac8e-8e4499924a48","displayCredit":true,"alt":"Whole different ball game … Robbins and Kevin Costner in Bull Durham.","credit":"Photograph: Cinetext Collection/Sportsphoto/Allstar","caption":"Whole different ball game … Robbins and Kevin Costner in Bull Durham.","position":4},{"masterUrl":"https://media.guim.co.uk/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg","width":3504,"height":2102,"elementId":"8fe90f5b-acde-4555-9acd-89bdbf010f6c","displayCredit":true,"alt":"Robbins with Morgan Freeman in The Shawshank Redemption.","credit":"Photograph: Columbia/Allstar","caption":"Slammer time … Robbins with Morgan Freeman in The Shawshank Redemption.","position":5}]}"><div id="gu-lightbox" aria-modal="true" role="dialog" hidden class="dcr-1e4oyvk"><div class="dcr-os2q47"><nav class="dcr-h4unms"><button type="button" title="Close [ESC or Q]" class="close dcr-1v07sbc"><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.015 14.042 20.707 22 22 20.709 14.06 12 22 3.291 20.707 2l-8.692 7.958L3.293 2.03 2 3.321 9.97 12 2 20.679l1.293 1.291z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-ybr5tf">Close dialogue</span></button><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><span aria-hidden="true" data-testid="lightbox-selected" class="dcr-9ww4qd"><span class="selected">1</span><span class="dcr-8mhfnx">/</span><span class="dcr-tviv3x">5</span></span></span><button type="button" title="Next image [→]" class="next dcr-pnu31o"><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1 12.956h18.274l-7.167 8.575.932.932L23 12.478v-.956l-9.96-9.985-.932.932 7.166 8.575H1z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-ybr5tf">Next image</span></button><button type="button" title="Previous image [←]" class="previous dcr-1c9urh0"><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M23 11.045H4.726l7.167-8.576-.932-.932L1 11.522v.956l9.96 9.984.932-.931-7.166-8.575H23z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-ybr5tf">Previous image</span></button><button type="button" title="Toggle caption [i]" class="info dcr-43tvi7"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9" height="24" viewBox="0 0 9 24"><path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M.3 22L3.9 9.1H1.3l.4-1.4 5.6-.9.3.3-4.4 14.8H6L5.6 23c-.9.4-2.8.9-4.1.9-1.1 0-1.7-.5-1.2-1.9zM5.5 2C5.5.9 6.4.1 7.3.1c1 0 1.6.7 1.6 1.5 0 1.1-.9 1.9-1.8 1.9-1 .1-1.6-.6-1.6-1.5z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-ybr5tf">Toggle caption</span></button></nav></div></div></gu-island><gu-island name="LightboxHash" priority="feature" deferUntil="idle" props="{}"></gu-island><gu-island name="FocusStyles" priority="enhancement" deferUntil="idle" props="{}"></gu-island><a href="#navigation" data-link-name="skip : navigation" class="dcr-1gpubb">Skip to navigation</a><gu-island name="AlreadyVisited" priority="feature" deferUntil="idle" props="{}"></gu-island><gu-island name="Metrics" priority="critical" props="{"commercialMetricsEnabled":true,"tests":{}}"></gu-island><gu-island name="BrazeMessaging" priority="feature" deferUntil="idle" props="{"idApiUrl":"https://idapi.theguardian.com"}"></gu-island><gu-island name="ReaderRevenueDev" priority="feature" deferUntil="idle" props="{"shouldHideReaderRevenue":false}"></gu-island><gu-island name="SetABTests" priority="critical" props="{"abTestSwitches":{"abSignInGateMainVariant":true,"abGpidPrebidAdUnits":true,"abUsaExpandableMarketingCard":true,"abOnwardsContentArticle":false,"abSignInGateMainControl":true,"abOptOutFrequencyCap":true,"absoluteServerTimes":false,"abAdBlockAsk":false,"abNewHeaderBiddingEndpoint":true},"pageIsSensitive":false,"isDev":false,"serverSideTests":{}}"></gu-island><gu-island name="SetAdTargeting" priority="critical" props="{"adTargeting":{"customParams":{"sens":"f","si":"f","vl":0,"cc":"INT","s":"tv-and-radio","inskin":"f","ct":"article","su":["0"],"edition":"int","tn":["interview"],"p":"ng","k":["tv-and-radio","tim-robbins","film-industry","drama","science-fiction","film","culture","television"],"sh":"https://www.theguardian.com/p/xvpffd","co":["gwilym-mumford"],"url":"/tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank","pa":"f","urlkw":["tim","robbins","actor","interview","silo","season","2","apple","tv","shawshank"]},"adUnit":"/59666047/theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/article/ng"}}"></gu-island><div><div class="dcr-1jicgf3"><section style="background-color:var(--section-background);" class="dcr-1xdhyk6"><div style="border-color:var(--article-border);" class="dcr-1s8spa1"><div class="dcr-1u9kji9"><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="top-banner-ad-container dcr-iim5od"><div class="dcr-mqepgd"><gu-island name="AdBlockAsk" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"size":"leaderboard","slotId":"dfp-ad--top-above-nav","shouldHideReaderRevenue":false,"isPaidContent":false}"></gu-island><div class="ad-slot-container dcr-vdr14u"><div id="dfp-ad--top-above-nav" data-link-name="ad slot top-above-nav" data-name="top-above-nav" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--top-above-nav ad-slot--mpu-banner-ad ad-slot--rendered"></div></div></div></div></span></div></div></section></div><header data-component="header"><section style="background-color:var(--masthead-top-bar-background);" class="dcr-1xdhyk6"><div style="border-color:var(--article-border);" class="dcr-1s8spa1"><div data-component="topbar"><gu-island name="TopBar" priority="critical" props="{"editionId":"INT","idUrl":"https://profile.theguardian.com","mmaUrl":"https://manage.theguardian.com","discussionApiUrl":"https://discussion.theguardian.com/discussion-api","idApiUrl":"https://idapi.theguardian.com","contributionsServiceUrl":"https://contributions.guardianapis.com","hasPageSkin":false}"><div class="dcr-5k6jfi"><div class="dcr-kohrs2"><div style="padding-right:12px;" class="dcr-145list"></div><span class="dcr-1vetsv0"><div style="padding-right:12px;" class="dcr-1cvta4k"><a href="https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe/weekly?REFPVID=undefined&INTCMP=undefined&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22%3A%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22%2C%22componentId%22%3A%22PrintSubscriptionsHeaderLink%22%2C%22componentType%22%3A%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22%2C%22referrerUrl%22%3A%22%22%7D" data-link-name="header : topbar : printsubs" class="dcr-vxblrw">Print subscriptions</a></div></span><span class="dcr-1vetsv0"><div style="padding-right:12px;" class="dcr-1cvta4k"><a href="https://jobs.theguardian.com" data-link-name="header : topbar : job-cta" class="dcr-vxblrw">Search jobs</a></div></span><div style="padding-right:0px;" class="dcr-1cvta4k"><a href="https://profile.theguardian.com/signin?INTCMP=DOTCOM_NEWHEADER_SIGNIN&ABCMP=ab-sign-in&componentEventParams=componentType%3Didentityauthentication%26componentId%3Dguardian_signin_header" data-link-name="header : topbar : signin" class="dcr-3ny4gi"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path d="M7 0C3.1 0 0 3.1 0 7c0 2 .9 3.9 2.4 5.2C3.6 13.4 5.3 14 7 14c1.7 0 3.4-.6 4.7-1.8C13.2 10.9 14 9 14 7c0-3.9-3.1-7-7-7zm0 1.8c1.3 0 2.1.8 2.1 2.1S8 6.3 7 6.3c-.8 0-2-1.1-2-2.4 0-1.4.7-2.1 2-2.1zm0 11.6c-1.7 0-3.3-.7-4.5-1.8l.8-3.2.5-.5c1-.4 2.1-.5 3.1-.5 1.1 0 2.1.2 3.1.5l.5.5.9 3.2c-1.1 1.2-2.7 1.8-4.4 1.8z"></path></svg> Sign in</a></div></div></div></gu-island></div></div></section><gu-island name="Titlepiece" priority="critical" props="{"nav":{"pillars":[{"title":"News","longTitle":"Headlines","url":"/","children":[{"title":"World","longTitle":"World news","url":"/world","children":[{"title":"Europe","longTitle":"Europe","url":"/world/europe-news","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"US","longTitle":"US news","url":"/us-news","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Americas","longTitle":"Americas","url":"/world/americas","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Asia","longTitle":"Asia","url":"/world/asia","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Australia","longTitle":"Australia news","url":"/australia-news","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Middle East","longTitle":"Middle East","url":"/world/middleeast","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Africa","longTitle":"Africa","url":"/world/africa","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Inequality","longTitle":"Inequality","url":"/inequality","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Global development","longTitle":"Global development","url":"/global-development","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"US politics","longTitle":"US politics","url":"/us-news/us-politics","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"UK","longTitle":"UK news","url":"/uk-news","children":[{"title":"UK politics","longTitle":"UK politics","url":"/politics","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Education","longTitle":"Education","url":"/education","children":[{"title":"Schools","longTitle":"Schools","url":"/education/schools","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Teachers","longTitle":"Teachers","url":"/teacher-network","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Universities","longTitle":"Universities","url":"/education/universities","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Students","longTitle":"Students","url":"/education/students","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Media","longTitle":"Media","url":"/media","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Society","longTitle":"Society","url":"/society","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Law","longTitle":"Law","url":"/law","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Scotland","longTitle":"Scotland","url":"/uk/scotland","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Wales","longTitle":"Wales","url":"/uk/wales","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Northern Ireland","longTitle":"Northern Ireland","url":"/uk/northernireland","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Climate crisis","longTitle":"Climate crisis","url":"/environment/climate-crisis","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Middle East","longTitle":"Middle East","url":"/world/middleeast","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Ukraine","longTitle":"Ukraine","url":"/world/ukraine","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Environment","longTitle":"Environment","url":"/environment","children":[{"title":"Climate crisis","longTitle":"Climate crisis","url":"/environment/climate-crisis","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Wildlife","longTitle":"Wildlife","url":"/environment/wildlife","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Energy","longTitle":"Energy","url":"/environment/energy","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Pollution","longTitle":"Pollution","url":"/environment/pollution","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Science","longTitle":"Science","url":"/science","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Global development","longTitle":"Global development","url":"/global-development","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Football","longTitle":"Football","url":"/football","children":[{"title":"Live scores","longTitle":"football/live","url":"/football/live","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Tables","longTitle":"football/tables","url":"/football/tables","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Fixtures","longTitle":"football/fixtures","url":"/football/fixtures","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Results","longTitle":"football/results","url":"/football/results","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Competitions","longTitle":"football/competitions","url":"/football/competitions","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Clubs","longTitle":"football/teams","url":"/football/teams","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Tech","longTitle":"Tech","url":"/technology","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Business","longTitle":"Business","url":"/business","children":[{"title":"Economics","longTitle":"Economics","url":"/business/economics","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Banking","longTitle":"Banking","url":"/business/banking","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Money","longTitle":"Money","url":"/money","children":[{"title":"Property","longTitle":"Property","url":"/money/property","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Pensions","longTitle":"Pensions","url":"/money/pensions","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Savings","longTitle":"Savings","url":"/money/savings","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Borrowing","longTitle":"Borrowing","url":"/money/debt","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Careers","longTitle":"Careers","url":"/money/work-and-careers","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Markets","longTitle":"Markets","url":"/business/stock-markets","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Project Syndicate","longTitle":"Project Syndicate","url":"/business/series/project-syndicate-economists","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"B2B","longTitle":"B2B","url":"/business-to-business","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Retail","longTitle":"Retail","url":"/business/retail","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Obituaries","longTitle":"Obituaries","url":"/obituaries","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false,"pillar":0},{"title":"Opinion","longTitle":"Opinion home","url":"/commentisfree","children":[{"title":"The Guardian view","longTitle":"The Guardian view","url":"/profile/editorial","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Columnists","longTitle":"Columnists","url":"/index/contributors","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Cartoons","longTitle":"Cartoons","url":"/tone/cartoons","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Opinion videos","longTitle":"Opinion videos","url":"/type/video+tone/comment","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Letters","longTitle":"Letters","url":"/tone/letters","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false,"pillar":1},{"title":"Sport","longTitle":"Sport home","url":"/sport","children":[{"title":"Football","longTitle":"Football","url":"/football","children":[{"title":"Live scores","longTitle":"football/live","url":"/football/live","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Tables","longTitle":"football/tables","url":"/football/tables","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Fixtures","longTitle":"football/fixtures","url":"/football/fixtures","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Results","longTitle":"football/results","url":"/football/results","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Competitions","longTitle":"football/competitions","url":"/football/competitions","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Clubs","longTitle":"football/teams","url":"/football/teams","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Cricket","longTitle":"Cricket","url":"/sport/cricket","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Rugby union","longTitle":"Rugby union","url":"/sport/rugby-union","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Tennis","longTitle":"Tennis","url":"/sport/tennis","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Cycling","longTitle":"Cycling","url":"/sport/cycling","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"F1","longTitle":"F1","url":"/sport/formulaone","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Golf","longTitle":"Golf","url":"/sport/golf","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"US sports","longTitle":"US sports","url":"/sport/us-sport","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false,"pillar":2},{"title":"Culture","longTitle":"Culture home","url":"/culture","children":[{"title":"Books","longTitle":"Books","url":"/books","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Music","longTitle":"Music","url":"/music","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"TV & radio","longTitle":"TV & radio","url":"/tv-and-radio","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Art & design","longTitle":"Art & design","url":"/artanddesign","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Film","longTitle":"Film","url":"/film","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Games","longTitle":"Games","url":"/games","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Classical","longTitle":"Classical","url":"/music/classicalmusicandopera","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Stage","longTitle":"Stage","url":"/stage","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false,"pillar":3},{"title":"Lifestyle","longTitle":"Lifestyle home","url":"/lifeandstyle","children":[{"title":"Fashion","longTitle":"Fashion","url":"/fashion","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Food","longTitle":"Food","url":"/food","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Recipes","longTitle":"Recipes","url":"/tone/recipes","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Love & sex","longTitle":"Love & sex","url":"/lifeandstyle/love-and-sex","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Health & fitness","longTitle":"Health & fitness","url":"/lifeandstyle/health-and-wellbeing","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Home & garden","longTitle":"Home & garden","url":"/lifeandstyle/home-and-garden","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Women","longTitle":"Women","url":"/lifeandstyle/women","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Men","longTitle":"Men","url":"/lifeandstyle/men","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Family","longTitle":"Family","url":"/lifeandstyle/family","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Travel","longTitle":"Travel","url":"/travel","children":[{"title":"UK","longTitle":"UK","url":"/travel/uk","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Europe","longTitle":"Europe","url":"/travel/europe","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"US","longTitle":"US","url":"/travel/usa","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Money","longTitle":"Money","url":"/money","children":[{"title":"Property","longTitle":"Property","url":"/money/property","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Pensions","longTitle":"Pensions","url":"/money/pensions","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Savings","longTitle":"Savings","url":"/money/savings","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Borrowing","longTitle":"Borrowing","url":"/money/debt","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Careers","longTitle":"Careers","url":"/money/work-and-careers","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false,"pillar":4}],"otherLinks":[{"title":"The Guardian app","longTitle":"The Guardian app","url":"https://app.adjust.com/16xt6hai","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Video","longTitle":"Video","url":"/video","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Podcasts","longTitle":"Podcasts","url":"/podcasts","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Pictures","longTitle":"Pictures","url":"/inpictures","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Newsletters","longTitle":"Newsletters","url":"/email-newsletters","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Today's paper","longTitle":"Today's paper","url":"/theguardian","children":[{"title":"Obituaries","longTitle":"Obituaries","url":"/obituaries","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"G2","longTitle":"G2","url":"/theguardian/g2","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Journal","longTitle":"Journal","url":"/theguardian/journal","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Saturday","longTitle":"Saturday","url":"/theguardian/saturday","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Inside the Guardian","longTitle":"Inside the Guardian","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/insidetheguardian","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"The Observer","longTitle":"The Observer","url":"/observer","children":[{"title":"Comment","longTitle":"Comment","url":"/theobserver/news/comment","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"The New Review","longTitle":"The New Review","url":"/theobserver/new-review","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Observer Magazine","longTitle":"Observer Magazine","url":"/theobserver/magazine","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Observer Food Monthly","longTitle":"Observer Food Monthly","url":"/theobserver/foodmonthly","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Guardian Weekly","longTitle":"Guardian Weekly","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/weekly?INTCMP=gdnwb_mawns_editorial_gweekly_GW_TopNav_Int","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Crosswords","longTitle":"Crosswords","url":"/crosswords","children":[{"title":"Blog","longTitle":"Blog","url":"/crosswords/crossword-blog","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Quick","longTitle":"Quick","url":"/crosswords/series/quick","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Speedy","longTitle":"Speedy","url":"/crosswords/series/speedy","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Quick cryptic","longTitle":"Quick cryptic","url":"/crosswords/series/quick-cryptic","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Everyman","longTitle":"Everyman","url":"/crosswords/series/everyman","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Quiptic","longTitle":"Quiptic","url":"/crosswords/series/quiptic","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Cryptic","longTitle":"Cryptic","url":"/crosswords/series/cryptic","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Prize","longTitle":"Prize","url":"/crosswords/series/prize","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Azed","longTitle":"Azed","url":"/crosswords/series/azed","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Genius","longTitle":"Genius","url":"/crosswords/series/genius","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Weekend","longTitle":"Weekend","url":"/crosswords/series/weekend-crossword","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Special","longTitle":"Special","url":"/crosswords/series/special","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Wordiply","longTitle":"Wordiply","url":"https://www.wordiply.com","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Corrections","longTitle":"Corrections","url":"/theguardian/series/corrections-and-clarifications","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"brandExtensions":[{"title":"Search jobs","longTitle":"Search jobs","url":"https://jobs.theguardian.com","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Holidays","longTitle":"Holidays","url":"https://holidays.theguardian.com?INTCMP=holidays_int_web_newheader","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Digital Archive","longTitle":"Digital Archive","url":"https://theguardian.newspapers.com","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Guardian Licensing","longTitle":"Guardian Licensing","url":"https://licensing.theguardian.com/","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"About Us","longTitle":"About Us","url":"/about","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}],"currentNavLink":"TV & radio","subNavSections":{"links":[{"title":"Books","longTitle":"Books","url":"/books","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Music","longTitle":"Music","url":"/music","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"TV & radio","longTitle":"TV & radio","url":"/tv-and-radio","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Art & design","longTitle":"Art & design","url":"/artanddesign","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Film","longTitle":"Film","url":"/film","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Games","longTitle":"Games","url":"/games","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Classical","longTitle":"Classical","url":"/music/classicalmusicandopera","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Stage","longTitle":"Stage","url":"/stage","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}]},"readerRevenueLinks":{"header":{"subscribe":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=header_support_subscribe&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22header_support_subscribe%22%7D","support":"https://support.theguardian.com?INTCMP=header_support&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22header_support%22%7D","contribute":"https://support.theguardian.com/contribute?INTCMP=header_support_contribute&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22header_support_contribute%22%7D","supporter":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=header_supporter_cta&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22header_supporter_cta%22%7D"},"footer":{"subscribe":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=footer_support_subscribe&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22footer_support_subscribe%22%7D","support":"https://support.theguardian.com?INTCMP=footer_support&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22footer_support%22%7D","contribute":"https://support.theguardian.com/contribute?INTCMP=footer_support_contribute&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22footer_support_contribute%22%7D","supporter":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=footer_supporter_cta&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22footer_supporter_cta%22%7D"},"sideMenu":{"subscribe":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=side_menu_support_subscribe&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22side_menu_support_subscribe%22%7D","support":"https://support.theguardian.com?INTCMP=side_menu_support&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22side_menu_support%22%7D","contribute":"https://support.theguardian.com/contribute?INTCMP=side_menu_support_contribute&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22side_menu_support_contribute%22%7D","supporter":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=mobilenav_print_cta&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22mobilenav_print_cta%22%7D"},"ampHeader":{"subscribe":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=header_support_subscribe&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22header_support_subscribe%22%7D","support":"https://support.theguardian.com?INTCMP=amp_header_support&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22amp_header_support%22%7D","contribute":"https://support.theguardian.com/contribute?INTCMP=header_support_contribute&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22header_support_contribute%22%7D","supporter":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=header_supporter_cta&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22header_supporter_cta%22%7D"},"ampFooter":{"subscribe":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=amp_footer_support_subscribe&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22amp_footer_support_subscribe%22%7D","support":"https://support.theguardian.com?INTCMP=footer_support&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22footer_support%22%7D","contribute":"https://support.theguardian.com/contribute?INTCMP=amp_footer_support_contribute&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22amp_footer_support_contribute%22%7D","supporter":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=amp_footer_supporter_cta&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22amp_footer_supporter_cta%22%7D"}},"selectedPillar":3},"editionId":"INT","showSubNav":true,"showSlimNav":false,"hasPageSkin":false,"pageId":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank"}"><nav style="background-color:var(--masthead-nav-background);color:var(--masthead-nav-link-text);" class="dcr-5k6jfi"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () { /** The checkbox input element used to toggle the navigation menu. */ const navInputCheckbox = document.getElementById('header-nav-input-checkbox'); /** The veggie burger button element used to open/close the menu. */ const veggieBurger = document.getElementById('header-veggie-burger'); /** List of menu items that should be selectable when the menu is open. */ const expandedMenuClickableTags = document.querySelectorAll( '.selectableMenuItem', ); /** The root element of the expanded menu. */ const expandedMenu = document.getElementById('header-expanded-menu-root'); /** The label for the first column in the menu, assumed to be "News".*/ const firstColLabel = document.getElementById('News-button'); /** The link element in the second list item under news links. */ const firstColLink = document.querySelector( '#newsLinks > li:nth-of-type(2) > a', ); /** * Focuses on the first navigation element depending on whether the first column label is visible. * * If the first column label is not visible, the function focuses on the first link element. * Otherwise, it focuses on the first column label. */ const focusOnFirstNavElement = () => { if (window.getComputedStyle(firstColLabel).display === 'none') { firstColLink.focus(); } else { firstColLabel.focus(); } }; /** * Updates ARIA attributes and tabindex values based on whether the menu is open or closed. */ const updateAttributesForMenu = (isOpen) => { firstColLabel.setAttribute('aria-expanded', isOpen ? 'true' : 'false'); veggieBurger.setAttribute( 'data-link-name', isOpen ? 'header : veggie-burger : hide' : 'header : veggie-burger : show', ); expandedMenuClickableTags.forEach((tag) => { tag.setAttribute('tabindex', isOpen ? '0' : '-1'); }); }; /** Toggles the navigation menu by simulating a click on the checkbox. */ const toggleMainMenu = () => { if (navInputCheckbox) { navInputCheckbox.click(); } }; /** * Handles keydown events to toggle the menu when the Enter or Space key is pressed. */ const keydownToggleMainMenu = (e) => { if (e.key === 'Enter' || e.key === ' ') { e.preventDefault(); toggleMainMenu(); } }; /** * Handles click events to manage the state of the navigation menu. * * - Toggles the menu open/close state when the menu button (veggieBurger) is clicked. */ const handleMenuClick = (e) => { const menuButtonClicked = navInputCheckbox === e.target; const clickInsideMenu = expandedMenu.contains(e.target); const menuIsOpen = navInputCheckbox.checked if (menuButtonClicked && !menuIsOpen) { document.body.classList.toggle('nav-is-open') firstColLabel.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false') veggieBurger.setAttribute('data-link-name','header : veggie-burger : show') expandedMenuClickableTags.forEach(function($selectableElement){ $selectableElement.setAttribute('tabindex','-1') }) } else if (menuButtonClicked && menuIsOpen) { document.body.classList.toggle('nav-is-open') firstColLabel.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true') veggieBurger.setAttribute('data-link-name','header : veggie-burger : hide') expandedMenuClickableTags.forEach(function($selectableElement){ $selectableElement.setAttribute('tabindex','0') }) focusOnFirstNavElement() } }; /** Adds event listeners to manage the navigation menu. */ if (navInputCheckbox) { navInputCheckbox.addEventListener('click', handleMenuClick); veggieBurger.addEventListener('keydown', keydownToggleMainMenu); document.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => { if (e.key === 'Escape' && navInputCheckbox.checked) { toggleMainMenu(); veggieBurger.focus(); } }); /** * Handles mouse down events to manage the state of the navigation menu. * * - Closes the menu if the click occurs outside both the menu button and the expanded menu. */ document.addEventListener('mousedown', function(e){ if(navInputCheckbox.checked && !expandedMenu.contains(e.target) && !veggieBurger.contains(e.target)){ toggleMainMenu() } }); } });</script><div class="dcr-1jzii9a"><div class="dcr-1p6sy7j"><div class="dcr-1kbi9ft"><label for="checkbox-id-masthead-edition" class="dcr-1crstso">Int</label><input type="checkbox" id="checkbox-id-masthead-edition" aria-checked="false" tabIndex="-1"/><ul id="dropbox-id-masthead-edition" class="dcr-1lusb1s"><li><a href="/preference/edition/int" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : edition-picker: INT" class="dcr-64xqd0">International edition</a></li><li><a href="/preference/edition/uk" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : edition-picker: UK" class="dcr-i0vtpq">UK edition</a></li><li><a href="/preference/edition/us" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : edition-picker: US" class="dcr-i0vtpq">US edition</a></li><li><a href="/preference/edition/au" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : edition-picker: AU" class="dcr-i0vtpq">Australia edition</a></li><li><a href="/preference/edition/eur" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : edition-picker: EUR" class="dcr-i0vtpq">Europe edition</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="dcr-1apgfiu"><a href="/" data-link-name="header : logo"><span class="dcr-zramh4">The Guardian - Back to home</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 -3 300 100" fill="var(--masthead-nav-link-text)" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M0 70.8c0-19.5 13-26.4 27.3-26.4 6.1 0 12 1 15.1 2.3l.3 13.6h-1.4L33 47.2c-1.5-.7-2.8-.9-5.4-.9-7.6 0-11.5 8.8-11.4 23.3.1 17.3 3.1 25.1 10.2 25.1 1.8 0 3.2-.2 4.2-.7V75.5l-4.7-2.7v-1.5h22.5V73l-4.6 2.5v18.3a50.1 50.1 0 0 1-17 2.9C10.5 96.7 0 89 0 70.8Z"></path><path d="m142.8 57.9 1.2.1v11h.3c1.6-8 5.2-11 9.5-11 .7 0 1.5 0 1.9.2v11.2c-.7-.2-2-.2-3.1-.2-3.4 0-6 .6-8.2 1.6v21.7l3.4 1.9v1.4h-19.5v-1.4l3.5-2V63l-4.1-1.2v-1l15-2.8Z"></path><path d="M110.2 74v-4.9c0-7.4-1.6-9.9-6.2-9.9l-1.6.2-8.2 11h-1.1V60.3c3.5-1.1 7.9-2.4 13.7-2.4 10 0 15.8 2.8 15.8 11.1v24l3.6 1v1c-1.4.8-4.2 1.6-7.3 1.6-5 0-7.3-1.6-8.4-4.3h-.4c-2 2.8-5 4.4-9.7 4.4-6 0-10-3.7-10-10S94.2 77 102 75.5l8.1-1.6Zm0 16.6V75.8l-2.5.2c-4 .3-5.3 2.8-5.3 8.3 0 6 2 7.6 4.7 7.6 1.5 0 2.4-.5 3.1-1.3Z"></path><path d="M47.5 61.7v-1.1l15-2.7 1.7.2v29.6c0 3.6 1.7 4.7 4.6 4.7 1.9 0 3.6-.7 4.9-2.3V63.5l-4.1-1.8v-1.1l15-2.7 1.6.1v34l4 1.7v1l-14.9 1.9-1.5-.1V92h-.4a16.8 16.8 0 0 1-11.3 4.7c-7.2 0-10.5-4.2-10.5-10.7V63.5l-4.1-1.8Z"></path><path d="M261.5 92.5V63l-4.2-1.4v-1.5l15-2.7h1.5V62h.5c3.2-2.9 8-4.7 12.8-4.7 6.5 0 9.4 3 9.4 10v25.1l3.5 2v1.4h-19.5v-1.4l3.5-2V68c0-3.8-1.7-5.3-4.8-5.3-2 0-3.6.5-5.1 1.6v28.3l3.4 1.9v1.4h-19.6v-1.4l3.6-2Z"></path><path d="m214 57.8 1.4.2v34.5l3.4 1.9v1.4h-19.5v-1.4l3.5-2v-29l-4.2-1.6v-1.2l15.5-2.8Zm1.5-9.3c0 3.7-3.1 6.4-6.7 6.4a6.4 6.4 0 0 1-6.6-6.4c0-3.6 2.9-6.4 6.6-6.4 3.6 0 6.7 2.8 6.7 6.4Z"></path><path d="M239.8 74v-4.9c0-7.4-1.7-9.9-6.2-9.9l-1.6.2-8.2 11h-1.1V60.3c3.5-1.1 7.9-2.4 13.7-2.4 10 0 15.8 2.8 15.8 11.1v24l3.6 1v1c-1.4.8-4.2 1.6-7.4 1.6-5 0-7.3-1.6-8.4-4.3h-.3c-2 2.8-5 4.4-9.7 4.4-6 0-10-3.7-10-10s3.8-9.6 11.7-11.1l8-1.6Zm0 16.6V75.8l-2.5.2c-4 .3-5.4 2.8-5.4 8.3 0 6 2 7.6 4.8 7.6 1.5 0 2.4-.5 3-1.3Z"></path><path d="M180.6 58.8V47.2l-4.1-1.4v-1l15.2-2.7 1.5.2V92l4.2 1.5v1.3l-15 2-1.2-.2v-4h-.4a13.4 13.4 0 0 1-10 4.1c-8.1 0-14.1-6.2-14.1-19 0-13.5 7-20 17.5-20 3 0 5.3.5 6.4 1.1Zm0 31.8V61c-1-.6-1.7-1.4-4.2-1.3-4 .2-6.6 6.3-6.6 17.2 0 9.8 1.9 15.3 7.3 15.1 1.5 0 2.7-.6 3.5-1.3Z"></path><path d="m68.1 51.6 5.2-2.7V8.5h-4L60 21.1h-1.1l.6-14h41.3l.6 14H100L90.8 8.5h-4v40.3l5.2 2.7V53H68.1v-1.3Z"></path><path d="M105.4 49.8V5l-4-1.6v-.8L115.9 0h1.5v21.2l.4-.4c3.2-2.8 7.8-4.5 12.4-4.5 6.3 0 9.1 3.5 9.1 10.2v23.3l3.4 1.8V53h-18.9v-1.4l3.4-1.8V26.4c0-3.7-1.6-5.1-4.6-5.1a8 8 0 0 0-5 1.6v27l3.3 1.8V53h-19v-1.3l3.5-2Z"></path><path d="M153.7 36c.4 7.4 3.7 13.1 11.6 13.1 3.8 0 6.5-1.7 9-3v1.4c-1.9 2.7-6.9 6.5-13.8 6.5-12.2 0-18.5-6.8-18.5-18.5 0-11.5 6.8-18.6 17.9-18.6 10.3 0 15.7 5.2 15.7 18.8v.3h-21.9Zm-.2-1.7 10.8-.6c0-9.2-1.6-15.3-4.8-15.3-3.3 0-6 7-6 16Z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-1p0hins">The Guardian</span></a></div><input type="checkbox" id="header-nav-input-checkbox" name="more" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><div class="dcr-1p1neil"><ul class="dcr-1d6g26q"><li class="dcr-1grikph"><a href="/" style="--pillar-underline:#FF5943;" id="navigation" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : nav : primary : News" class="dcr-7612kl">News</a></li><li class="dcr-ks441s"><a href="/commentisfree" style="--pillar-underline:#FF7F0F;" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : nav : primary : Opinion" class="dcr-7612kl">Opinion</a></li><li class="dcr-ks441s"><a href="/sport" style="--pillar-underline:#00B2FF;" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : nav : primary : Sport" class="dcr-7612kl">Sport</a></li><li class="dcr-ks441s"><a href="/culture" style="--pillar-underline:#EACCA0;" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : nav : primary : Culture" class="dcr-1iufw7r">Culture</a></li><li class="dcr-1kcody2"><a href="/lifeandstyle" style="--pillar-underline:#FFABDB;" data-link-name="header : titlepiece : nav : primary : Lifestyle" class="dcr-7612kl">Lifestyle</a></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1hrapdy"><label id="header-veggie-burger" aria-label="Toggle main menu" for="header-nav-input-checkbox" data-link-name="header : veggie-burger : show" tabIndex="0" role="button" data-testid="veggie-burger" class="dcr-1xv1515"><span class="dcr-b3mn8w"><span class="dcr-1nvgr5i">Show more</span><svg width="26" viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M23 7V5H1v2zm0 6v-2H1v2zm0 6v-2H1v2z" fill="var(--masthead-veggie-burger-icon)"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-li5n90"><span class="dcr-1nvgr5i">Hide expanded menu</span><svg width="26" viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.015 14.042 20.707 22 22 20.709 14.06 12 22 3.291 20.707 2l-8.692 7.958L3.293 2.03 2 3.321 9.97 12 2 20.679l1.293 1.291z" fill="var(--masthead-veggie-burger-icon)"></path></svg></span></label></div><div id="header-expanded-menu-root" class="dcr-1ef3v4m"><div id="header-expanded-menu" data-testid="expanded-menu" class="dcr-14vdg2"><div class="dcr-1srap2j"><div class="dcr-10y96fo"><ul role="menubar" data-testid="nav-menu-columns" class="dcr-6sl420"><li role="none" class="dcr-lpsfc3"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var columnInput = document.getElementById('News-button'); if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test. columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){ // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) { e.preventDefault() document.getElementById('News-checkbox-input').click(); } }) })</script><input type="checkbox" id="News-checkbox-input" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><label id="News-button" aria-label="Toggle News" for="News-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="newsLinks" tabIndex="-1" role="menuitem" data-testid="column-collapse-News" data-link-name="header : secondary : News" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-o6rk0u">News</label><ul role="menu" id="newsLinks" data-testid="newsLinks" class="dcr-11vt4tq"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : View all News" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-News" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">View all News</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/world" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : World news" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-World" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">World news</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/us-news/us-politics" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : US politics" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-US politics" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">US politics</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/uk-news" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : UK news" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-UK" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">UK news</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/environment/climate-crisis" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Climate crisis" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Climate crisis" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Climate crisis</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/world/middleeast" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Middle East" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Middle East" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Middle East</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/world/ukraine" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Ukraine" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Ukraine" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Ukraine</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/environment" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Environment" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Environment" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Environment</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/science" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Science" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Science" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Science</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/global-development" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Global development" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Global development" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Global development</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/football" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Football" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Football" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Football</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/technology" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Tech" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Tech" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Tech</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/business" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Business" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Business" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Business</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/obituaries" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Obituaries" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Obituaries" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Obituaries</a></li></ul><div class="dcr-1tnoaxa"></div></li><li role="none" class="dcr-lpsfc3"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var columnInput = document.getElementById('Opinion-button'); if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test. columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){ // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) { e.preventDefault() document.getElementById('Opinion-checkbox-input').click(); } }) })</script><input type="checkbox" id="Opinion-checkbox-input" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><label id="Opinion-button" aria-label="Toggle Opinion" for="Opinion-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="opinionLinks" tabIndex="-1" role="menuitem" data-testid="column-collapse-Opinion" data-link-name="header : secondary : Opinion" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-p0c3jt">Opinion</label><ul role="menu" id="opinionLinks" data-testid="opinionLinks" class="dcr-v7ibvm"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/commentisfree" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : View all Opinion" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Opinion" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">View all Opinion</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/profile/editorial" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : The Guardian view" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-The Guardian view" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">The Guardian view</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/index/contributors" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Columnists" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Columnists" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Columnists</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/tone/cartoons" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Cartoons" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Cartoons" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Cartoons</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/type/video+tone/comment" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Opinion videos" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Opinion videos" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Opinion videos</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/tone/letters" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Letters" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Letters" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Letters</a></li></ul><div class="dcr-1j2dgzz"></div></li><li role="none" class="dcr-lpsfc3"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var columnInput = document.getElementById('Sport-button'); if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test. columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){ // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) { e.preventDefault() document.getElementById('Sport-checkbox-input').click(); } }) })</script><input type="checkbox" id="Sport-checkbox-input" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><label id="Sport-button" aria-label="Toggle Sport" for="Sport-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="sportLinks" tabIndex="-1" role="menuitem" data-testid="column-collapse-Sport" data-link-name="header : secondary : Sport" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-10b2o1s">Sport</label><ul role="menu" id="sportLinks" data-testid="sportLinks" class="dcr-wp8bgr"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/sport" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : View all Sport" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Sport" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">View all Sport</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/football" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Football" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Football" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Football</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/sport/cricket" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Cricket" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Cricket" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Cricket</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/sport/rugby-union" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Rugby union" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Rugby union" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Rugby union</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/sport/tennis" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Tennis" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Tennis" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Tennis</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/sport/cycling" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Cycling" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Cycling" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Cycling</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/sport/formulaone" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : F1" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-F1" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">F1</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/sport/golf" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Golf" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Golf" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Golf</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/sport/us-sport" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : US sports" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-US sports" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">US sports</a></li></ul><div class="dcr-16q8bto"></div></li><li role="none" class="dcr-lpsfc3"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var columnInput = document.getElementById('Culture-button'); if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test. columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){ // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) { e.preventDefault() document.getElementById('Culture-checkbox-input').click(); } }) })</script><input type="checkbox" id="Culture-checkbox-input" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><label id="Culture-button" aria-label="Toggle Culture" for="Culture-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="cultureLinks" tabIndex="-1" role="menuitem" data-testid="column-collapse-Culture" data-link-name="header : secondary : Culture" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-x5fwww">Culture</label><ul role="menu" id="cultureLinks" data-testid="cultureLinks" class="dcr-1yytfii"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/culture" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : View all Culture" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Culture" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">View all Culture</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/books" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Books" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Books" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Books</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/music" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Music" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Music" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Music</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/tv-and-radio" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : TV & radio" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-TV & radio" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">TV & radio</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/artanddesign" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Art & design" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Art & design" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Art & design</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/film" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Film" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Film" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Film</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/games" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Games" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Games" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Games</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/music/classicalmusicandopera" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Classical" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Classical" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Classical</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/stage" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Stage" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Stage" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Stage</a></li></ul><div class="dcr-6zq80y"></div></li><li role="none" class="dcr-lpsfc3"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var columnInput = document.getElementById('Lifestyle-button'); if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test. columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){ // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) { e.preventDefault() document.getElementById('Lifestyle-checkbox-input').click(); } }) })</script><input type="checkbox" id="Lifestyle-checkbox-input" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><label id="Lifestyle-button" aria-label="Toggle Lifestyle" for="Lifestyle-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="lifestyleLinks" tabIndex="-1" role="menuitem" data-testid="column-collapse-Lifestyle" data-link-name="header : secondary : Lifestyle" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-yq9plo">Lifestyle</label><ul role="menu" id="lifestyleLinks" data-testid="lifestyleLinks" class="dcr-1utnfys"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/lifeandstyle" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : View all Lifestyle" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Lifestyle" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">View all Lifestyle</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/fashion" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Fashion" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Fashion" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Fashion</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/food" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Food" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Food" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Food</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/tone/recipes" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Recipes" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Recipes" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Recipes</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/lifeandstyle/love-and-sex" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Love & sex" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Love & sex" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Love & sex</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/lifeandstyle/health-and-wellbeing" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Health & fitness" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Health & fitness" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Health & fitness</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/lifeandstyle/home-and-garden" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Home & garden" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Home & garden" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Home & garden</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/lifeandstyle/women" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Women" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Women" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Women</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/lifeandstyle/men" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Men" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Men" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Men</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/lifeandstyle/family" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Family" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Family" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Family</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/travel" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Travel" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Travel" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Travel</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/money" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Money" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Money" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Money</a></li></ul></li><span class="dcr-90inr0"><li role="none"><form action="https://www.google.co.uk/search" class="dcr-1jjnk9d"><label for="gu-search" class="dcr-0"><div class="dcr-6v110l">Search input </div></label><input type="text" id="gu-search" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" aria-describedby required name="q" placeholder="Search the Guardian" data-link-name="header : search" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-qcy5wo"/><label for="gu-search" class="dcr-0"><div class="dcr-6v110l">google-search </div><div class="dcr-radnun"><svg width="30" viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.273 2c4.023 0 7.25 3.295 7.25 7.273a7.226 7.226 0 0 1-7.25 7.25C5.25 16.523 2 13.296 2 9.273 2 5.295 5.25 2 9.273 2m0 1.84A5.403 5.403 0 0 0 3.84 9.274c0 3 2.409 5.454 5.432 5.454 3 0 5.454-2.454 5.454-5.454 0-3.023-2.454-5.432-5.454-5.432m7.295 10.887L22 20.16 20.16 22l-5.433-5.432v-.932l.91-.909z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-1p0hins">Search</span></div></label><button type="submit" aria-live="polite" aria-label="Search with Google" data-link-name="header : search : submit" tabIndex="-1" class="dcr-1gsboxi"><div class="src-button-space"></div><svg width="30" viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1 12.956h18.274l-7.167 8.575.932.932L23 12.478v-.956l-9.96-9.985-.932.932 7.166 8.575H1z"></path></svg></button><input type="hidden" name="as_sitesearch" value="www.theguardian.com"/></form></li></span><div class="dcr-1q09wwq"></div><ul role="menu" class="dcr-e1bf28"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="https://support.theguardian.com?INTCMP=side_menu_support&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22side_menu_support%22%7D" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Support us" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Support us" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1rg7stg">Support us</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe/weekly?REFPVID=undefined&INTCMP=undefined&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22%3A%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22%2C%22componentId%22%3A%22PrintSubscriptionsHeaderLink%22%2C%22componentType%22%3A%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22%2C%22referrerUrl%22%3A%22%22%7D" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Print subscriptions" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Print subscriptions" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1rg7stg">Print subscriptions</a></li></ul><li role="none" class="dcr-3ae42h"><ul role="menu" id="moreLinks" class="dcr-1mtufo3"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="https://jobs.theguardian.com" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Search jobs" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Search jobs" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Search jobs</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="https://holidays.theguardian.com?INTCMP=holidays_int_web_newheader" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Holidays" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Holidays" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Holidays</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="https://theguardian.newspapers.com" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Digital Archive" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Digital Archive" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Digital Archive</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="https://licensing.theguardian.com/" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Guardian Licensing" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Guardian Licensing" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Guardian Licensing</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/about" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : About Us" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-About Us" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">About Us</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="https://app.adjust.com/16xt6hai" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : The Guardian app" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-The Guardian app" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">The Guardian app</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/video" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Video" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Video" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Video</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/podcasts" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Podcasts" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Podcasts" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Podcasts</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/inpictures" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Pictures" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Pictures" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Pictures</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/email-newsletters" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Newsletters" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Newsletters" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Newsletters</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/theguardian" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Today's paper" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Today's paper" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Today's paper</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/insidetheguardian" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Inside the Guardian" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Inside the Guardian" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Inside the Guardian</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/observer" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : The Observer" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-The Observer" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">The Observer</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/weekly?INTCMP=gdnwb_mawns_editorial_gweekly_GW_TopNav_Int" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Guardian Weekly" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Guardian Weekly" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Guardian Weekly</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/crosswords" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Crosswords" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Crosswords" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Crosswords</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="https://www.wordiply.com" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Wordiply" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Wordiply" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Wordiply</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/theguardian/series/corrections-and-clarifications" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Corrections" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Corrections" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Corrections</a></li></ul></li><li role="none" class="dcr-1rinrec"><form action="https://www.google.co.uk/search" class="dcr-1jjnk9d"><label for="gu-search" class="dcr-0"><div class="dcr-6v110l">Search input </div></label><input type="text" id="gu-search" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" aria-describedby required name="q" placeholder="Search the Guardian" data-link-name="header : search" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-qcy5wo"/><label for="gu-search" class="dcr-0"><div class="dcr-6v110l">google-search </div><div class="dcr-radnun"><svg width="30" viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.273 2c4.023 0 7.25 3.295 7.25 7.273a7.226 7.226 0 0 1-7.25 7.25C5.25 16.523 2 13.296 2 9.273 2 5.295 5.25 2 9.273 2m0 1.84A5.403 5.403 0 0 0 3.84 9.274c0 3 2.409 5.454 5.432 5.454 3 0 5.454-2.454 5.454-5.454 0-3.023-2.454-5.432-5.454-5.432m7.295 10.887L22 20.16 20.16 22l-5.433-5.432v-.932l.91-.909z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-1p0hins">Search</span></div></label><button type="submit" aria-live="polite" aria-label="Search with Google" data-link-name="header : search : submit" tabIndex="-1" class="dcr-1gsboxi"><div class="src-button-space"></div><svg width="30" viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1 12.956h18.274l-7.167 8.575.932.932L23 12.478v-.956l-9.96-9.985-.932.932 7.166 8.575H1z"></path></svg></button><input type="hidden" name="as_sitesearch" value="www.theguardian.com"/></form><ul role="menu" class="dcr-iwod0p"><li class="dcr-nnfu1a"><a href="https://jobs.theguardian.com" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : brand extension : Search jobs" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-e3rvah">Search jobs</a></li><li class="dcr-nnfu1a"><a href="https://holidays.theguardian.com?INTCMP=holidays_int_web_newheader" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : brand extension : Holidays" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-e3rvah">Holidays</a></li><li class="dcr-nnfu1a"><a href="https://theguardian.newspapers.com" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : brand extension : Digital Archive" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-e3rvah">Digital Archive</a></li><li class="dcr-nnfu1a"><a href="https://licensing.theguardian.com/" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : brand extension : Guardian Licensing" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-e3rvah">Guardian Licensing</a></li><li class="dcr-nnfu1a"><a href="/about" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : brand extension : About Us" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-e3rvah">About Us</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div data-print-layout="hide" data-testid="sub-nav" data-component="sub-nav" class="dcr-mu6xev"><ul role="list" style="--sub-nav-link:var(--sub-nav-link-header);" class="dcr-12t3ay9"><li class="dcr-5wkng0"><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/books" data-link-name="header : subnav : Books" class="dcr-15o3dy0">Books</a></li><li class="dcr-5wkng0"><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/music" data-link-name="header : subnav : Music" class="dcr-15o3dy0">Music</a></li><li class="dcr-5wkng0"><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/tv-and-radio" data-link-name="header : subnav : TV & radio" class="dcr-15o3dy0"><span class="dcr-3qh43d">TV & radio</span></a></li><li class="dcr-5wkng0"><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/artanddesign" data-link-name="header : subnav : Art & design" class="dcr-15o3dy0">Art & design</a></li><li class="dcr-5wkng0"><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/film" data-link-name="header : subnav : Film" class="dcr-15o3dy0">Film</a></li><li class="dcr-5wkng0"><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/games" data-link-name="header : subnav : Games" class="dcr-15o3dy0">Games</a></li><li class="dcr-5wkng0"><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/music/classicalmusicandopera" data-link-name="header : subnav : Classical" class="dcr-15o3dy0">Classical</a></li><li class="dcr-5wkng0"><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/stage" data-link-name="header : subnav : Stage" class="dcr-15o3dy0">Stage</a></li></ul><div class="dcr-1ikn05z"></div></div></nav></gu-island></header></div><main data-layout="ShowcaseLayout" id="maincontent"><article style="background-color:var(--article-background);" class="dcr-1xdhyk6"><div style="border-color:var(--article-border);" class="dcr-wqti5a"><div class="dcr-1fw0voq"><div style="--grid-area:media;" data-gu-name="media" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-1j5hrwi"><div class="dcr-hlfdy3"><figure id="e768e0f3-9c85-4ea1-90c6-5df98f69276a" class="dcr-142siv7"><div id="img-1" class="dcr-1t8m8f2"><picture class="dcr-evn1e9"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=1020&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 1300px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 1300px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=1020&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 1300px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=940&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 1140px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 1140px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=940&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 1140px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=700&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=700&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=660&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 660px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 660px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=660&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 660px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=645&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 480px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=645&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 480px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=465&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=465&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Tim Robbins in Silo" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eefd188382454181e3fa5bfb5eeecae3591f465e/10_678_4764_2858/master/4764.jpg?width=465&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" width="465" height="278.9609571788413" loading="eager" class="dcr-evn1e9"/></picture><span class="dcr-v822l1"><div class="dcr-gup2gr"><div class="dcr-zy1nbx"><label for="the-checkbox" class="dcr-1xgwz8b"><svg width="6" height="14" fill="white" viewBox="0 0 6 14"><path d="M4.6 12l-.4 1.4c-.7.2-1.9.6-3 .6-.7 0-1.2-.2-1.2-.9 0-.2 0-.3.1-.5l2-6.7H.7l.4-1.5 4.2-.6h.2L3 12h1.6zm-.3-9.2c-.9 0-1.4-.5-1.4-1.3C2.9.5 3.7 0 4.6 0 5.4 0 6 .5 6 1.3c0 1-.8 1.5-1.7 1.5z"></path></svg></label><input type="checkbox" id="the-checkbox"/> <div id="the-caption"><figcaption data-spacefinder-role="inline" class="dcr-1ie0kc7"><span class="dcr-1inf02i"><svg width="18" height="13" viewBox="0 0 18 13"><path d="M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-1qvd3m6">Going underground … Tim Robbins in Silo.</span> Photograph: Jason Bell/Apple TV+</figcaption></div></div></div></span><a href="#img-1" data-ignore="global-link-styling" aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="open-lightbox dcr-13fd1ms"><button data-element-id="e768e0f3-9c85-4ea1-90c6-5df98f69276a" type="button" aria-haspopup="dialog" class="open-lightbox dcr-4tmywn"><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M23 8.75V1.5l-.5-.5h-7.25v1.25l4.5.6L14 8.575 15.4 10l5.75-5.725.6 4.475zm-22 6.5v7.25l.475.5h7.25v-1.25l-4.475-.6 5.725-5.775L8.6 14l-5.775 5.725-.575-4.475z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-194i6pr">View image in fullscreen</span></button></a></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><figcaption data-spacefinder-role="inline" class="dcr-1fujct4"><span class="dcr-1inf02i"><svg width="18" height="13" viewBox="0 0 18 13"><path d="M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-1qvd3m6">Going underground … Tim Robbins in Silo.</span> Photograph: Jason Bell/Apple TV+</figcaption></span></figure></div></div></div><aside style="--grid-area:title;" data-gu-name="title" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-10355cg"><div class="dcr-0"><span class="dcr-1v9xu6e"></span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/television" data-component="section" data-link-name="article section" class="content__label__link dcr-qmfkju"><span>Television</span></a></div></div></aside><div style="--grid-area:border;" data-gu-name="border" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-upmzd8"></div></div><div style="--grid-area:headline;" data-gu-name="headline" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-14qe9do"><div class="dcr-14emo0l"><div class="dcr-2xdylj"><div class="dcr-13fq93x"><div class="dcr-47lvke"><a href="/tone/interview" class="dcr-epjkf7">Interview</a></div></div><h1 class="dcr-wfjs2f"><span class="dcr-191bsoy">Tim Robbins: ‘You’re telling me Netflix is the future of cinema? We’re in big trouble’</span></h1><div class="dcr-16on7cv"><div class="dcr-1rjfcod"><a rel="author" data-link-name="auto tag link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/profile/gwilym-mumford">Gwilym Mumford</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="--grid-area:standfirst;" data-gu-name="standfirst" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class=" dcr-w09sr0"><p>With Silo, the actor – known for his strong political stances – is still choosing roles he truly believes in that echo real life. But he’s now concerned about the wider future of his own industry, too</p></div></div><aside style="--grid-area:meta;" data-gu-name="meta" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-14emo0l"><div class="dcr-ich95x"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="13" viewBox="0 0 1300 13" preserveAspectRatio="none" stroke="var(--straight-lines)" stroke-width="1" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="dcr-194w08h"><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="0.5" y2="0.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="4.5" y2="4.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="8.5" y2="8.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="12.5" y2="12.5"></line></svg></div></div><div class="dcr-bjqdol"><div class=" dcr-1v9sla6"><div class="dcr-5oiine"><div class="dcr-1kpcv08"><div class="dcr-1r4u1x3"><picture class="dcr-1gesx20"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2022/11/07/Gwilym_Mumford_Next_Gen.png?width=140&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2022/11/07/Gwilym_Mumford_Next_Gen.png?width=140&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2022/11/07/Gwilym_Mumford_Next_Gen.png?width=75&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2022/11/07/Gwilym_Mumford_Next_Gen.png?width=75&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Gwilym Mumford" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2022/11/07/Gwilym_Mumford_Next_Gen.png?width=75&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" class="dcr-1yduq3m"/></picture></div><div><address aria-label="Contributor info" data-component="meta-byline" data-link-name="byline"></address><div style="--mobile-color:inherit;" class="dcr-1pexjb9">Sat 23 Nov 2024 11.55 GMT</div></div></div><div data-print-layout="hide" class="dcr-9dgpdq"><div class=" dcr-16lnb0w"><gu-island name="ShareButton" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"pageId":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank","webTitle":"Tim Robbins: ‘You’re telling me Netflix is the future of cinema? We’re in big trouble’","format":{"design":15,"display":2,"theme":3},"context":"ArticleMeta"}"><a href="mailto:?subject=Tim Robbins: ‘You’re telling me Netflix is the future of cinema? We’re in big trouble’&body=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank?CMP=share_btn_url" type="button" class="dcr-bao4ku">Share<div class="src-button-space"></div><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M19 16c1.675 0 3 1.35 3 3 0 1.675-1.325 3-3 3a2.97 2.97 0 0 1-2.975-3c0-.125 0-.275.025-.375L7.1 14.15a2.9 2.9 0 0 1-2.075.825C3.325 14.975 2 13.65 2 12a3.004 3.004 0 0 1 3.025-3.025c.775 0 1.5.35 2.075.875l8.95-4.475c-.025-.1-.025-.225-.025-.4A2.966 2.966 0 0 1 19 2c1.675 0 3 1.325 3 2.975C22 6.65 20.675 8 19 8c-.8 0-1.475-.325-2.05-.825l-8.975 4.45C8 11.7 8 11.825 8 12s0 .3-.025.375l8.975 4.45c.575-.5 1.25-.825 2.05-.825m0-12.8c-.975 0-1.8.775-1.8 1.775S18.025 6.8 19 6.8c1 0 1.825-.825 1.825-1.825S20 3.2 19 3.2m0 17.6c1 0 1.825-.825 1.825-1.8 0-1-.825-1.8-1.825-1.8-.975 0-1.8.8-1.8 1.8 0 .975.825 1.8 1.8 1.8"></path></svg></a></gu-island></div><div class=" dcr-1csot3r"><div class="dcr-14baf59"><div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="dcr-fu29fd"><span class="dcr-1lhv23l"><gu-island name="ExpandableMarketingCardWrapper" priority="enhancement" deferUntil="visible" props="{"guardianBaseURL":"https://www.theguardian.com"}"></gu-island></span></div></div></aside><div style="--grid-area:body;" data-gu-name="body" class="dcr-1upb05m"><span class="dcr-1iz7gbk"><gu-island name="ExpandableMarketingCardWrapper" priority="enhancement" deferUntil="idle" props="{"guardianBaseURL":"https://www.theguardian.com"}"></gu-island></span><div class="dcr-1a4fred"><div id="maincontent" class="dcr-1bwys2b"><div class="article-body-commercial-selector article-body-viewer-selector dcr-1q6n3e0"><p class="dcr-106f06m"><span style="color:var(--drop-cap);font-weight:700;" class="dcr-15rw6c2">B</span>efore I speak to <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/tim-robbins" data-link-name="in body link" data-component="auto-linked-tag">Tim Robbins</a>, the publicist for the series that he’s promoting, Apple TV+’s dystopian drama Silo, politely requests that our conversation sticks to the show and his wider career. No politics please. It’s a brave attempt at reputation management, and also a completely doomed one. Because, well … this is Tim Robbins! Has there ever been a Hollywood star more associated with the free mixing of performance and politics?</p><p class="dcr-106f06m">This is the man, after all, who was banned, along with his then partner Susan Sarandon, from presenting at the Oscars after using <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/feb/25/before-oscarssowhite-five-previous-academy-awards-controversies" data-link-name="in body link">their hosting stint at the 1993 ceremony</a> to draw attention to the plight of Haitians being held in Guantánamo Bay; who, again along with Sarandon, became a hate figure after forcefully opposing the war in Iraq; and who – in marionette form, at least – came to a fiery end as a liberal do-gooder taking on the Team America: World Police puppets.</p><div id="sign-in-gate"><gu-island name="SignInGateSelector" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"contentType":"Article","sectionId":"tv-and-radio","tags":[{"id":"culture/television","type":"Keyword","title":"Television"},{"id":"film/tim-robbins","type":"Keyword","title":"Tim Robbins"},{"id":"tv-and-radio/science-fiction","type":"Keyword","title":"Science fiction TV"},{"id":"tv-and-radio/drama","type":"Keyword","title":"Drama"},{"id":"film/film","type":"Keyword","title":"Film"},{"id":"culture/culture","type":"Keyword","title":"Culture"},{"id":"campaign/email/inside-saturday","type":"Campaign","title":"Inside Saturday (newsletter signup)"},{"id":"tv-and-radio/tv-and-radio","type":"Keyword","title":"Television & radio"},{"id":"film/film-industry","type":"Keyword","title":"Film industry"},{"id":"type/article","type":"Type","title":"Article"},{"id":"tone/interview","type":"Tone","title":"Interviews"},{"id":"profile/gwilym-mumford","type":"Contributor","title":"Gwilym Mumford","bylineImageUrl":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2022/11/07/Gwilym_Mumford.jpg?width=300&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=a4f87ae63e08479afd96a824b2af6855","bylineLargeImageUrl":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2022/11/07/Gwilym_Mumford_Next_Gen.png?width=300&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=6fca0117d853681028762ff72ac5a590"},{"id":"publication/theguardian","type":"Publication","title":"The Guardian"},{"id":"theguardian/saturday","type":"NewspaperBook","title":"Saturday"},{"id":"theguardian/saturday/culture","type":"NewspaperBookSection","title":"Culture"},{"id":"tracking/commissioningdesk/saturday-magazine","type":"Tracking","title":"Saturday Magazine"}],"isPaidContent":false,"isPreview":false,"host":"https://www.theguardian.com","pageId":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank","idUrl":"https://profile.theguardian.com","switches":{"externalVideoEmbeds":true,"abSignInGateMainVariant":true,"lightbox":true,"abGpidPrebidAdUnits":true,"prebidAppnexusUkRow":true,"prebidMagnite":true,"commercialMetrics":true,"prebidTrustx":true,"scAdFreeBanner":false,"adaptiveSite":true,"prebidPermutiveAudience":true,"compareVariantDecision":false,"enableSentryReporting":true,"lazyLoadContainers":true,"ampArticleSwitch":true,"remarketing":true,"articleEndSlot":true,"keyEventsCarousel":true,"registerWithPhone":false,"darkModeWeb":true,"targeting":true,"remoteHeader":true,"slotBodyEnd":true,"prebidImproveDigitalSkins":false,"ampPrebidOzone":true,"extendedMostPopularFronts":true,"emailInlineInFooter":true,"showNewPrivacyWordingOnEmailSignupEmbeds":true,"prebidAnalytics":true,"extendedMostPopular":true,"ampContentAbTesting":false,"prebidCriteo":true,"okta":true,"imrWorldwide":true,"acast":true,"twitterUwt":true,"prebidAppnexusInvcode":true,"ampPrebidPubmatic":true,"abUsaExpandableMarketingCard":true,"a9HeaderBidding":true,"prebidAppnexus":true,"abOnwardsContentArticle":false,"enableDiscussionSwitch":true,"prebidXaxis":true,"stickyVideos":true,"interactiveFullHeaderSwitch":true,"discussionAllPageSize":true,"prebidUserSync":true,"audioOnwardJourneySwitch":true,"brazeTaylorReport":false,"callouts":true,"sentinelLogger":true,"geoMostPopular":true,"weAreHiring":false,"relatedContent":true,"thirdPartyEmbedTracking":true,"prebidOzone":true,"ampLiveblogSwitch":true,"ampAmazon":true,"prebidAdYouLike":true,"mostViewedFronts":true,"optOutAdvertising":true,"abSignInGateMainControl":true,"googleSearch":true,"disableFrontContainerShowHide":true,"abOptOutFrequencyCap":true,"brazeSwitch":true,"prebidKargo":true,"consentManagement":true,"personaliseSignInGateAfterCheckout":true,"prebidSonobi":true,"idProfileNavigation":true,"confiantAdVerification":true,"discussionAllowAnonymousRecommendsSwitch":false,"absoluteServerTimes":false,"permutive":true,"comscore":true,"ampPrebidCriteo":true,"newsletterOnwards":false,"youtubeIma":true,"webFonts":true,"liveBlogTopSponsorship":true,"prebidImproveDigital":false,"abAdBlockAsk":false,"ophan":true,"crosswordSvgThumbnails":true,"prebidTriplelift":true,"weather":true,"prebidPubmatic":true,"serverShareCounts":false,"autoRefresh":true,"enhanceTweets":true,"prebidIndexExchange":true,"prebidOpenx":true,"prebidHeaderBidding":true,"idCookieRefresh":true,"discussionPageSize":true,"smartAppBanner":false,"abNewHeaderBiddingEndpoint":true,"historyTags":true,"brazeContentCards":true,"remoteBanner":true,"emailSignupRecaptcha":true,"prebidSmart":true,"shouldLoadGoogletag":true,"inizio":true,"europeBetaFront":true}}"></gu-island></div><p class="dcr-106f06m">The three fiction films he has directed have all felt strikingly political, too: Dead Man Walking (1995) affectingly told the story of a death row inmate; Cradle Will Rock (1999) considered art and socialism in the roiling 1930s; and, most memorably, the 1992 satire Bob Roberts imagined the political rise of a folk-singing rightwing firebrand, and has regularly been reached for by liberals hoping to making sense of the US’s former – and future – president.</p><figure id="9e96dbd8-d170-428e-8101-d52bf62f7dcf" data-spacefinder-role="inline" data-spacefinder-type="model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.VideoYoutubeBlockElement" class=" dcr-173mewl"><div data-component="youtube-embed" class="dcr-13aa88h"><div class="dcr-1wp93rs"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/CLJDR-vFUdY?wmode=opaque&feature=oembed" title="Silo - Season 2 Official Trailer | Apple TV+" height="480" width="854" allowFullScreen></iframe></div></div></figure><p class="dcr-106f06m">It’s of little surprise then that throughout our interview Robbins instinctively turns to politics to explain his work, or his work to explain politics, from the prescience of Bob Roberts (“The warnings about the influence of media on political process were obvious for me back then … the film still holds its power”) to the parallels between Silo and the pandemic. What’s more surprising is that he doesn’t see the art he makes as responding to politics, per se. “[Making sense of] the political moment, that’s a little boring for me,” he says. “But the social moment, I’m always fascinated by. What the movements of cultures are, how they react to the challenges of their day.”</p><aside data-spacefinder-role="inline" class="dcr-nyoej5"><svg viewBox="0 0 22 14" style="fill:var(--pullquote-icon);" class="dcr-scql1j"><path d="M5.255 0h4.75c-.572 4.53-1.077 8.972-1.297 13.941H0C.792 9.104 2.44 4.53 5.255 0Zm11.061 0H21c-.506 4.53-1.077 8.972-1.297 13.941h-8.686c.902-4.837 2.485-9.411 5.3-13.941Z"></path></svg><blockquote class="dcr-zzndwp">You go on Netflix right now and you tell me that’s the future of cinema? We’re in big trouble</blockquote></aside><p class="dcr-106f06m">When we speak, Robbins first appears as a brown smear: he is running late after a long afternoon bike ride, and is trying to conduct the interview on his phone while cycling, but the camera is facing the wrong way, so all I can see is the muddy road in front of him. To add to the chaos, his phone battery is at a dangerously low level and might cut out at any minute. “There’s a lot of tension here,” he jokes. He does eventually make it home – battery still just about clinging on – to the London residence he’s staying in while filming a top-secret project (“I’m here till April, although I can’t tell you why”).</p><p class="dcr-106f06m">When he finally figures out how to work the camera, I’m greeted by a very different figure to the boyish star we all remember from <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2013/nov/25/top-10-sports-movies" data-link-name="in body link">Bull Durham</a> and The Shawshank Redemption. Today the 66-year-old sports a bushy white beard, which along with his tendency to chuckle mid-answer, undercuts some of his more doom-laden pronouncements about the state of the world. (“I’m a big student of history, and we see, unfortunately, mankind always heading towards the same mistakes.”)</p><figure id="2d19d55a-b004-4a65-bf8f-8868fba64aaa" data-spacefinder-role="inline" data-spacefinder-type="model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.ImageBlockElement" class=" dcr-173mewl"><div id="img-2" class="dcr-1t8m8f2"><picture class="dcr-evn1e9"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9c68e1f70b29c88d4b80e5eb95dd8757d8a65d45/0_106_1631_979/master/1631.jpg?width=620&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 660px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 660px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9c68e1f70b29c88d4b80e5eb95dd8757d8a65d45/0_106_1631_979/master/1631.jpg?width=620&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 660px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9c68e1f70b29c88d4b80e5eb95dd8757d8a65d45/0_106_1631_979/master/1631.jpg?width=605&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 480px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9c68e1f70b29c88d4b80e5eb95dd8757d8a65d45/0_106_1631_979/master/1631.jpg?width=605&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 480px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9c68e1f70b29c88d4b80e5eb95dd8757d8a65d45/0_106_1631_979/master/1631.jpg?width=445&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9c68e1f70b29c88d4b80e5eb95dd8757d8a65d45/0_106_1631_979/master/1631.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Robbins with Alan Rickman in Bob Roberts." src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/9c68e1f70b29c88d4b80e5eb95dd8757d8a65d45/0_106_1631_979/master/1631.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" width="445" height="267.1091354996934" loading="lazy" class="dcr-evn1e9"/></picture><a href="#img-2" data-ignore="global-link-styling" aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="open-lightbox dcr-13fd1ms"><button data-element-id="2d19d55a-b004-4a65-bf8f-8868fba64aaa" type="button" aria-haspopup="dialog" class="open-lightbox dcr-4tmywn"><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M23 8.75V1.5l-.5-.5h-7.25v1.25l4.5.6L14 8.575 15.4 10l5.75-5.725.6 4.475zm-22 6.5v7.25l.475.5h7.25v-1.25l-4.475-.6 5.725-5.775L8.6 14l-5.775 5.725-.575-4.475z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-194i6pr">View image in fullscreen</span></button></a></div><figcaption data-spacefinder-role="inline" class="dcr-1fujct4"><span class="dcr-1inf02i"><svg width="18" height="13" viewBox="0 0 18 13"><path d="M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-1qvd3m6">Playing politics … Robbins with Alan Rickman in Bob Roberts.</span> Photograph: Working Title Films/Allstar</figcaption></figure><p class="dcr-106f06m">Silo definitely fits Robbins’s definition of a show that chimes with the “social moment”. Adapted from Hugh Howey’s series of sci-fi books, and now into its second series, the show imagines a future where some sort of catastrophe has forced the remnants of humanity to retreat into <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2023/may/05/silo-review-this-rich-dystopian-drama-is-absolutely-thrilling" data-link-name="in body link">a vast, multilevel, self-sustaining underground silo</a>. There they have been divided by class (those at the bottom of the silo’s 144 floors are at the bottom of society too) and are governed by a series of arcane regulations passed on by the community’s founders. The silo’s history is carefully controlled – its records were destroyed in some sort of rebellion, and the possession of “relics” – a hard drive or a camcorder, say – is strictly forbidden. So too is expressing a desire to leave the silo: do that and you will be made to go outside and face the surface’s unforgiving post-apocalyptic elements, a fate that equals certain death.</p><p class="dcr-106f06m">Or will it? What lies beyond the silo is one of the many big mysteries of a show that resembles a bleaker, more steampunk-ish Lost. “We’re having a great time [on set], but you would never know it from the tone of the show,” Robbins laughs. Hoping to get to the bottom of these mysteries is Juliette (<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/rebecca-ferguson" data-link-name="in body link">Rebecca Ferguson</a>), an engineer on the silo’s generators, who is convinced that she and everyone else aren’t being told the full story of the silo. Robbins plays Bernard Holland, the seemingly kindly head of IT who harbours a dark secret. For Robbins it was a juicy role to sink his teeth into, loaded with real-world parallels.</p><p class="dcr-106f06m">“I‘ve always wondered about what goes on inside of someone who has the responsibility of leadership,” he says. “How they rationalise actions seemingly antithetical to their mission or belief system because of the larger picture; the big lie for the greater good. We’ve gone into wars on this philosophy for years. So I’ve always been fascinated by what it does to a person’s soul.”</p><figure id="0b966f95-cd54-40a1-804a-5f349a14cb6b" data-spacefinder-role="inline" data-spacefinder-type="model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.ImageBlockElement" class=" dcr-173mewl"><div id="img-3" class="dcr-1t8m8f2"><picture class="dcr-evn1e9"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/98b04da5b4fe01c95a8f0b3372ce8500fcdbf96f/0_0_4480_6321/master/4480.jpg?width=620&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 660px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 660px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/98b04da5b4fe01c95a8f0b3372ce8500fcdbf96f/0_0_4480_6321/master/4480.jpg?width=620&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 660px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/98b04da5b4fe01c95a8f0b3372ce8500fcdbf96f/0_0_4480_6321/master/4480.jpg?width=605&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 480px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/98b04da5b4fe01c95a8f0b3372ce8500fcdbf96f/0_0_4480_6321/master/4480.jpg?width=605&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 480px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/98b04da5b4fe01c95a8f0b3372ce8500fcdbf96f/0_0_4480_6321/master/4480.jpg?width=445&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/98b04da5b4fe01c95a8f0b3372ce8500fcdbf96f/0_0_4480_6321/master/4480.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Tim Robbins." src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/98b04da5b4fe01c95a8f0b3372ce8500fcdbf96f/0_0_4480_6321/master/4480.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" width="445" height="627.8671875" loading="lazy" class="dcr-evn1e9"/></picture><a href="#img-3" data-ignore="global-link-styling" aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="open-lightbox dcr-13fd1ms"><button data-element-id="0b966f95-cd54-40a1-804a-5f349a14cb6b" type="button" aria-haspopup="dialog" class="open-lightbox dcr-4tmywn"><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M23 8.75V1.5l-.5-.5h-7.25v1.25l4.5.6L14 8.575 15.4 10l5.75-5.725.6 4.475zm-22 6.5v7.25l.475.5h7.25v-1.25l-4.475-.6 5.725-5.775L8.6 14l-5.775 5.725-.575-4.475z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-194i6pr">View image in fullscreen</span></button></a></div><figcaption data-spacefinder-role="inline" class="dcr-1fujct4"><span class="dcr-1inf02i"><svg width="18" height="13" viewBox="0 0 18 13"><path d="M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z"></path></svg></span> Photograph: Nick Thompson /Trunk Archive</figcaption></figure><p class="dcr-106f06m">Robbins signed on for the show in the summer of 2021, drawn in by its resonance with current events. “Imagine reading these scripts when we were in the middle of lockdown,” he says. “It was like a gift, a blessing, as an artist, as someone who wants to do something that reflects the anxieties and fears of our own society. It seems very close to what we were dealing with on a daily basis at that time – the lack of transparency of information, the people being told by the government to limit their freedom for the good of all.”</p><p class="dcr-106f06m">Covid, and the institutional response to it, remains a raw topic for Robbins, even as that era disappears into the rear-view mirror for the rest of us. He rails against what he calls the “extreme censorship” of those times, and the effect it had on his industry. He postponed the reopening of the LA theatre that hosts his troupe the <a href="https://theactorsgang.com/" data-link-name="in body link">Actors’ Gang</a> for six months due to California state requirements that audience members show proof of vaccination. “I didn’t believe that there should be a litmus test at the door of the theatre,” he says today. “I didn’t believe that that was in the spirit of what a theatre is. A theatre has to allow everyone in, of all faiths, beliefs, political persuasions.”</p><p class="dcr-106f06m">At times his stance has made for some unlikely bedfellows. He appeared on Russell Brand’s podcast in 2022, railing against “Orwellian restrictions” just as Brand was beginning his evolution into the Trump-curious, born-again Christian figure he is today. As such, some have wondered if Robbins might be undergoing some sort of realignment. After he tweeted angrily about the “deranged mindset” of conspiracy theorists claiming that the assassination attempt on Trump had been staged, an article in the Telegraph speculated, perhaps hopefully, whether he was on a “political journey” towards the right.</p><figure data-spacefinder-role="inline" data-spacefinder-type="model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.NewsletterSignupBlockElement" class=" dcr-173mewl"><a data-ignore="global-link-styling" href="#EmailSignup-skip-link-16" class="dcr-jzxpee">skip past newsletter promotion</a><aside aria-label="newsletter promotion" class="dcr-av5vqf"><div class="dcr-10et71f"><p class="dcr-1sbse14">Sign up to <span>Inside Saturday</span></p><div class="dcr-9ypm66"><div class="dcr-ibdtyj"><div class="dcr-1hwoqtr"><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M18.364 2H5.636v5.68H3.43L2 9.29l9.048 7.504h1.904L22 9.289 20.571 7.68h-2.207zm-1.819 5.68v-.946h-9.09v.946zm0-3.787h-9.09v.947h9.09zM2 20.58v-8.994l9.048 6.627h1.904L22 11.586v8.994L20.571 22H3.43zM7.455 9.574h9.09v.947h-9.09z"></path></svg></div><span class="dcr-tx2qx">Free weekly newsletter</span></div></div></div><p class="dcr-1xjndtj">The only way to get a look behind the scenes of the Saturday magazine. Sign up to get the inside story from our top writers as well as all the must-read articles and columns, delivered to your inbox every weekend.</p><gu-island name="SecureSignup" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"newsletterId":"inside-saturday","successDescription":"The only way to get a look behind the scenes of the Saturday magazine. Sign up to get the inside story from our top writers as well as all the must-read articles and columns, delivered to your inbox every weekend."}"><form id="secure-signup-inside-saturday" class="dcr-kfi215"><label for="P0-2" class="dcr-0"><div class="dcr-1qn103b">Enter your email address </div></label><input type="email" id="P0-2" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" aria-describedby required name="email" class="dcr-dpem99"/><button type="submit" aria-live="polite" class="dcr-zll6x8">Sign up</button></form></gu-island><span class="dcr-1eusqlu"><strong>Privacy Notice: </strong>Newsletters may contain info about charities, online ads, and content funded by outside parties. For more information see our <a data-ignore="global-link-styling" href="https://www.theguardian.com/help/privacy-policy" rel="noreferrer" class="dcr-1rjy2q9">Privacy Policy</a>. We use Google reCaptcha to protect our website and the Google <a data-ignore="global-link-styling" href="https://policies.google.com/privacy" rel="noreferrer" class="dcr-1rjy2q9">Privacy Policy</a> and <a data-ignore="global-link-styling" href="https://policies.google.com/terms" rel="noreferrer" class="dcr-1rjy2q9">Terms of Service</a> apply.</span></aside><p id="EmailSignup-skip-link-16" tabIndex="0" aria-label="after newsletter promotion" role="note" class="dcr-jzxpee">after newsletter promotion</p></figure><figure id="20f777aa-3ab2-4553-ac8e-8e4499924a48" data-spacefinder-role="inline" data-spacefinder-type="model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.ImageBlockElement" class=" dcr-173mewl"><div id="img-4" class="dcr-1t8m8f2"><picture class="dcr-evn1e9"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/f6a70c638c3aec8fa25285aa89d8e0ff6a3366b7/0_102_2056_1233/master/2056.jpg?width=620&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 660px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 660px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/f6a70c638c3aec8fa25285aa89d8e0ff6a3366b7/0_102_2056_1233/master/2056.jpg?width=620&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 660px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/f6a70c638c3aec8fa25285aa89d8e0ff6a3366b7/0_102_2056_1233/master/2056.jpg?width=605&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 480px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/f6a70c638c3aec8fa25285aa89d8e0ff6a3366b7/0_102_2056_1233/master/2056.jpg?width=605&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 480px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/f6a70c638c3aec8fa25285aa89d8e0ff6a3366b7/0_102_2056_1233/master/2056.jpg?width=445&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/f6a70c638c3aec8fa25285aa89d8e0ff6a3366b7/0_102_2056_1233/master/2056.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Whole different ball game … Robbins and Kevin Costner in Bull Durham." src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/f6a70c638c3aec8fa25285aa89d8e0ff6a3366b7/0_102_2056_1233/master/2056.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" width="445" height="266.8701361867704" loading="lazy" class="dcr-evn1e9"/></picture><a href="#img-4" data-ignore="global-link-styling" aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="open-lightbox dcr-13fd1ms"><button data-element-id="20f777aa-3ab2-4553-ac8e-8e4499924a48" type="button" aria-haspopup="dialog" class="open-lightbox dcr-4tmywn"><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M23 8.75V1.5l-.5-.5h-7.25v1.25l4.5.6L14 8.575 15.4 10l5.75-5.725.6 4.475zm-22 6.5v7.25l.475.5h7.25v-1.25l-4.475-.6 5.725-5.775L8.6 14l-5.775 5.725-.575-4.475z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-194i6pr">View image in fullscreen</span></button></a></div><figcaption data-spacefinder-role="inline" class="dcr-1fujct4"><span class="dcr-1inf02i"><svg width="18" height="13" viewBox="0 0 18 13"><path d="M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-1qvd3m6">Whole different ball game … Robbins and Kevin Costner in Bull Durham.</span> Photograph: Cinetext Collection/Sportsphoto/Allstar</figcaption></figure><p class="dcr-106f06m">That seems like wishful thinking. Covid often had an unhappy habit of dividing societies along tribalist lines (“So politicised, that whole era,” Robbins says), but the truth is that people are more complicated, and Robbins, for the most part, seems animated by the things he has always been animated by. Almost 30 years on from Dead Man Walking, he remains passionate about criminal justice reform: the Actors’ Gang, where he is artistic director, runs a programme that <a href="https://theactorsgang.com/prison-project" data-link-name="in body link">aims to rehabilitate prisoners</a> in California through theatre.</p><aside data-spacefinder-role="supporting" class="dcr-1eyan6r"><svg viewBox="0 0 22 14" style="fill:var(--pullquote-icon);" class="dcr-scql1j"><path d="M5.255 0h4.75c-.572 4.53-1.077 8.972-1.297 13.941H0C.792 9.104 2.44 4.53 5.255 0Zm11.061 0H21c-.506 4.53-1.077 8.972-1.297 13.941h-8.686c.902-4.837 2.485-9.411 5.3-13.941Z"></path></svg><blockquote class="dcr-zzndwp">A quality movie, a quality television show, will last. Whether it’s a hit or not is irrelevant</blockquote></aside><p class="dcr-106f06m">Today he is particularly keen to highlight “inhumane” working practices in his own industry. He is proud that on Silo no one works more than 10 hours a day – an unusually sensible workload by entertainment industry standards – and expresses frustration that Hollywood labour unions didn’t push for similar demands during last year’s lengthy strikes. “Actors have it easy, they don’t work every day,” he says. “When they finish their job they go to have some time off, do a different job. It is crews really that you’re talking about. What winds up happening is that you have people on these crews that are overworked, exhausted, and don’t have the emotional input that one needs to live a rounded life.”</p><p class="dcr-106f06m">He fears for a Hollywood that has been upended by the rise of streaming services, and is increasingly governed by algorithms that prioritise more of the same over anything sui generis: “You go on Netflix right now, you see what films are coming out and you tell me that that’s the future of cinema? We’re in big trouble.”</p><figure id="8fe90f5b-acde-4555-9acd-89bdbf010f6c" data-spacefinder-role="showcase" data-spacefinder-type="model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.ImageBlockElement" class=" dcr-5h0uf4"><div id="img-5" class="dcr-1t8m8f2"><picture class="dcr-evn1e9"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=880&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 1300px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 1300px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=880&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 1300px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=800&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 1140px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 1140px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=800&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 1140px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=640&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=640&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=620&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 660px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 660px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=620&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 660px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=605&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 480px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=605&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 480px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=445&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Robbins with Morgan Freeman in The Shawshank Redemption." src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d5ba0b0eafe87b9ec257efff31d5e10388a3f26/0_20_3504_2102/master/3504.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" width="445" height="266.949200913242" loading="lazy" class="dcr-evn1e9"/></picture><a href="#img-5" data-ignore="global-link-styling" aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="open-lightbox dcr-13fd1ms"><button data-element-id="8fe90f5b-acde-4555-9acd-89bdbf010f6c" type="button" aria-haspopup="dialog" class="open-lightbox dcr-4tmywn"><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M23 8.75V1.5l-.5-.5h-7.25v1.25l4.5.6L14 8.575 15.4 10l5.75-5.725.6 4.475zm-22 6.5v7.25l.475.5h7.25v-1.25l-4.475-.6 5.725-5.775L8.6 14l-5.775 5.725-.575-4.475z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-194i6pr">View image in fullscreen</span></button></a></div><figcaption data-spacefinder-role="inline" class="dcr-1pvqcrw"><span class="dcr-1inf02i"><svg width="18" height="13" viewBox="0 0 18 13"><path d="M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-1qvd3m6">Slammer time … Robbins with Morgan Freeman in The Shawshank Redemption.</span> Photograph: Columbia/Allstar</figcaption></figure><p class="dcr-106f06m">Which perhaps explains why Robbins has become less of a regular fixture on our screens. He last made a movie in 2019 – the excellent, underseen environmental legal thriller <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/feb/27/dark-waters-review-todd-haynes-mark-ruffalo-west-virginia-dupont-poison-" data-link-name="in body link">Dark Waters</a>. But for all his reservations, he thinks that good work will still be seen if it’s put out there. His most famous role is proof of that.</p><p class="dcr-106f06m">“We’re at 30 years now [on from] <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2024/sep/23/shawshank-redemption-30th-anniversary" data-link-name="in body link">Shawshank Redemption</a>,” he says, his eyes widening at the thought. “When it came out it got good reviews, it got nominated for Academy awards, but nobody saw it. It was VHS and [Ted] Turner playing it on his television channel [Turner Classic Movies] that changed that. That is a beloved movie. It remains on top of IMDb as the most favoured movie of all time. So I know that a quality movie, a quality television show, will last. Whether it’s a hit or not is irrelevant compared to what people are going to think about it in 10, 15, 20 years.”</p><p class="dcr-106f06m">Robbins these days is thinking about the long game, picking roles that capture the social moment, and hopefully will grow with time like Shawshank has. “The main thing for me, at this stage of my life, is that I don’t want to waste my time on a set doing something frivolous,” he says. “I don’t want to be there for the sake of being there.”</p><p class="dcr-106f06m"><em>New episodes of Silo are available Fridays on Apple TV+.</em></p></div></div><gu-island name="SlotBodyEnd" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"contentType":"Article","contributionsServiceUrl":"https://contributions.guardianapis.com","idApiUrl":"https://idapi.theguardian.com","isMinuteArticle":false,"isPaidContent":false,"pageId":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank","sectionId":"tv-and-radio","shouldHideReaderRevenue":false,"stage":"PROD","tags":[{"id":"culture/television","type":"Keyword","title":"Television"},{"id":"film/tim-robbins","type":"Keyword","title":"Tim Robbins"},{"id":"tv-and-radio/science-fiction","type":"Keyword","title":"Science fiction TV"},{"id":"tv-and-radio/drama","type":"Keyword","title":"Drama"},{"id":"film/film","type":"Keyword","title":"Film"},{"id":"culture/culture","type":"Keyword","title":"Culture"},{"id":"campaign/email/inside-saturday","type":"Campaign","title":"Inside Saturday (newsletter signup)"},{"id":"tv-and-radio/tv-and-radio","type":"Keyword","title":"Television & radio"},{"id":"film/film-industry","type":"Keyword","title":"Film industry"},{"id":"type/article","type":"Type","title":"Article"},{"id":"tone/interview","type":"Tone","title":"Interviews"},{"id":"profile/gwilym-mumford","type":"Contributor","title":"Gwilym Mumford","bylineImageUrl":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2022/11/07/Gwilym_Mumford.jpg?width=300&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=a4f87ae63e08479afd96a824b2af6855","bylineLargeImageUrl":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2022/11/07/Gwilym_Mumford_Next_Gen.png?width=300&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=6fca0117d853681028762ff72ac5a590"},{"id":"publication/theguardian","type":"Publication","title":"The Guardian"},{"id":"theguardian/saturday","type":"NewspaperBook","title":"Saturday"},{"id":"theguardian/saturday/culture","type":"NewspaperBookSection","title":"Culture"},{"id":"tracking/commissioningdesk/saturday-magazine","type":"Tracking","title":"Saturday Magazine"}],"renderAds":true,"isLabs":false,"articleEndSlot":true}"></gu-island><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="13" viewBox="0 0 1300 13" preserveAspectRatio="none" stroke="var(--straight-lines)" stroke-width="1" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="dcr-65xb9q"><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="0.5" y2="0.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="4.5" y2="4.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="8.5" y2="8.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="12.5" y2="12.5"></line></svg><div data-print-layout="hide" class="dcr-fckw05"><span class="dcr-1slmqmw">Explore more on these topics</span><div class="dcr-1jl528t"><ul class="dcr-1yfsxuc"><li class="dcr-ncdwh2"><a href="/culture/television" class="dcr-1gwziyt">Television</a></li><li class="dcr-ncdwh2"><a href="/film/tim-robbins" class="dcr-1gwziyt">Tim Robbins</a></li><li class="dcr-ncdwh2"><a href="/tv-and-radio/science-fiction" class="dcr-1gwziyt">Science fiction TV</a></li><li class="dcr-ncdwh2"><a href="/tv-and-radio/drama" class="dcr-1gwziyt">Drama</a></li><li class="dcr-ncdwh2"><a href="/film/film-industry" class="dcr-1gwziyt">Film industry</a></li><li class="dcr-ncdwh2"><a href="/tone/interview" class="dcr-1gwziyt">interviews</a></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-nu129i"><gu-island name="ShareButton" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"pageId":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank","webTitle":"Tim Robbins: ‘You’re telling me Netflix is the future of cinema? We’re in big trouble’","format":{"design":15,"display":2,"theme":3},"context":"SubMeta"}"><a href="mailto:?subject=Tim Robbins: ‘You’re telling me Netflix is the future of cinema? We’re in big trouble’&body=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank?CMP=share_btn_url" type="button" class="dcr-bao4ku">Share<div class="src-button-space"></div><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M19 16c1.675 0 3 1.35 3 3 0 1.675-1.325 3-3 3a2.97 2.97 0 0 1-2.975-3c0-.125 0-.275.025-.375L7.1 14.15a2.9 2.9 0 0 1-2.075.825C3.325 14.975 2 13.65 2 12a3.004 3.004 0 0 1 3.025-3.025c.775 0 1.5.35 2.075.875l8.95-4.475c-.025-.1-.025-.225-.025-.4A2.966 2.966 0 0 1 19 2c1.675 0 3 1.325 3 2.975C22 6.65 20.675 8 19 8c-.8 0-1.475-.325-2.05-.825l-8.975 4.45C8 11.7 8 11.825 8 12s0 .3-.025.375l8.975 4.45c.575-.5 1.25-.825 2.05-.825m0-12.8c-.975 0-1.8.775-1.8 1.775S18.025 6.8 19 6.8c1 0 1.825-.825 1.825-1.825S20 3.2 19 3.2m0 17.6c1 0 1.825-.825 1.825-1.8 0-1-.825-1.8-1.825-1.8-.975 0-1.8.8-1.8 1.8 0 .975.825 1.8 1.8 1.8"></path></svg></a></gu-island><div class="dcr-zhx6xs"><a data-link-name="meta-syndication-article" href="https://syndication.theguardian.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftv-and-radio%2F2024%2Fnov%2F23%2Ftim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank&type=article&internalpagecode=tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" title="Reuse this content" class="dcr-14rjinq">Reuse this content</a></div></div></div></div></div><div style="--grid-area:right-column;" data-gu-name="right-column" class="dcr-10el5c8"><div class="dcr-jwg3xc"><section class="dcr-1hko8ef"><gu-island name="MostViewedRightWithAd" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"format":{"design":15,"display":2,"theme":3},"isPaidContent":false,"renderAds":true,"shouldHideReaderRevenue":false}" rootMargin="700px 100px"><div data-container="most-viewed-right-container" class="dcr-1e3xwa3"><div class="ad-slot-container dcr-7caenu"><div id="dfp-ad--right" data-link-name="ad slot right" data-name="right" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--right ad-slot--mpu-banner-ad ad-slot--rendered js-sticky-mpu dcr-1jakjiw"></div></div></div></gu-island></section></div></div></div></div></article><aside style="background-color:var(--ad-background);" class="dcr-1xdhyk6"><div style="border-color:var(--article-border);" class="dcr-1ykr3rf"><div class="ad-slot-container dcr-17n294h"><div id="dfp-ad--merchandising-high" data-link-name="ad slot merchandising-high" data-name="merchandising-high" data-refresh="false" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--merchandising-high dcr-ivr0sq"></div></div></div></aside><gu-island name="OnwardsUpper" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"ajaxUrl":"https://api.nextgen.guardianapps.co.uk","hasRelated":true,"hasStoryPackage":false,"isAdFreeUser":false,"pageId":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank","isPaidContent":false,"showRelatedContent":true,"keywordIds":"culture/television,film/tim-robbins,tv-and-radio/science-fiction,tv-and-radio/drama,film/film,culture/culture,tv-and-radio/tv-and-radio,film/film-industry","contentType":"Article","tags":[{"id":"culture/television","type":"Keyword","title":"Television"},{"id":"film/tim-robbins","type":"Keyword","title":"Tim Robbins"},{"id":"tv-and-radio/science-fiction","type":"Keyword","title":"Science fiction TV"},{"id":"tv-and-radio/drama","type":"Keyword","title":"Drama"},{"id":"film/film","type":"Keyword","title":"Film"},{"id":"culture/culture","type":"Keyword","title":"Culture"},{"id":"campaign/email/inside-saturday","type":"Campaign","title":"Inside Saturday (newsletter signup)"},{"id":"tv-and-radio/tv-and-radio","type":"Keyword","title":"Television & radio"},{"id":"film/film-industry","type":"Keyword","title":"Film industry"},{"id":"type/article","type":"Type","title":"Article"},{"id":"tone/interview","type":"Tone","title":"Interviews"},{"id":"profile/gwilym-mumford","type":"Contributor","title":"Gwilym Mumford","bylineImageUrl":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2022/11/07/Gwilym_Mumford.jpg?width=300&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=a4f87ae63e08479afd96a824b2af6855","bylineLargeImageUrl":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2022/11/07/Gwilym_Mumford_Next_Gen.png?width=300&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=6fca0117d853681028762ff72ac5a590"},{"id":"publication/theguardian","type":"Publication","title":"The Guardian"},{"id":"theguardian/saturday","type":"NewspaperBook","title":"Saturday"},{"id":"theguardian/saturday/culture","type":"NewspaperBookSection","title":"Culture"},{"id":"tracking/commissioningdesk/saturday-magazine","type":"Tracking","title":"Saturday Magazine"}],"format":{"design":15,"display":2,"theme":3},"pillar":3,"editionId":"INT","shortUrlId":"/p/xvpffd","discussionApiUrl":"https://discussion.theguardian.com/discussion-api","absoluteServerTimes":false}"><div class="dcr-1ntgn2k"><section style="background-color:var(--section-background);" class="dcr-1xdhyk6"><div style="border-color:var(--article-border);" class="dcr-1vf50t"><div data-name="placeholder" class="dcr-ri3hap"><div class="dcr-p0nyl2"></div></div></div></section><section style="background-color:var(--section-background);" class="dcr-1xdhyk6"><div style="border-color:var(--article-border);" class="dcr-1vf50t"><div data-name="placeholder" class="dcr-ri3hap"><div class="dcr-p0nyl2"></div></div></div></section></div></gu-island><section style="background-color:var(--article-section-background);" class="dcr-1xdhyk6"><div style="border-color:var(--article-border);" class="dcr-1vf50t"><div class="dcr-u8qikl"><section class="dcr-1gx3men"><div class="dcr-yg4zrc"><div class="dcr-k1vhee"><div><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-dah9rt">Most viewed</h2></div></div></div></div></section><div class="dcr-fossqd"><div class="dcr-f68shw"><span class="dcr-1giivcq"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-dah9rt">Most viewed</h2></div></span></div><div data-print-layout="hide" class="content-footer dcr-ddf1wi"><div class="dcr-6m88po"><gu-island name="MostViewedFooterData" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"sectionId":"tv-and-radio","ajaxUrl":"https://api.nextgen.guardianapps.co.uk","edition":"INT"}"><div data-name="placeholder" class="dcr-ri3hap"><div class="dcr-5mqa0r"></div></div></gu-island></div><div class="dcr-1pt7toy"><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="ad-slot-container dcr-j5zpwt"><div id="dfp-ad--mostpop" data-link-name="ad slot mostpop" data-name="mostpop" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--mostpop ad-slot--mpu-banner-ad ad-slot--rendered dcr-1qjcfie"></div></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></section><aside style="background-color:var(--ad-background);" class="dcr-1xdhyk6"><div style="border-color:var(--article-border);" class="dcr-1ykr3rf"><div class="ad-slot-container dcr-17n294h"><div id="dfp-ad--merchandising" data-link-name="ad slot merchandising" data-name="merchandising" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--merchandising dcr-ivr0sq"></div></div></div></aside></main><aside style="background-color:var(--section-background);" class="dcr-1xdhyk6"><div style="border-color:var(--article-border);" class="dcr-1q1v1nj"><gu-island name="SubNav" priority="enhancement" deferUntil="visible" props="{"subNavSections":{"links":[{"title":"Books","longTitle":"Books","url":"/books","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Music","longTitle":"Music","url":"/music","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"TV & radio","longTitle":"TV & radio","url":"/tv-and-radio","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Art & design","longTitle":"Art & design","url":"/artanddesign","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Film","longTitle":"Film","url":"/film","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Games","longTitle":"Games","url":"/games","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Classical","longTitle":"Classical","url":"/music/classicalmusicandopera","children":[],"mobileOnly":false},{"title":"Stage","longTitle":"Stage","url":"/stage","children":[],"mobileOnly":false}]},"currentNavLink":"TV & radio","position":"footer"}"><div data-print-layout="hide" data-testid="sub-nav" data-component="sub-nav" style="--sub-nav-link:var(--sub-nav-link-footer);" class="dcr-a4rp9m"><ul role="list" class="dcr-1gt8egs"><li><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/books" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : Books" class="dcr-lgyw9b">Books</a></li><li><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/music" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : Music" class="dcr-lgyw9b">Music</a></li><li><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/tv-and-radio" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : TV & radio" class="dcr-lgyw9b"><span class="dcr-1b5y2ep">TV & radio</span></a></li><li><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/artanddesign" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : Art & design" class="dcr-lgyw9b">Art & design</a></li><li><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/film" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : Film" class="dcr-lgyw9b">Film</a></li><li><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/games" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : Games" class="dcr-lgyw9b">Games</a></li><li><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/music/classicalmusicandopera" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : Classical" class="dcr-lgyw9b">Classical</a></li><li><a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/stage" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : Stage" class="dcr-lgyw9b">Stage</a></li></ul></div></gu-island></div></aside><footer style="background-color:#052962;" class="dcr-1xdhyk6"><div style="border-color:#506991;" class="dcr-bnuca0"><div data-print-layout="hide" data-link-name="footer" data-component="footer" class="dcr-1hmrwdw"><div class="dcr-1ris6nf"><ul class="dcr-1d6g26q"><li class="dcr-1grikph"><a href="/" style="--pillar-underline:#FF5943;" data-link-name="footer : primary : News" class="dcr-7612kl">News</a></li><li class="dcr-ks441s"><a href="/commentisfree" style="--pillar-underline:#FF7F0F;" data-link-name="footer : primary : Opinion" class="dcr-7612kl">Opinion</a></li><li class="dcr-ks441s"><a href="/sport" style="--pillar-underline:#00B2FF;" data-link-name="footer : primary : Sport" class="dcr-7612kl">Sport</a></li><li class="dcr-ks441s"><a href="/culture" style="--pillar-underline:#EACCA0;" data-link-name="footer : primary : Culture" class="dcr-1iufw7r">Culture</a></li><li class="dcr-1kcody2"><a href="/lifeandstyle" style="--pillar-underline:#FFABDB;" data-link-name="footer : primary : Lifestyle" class="dcr-7612kl">Lifestyle</a></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1xyi04h"><div class="dcr-1wf840d"><div>Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning</div><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/global/2022/sep/20/sign-up-for-the-first-edition-newsletter-our-free-news-email" data-link-name="footer : morning-briefing" class="dcr-u54heg">Sign up for our email<div class="src-button-space"></div><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1 12.956h18.274l-7.167 8.575.932.932L23 12.478v-.956l-9.96-9.985-.932.932 7.166 8.575H1z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="dcr-1ms2xl4"><ul><li><a href="https://manage.theguardian.com/help-centre" data-link-name="international : footer : tech feedback" class="js-tech-feedback-report dcr-4coeh">Help</a></li><li><a href="/info/complaints-and-corrections" data-link-name="complaints" class=" dcr-4coeh">Complaints & corrections</a></li><li><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/securedrop" data-link-name="securedrop" class=" dcr-4coeh">SecureDrop</a></li><li><a href="https://workforus.theguardian.com" data-link-name="international : footer : work for us" class=" dcr-4coeh">Work for us</a></li><li><gu-island name="PrivacySettingsLink" priority="critical" deferUntil="visible" props="{"extraClasses":""}"><span style="color:transparent;" class="dcr-4coeh"> </span></gu-island></li><li><a href="/info/privacy" data-link-name="privacy" class=" dcr-4coeh">Privacy policy</a></li><li><a href="/info/cookies" data-link-name="cookie" class=" dcr-4coeh">Cookie policy</a></li><li><a href="/help/terms-of-service" data-link-name="terms" class=" dcr-4coeh">Terms & conditions</a></li><li><a href="/help/contact-us" data-link-name="international : footer : contact us" class=" dcr-4coeh">Contact us</a></li></ul><ul><li><a href="/index/subjects/a" data-link-name="international : footer : all topics" class=" dcr-4coeh">All topics</a></li><li><a href="/index/contributors" data-link-name="international : footer : all contributors" class=" dcr-4coeh">All writers</a></li><li><a href="https://theguardian.newspapers.com" data-link-name="digital newspaper archive" class=" dcr-4coeh">Digital newspaper archive</a></li><li><a href="https://uploads.guim.co.uk/2024/08/27/TAX_STRATEGY_FOR_THE_YEAR_ENDED_31_MARCH_2025.pdf" data-link-name="international : footer : tax strategy" class=" dcr-4coeh">Tax strategy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/theguardian" data-link-name="international : footer : facebook" class=" dcr-4coeh">Facebook</a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/TheGuardian" data-link-name="international : footer : youtube" class=" dcr-4coeh">YouTube</a></li><li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/guardian" data-link-name="international : footer : instagram" class=" dcr-4coeh">Instagram</a></li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/theguardian" data-link-name="international : footer : linkedin" class=" dcr-4coeh">LinkedIn</a></li><li><a href="/email-newsletters?INTCMP=DOTCOM_FOOTER_NEWSLETTER_INTERNATIONAL" data-link-name="international : footer : newsletters" class=" dcr-4coeh">Newsletters</a></li></ul><ul><li><a href="https://advertising.theguardian.com" data-link-name="international : footer : advertise with us" class=" dcr-4coeh">Advertise with us</a></li><li><a href="https://jobs.theguardian.com" data-link-name="international : footer : uk-jobs" class=" dcr-4coeh">Search UK jobs</a></li></ul><div class="dcr-1v06yj3"><gu-island name="FooterReaderRevenueLinks" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"urls":{"contribute":"https://support.theguardian.com/contribute?INTCMP=footer_support_contribute&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22footer_support_contribute%22%7D","subscribe":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=footer_support_subscribe&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22footer_support_subscribe%22%7D","support":"https://support.theguardian.com?INTCMP=footer_support&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22footer_support%22%7D","supporter":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=footer_supporter_cta&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_FOOTER%22,%22componentId%22:%22footer_supporter_cta%22%7D"},"dataLinkNamePrefix":"footer : "}"></gu-island></div></div><div class="dcr-1xnlu54"><a href="#top" data-link-name="back to top" class="dcr-1bljy3y"><span class="dcr-6ottnt">Back to top</span><span class="icon-container dcr-18yycfp"><i class="dcr-13lm9u3"></i></span></a></div></div><div class="dcr-1slcfay">© 2024 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. <gu-island name="FooterLabel" priority="critical" deferUntil="visible" props="{}">(dcr)</gu-island></div></div></div></footer><aside class="dcr-1wna1tt"><gu-island name="StickyBottomBanner" priority="feature" deferUntil="idle" props="{"contentType":"Article","contributionsServiceUrl":"https://contributions.guardianapis.com","idApiUrl":"https://idapi.theguardian.com","isMinuteArticle":false,"isPaidContent":false,"isPreview":false,"isSensitive":false,"pageId":"tv-and-radio/2024/nov/23/tim-robbins-actor-interview-silo-season-2-apple-tv-shawshank","sectionId":"tv-and-radio","shouldHideReaderRevenue":false,"remoteBannerSwitch":true,"tags":[{"id":"culture/television","type":"Keyword","title":"Television"},{"id":"film/tim-robbins","type":"Keyword","title":"Tim Robbins"},{"id":"tv-and-radio/science-fiction","type":"Keyword","title":"Science fiction TV"},{"id":"tv-and-radio/drama","type":"Keyword","title":"Drama"},{"id":"film/film","type":"Keyword","title":"Film"},{"id":"culture/culture","type":"Keyword","title":"Culture"},{"id":"campaign/email/inside-saturday","type":"Campaign","title":"Inside Saturday (newsletter signup)"},{"id":"tv-and-radio/tv-and-radio","type":"Keyword","title":"Television & radio"},{"id":"film/film-industry","type":"Keyword","title":"Film industry"},{"id":"type/article","type":"Type","title":"Article"},{"id":"tone/interview","type":"Tone","title":"Interviews"},{"id":"profile/gwilym-mumford","type":"Contributor","title":"Gwilym Mumford","bylineImageUrl":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2022/11/07/Gwilym_Mumford.jpg?width=300&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=a4f87ae63e08479afd96a824b2af6855","bylineLargeImageUrl":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2022/11/07/Gwilym_Mumford_Next_Gen.png?width=300&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=6fca0117d853681028762ff72ac5a590"},{"id":"publication/theguardian","type":"Publication","title":"The Guardian"},{"id":"theguardian/saturday","type":"NewspaperBook","title":"Saturday"},{"id":"theguardian/saturday/culture","type":"NewspaperBookSection","title":"Culture"},{"id":"tracking/commissioningdesk/saturday-magazine","type":"Tracking","title":"Saturday Magazine"}]}"></gu-island></aside><div class="mobilesticky-container dcr-bqcudp"></div> </body> </html>