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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EmulateIE8; IE=EmulateIE9"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../image/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="../jslib/superfish.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="../jslib/superfish-vertical.css"> <script src="../jslib/jquery.js"></script> <script src="../jslib/hoverIntent.js"></script> <script src="../jslib/superfish.js"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function(){ jQuery('ul.sf-menu').superfish({ minWidth: 12, maxWidth: 27, extraWidth: 1, animation: {height:'show'}, speed: 'fast', delay: 10 }); }); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css_file2/styles-site.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css_file2/search_style_list.css"> <title>IEICE Trans - A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays</title> <meta name="DC.title" content="A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays" /> <meta name="DC.creator" content="Paul MILGRAM" /> <meta name="DC.creator" content="Fumio KISHINO" /> <meta name="DC.date.issued" scheme="DCTERMS.W3CDTF" content="1994/12" /> <meta name="DC.Date" content="1994/12/25" /> <meta name="DC.citation.volume" content="E77-D" /> <meta name="DC.citation.issue" content="12" /> <meta name="DC.citation.spage" content="1321" /> <meta name="DC.citation.epage" content="1329" /> <meta name="DC.identifier" content="https://search.ieice.org/bin/pdf_link.php?fname=e77-d_12_1321&category=D&lang=E&year=1994&abst=" /> <meta name="DCTERMS.abstract" content="This paper focuses on Mixed Reality (MR) visual displays, a particular subset of Virtual Reality (VR) related technologies that involve the merging of real and virtual worlds somewhere along the <cd02148.gif>virtuality continuum" which connects completely real environments to completely virtual ones. Probably the best known of these is Augmented Reality (AR), which refers to all cases in which the display of an otherwise real environment is augmented by means of virtual (computer graphic) objects. The converse case on the virtuality continuum is therefore Augmented Virtuality (AV). Six classes of hybrid MR display environments are identified. However, an attempt to distinguish these classes on the basis of whether they are primarily video or computer graphics based, whether the real world is viewed directly or via some electronic display medium, whether the viewer is intended to feel part of the world or on the outside looking in, and whether or not the scale of the display is intended to map orthoscopically onto the real world leads to quite different groupings among the six identified classes, thereby demonstrating the need for an efficient taxonomy, or classification framework, according to which essential differences can be identified. The <cd02146.gif>obvious' distinction between the terms <cd02148.gif>real" and <cd02148.gif>virtual" is shown to have a number of different aspects, depending on whether one is dealing with real or virtual objects, real or virtual images, and direct or non-direct viewing of these. An (approximately) three dimensional taxonomy is proposed, comprising the following dimensions: Extent of World Knowledge (<cd02148.gif>how much do we know about the world being displayed?"), Reproduction Fidelity (<cd02148.gif>how <cd02146.gif>realistically' are we able to display it?"), and Extent of Presence Metaphor (<cd02148.gif>what is the extent of the illusion that the observer is present within that world?")." /> <meta name="DC.type" content="INVITED PAPER" /> <meta name="DC.relation.ispartof" content="IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems" /> <meta name="DC.publisher" content="The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers" /> <meta name="citation_id" content="e77-d_12_1321" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Paul MILGRAM" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Fumio KISHINO" /> <meta name="citation_date" content="1994/12/25" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="0916-8532" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="E77-D" /> <meta name="citation_issue" content="12" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="1321" /> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="1329" /> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers" /> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://search.ieice.org/bin/summary.php?id=e77-d_12_1321&category=D&year=1994&lang=E&abst=" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://search.ieice.org/bin/pdf_link.php?fname=e77-d_12_1321&category=D&lang=E&year=1994&abst=" />  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-128675650-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; 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Probably the best known of these is Augmented Reality (AR), which refers to all cases in which the display of an otherwise real environment is augmented by means of virtual (computer graphic) objects. The converse case on the virtuality continuum is therefore Augmented Virtuality (AV). Six classes of hybrid MR display environments are identified. However, an attempt to distinguish these classes on the basis of whether they are primarily video or computer graphics based, whether the real world is viewed directly or via some electronic display medium, whether the viewer is intended to feel part of the world or on the outside looking in, and whether or not the scale of the display is intended to map orthoscopically onto the real world leads to quite different groupings among the six identified classes, thereby demonstrating the need for an efficient taxonomy, or classification framework, according to which essential differences can be identified. The <img src="/img_font/cd02146.gif" border="0">obvious' distinction between the terms <img src="/img_font/cd02148.gif" border="0">real" and <img src="/img_font/cd02148.gif" border="0">virtual" is shown to have a number of different aspects, depending on whether one is dealing with real or virtual objects, real or virtual images, and direct or non-direct viewing of these. An (approximately) three dimensional taxonomy is proposed, comprising the following dimensions: Extent of World Knowledge (<img src="/img_font/cd02148.gif" border="0">how much do we know about the world being displayed?"), Reproduction Fidelity (<img src="/img_font/cd02148.gif" border="0">how <img src="/img_font/cd02146.gif" border="0">realistically' are we able to display it?"), and Extent of Presence Metaphor (<img src="/img_font/cd02148.gif" border="0">what is the extent of the illusion that the observer is present within that world?").</span><br> <hr noshade align="left" width="100%" size="1" color="#cccccc"><br> </td></tr> <tr><td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"> <tr><td colspan="5"> <font style="font-size:16px; color:red; font-weight:bold;">open access publishing via </font> <a href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/transinf" target="_blank"><img src="/image/img_stage2.png" border="0" style="vertical-align:middle;"></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="https://www.ieice.org/eng_r/information/schedule/journals.php?type=04" target="_blank"><img src="/image/callforpapers.jpg" border="0" style="width: 140px; object-fit: cover;"></a></td> <td align="left"><a href="https://www.ieice.org/eng_r/transactions/transactions_including_elex_comex_and_nolta.html" target="_blank"><img src="/image/submit.png" border="0" style="width: 140px; object-fit: cover;"></a></td> <td align="left"><a href="https://www.ieice.org/eng_r/transactions/trans_news.html" target="_blank"><img src="/image/news.png" border="0" style="width: 140px; object-fit: cover;"></a></td> <td align="left"><a href="https://www.ieice.org/eng_r/ranking/transactions/monthly/index.html?id=h" target="_blank"><img src="/image/top10-pp1.png" border="0" style="width: 80px; object-fit: cover;"></a></td> <td align="right" width="20" valign="bottom"><a href="/ieiceed.xml" target="_blank"><img src="/image/rss1.png" border="0"></a></td> </tr> </table> <p> </td></tr> </table>  </td></tr></table>  </body> </html>