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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Schools_in_Viljandi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools_in_Viljandi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Schools in Viljandi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools_in_Viljandi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocational_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocational_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Vocational education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocational_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extracurricular_educational_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extracurricular_educational_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Extracurricular educational institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extracurricular_educational_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Legends</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legends-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legends subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boatman_of_Viljandi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boatman_of_Viljandi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Boatman of Viljandi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boatman_of_Viljandi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notable residents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Viljandi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 69 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="فيلياندي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيلياندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilyandi" title="Vilyandi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vilyandi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Вільяндзі (горад) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вільяндзі (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Вільяндзі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вільяндзі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Вилянди – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вилянди" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Вильянди ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Вильянди ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="ویلیاندی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیاندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%88%EB%94%94" title="빌리안디 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빌리안디" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB" title="Վիլյանդի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիլյանդի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Вильянди – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Вильянди" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99" title="ויליאנדי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויליאנדי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ვილიანდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვილიანდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Вильянди – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Вильянди" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Вильянди – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Вильянди" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandis" title="Viljandis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Viljandis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Вилјанди – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вилјанди" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="فيلياندى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيلياندى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Вильянди – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Вильянди" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Вильянди – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вильянди" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3" title="ヴィリャンディ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィリャンディ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi_(Steed)" title="Viljandi (Steed) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Viljandi (Steed)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Вильянди – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Вильянди" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Вильянди – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вильянди" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Виљанди – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Виљанди" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Вильянди – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вильянди" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Вильянди – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Вильянди" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Вільянді – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільянді" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="ویلیاندی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویلیاندی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vil%27jandi" title="Vil'jandi – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vil'jandi" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vil%C3%A4ndi" title="Viländi – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Viländi" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E6%89%AC%E8%BF%AA" title="维尔扬迪 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="维尔扬迪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Viljandi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljandis" title="Viljandis – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Viljandis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E6%8F%9A%E8%BF%AA" title="維爾揚迪 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="維爾揚迪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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location">58.367°N 25.600°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">58.367; 25.600</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in Estonia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Viljandi" title="Special:EditPage/Viljandi">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Viljandi" title="Talk:Viljandi">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Viljandi" title="Special:EditPage/Viljandi">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Viljandi%22">"Viljandi"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Viljandi%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Viljandi%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Viljandi%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Viljandi%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Viljandi%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in Estonia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Viljandi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Estonia" title="List of cities and towns in Estonia">Town</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Viljandi_vana_veetorn_%28cropped%29.jpg/174px-Viljandi_vana_veetorn_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Viljandi_vana_veetorn_%28cropped%29.jpg/232px-Viljandi_vana_veetorn_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2575" data-file-height="3445" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:120px;max-width:120px"><div style="border:1;;height:155px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viljandi_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Viljandi_2006.jpg/118px-Viljandi_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Viljandi_2006.jpg/177px-Viljandi_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Viljandi_2006.jpg/236px-Viljandi_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1618" data-file-height="2139" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div style="border:1;;height:65px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ugala_teater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ugala_teater.jpg/117px-Ugala_teater.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ugala_teater.jpg/176px-Ugala_teater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ugala_teater.jpg/234px-Ugala_teater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div style="border:1;;height:65px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elamu_Viljandis_Tallinna_16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Elamu_Viljandis_Tallinna_16.jpg/117px-Elamu_Viljandis_Tallinna_16.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Elamu_Viljandis_Tallinna_16.jpg/176px-Elamu_Viljandis_Tallinna_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Elamu_Viljandis_Tallinna_16.jpg/234px-Elamu_Viljandis_Tallinna_16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5127" data-file-height="2883" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div style="border:1;;height:77px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viljandi_Jaani_kirik_%C3%B5htul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Viljandi_Jaani_kirik_%C3%B5htul.jpg/117px-Viljandi_Jaani_kirik_%C3%B5htul.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Viljandi_Jaani_kirik_%C3%B5htul.jpg/176px-Viljandi_Jaani_kirik_%C3%B5htul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Viljandi_Jaani_kirik_%C3%B5htul.jpg/234px-Viljandi_Jaani_kirik_%C3%B5htul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5315" data-file-height="3543" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div style="border:1;;height:77px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sakala_Keskus.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Sakala_Keskus.JPG/117px-Sakala_Keskus.JPG" decoding="async" width="117" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Sakala_Keskus.JPG/176px-Sakala_Keskus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Sakala_Keskus.JPG/234px-Sakala_Keskus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><small>Clockwise from top: Viljandi town hall; Old water tower; downtown; Ugala theatre; University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy, St. John's church; Sakala Centre</small></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_et-Viljandi.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Viljandi"><img alt="Flag of Viljandi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_et-Viljandi.svg/125px-Flag_of_et-Viljandi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_et-Viljandi.svg/188px-Flag_of_et-Viljandi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_et-Viljandi.svg/250px-Flag_of_et-Viljandi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Et-Viljandi_coa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Viljandi"><img alt="Coat of arms of Viljandi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Et-Viljandi_coa.svg/75px-Et-Viljandi_coa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Et-Viljandi_coa.svg/113px-Et-Viljandi_coa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Et-Viljandi_coa.svg/150px-Et-Viljandi_coa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="404" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Viljandi is located in Europe"><img alt="Viljandi is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/375px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.648%;left:55.031%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Viljandi"><img alt="Viljandi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Viljandi</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Europe</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Viljandi is located in Baltic Sea"><img alt="Viljandi is located in Baltic Sea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png/250px-Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png/375px-Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png/500px-Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png 2x" data-file-width="869" data-file-height="1039" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.721%;left:76.852%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Viljandi"><img alt="Viljandi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Viljandi</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> region</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Baltic Sea</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Estonia_relief_map_(2005-2017).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Viljandi is located in Estonia"><img alt="Viljandi is located in Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Estonia_relief_map_%282005-2017%29.png/250px-Estonia_relief_map_%282005-2017%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Estonia_relief_map_%282005-2017%29.png/375px-Estonia_relief_map_%282005-2017%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Estonia_relief_map_%282005-2017%29.png/500px-Estonia_relief_map_%282005-2017%29.png 2x" data-file-width="833" data-file-height="696" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.531%;left:59.42%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Viljandi"><img alt="Viljandi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Viljandi</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Estonia</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Estonia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Viljandi&params=58_22_N_25_36_E_region:EE_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">58°22′N</span> <span class="longitude">25°36′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">58.367°N 25.600°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">58.367; 25.600</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Estonia" title="Counties of Estonia">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viljandimaa_lipp.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Viljandimaa_lipp.svg/23px-Viljandimaa_lipp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Viljandimaa_lipp.svg/35px-Viljandimaa_lipp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Viljandimaa_lipp.svg/46px-Viljandimaa_lipp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Viljandi_County" title="Viljandi County">Viljandi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1283</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Madis Timpson</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">14.62 km<sup>2</sup> (5.64 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">83 m (272 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2019)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">17,407<sup id="cite_ref-stat.ee_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat.ee-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Estonia" title="List of cities and towns in Estonia">6th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Estonians" title="Estonians">Estonians</a></th><td class="infobox-data">94%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • other</th><td class="infobox-data">2.1%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">71020</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">EE-897</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.viljandi.ee">www.viljandi.ee</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Viljandi</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Estonian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="et-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Estonian" title="Help:IPA/Estonian">[ˈvilʲːjɑnʲːdi]</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Fellin</i>, <a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a>: <i lang="lv">Vīlande</i>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Felin</i>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Fellin</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Populated_places_in_Estonia" title="Populated places in Estonia">town</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Estonia" title="Municipalities of Estonia">municipality</a> in southern <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> with a population of 17,407 in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-stat.ee_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat.ee-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the capital of <a href="/wiki/Viljandi_County" title="Viljandi County">Viljandi County</a> and is geographically located between two major Estonian cities, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a>. The town was first mentioned in 1283, upon being granted its town charter by Wilhelm von Endorpe. The town became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a> at the beginning of the 14th century, and is one of five Estonian towns and cities in the league. The once influential Estonian <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspaper</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Sakala_(newspaper)" title="Sakala (newspaper)">Sakala</a></i> was founded in Viljandi in 1878. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The flag of Viljandi is bi-coloured, its upper part is light blue and lower part white. The city's shield-shaped coat of arms is light blue, with a white rose in the middle. Viljandi is the white rose city – in midsummer there are 720 white roses flowering in front of the city hall, planted for the town's anniversary in 2003. In summer, the White Rose Day is celebrated in Viljandi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first records of civilization in the surroundings of Viljandi date back to the 5th millennium B.C. The first written record of the earthen <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">stronghold</a> of Viljandi was in the year 1154 in the commentaries to <a href="/wiki/Al-Idrisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Idrisi">al-Idrisi</a>'s world atlas <i>Geography</i>. </p><p>In the 12th century, a permanent settlement emerged around the <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">stronghold</a> of Viljandi, which also became the economic centre of the ancient Sakala district. </p><p>In 1211 the <a href="/wiki/Hillfort" title="Hillfort">hillfort</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Estonians" title="Estonians">Estonians</a> in Viljandi was besieged by a joint army of <a href="/wiki/German_people" class="mw-redirect" title="German people">Germans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvians" title="Latvians">Latvians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Livonians" title="Livonians">Livonians</a>. The Livonian <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Brothers_of_the_Sword" title="Livonian Brothers of the Sword">Sword Brethren</a> (later the <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian Order</a>) captured the hillfort in August 1223 from a contingent of the people of <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Ruthenians</a>, who joined forces with the insurgent Estonians. In place of the Sakala wooden stronghold a powerful Order Centre was started in 1224. The following year the Grand Master <a href="/wiki/Volquin" class="mw-redirect" title="Volquin">Volquin</a> led the construction of <a href="/wiki/Viljandi_Castle" title="Viljandi Castle">Viljandi Castle</a> at the site of the former hillfort. Viljandi (Fellin) castle was one of the largest in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_region" title="Baltic region">Baltic region</a>. It was a major fortification of the <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian Order</a> and was appointed a commander from 1248. The fortress was continually rebuilt and modernized over the next two-hundred years. </p><p>In the 13th century, a medieval town arose on the northern side of the stronghold. The Hamburg-Riga town <a href="/wiki/Bylaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Bylaw">bylaws</a>, lands and population of it were first recorded in 1283. During the first half of the 14th century, Viljandi joined the influential <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a> – the town had become an important stop for merchants on their way to Russia and back. In 1365, the town council was party when peace between Denmark and Hansa was concluded. </p><p>In 1470, Johann Wolthus von Herse, then master of the order, took up residence in the castle. In the Middle Ages, Viljandi was a typical small commercial town, which got its main income from transit trade. The local trade and handicraft played an equally important role. In 1481, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_III_of_Russia" title="Ivan III of Russia">Ivan III of Russia</a> laid siege to the castle but could not take it. The decline of Viljandi started during the <a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a> and in 1560, the forces of Knyaz <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Kurbsky" title="Andrey Kurbsky">Andrey Kurbsky</a> of <a href="/wiki/Muscovite_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscovite Russia">Muscovite Russia</a> succeeded in seizing and demolished the town and the stronghold. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Russian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Russian Wars">Polish–Russian War</a> in the first quarter of the 17th century, the town and the stronghold were destroyed. Under Swedish rule in the 17th century the town bylaws of Viljandi were cancelled. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a>, Russians seized the power and Viljandi was without laws until the year 1783, when in the course of the regency reforms of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine II</a> Viljandi became a district town. This involved the re-establishment of town bylaws. The economic and political importance of Viljandi started to increase. The population, meanwhile, having decreased to the minimum, started to rise again; handicraft, trading and cultural life were enlivened. </p><p>In 2005, Estonian Match, the successor of the 100-year-old Viljandi Match Factory, made a six-metre match, which was registered as the largest match in the world in the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Book of Records">Guinness Book of Records</a>. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viljandi_ordulinnuse_varemed.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruins of Viljandi Castle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Viljandi_ordulinnuse_varemed.jpg/1000px-Viljandi_ordulinnuse_varemed.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Viljandi_ordulinnuse_varemed.jpg/1500px-Viljandi_ordulinnuse_varemed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Viljandi_ordulinnuse_varemed.jpg/2000px-Viljandi_ordulinnuse_varemed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10805" data-file-height="2780" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Viljandi_ordulinnuse_varemed.jpg" title="File:Viljandi ordulinnuse varemed.jpg"> </a></div>Ruins of <a href="/wiki/Viljandi_Castle" title="Viljandi Castle">Viljandi Castle</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Viljandi (normals 1991–2020, extremes 1824–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5<br />(94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.5<br />(94.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7<br />(28.9) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.5<br />(29.3) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.4<br />(24.1) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.7<br />(30.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(34.2) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.4<br />(20.5) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.3<br />(18.9) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.2<br />(24.4) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1<br />(37.6) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.1<br />(24.6) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−35.2<br />(−31.4) </td> <td style="background: #2626FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−35.7<br />(−32.3) </td> <td style="background: #4949FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.1<br />(−20.4) </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−18<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5<br />(23) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.9<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.4<br />(24.1) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13<br />(9) </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−21.9<br />(−7.4) </td> <td style="background: #2B2BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−34.7<br />(−30.5) </td> <td style="background: #2626FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−35.7<br />(−32.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84<br />(3.3) </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76<br />(3.0) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89<br />(3.5) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79<br />(3.1) </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63<br />(2.5) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">747<br />(29.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.3 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.8 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">129.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000A5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">90 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000AD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88 </td> <td style="background: #0000A1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">91 </td> <td style="background: #0000A1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">91 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">81 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Weather_Service" title="Estonian Weather Service">Estonian Weather Service</a><sup id="cite_ref-temp_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-temp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-precip_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-precip-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-humidity_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-humidity-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-extremes_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-precipdays_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-precipdays-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Viljandi is sometimes called the cultural capital of Estonia, partly due to the <a href="/wiki/Viljandi_Culture_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Viljandi Culture Academy">Viljandi Culture Academy</a> being located there. <b><a href="/wiki/Ugala" title="Ugala">Ugala Theatre</a></b> since 1920, Viljandi has had the Ugala drama theatre. The tradition of open-air performances dates back to the same year. </p><p><b>Viljandi Puppet Theatre</b> </p><p><b>Sakala Centre</b> </p><p><b>Viljandi Library</b> built in 2002 is also a venue for exhibitions, meetings with famous people, culture seminars, etc. </p><p><b>Kondas Centre</b> is dedicated to Estonian naïve artist Paul Kondas. The center hosts exhibitions of representatives of naïvism and is also a meeting place for artistic people. </p><p><b>Estonian Traditional Music Centre</b> located in the Traditional Music Storehouse, a restored store house on Kirsimägi in the Castle ruins. The mission of the center is to promote and teach traditional music. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viljandi_2010_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Viljandi_2010_002.jpg/220px-Viljandi_2010_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Viljandi_2010_002.jpg/330px-Viljandi_2010_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Viljandi_2010_002.jpg/440px-Viljandi_2010_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Viljandi Folk Music Festival</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Ethnic composition 1922-2021 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Ethnicity </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1922_Estonian_Census&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1922 Estonian Census (page does not exist)">1922</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1934_Estonian_Census&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1934 Estonian Census (page does not exist)">1934</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1941<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Census_(1959)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Census (1959)">1959</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Census_(1970)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Census (1970)">1970</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Census_(1979)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Census (1979)">1979</a><sup id="cite_ref-:02_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Census_(1989)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Census (1989)">1989</a><sup id="cite_ref-:02_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2000_Estonia_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 Estonia Census">2000</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2011_Estonia_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Estonia Census">2011</a><sup id="cite_ref-RL0429_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RL0429-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Estonia_Census&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2021 Estonia Census (page does not exist)">2021</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th> <th>amount </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonians" title="Estonians">Estonians</a> </td> <td>8667 </td> <td>92.2 </td> <td>10998 </td> <td>93.3 </td> <td>10890 </td> <td>98.0 </td> <td>15422 </td> <td>86.1 </td> <td>17971 </td> <td>86.3 </td> <td>19469 </td> <td>87.0 </td> <td>20093 </td> <td>87.1 </td> <td>18995 </td> <td>91.5 </td> <td>16443 </td> <td>94.1 </td> <td>16230 </td> <td>94.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> </td> <td>124 </td> <td>1.32 </td> <td>204 </td> <td>1.73 </td> <td>119 </td> <td>1.07 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1912 </td> <td>9.19 </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>9.00 </td> <td>1899 </td> <td>8.23 </td> <td>1085 </td> <td>5.23 </td> <td>648 </td> <td>3.71 </td> <td>508 </td> <td>2.95 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0.02 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>151 </td> <td>0.73 </td> <td>212 </td> <td>0.95 </td> <td>363 </td> <td>1.57 </td> <td>194 </td> <td>0.93 </td> <td>128 </td> <td>0.73 </td> <td>169 </td> <td>0.98 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusians</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>50 </td> <td>0.24 </td> <td>90 </td> <td>0.40 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>0.43 </td> <td>55 </td> <td>0.26 </td> <td>35 </td> <td>0.20 </td> <td>33 </td> <td>0.19 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Finns" title="Finns">Finns</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>20 </td> <td>0.17 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>0.11 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>373 </td> <td>1.79 </td> <td>381 </td> <td>1.70 </td> <td>344 </td> <td>1.49 </td> <td>241 </td> <td>1.16 </td> <td>105 </td> <td>0.60 </td> <td>93 </td> <td>0.54 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> </td> <td>131 </td> <td>1.39 </td> <td>121 </td> <td>1.03 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>22 </td> <td>0.11 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>0.07 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>0.06 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0.03 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>0.05 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0.02 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvians" title="Latvians">Latvians</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>41 </td> <td>0.35 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>0.15 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>26 </td> <td>0.12 </td> <td>35 </td> <td>0.16 </td> <td>33 </td> <td>0.14 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>0.04 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0.02 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>0.08 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a> </td> <td>332 </td> <td>3.53 </td> <td>345 </td> <td>2.93 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>54 </td> <td>0.24 </td> <td>49 </td> <td>0.21 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>0.05 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0.04 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>0.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>9 </td> <td>0.04 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>0.06 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>0.04 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0.03 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0.03 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>13 </td> <td>0.11 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>0.15 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>20 </td> <td>0.09 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>0.09 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0.03 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>0.05 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>0.06 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanians</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0.05 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0.01 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>19 </td> <td>0.09 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>0.08 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>0.13 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>0.10 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>0.09 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>0.08 </td></tr> <tr> <td>unknown </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0.05 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0.02 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>68 </td> <td>0.33 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>0.05 </td> <td>22 </td> <td>0.13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>other </td> <td>142 </td> <td>1.51 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>0.27 </td> <td>51 </td> <td>0.46 </td> <td>2494 </td> <td>13.9 </td> <td>290 </td> <td>1.39 </td> <td>50 </td> <td>0.22 </td> <td>120 </td> <td>0.52 </td> <td>58 </td> <td>0.28 </td> <td>58 </td> <td>0.33 </td> <td>126 </td> <td>0.73 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total </th> <th>9396 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>11788 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>11109 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>17916 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>20814 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>22368 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>23080 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>20756 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>17473 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>17245 </th> <th>100 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3978.035783976px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1221.5448675752px; border-left-color:LightBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:LightBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:LightBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 352.45314152573px; border-left-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Pink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 199.34765443401px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 58.2948895253px; border-left-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:White"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Viljandi (2021) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat/rahvaloendus__rel2021__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__usk/RL21452">[1]</a> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:White; color:black;"> </span> Unaffiliated (83.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> Lutheran (9.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Pink; color:black;"> </span> Orthodox (3.0%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:LightBlue; color:black;"> </span> Others Christians (3.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;"> </span> Others Religions (0.9%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Grey; color:black;"> </span> Unknown (0.4%)</div> </div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viljandi_Kultuurikool_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Viljandi_Kultuurikool_2.JPG/220px-Viljandi_Kultuurikool_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Viljandi_Kultuurikool_2.JPG/330px-Viljandi_Kultuurikool_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Viljandi_Kultuurikool_2.JPG/440px-Viljandi_Kultuurikool_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Viljandi Culture School</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paala_j%C3%A4rv_aastal_2011.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Paala_j%C3%A4rv_aastal_2011.JPG/220px-Paala_j%C3%A4rv_aastal_2011.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Paala_j%C3%A4rv_aastal_2011.JPG/330px-Paala_j%C3%A4rv_aastal_2011.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Paala_j%C3%A4rv_aastal_2011.JPG/440px-Paala_j%C3%A4rv_aastal_2011.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1584" /></a><figcaption>Lake Paala (previously called the Valuoja reservoir) in Viljandi</figcaption></figure> <p>The town is situated on the north-western shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Viljandi" title="Lake Viljandi">Lake Viljandi</a>, which lies in the primeval valley. Green zones cover 27% of the town area. Public green areas cover about 418 <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">ha</a>, including 92 ha of parks. The largest is the nature-protected Castle Park, but also Valuoja Park, Kiigepark, Uueveski Park are worth mentioning. The main tree species are <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tilia" title="Tilia">lime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">birch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a>. The grandest tree-lined avenues are Maramaa (named after <a href="/wiki/August_Maramaa" title="August Maramaa">August Maramaa</a>, twice the mayor of Viljandi) and Lembitu avenues. Among foreign species, <a href="/wiki/American_larch" class="mw-redirect" title="American larch">American larch</a> can be found in Köler avenue and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_fir" title="Douglas fir">Douglas fir</a> in Uus street. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were 871 businesses in Viljandi on 1 May 2005, 50% of them in service, 45% in trade, and 5% in production areas. The major industries represented are the construction materials industry, textile industry, and food and bakery industry. In 2005, the Investor of the Year title was awarded to the waterworks operator AS Viljandi Veevärk, the Employer award to AS Toom Tekstiil, and the Sponsor of the Year title to AS Viljandi Metall. Unemployment rate among the working-age population in Viljandi was about 3%.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (December 2009)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viljandi_raudteejaam_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Viljandi_raudteejaam_3.jpg/220px-Viljandi_raudteejaam_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Viljandi_raudteejaam_3.jpg/330px-Viljandi_raudteejaam_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Viljandi_raudteejaam_3.jpg/440px-Viljandi_raudteejaam_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2893" data-file-height="1670" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Viljandi_railway_station" title="Viljandi railway station">Viljandi railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>At the moment, 3 modes of transport can be used – free local buses, road and rail. One of the most important is the <a href="/wiki/Viljandi_railway_station" title="Viljandi railway station">Viljandi railway station</a>, which was opened in 1897, through which the <a href="/wiki/Lelle" title="Lelle">Lelle</a>-Viljandi railway and the Viljandi-<a href="/wiki/M%C3%B5isak%C3%BCla" title="Mõisaküla">Mõisaküla</a> railway pass. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 7 schools and 7 kindergartens in Viljandi, a vocational secondary school and a university college. Special interests are catered for by a variety of institution providing extracurricular studies and activities in such fields as sports, music etc. The Youth Centre of Viljandi County is successful in offering various information and consulting services. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools_in_Viljandi">Schools in Viljandi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Schools in Viljandi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Primary Schools</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vjk.vil.ee">Viljandi Jakobsoni Kool</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.klk.vil.ee">Viljandi Kesklinna Kool</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paalalinna.ee">Viljandi Paalalinna Kool</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Viljandi_school_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Viljandi school shooting">Viljandi school shooting</a></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vkk.vil.ee">Viljandi Kaare Kool</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waldorf.vil.ee">Viljandi Vaba Waldorfkool</a></li></ul> <p><b>Grammar Schools</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.viljandigymnaasium.edu.ee">Viljandi Gümnaasium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vtg.vil.ee">Viljandi Täiskasvanute Gümnaasium</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocational_education">Vocational education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Vocational education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vocational education can be acquired at Viljandi Joint Vocational Secondary School. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Higher and applied higher education can be acquired at <a href="/wiki/Viljandi_Culture_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Viljandi Culture Academy">Viljandi Culture Academy</a> a college of the University of Tartu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extracurricular_educational_institutions">Extracurricular educational institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Extracurricular educational institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Viljandi Music School</li> <li>Viljandi Sports School</li> <li>Viljandi Art School</li> <li>Viljandi Youth Hobby Centre</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are sports events in Viljandi for both top athletes and amateurs. Family sports events, Sunday skiing trips, cycling tours in spring and autumn are very popular. In the city there are 53 sports clubs, a large sports hall and the new sports hall of Maagümnaasium. Also, the country's first artificial <a href="/wiki/Speed_skating_rink" title="Speed skating rink">speed skating oval</a> was opened in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon, the jogging and cycling track around Lake Viljandi will be completed. A new skateboarding and roller-skating area has been built in Männimäe. At the lakeside are tennis courts and the city stadium. </p><p>Several races are held in Viljandi – around Lake Viljandi and Lake Paala and up and down the Trepimägi stairs. The longest tradition – the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Race_around_Lake_Viljandi" title="Grand Race around Lake Viljandi">race around Lake Viljandi</a> has been organised since 1928. This race takes place annually on 1 May, with the number of participants being about 1300 in the recent years. The winners' names are cut into stone columns. The legendary Hubert Pärnakivi, whose monument is also a tribute to the race, was an 11-time winner of the race. </p><p>Other popular fields of sport in Viljandi are handball, football, volleyball, basketball, wrestling, archery and rowing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legends">Legends</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Legends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boatman_of_Viljandi">Boatman of Viljandi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Boatman of Viljandi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Often the popular song is sung about the Boatman of Viljandi or the legend of him is told. Long-long ago, as a young man he had once taken a young girl across the lake on a summer evening and fallen hopelessly in love with the girl's blue eyes. Nobody knows what happened on the lake, but on the other side, the girl just waved him good-bye and left... However, the Boatman, a grey old man now, is said to row on the lake to this day, longing to see those wonderful blue eyes again. </p><p>According to another story, it was a boatman from <a href="/wiki/Gauja" title="Gauja">Gauja</a> who had dedicated a song to his loved one. As the young woman had moved near Viljandi, the song had changed, too. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Viljandi as historic Hanseatic town is a member of the international <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League#Modern_.22City_League_The_HANSE.22" title="Hanseatic League">City League the Hanse</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Estonia" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Estonia">List of twin towns and sister cities in Estonia</a></div> <p>Viljandi is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ahrensburg" title="Ahrensburg">Ahrensburg</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cumberland,_Maryland" title="Cumberland, Maryland">Cumberland</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Esl%C3%B6v_Municipality" title="Eslöv Municipality">Eslöv</a>, Sweden</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Frostburg,_Maryland" title="Frostburg, Maryland">Frostburg</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4rn%C3%B6sand_Municipality" title="Härnösand Municipality">Härnösand</a>, Sweden</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kretinga" title="Kretinga">Kretinga</a>, Lithuania</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Porvoo" title="Porvoo">Porvoo</a>, Finland</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Telavi" title="Telavi">Telavi</a>, Georgia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ternopil" title="Ternopil">Ternopil</a>, Ukraine</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Valmiera" title="Valmiera">Valmiera</a>, Latvia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Thirlmere" title="Thirlmere">Thirlmere</a>, Australia</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Viljandi_Folk_Music_Festival" title="Viljandi Folk Music Festival">Viljandi Folk Music Festival</a></b> a music festival with a focus on European folk music. It is traditionally held in the end of July. In the year 2006, over 24,000 people attended the concerts. As such, it is the largest annual music festival in Estonia. Due to this, Viljandi is sometimes called the Estonian Capital of Folk Music.</li> <li><b>Early Music Festival</b></li> <li><b>Notafe Festival</b> – originally 'Noore Tantsu (Young Dance) Festival' : Annual experimental theater festival founded in 1993, traditionally held in mid July.</li> <li><b>Winter Folk Dance Festival</b></li> <li><b>"Theatre in Suitcase" puppet theatre festival</b></li> <li><b>Rock Ramp Festival</b>. In 2013, the 7th festival was held.<sup id="cite_ref-sakala.ee_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sakala.ee-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, last Rock Ramp took place.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>Viljandi Hanseatic Days</b> are traditionally held in June every year. The program covers different activities and events like a Hanseatic fair, where people can buy and sell traditional goods. The Viljandi Hanseatic Days also offer concerts and live performances from local and foreign performers. Different workshops are opened. Medieval sports games take place by the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Viljandi" title="Lake Viljandi">Lake Viljandi</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_Days_of_New_Time" title="Hanseatic Days of New Time">International Hanseatic Days</a></b> will be held in Viljandi from 2015.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Grand_Race_around_Lake_Viljandi" title="Grand Race around Lake Viljandi">Grand Race around Lake Viljandi</a></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notable residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaak_Aab" title="Jaak Aab">Jaak Aab</a> (born 1960), Estonian politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Clle_Aaskivi" title="Ülle Aaskivi">Ülle Aaskivi</a> (1950–2007), Estonian politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Akel" title="Friedrich Akel">Friedrich Akel</a> (1871–1941), Estonian politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liisa_Aibel" title="Liisa Aibel">Liisa Aibel</a> (born 1972), Estonian actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Alle" title="August Alle">August Alle</a> (1890–1952), Estonian author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Airapetjan" title="Stefan Airapetjan">Stefan Airapetjan</a> (born 1997), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meelis_Atonen" title="Meelis Atonen">Meelis Atonen</a> (born 1966), Estonian politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Burchard_D%C3%B6rbeck" title="Franz Burchard Dörbeck">Franz Burchard Dörbeck</a> (1799–1835), Baltic-German caricaturist and painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Eller" title="August Eller">August Eller</a> (1907–1990), Estonian chess player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_Fabricius" title="Dionysius Fabricius">Dionysius Fabricius</a> (1564–1617), chronicler and cleric during the Polish rule</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4ino_Ilus" title="Väino Ilus">Väino Ilus</a> (born 1929), Estonian writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Robert_Jakobson" title="Carl Robert Jakobson">Carl Robert Jakobson</a> (1841–1882), Estonian politician and journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaak_Joala" title="Jaak Joala">Jaak Joala</a> (1950–2014), Estonian singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaido_Kama" title="Kaido Kama">Kaido Kama</a> (born 1957), Estonian politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triinu_Kivilaan" title="Triinu Kivilaan">Triinu Kivilaan</a> (born 1989), former bassist of the band <a href="/wiki/Vanilla_Ninja" title="Vanilla Ninja">Vanilla Ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Kitzberg" title="August Kitzberg">August Kitzberg</a> (1855–1927), Estonian writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Klavan" title="Ragnar Klavan">Ragnar Klavan</a> (born 1985), Estonian footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Laidoner" title="Johan Laidoner">Johan Laidoner</a> (1884–1953), Estonian general and statesman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart_Laar" title="Mart Laar">Mart Laar</a> (born 1960), Estonian historian and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Leoke" title="Peter Leoke">Peter Leoke</a> (1892–1973), Estonian publisher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karin_Luts" title="Karin Luts">Karin Luts</a> (1904–1993), Estonian artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mait_Malmsten" title="Mait Malmsten">Mait Malmsten</a> (born 1972), Estonian actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karol_Mets" title="Karol Mets">Karol Mets</a> (born 1993), Estonian footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uno_Naissoo" title="Uno Naissoo">Uno Naissoo</a> (1928–1980), Estonian composer and music pedagogue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annely_Peebo" title="Annely Peebo">Annely Peebo</a> (born 1971), Estonian opera singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Pehap" title="Eric Pehap">Eric Pehap</a> (1912–1981), abstract artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sander_Post" title="Sander Post">Sander Post</a> (born 1984), Estonian footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joakim_Puhk" title="Joakim Puhk">Joakim Puhk</a> (1888–1942), Estonian entrepreneur and sports official</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Puskar" title="Viktor Puskar">Viktor Puskar</a> (1889–1943), Estonian military commander</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B5nis_R%C3%A4tsep" title="Tõnis Rätsep">Tõnis Rätsep</a> (born 1947), Estonian actor, musician, playwright and educator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Schiemann" title="Elisabeth Schiemann">Elisabeth Schiemann</a> (1881–1972), German geneticist and crop scientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helir-Valdor_Seeder" title="Helir-Valdor Seeder">Helir-Valdor Seeder</a> (born 1964), Estonian politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indrek_Taalmaa" title="Indrek Taalmaa">Indrek Taalmaa</a> (born 1967), Estonian actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joonas_Tamm" title="Joonas Tamm">Joonas Tamm</a> (born 1992), Estonian footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaan_T%C3%A4tte" title="Jaan Tätte">Jaan Tätte</a> (born 1964), Estonian dramatist, actor and singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaan_T%C3%B5nisson" title="Jaan Tõnisson">Jaan Tõnisson</a> (1868–1941), Estonian politician and journalist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viljandi_panoramic.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panoramic view of the town"><img alt="Panoramic view of the town" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Viljandi_panoramic.jpg/120px-Viljandi_panoramic.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Viljandi_panoramic.jpg/180px-Viljandi_panoramic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Viljandi_panoramic.jpg/240px-Viljandi_panoramic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="29184" data-file-height="6237" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Panoramic view of the town</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viljandi_Pauluse_kirik_31-08-2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Paul's church (Pauluse kirik)"><img alt="St. Paul's church (Pauluse kirik)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Viljandi_Pauluse_kirik_31-08-2012.jpg/120px-Viljandi_Pauluse_kirik_31-08-2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Viljandi_Pauluse_kirik_31-08-2012.jpg/180px-Viljandi_Pauluse_kirik_31-08-2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Viljandi_Pauluse_kirik_31-08-2012.jpg/240px-Viljandi_Pauluse_kirik_31-08-2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="2937" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">St. Paul's church (<i>Pauluse kirik</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viljandi_castle_southern_end.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Viljandi castle. Ruins at the southern end of the hill with Lake Viljandi in the background"><img alt="Viljandi castle. Ruins at the southern end of the hill with Lake Viljandi in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Viljandi_castle_southern_end.jpg/120px-Viljandi_castle_southern_end.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Viljandi_castle_southern_end.jpg/180px-Viljandi_castle_southern_end.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Viljandi_castle_southern_end.jpg/240px-Viljandi_castle_southern_end.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Viljandi castle. Ruins at the southern end of the hill with <a href="/wiki/Lake_Viljandi" title="Lake Viljandi">Lake Viljandi</a> in the background</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viljandi_2010_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Viljandi Folk Music Festival held annually within the castle ruins"><img alt="Viljandi Folk Music Festival held annually within the castle ruins" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Viljandi_2010_002.jpg/120px-Viljandi_2010_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Viljandi_2010_002.jpg/180px-Viljandi_2010_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Viljandi_2010_002.jpg/240px-Viljandi_2010_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Viljandi Folk Music Festival held annually within the castle ruins</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viljandi_vanalinna_muinsuskaitseala,_Hiire_ja_Johan_Laidoneri_plats_t%C3%A4nava_nurk.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Viljandi Town Heritage Conservation Area"><img alt="Viljandi Town Heritage Conservation Area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Viljandi_vanalinna_muinsuskaitseala%2C_Hiire_ja_Johan_Laidoneri_plats_t%C3%A4nava_nurk.JPG/120px-Viljandi_vanalinna_muinsuskaitseala%2C_Hiire_ja_Johan_Laidoneri_plats_t%C3%A4nava_nurk.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Viljandi_vanalinna_muinsuskaitseala%2C_Hiire_ja_Johan_Laidoneri_plats_t%C3%A4nava_nurk.JPG/180px-Viljandi_vanalinna_muinsuskaitseala%2C_Hiire_ja_Johan_Laidoneri_plats_t%C3%A4nava_nurk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Viljandi_vanalinna_muinsuskaitseala%2C_Hiire_ja_Johan_Laidoneri_plats_t%C3%A4nava_nurk.JPG/240px-Viljandi_vanalinna_muinsuskaitseala%2C_Hiire_ja_Johan_Laidoneri_plats_t%C3%A4nava_nurk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Viljandi Town Heritage Conservation Area</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elamu_Viljandis_Tallinna_16.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Main building of University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy on Tallinna tänav 16 in Viljandi"><img alt="Main building of University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy on Tallinna tänav 16 in Viljandi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Elamu_Viljandis_Tallinna_16.jpg/120px-Elamu_Viljandis_Tallinna_16.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Elamu_Viljandis_Tallinna_16.jpg/180px-Elamu_Viljandis_Tallinna_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Elamu_Viljandis_Tallinna_16.jpg/240px-Elamu_Viljandis_Tallinna_16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5127" data-file-height="2883" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Main building of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu_Viljandi_Culture_Academy" title="University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy">University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy</a> on Tallinna tänav 16 in Viljandi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viljandi_m%C3%B5isa_peahoone.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Viljandi manor main building"><img alt="Viljandi manor main building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Viljandi_m%C3%B5isa_peahoone.jpg/120px-Viljandi_m%C3%B5isa_peahoone.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Viljandi_m%C3%B5isa_peahoone.jpg/180px-Viljandi_m%C3%B5isa_peahoone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Viljandi_m%C3%B5isa_peahoone.jpg/240px-Viljandi_m%C3%B5isa_peahoone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4402" data-file-height="2569" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Viljandi manor main building</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Hotel_in_winter.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Grand Hotel Viljandi"><img alt="Grand Hotel Viljandi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Grand_Hotel_in_winter.JPG/120px-Grand_Hotel_in_winter.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Grand_Hotel_in_winter.JPG/180px-Grand_Hotel_in_winter.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Grand_Hotel_in_winter.JPG/240px-Grand_Hotel_in_winter.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="2992" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Grand Hotel Viljandi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viljandi_maag%C3%BCmnaasiumi_hoone.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Main building of Viljandi Gümnaasium"><img alt="Main building of Viljandi Gümnaasium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Viljandi_maag%C3%BCmnaasiumi_hoone.jpg/80px-Viljandi_maag%C3%BCmnaasiumi_hoone.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Viljandi_maag%C3%BCmnaasiumi_hoone.jpg/120px-Viljandi_maag%C3%BCmnaasiumi_hoone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Viljandi_maag%C3%BCmnaasiumi_hoone.jpg/159px-Viljandi_maag%C3%BCmnaasiumi_hoone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Main building of Viljandi Gümnaasium</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Viljandi" title="Lake Viljandi">Lake Viljandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viljandi_castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Viljandi castle">Viljandi castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu_Viljandi_Culture_Academy" title="University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy">University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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.citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=RV0240&ti=RAHVASTIK+SOO%2C+VANUSE+JA+2017%2E+AASTA+HALDUSREFORMI+J%C4RGSE+ELUKOHA+J%C4RGI%2C+1%2E+JAANUAR&path=../Database/Rahvastik/01Rahvastikunaitajad_ja_koosseis/04Rahvaarv_ja_rahvastiku_koosseis/&lang=2">"Statistikaamet"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistikaamet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpub.stat.ee%2Fpx-web.2001%2FDialog%2Fvarval.asp%3Fma%3DRV0240%26ti%3DRAHVASTIK%2BSOO%252C%2BVANUSE%2BJA%2B2017%252E%2BAASTA%2BHALDUSREFORMI%2BJ%25C4RGSE%2BELUKOHA%2BJ%25C4RGI%252C%2B1%252E%2BJAANUAR%26path%3D..%2FDatabase%2FRahvastik%2F01Rahvastikunaitajad_ja_koosseis%2F04Rahvaarv_ja_rahvastiku_koosseis%2F%26lang%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViljandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-temp-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-temp_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilmateenistus.ee/kliima/kliimanormid/ohutemperatuur/?lang=en">"Climate normals-Temperature"</a>. Estonian Weather Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+normals-Temperature&rft.pub=Estonian+Weather+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilmateenistus.ee%2Fkliima%2Fkliimanormid%2Fohutemperatuur%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViljandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-precip-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-precip_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilmateenistus.ee/kliima/kliimanormid/sademed/?lang=en">"Climate normals-Precipitation"</a>. Estonian Weather Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+normals-Precipitation&rft.pub=Estonian+Weather+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilmateenistus.ee%2Fkliima%2Fkliimanormid%2Fsademed%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViljandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-humidity-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-humidity_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilmateenistus.ee/kliima/kliimanormid/ohuniiskus/?lang=en">"Climate normals-Humidity"</a>. Estonian Weather Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+normals-Humidity&rft.pub=Estonian+Weather+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilmateenistus.ee%2Fkliima%2Fkliimanormid%2Fohuniiskus%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViljandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-extremes-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-extremes_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilmateenistus.ee/kliima/rekordid/ohutemperatuur/">"Rekordid"</a> (in Estonian). Estonian Weather Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rekordid&rft.pub=Estonian+Weather+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilmateenistus.ee%2Fkliima%2Frekordid%2Fohutemperatuur%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViljandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-precipdays-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-precipdays_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120222112141/http://www.emhi.ee/index.php?ide=6,299,303">"Kliimanormid-Sademed, õhuniiskus"</a> (in Estonian). Estonian Weather Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emhi.ee/index.php?ide=6,299,303">the original</a> on 22 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kliimanormid-Sademed%2C+%C3%B5huniiskus&rft.pub=Estonian+Weather+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emhi.ee%2Findex.php%3Fide%3D6%2C299%2C303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViljandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Estonia/CSV/Viljandi_26233.csv">"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climate+Normals+for+1991-2020&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F2.2%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2FEstonia%2FCSV%2FViljandi_26233.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViljandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digar.ee/id/nlib-digar:440178"><i>1922 a. üldrahvalugemise andmed. Vihk I ja II, Rahva demograafiline koosseis ja korteriolud Eestis</i></a> (in Estonian and French). Tallinn: Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo. 1924. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789916103067" title="Special:BookSources/9789916103067"><bdi>9789916103067</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1922+a.+%C3%BCldrahvalugemise+andmed.+Vihk+I+ja+II%2C+Rahva+demograafiline+koosseis+ja+korteriolud+Eestis&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Riigi+Statistika+Keskb%C3%BCroo&rft.date=1924&rft.isbn=9789916103067&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digar.ee%2Fid%2Fnlib-digar%3A440178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViljandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10062/4439"><i>Rahvastiku koostis ja korteriolud. 1.III 1934 rahvaloenduse andmed. Vihk II</i></a> (in Estonian and French). Tallinn: Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo. 1935. pp. 47–53. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10062%2F4439">10062/4439</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rahvastiku+koostis+ja+korteriolud.+1.III+1934+rahvaloenduse+andmed.+Vihk+II&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pages=47-53&rft.pub=Riigi+Statistika+Keskb%C3%BCroo&rft.date=1935&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10062%2F4439&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10062%2F4439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViljandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digar.ee/id/nlib-digar:117429"><i>Eesti Statistika : kuukiri 1942-03/04</i></a> (in German and Estonian). Tallinn: Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo. 1942. pp. 66–67.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eesti+Statistika+%3A+kuukiri+1942-03%2F04&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pages=66-67&rft.pub=Riigi+Statistika+Keskb%C3%BCroo&rft.date=1942&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digar.ee%2Fid%2Fnlib-digar%3A117429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViljandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatusPuurPõldmaSakkeus1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Katus, Kalev; Puur, Allan; Põldma, Asta; Sakkeus, Luule (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ester.ee/record=b1055791*est"><i>Rahvastiku ühtlusarvutatud sündmus- ja loendusstatistika: Viljandimaa 1965-1990</i></a>. Sari C (in Estonian and English). Tallinn: Eesti Kõrgkoolidevaheline Demouuringute Keskus. pp. 31–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9985-820-20-7" title="Special:BookSources/9985-820-20-7"><bdi>9985-820-20-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rahvastiku+%C3%BChtlusarvutatud+s%C3%BCndmus-+ja+loendusstatistika%3A+Viljandimaa+1965-1990&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.series=Sari+C&rft.pages=31-32&rft.pub=Eesti+K%C3%B5rgkoolidevaheline+Demouuringute+Keskus&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9985-820-20-7&rft.aulast=Katus&rft.aufirst=Kalev&rft.au=Puur%2C+Allan&rft.au=P%C3%B5ldma%2C+Asta&rft.au=Sakkeus%2C+Luule&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ester.ee%2Frecord%3Db1055791%2Aest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViljandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ester.ee/record=b1655518*est"><i>Население районов, городов и поселков городского типа Эстонской ССР : по данным Всесоюзной переписи населения на 15 января 1970 года</i></a> (in Russian). Tallinn: Eesti NSV Statistika Keskvalitsus. 1972. p. 76.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0+%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0+%3A+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+15+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F+1970+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Eesti+NSV+Statistika+Keskvalitsus&rft.date=1972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ester.ee%2Frecord%3Db1655518%2Aest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViljandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digar.ee/viewer/et/nlib-digar:375699/330970/page/30"><i>Eesti Vabariigi maakondade, linnade ja alevite rahvastik. 1. osa, Rahvaarv rahvuse, perekonnaseisu, hariduse ja elatusallikate järgi : 1989. a. rahvaloenduse andmed</i></a> (in Estonian). Tallinn: Eesti Vabariigi Riiklik Statistikaamet. 1990. pp. 31, 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9949-7193-2-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-9949-7193-2-7"><bdi>978-9949-7193-2-7</bdi></a> – via Digar.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eesti+Vabariigi+maakondade%2C+linnade+ja+alevite+rahvastik.+1.+osa%2C+Rahvaarv+rahvuse%2C+perekonnaseisu%2C+hariduse+ja+elatusallikate+j%C3%A4rgi+%3A+1989.+a.+rahvaloenduse+andmed&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pages=31%2C+36&rft.pub=Eesti+Vabariigi+Riiklik+Statistikaamet&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-9949-7193-2-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digar.ee%2Fviewer%2Fet%2Fnlib-digar%3A375699%2F330970%2Fpage%2F30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViljandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andmed.stat.ee:443/pxweb/et/stat/stat__rahvaloendus__rel2000__rahvus-emakeel-veerkeelte-oskus/RL222.px/">"RL222: RAHVASTIK ELUKOHA JA RAHVUSE JÄRGI"</a>. <i>Estonian Statistical Database</i> (in Estonian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Estonian+Statistical+Database&rft.atitle=RL222%3A+RAHVASTIK+ELUKOHA+JA+RAHVUSE+J%C3%84RGI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fandmed.stat.ee%3A443%2Fpxweb%2Fet%2Fstat%2Fstat__rahvaloendus__rel2000__rahvus-emakeel-veerkeelte-oskus%2FRL222.px%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViljandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RL0429-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RL0429_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andmed.stat.ee/et/stat/rahvaloendus__rel2011__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__rahvus-emakeel-ja-keelteoskus-murded/RL0429">"RL0429: RAHVASTIK RAHVUSE, SOO, VANUSERÜHMA JA ELUKOHA JÄRGI, 31. DETSEMBER 2011"</a>. <i>Estonian Statistical Database</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Estonian+Statistical+Database&rft.atitle=RL0429%3A+RAHVASTIK+RAHVUSE%2C+SOO%2C+VANUSER%C3%9CHMA+JA+ELUKOHA+J%C3%84RGI%2C+31.+DETSEMBER+2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fandmed.stat.ee%2Fet%2Fstat%2Frahvaloendus__rel2011__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__rahvus-emakeel-ja-keelteoskus-murded%2FRL0429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViljandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andmed.stat.ee:443/pxweb/et/stat/stat__rahvaloendus__rel2021__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__rahvus-emakeel/RL21429.px/">"RL21429: Rahvastik Rahvuse, Soo, Vanuserühma Ja ELukoha (Haldusüksus) Järgi, 31. DETSEMBER 2021"</a>. <i>Estonian Statistical Database</i> (in Estonian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Estonian+Statistical+Database&rft.atitle=RL21429%3A+Rahvastik+Rahvuse%2C+Soo%2C+Vanuser%C3%BChma+Ja+ELukoha+%28Haldus%C3%BCksus%29+J%C3%A4rgi%2C+31.+DETSEMBER+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fandmed.stat.ee%3A443%2Fpxweb%2Fet%2Fstat%2Fstat__rahvaloendus__rel2021__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__rahvus-emakeel%2FRL21429.px%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViljandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speedskatingnews.info/en/data/rink/ESVI/">EISBAHN VILJANDI</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.viljandi.ee/sopruslinnad">"Sõpruslinnad"</a>. <i>viljandi.ee</i> (in Estonian). Viljandi linn<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=viljandi.ee&rft.atitle=S%C3%B5pruslinnad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.viljandi.ee%2Fsopruslinnad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViljandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sakala.ee-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sakala.ee_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sakala.postimees.ee/1291408/rock-ramp-toob-38-esinejat">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Rock Ramp" toob 38 esinejat"</a>. <i>Sakala</i> (in Estonian). 6 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sakala&rft.atitle=%22Rock+Ramp%22+toob+38+esinejat&rft.date=2013-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsakala.postimees.ee%2F1291408%2Frock-ramp-toob-38-esinejat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViljandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ut.ee/klassik/lat/chindex.html">Heinrici (ca. 1187–1259) Chronicon Livoniae</a> see also <a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_Henry_of_Livonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronicle of Henry of Livonia">Chronicle of Henry of Livonia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Viljandi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Viljandi">Viljandi</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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Tourist Information Centre</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folk.ee/festival">Festival Viljandi Folk Music Festival</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080610141836/http://www.viljandi.net/">Viljandi this week, Nädal Viljandis, all events in Viljandi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110221212930/http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/tourism/eden/themes-destinations/countries/estonia/viljandi/index_en.htm">Awarded "EDEN - European Destinations of Excellence" non traditional tourist destination 2008</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Cities_of_Estonia" title="Template:Cities of Estonia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_of_Estonia" title="Template talk:Cities of Estonia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_of_Estonia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities of Estonia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_and_towns_of_Estonia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Estonia" title="List of cities and towns in Estonia">Cities and towns of Estonia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abja-Paluoja" title="Abja-Paluoja">Abja-Paluoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antsla" title="Antsla">Antsla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elva,_Estonia" title="Elva, Estonia">Elva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haapsalu" title="Haapsalu">Haapsalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B5geva" title="Jõgeva">Jõgeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B5hvi" title="Jõhvi">Jõhvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallaste" title="Kallaste">Kallaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4rdla" title="Kärdla">Kärdla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karksi-Nuia" title="Karksi-Nuia">Karksi-Nuia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehra" title="Kehra">Kehra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keila" title="Keila">Keila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilingi-N%C3%B5mme" title="Kilingi-Nõmme">Kilingi-Nõmme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivi%C3%B5li" title="Kiviõli">Kiviõli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohtla-J%C3%A4rve" title="Kohtla-Järve">Kohtla-Järve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunda,_Estonia" title="Kunda, Estonia">Kunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuressaare" title="Kuressaare">Kuressaare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lihula" title="Lihula">Lihula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loksa" title="Loksa">Loksa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maardu" title="Maardu">Maardu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B5isak%C3%BCla" title="Mõisaküla">Mõisaküla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustvee" title="Mustvee">Mustvee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narva-J%C3%B5esuu" title="Narva-Jõesuu">Narva-Jõesuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otep%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Otepää">Otepää</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paide" title="Paide">Paide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paldiski" title="Paldiski">Paldiski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5ltsamaa" title="Põltsamaa">Põltsamaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5lva" title="Põlva">Põlva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%BCssi" title="Püssi">Püssi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakvere" title="Rakvere">Rakvere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4pina" title="Räpina">Räpina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapla" title="Rapla">Rapla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saue" title="Saue">Saue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sillam%C3%A4e" title="Sillamäe">Sillamäe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindi,_Estonia" title="Sindi, Estonia">Sindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suure-Jaani" title="Suure-Jaani">Suure-Jaani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamsalu" title="Tamsalu">Tamsalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapa,_Estonia" title="Tapa, Estonia">Tapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B5rva" title="Tõrva">Tõrva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCri" title="Türi">Türi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valga,_Estonia" title="Valga, Estonia">Valga</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Viljandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5hma" title="Võhma">Võhma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5ru" title="Võru">Võru</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Small_coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Estonia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Small_coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Small_coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Small_coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg/53px-Small_coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Small_coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg/70px-Small_coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="365" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.4em 0 0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><div><a href="/wiki/Ivangorod" title="Ivangorod">Jaanilinn (Ivangorod)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pechory" title="Pechory">Petseri (Pechory)</a> were annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in 1945 and are currently part of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="26px&#124;Coat_of_arms_of_Viljandi_County_Municipalities_of_Viljandi_County" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Viljandimaa" title="Template:Viljandimaa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Viljandimaa" title="Template talk:Viljandimaa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Viljandimaa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Viljandimaa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="26px&#124;Coat_of_arms_of_Viljandi_County_Municipalities_of_Viljandi_County" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viljandimaa_lipp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Viljandi County"><img alt="Coat of arms of Viljandi County" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Viljandimaa_lipp.svg/26px-Viljandimaa_lipp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Viljandimaa_lipp.svg/39px-Viljandimaa_lipp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Viljandimaa_lipp.svg/52px-Viljandimaa_lipp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Estonia" title="Municipalities of Estonia">Municipalities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Viljandi_County" title="Viljandi County">Viljandi County</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban municipalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Viljandi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viljandimaa_vapp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Viljandi County"><img alt="Coat of arms of Viljandi County" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Viljandimaa_vapp.svg/40px-Viljandimaa_vapp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Viljandimaa_vapp.svg/60px-Viljandimaa_vapp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Viljandimaa_vapp.svg/80px-Viljandimaa_vapp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural municipalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mulgi_Parish" title="Mulgi Parish">Mulgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5hja-Sakala_Parish" title="Põhja-Sakala Parish">Põhja-Sakala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viljandi_Parish" title="Viljandi Parish">Viljandi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Hanseatic_League_by_quarter,_and_trading_posts_of_the_Hanseatic_League" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanseatic_League" title="Template:Hanseatic League"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hanseatic_League" title="Template talk:Hanseatic League"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hanseatic_League" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hanseatic League"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Hanseatic_League_by_quarter,_and_trading_posts_of_the_Hanseatic_League" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a> by quarter, and trading posts of the Hanseatic League</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em;line-height:1.25em;"><div><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Chief cities shown in <span class="smallcaps">smallcaps</span>.</li><li><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Free Imperial Cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wendish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lübeck" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;;padding:0.75em 1.0em;"><span class="smallcaps"><i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anklam" title="Anklam">Anklam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demmin" title="Demmin">Demmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greifswald" title="Greifswald">Greifswald</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg">Kolberg <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kołobrzeg)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCneburg" title="Lüneburg">Lüneburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar%C5%82owo" title="Darłowo">Rügenwalde <span style="font-size:85%;">(Darłowo)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Stettin <span style="font-size:85%;">(Szczecin)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upsk" title="Słupsk">Stolp <span style="font-size:85%;">(Słupsk)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargard" title="Stargard">Stargard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stralsund" title="Stralsund">Stralsund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visby" title="Visby">Visby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wismar" title="Wismar">Wismar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Principal trading routes of the Hanseatic League"><img alt="Principal trading routes of the Hanseatic League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/150px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/225px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/300px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="603" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lubeck — a main city of the Hanseatic League"><img alt="Lubeck — a main city of the Hanseatic League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg/150px-Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg/225px-Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg/300px-Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3720" data-file-height="2996" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Saxon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="BrunswickMagdeburg" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="smallcaps"><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Brunswick</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt an der Oder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goslar" title="Goslar">Goslar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChlhausen" title="Mühlhausen">Mühlhausen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nordhausen,_Thuringia" title="Nordhausen, Thuringia">Nordhausen</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Baltic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Danzig(Gdańsk)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk"><span class="smallcaps">Danzig</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(Gdańsk)</span></span></a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau <span style="font-size:85%;">(Wrocław)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Dorpat <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tartu)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbl%C4%85g" title="Elbląg">Elbing <span style="font-size:85%;">(Elbląg)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg">Königsberg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Cracow <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kraków)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Reval <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tallinn)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga <span style="font-size:85%;">(Rīga)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Thorn <span style="font-size:85%;">(Toruń)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Westphalian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cologne_1Dortmund_1" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="smallcaps"><i><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></i></span> <span class="nobold"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span><br /><span class="smallcaps"><i><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></i></span> <span class="nobold"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deventer" title="Deventer">Deventer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampen,_Overijssel" title="Kampen, Overijssel">Kampen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soest,_Germany" title="Soest, Germany">Soest</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zutphen" title="Zutphen">Zutphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwolle" title="Zwolle">Zwolle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><hr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Kontor" title="Kontor">Kontore</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bryggen" title="Bryggen">Bryggen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontor_of_Bruges" title="Kontor of Bruges">Kontor of Bruges</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a><sup>2</sup><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steelyard" title="Steelyard">Steelyard</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterhof_(Novgorod)" title="Peterhof (Novgorod)">Peterhof</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Novgorod</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Vitten</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falsterbo" title="Falsterbo">Falsterbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Lynn" title="King's Lynn">Bishop's Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston,_Lincolnshire" title="Boston, Lincolnshire">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Ipswich" title="Port of Ipswich">Ipswich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leith" title="Leith">Leith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herford" title="Herford">Herford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk">Polotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pskov_Republic" title="Pskov Republic">Pskov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Yarmouth" title="Great Yarmouth">Yarmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;line-height:1.25em;"><div><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a> were both chief city of the Westphalian Quarter at different times.</li><li><sup><small>2</small></sup> The kontor was moved to <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> once <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a> became inaccessible due to the silting of the <a href="/wiki/Zwin" title="Zwin">Zwin</a> channel.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44840#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44840#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Viljandi (Estonsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1020868&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX458995">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/a0000003813158">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559919905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/5263e790-1c29-4949-a01b-297fd04f026a">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&oldid=1253842474">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viljandi&oldid=1253842474</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Viljandi" title="Category:Viljandi">Viljandi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Estonia" 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