CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Battle of Jaffa (1192) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"0b521e6d-9bbd-4545-ba62-85a717712724","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)","wgTitle":"Battle of Jaffa (1192)","wgCurRevisionId":1258519970,"wgRevisionId":1258519970,"wgArticleId":2979565,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","Conflicts in 1192","1192 in Asia","1190s in the Kingdom of Jerusalem","Richard I of England","Battles of the Third Crusade","Battles involving England","Battles involving the Ayyubids","Battles of Saladin","1190s in the Ayyubid Sultanate","Military history of Jaffa"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)","wgRelevantArticleId":2979565,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":32.05440833333333,"lon":34.751644444444445},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false, "wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2008448","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Battle_of_Jaffa_%281192%29.jpg/1200px-Battle_of_Jaffa_%281192%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1173"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Battle_of_Jaffa_%281192%29.jpg/800px-Battle_of_Jaffa_%281192%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="782"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Battle_of_Jaffa_%281192%29.jpg/640px-Battle_of_Jaffa_%281192%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="625"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Battle of Jaffa (1192) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Battle_of_Jaffa_1192 rootpage-Battle_of_Jaffa_1192 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Battle+of+Jaffa+%281192%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Battle+of+Jaffa+%281192%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Battle+of+Jaffa+%281192%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Battle+of+Jaffa+%281192%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Prelude" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prelude"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Prelude</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prelude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contest_for_the_control_of_Jaffa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contest_for_the_control_of_Jaffa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Contest for the control of Jaffa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contest_for_the_control_of_Jaffa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contest for the control of Jaffa subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contest_for_the_control_of_Jaffa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Saladin_takes_Jaffa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saladin_takes_Jaffa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Saladin takes Jaffa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saladin_takes_Jaffa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Richard_storms_Jaffa_from_the_sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Richard_storms_Jaffa_from_the_sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Richard storms Jaffa from the sea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Richard_storms_Jaffa_from_the_sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_–_Saladin's_counterattack_defeated" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_–_Saladin's_counterattack_defeated"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Battle – Saladin's counterattack defeated</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_–_Saladin's_counterattack_defeated-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Secondary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Jaffa (1192)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7_(1192)" title="معركة يافا (1192) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معركة يافا (1192)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%A1%D6%86%D6%86%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%83%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF_(1192)" title="Եաֆֆայի Ճակատամարտ (1192) – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Եաֆֆայի Ճակատամարտ (1192)" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%A4%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%88_(%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B2)" title="یافا دؤیوشو (۱۱۹۲) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یافا دؤیوشو (۱۱۹۲)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Jaffa" title="Batalla de Jaffa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batalla de Jaffa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_von_Jaffa" title="Schlacht von Jaffa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht von Jaffa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Jafa_(1192)" title="Batalla de Jafa (1192) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Jafa (1192)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalo_de_Jafo" title="Batalo de Jafo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Batalo de Jafo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7_(%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B2)" title="نبرد یافا (۱۱۹۲) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد یافا (۱۱۹۲)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Jaffa_(1192)" title="Bataille de Jaffa (1192) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Jaffa (1192)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%A1%D6%86%D6%86%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF_(1192)" title="Յաֆֆայի ճակատամարտ (1192) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յաֆֆայի ճակատամարտ (1192)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Giaffa" title="Battaglia di Giaffa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Giaffa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="იაფის ბრძოლა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იაფის ბრძოლა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7_(1192)" title="معركة يافا (1192) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="معركة يافا (1192)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_bij_Jaffa" title="Slag bij Jaffa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag bij Jaffa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Jaf%C4%85" title="Bitwa pod Jafą – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Jafą" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%AF%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5" title="Битва при Яффе – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Битва при Яффе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7_(%D9%A1%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A2)" title="جەنگی یافا (١١٩٢) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جەنگی یافا (١١٩٢)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%88%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5_(1192)" title="Битка код Јафе (1192) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Битка код Јафе (1192)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaffan_taistelu" title="Jaffan taistelu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jaffan taistelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2008448#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&oldid=1258519970" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Battle_of_Jaffa_%281192%29&id=1258519970&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBattle_of_Jaffa_%281192%29"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBattle_of_Jaffa_%281192%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Battle_of_Jaffa_%281192%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2008448" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&params=32_3_15.87_N_34_45_5.92_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°3′15.87″N</span> <span class="longitude">34°45′5.92″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.0544083°N 34.7516444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.0544083; 34.7516444</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Battle of the Third Crusade</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the battle during the Third Crusade. For the battle during the First World War, see <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1917)" title="Battle of Jaffa (1917)">Battle of Jaffa (1917)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Jaffa</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third Crusade</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Battle_of_Jaffa_%281192%29.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Jaffa_%281192%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Battle_of_Jaffa_%281192%29.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Jaffa_%281192%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Battle_of_Jaffa_%281192%29.jpg/440px-Battle_of_Jaffa_%281192%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1756" data-file-height="1716" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>8 August 1192 (the conflict at Jaffa extended from 27 July to 8 August)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Crusader victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Angevin_Empire" title="Angevin Empire">Angevin Empire</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Republic of Pisa</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubids</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I, King of England</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> An unknown number of the garrison of Jaffa<br /><br />54 knights, 300-500 infantry, 2,000 Genoese and Pisan crossbowmen + unknown number of sailors (only the numbers of knights and Italians are recorded in primary sources)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 7,000 to 10,000 heavy and light cavalry</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> At least 2 dead, many wounded<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 700 dead + 1,500 horses<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Third_Crusade" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Third_Crusade" title="Template:Campaignbox Third Crusade"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Third_Crusade" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Third Crusade"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Third_Crusade" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Third Crusade"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Third_Crusade" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third Crusade</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alvor_massacre" title="Alvor massacre">Alvor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Silves_(1189)" title="Siege of Silves (1189)">Silves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1189%E2%80%931191)" title="Siege of Acre (1189–1191)">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Philomelion_(1190)" title="Battle of Philomelion (1190)">Philomelion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iconium_(1190)" title="Battle of Iconium (1190)">Iconium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsuf" title="Battle of Arsuf">Arsuf</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jaffa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crusades:_battles_in_the_Levant_(1096–1303)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Crusades_Battles" title="Template:Campaignbox Crusades Battles"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Crusades_Battles" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Crusades Battles"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Crusades_Battles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Crusades Battles"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crusades:_battles_in_the_Levant_(1096–1303)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>: battles in the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> (1096–1303)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Xerigordos" title="Siege of Xerigordos">Xerigordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Civetot" title="Battle of Civetot">Civetot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nicaea" title="Siege of Nicaea">Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dorylaeum_(1097)" title="Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)">1st Dorylaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antioch" title="Siege of Antioch">1st Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_to_Samosata" title="Expedition to Samosata">Samosata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antioch_(1098)" title="Battle of Antioch (1098)">2nd Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ma%27arra" title="Siege of Ma'arra">Ma'arra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_from_Antioch_to_Jerusalem_during_the_First_Crusade" title="March from Antioch to Jerusalem during the First Crusade">Arqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1099)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1099)">1st Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ascalon" title="Battle of Ascalon">1st Ascalon</a></li></ul> <p><b>Period post-First Crusade</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_siege_of_Arsuf" title="First siege of Arsuf">Arsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Melitene" title="Battle of Melitene">Melitene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mersivan" title="Battle of Mersivan">Mersivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_1101#The_Nivernois" title="Crusade of 1101">1st Heraclea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_1101#The_French_and_Bavarians" title="Crusade of 1101">2nd Heraclea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramla_(1101)" title="Battle of Ramla (1101)">1st Ramla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramla_(1102)" title="Battle of Ramla (1102)">2nd Ramla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripoli" title="Siege of Tripoli">1st Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1103)" title="Siege of Acre (1103)">1st Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1104)" title="Siege of Acre (1104)">2nd Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harran" title="Battle of Harran">Harran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramla_(1105)" title="Battle of Ramla (1105)">3rd Ramla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Artah" title="Battle of Artah">Artah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Beirut_(1110)" title="Siege of Beirut (1110)">Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sidon" title="Siege of Sidon">Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tyre_(1111%E2%80%931112)" title="Siege of Tyre (1111–1112)">1st Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shaizar" title="Battle of Shaizar">1st Shaizar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Sannabra" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Al-Sannabra">Al-Sannabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarmin" title="Battle of Sarmin">Sarmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ager_Sanguinis" title="Battle of Ager Sanguinis">Ager Sanguinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hab" title="Battle of Hab">Hab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Crusade" title="Venetian Crusade">Jaffa and 2nd Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yibneh" title="Battle of Yibneh">Yibneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Aleppo_(1124)" title="Siege of Aleppo (1124)">1st Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Azaz_(1125)" title="Battle of Azaz (1125)">Azaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_al-Saffar_(1126)" title="Battle of Marj al-Saffar (1126)">Marj al-Saffar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Atharib_(1130)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Atharib (1130)">al-Atharib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafaniyya" title="Battle of Rafaniyya">Rafaniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zengid_campaign_against_Antioch" title="Zengid campaign against Antioch">Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qinnasrin" title="Battle of Qinnasrin">Qinnasrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ba%27rin" title="Battle of Ba'rin">Ba'rin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Aleppo_(1138)" title="Siege of Aleppo (1138)">2nd Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shaizar" title="Siege of Shaizar">2nd Shaizar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Edessa_(1144)" title="Siege of Edessa (1144)">Edessa 1144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Edessa_(1146)" title="Siege of Edessa (1146)">Edessa 1146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosra_(1147)" title="Battle of Bosra (1147)">Bosra</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Crusade" title="Second Crusade">Second Crusade</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Constantinople_(1147)" title="Battle of Constantinople (1147)">1st Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dorylaeum_(1147)" title="Battle of Dorylaeum (1147)">2nd Dorylaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ephesus_(1147)" title="Battle of Ephesus (1147)">Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Meander" title="Battle of the Meander">Meander Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Cadmus" title="Battle of Mount Cadmus">Mount Cadmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damascus_(1148)" title="Siege of Damascus (1148)">Damascus</a></li></ul> <p><b>Period post-Second Crusade</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Inab" title="Battle of Inab">Inab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aintab" title="Battle of Aintab">Aintab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ascalon" title="Siege of Ascalon">2nd Ascalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Huleh_(1157)" title="Battle of Lake Huleh (1157)">Lake Huleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Butaiha" title="Battle of Butaiha">Butaiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Buqaia" title="Battle of al-Buqaia">al-Buqaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harim" title="Battle of Harim">Harim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bilbeis" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Bilbeis">1st Bilbeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Babein" title="Battle of al-Babein">al-Babein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Alexandria_(1167)" title="Siege of Alexandria (1167)">1st Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Bilbeis" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Bilbeis">2nd Bilbeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damietta_(1169)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Damietta (1169)">1st Damietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ayla" title="Siege of Ayla">Ayla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Alexandria_(1174)" title="Siege of Alexandria (1174)">2nd Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montgisard" title="Battle of Montgisard">Montgisard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hama_(1178)" title="Battle of Hama (1178)">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Banias" title="Battle of Banias">Banias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_Ayyun" title="Battle of Marj Ayyun">Marj Ayyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jacob%27s_Ford" title="Siege of Jacob's Ford">Jacob's Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Acre_(1179)" title="Attack on Acre (1179)">3rd Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusader_raids_on_the_Red_Sea" title="Crusader raids on the Red Sea">Red Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Belvoir_Castle" title="Battle of Belvoir Castle">1st Belvoir Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Fule" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Al-Fule">Al-Fule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kerak" title="Siege of Kerak">1st Kerak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cresson" title="Battle of Cresson">Cresson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kerak_(1187%E2%80%931188)" title="Siege of Kerak (1187–1188)">2nd Kerak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hattin" title="Battle of Hattin">Hattin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1187)">2nd Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tyre_(1187)" title="Siege of Tyre (1187)">3rd Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belvoir_Castle" title="Siege of Belvoir Castle">2nd Belvoir Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Laodicea_(1188)" title="Siege of Laodicea (1188)">Laodicea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sahyun_Castle" title="Siege of Sahyun Castle">Sahyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Al-Shughur" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Al-Shughur">Al-Shughur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bourzey_Castle" title="Siege of Bourzey Castle">Bourzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Safed_(1188)" title="Siege of Safed (1188)">Safed</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third Crusade</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1189%E2%80%931191)" title="Siege of Acre (1189–1191)">4th Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Philomelion_(1190)" title="Battle of Philomelion (1190)">Philomelion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iconium_(1190)" title="Battle of Iconium (1190)">Iconium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsuf" title="Battle of Arsuf">1st Arsuf</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1st Jaffa</a></li></ul> <p><b>Period post-Third Crusade</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1197)" title="Battle of Jaffa (1197)">2nd Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toron" title="Siege of Toron">Toron</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zara" title="Siege of Zara">Zara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Constantinople_(1203)" title="Siege of Constantinople (1203)">2nd Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Constantinople" title="Sack of Constantinople">3rd Constantinople</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Crusade" title="Fifth Crusade">Fifth Crusade</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mount_Tabor" title="Siege of Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Machghara" title="Battle of Machghara">Machghara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damietta_(1218%E2%80%931219)" title="Siege of Damietta (1218–1219)">2nd Damietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fariskur_(1219)" title="Battle of Fariskur (1219)">1st Fariskur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mansurah_(1221)" title="Battle of Mansurah (1221)">1st Mansurah</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Crusade" title="Sixth Crusade">Sixth Crusade</a> and aftermath</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_at_Gaza_(1239)" title="Battle at Gaza (1239)">Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1244)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1244)">3rd Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Forbie" title="Battle of Forbie">Forbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ascalon_(1247)" title="Siege of Ascalon (1247)">3rd Ascalon</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Crusade" title="Seventh Crusade">Seventh Crusade</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damietta_(1249)" title="Siege of Damietta (1249)">3rd Damietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mansurah_(1250)" title="Battle of Mansurah (1250)">2nd Mansurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fariskur_(1250)" title="Battle of Fariskur (1250)">2nd Fariskur</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Outremer" title="Fall of Outremer">End of the Crusader states in the Levant</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Arsuf" title="Fall of Arsuf">2nd Arsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Caesarea" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Caesarea">Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Haifa_(1265)" title="Fall of Haifa (1265)">Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Safed_(1266)" title="Siege of Safed (1266)">Safed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antioch_(1268)" title="Siege of Antioch (1268)">2nd Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Crusade" title="Eighth Crusade">Eighth Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Krak_des_Chevaliers" title="Fall of Krak des Chevaliers">Krak des Chevaliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripoli_(1271)" title="Siege of Tripoli (1271)">2nd Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Edward%27s_Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Edward's Crusade">Lord Edward's Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Homs" title="Second Battle of Homs">Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Margat" title="Siege of Margat">Margat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Tripoli_(1289)" title="Fall of Tripoli (1289)">3rd Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1291)" title="Siege of Acre (1291)">4th Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Ruad" title="Fall of Ruad">Ruad</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ayyubid–Crusader_conflict_(1169–1254)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Ayyubid%E2%80%93Crusader_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Ayyubid–Crusader War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Ayyubid%E2%80%93Crusader_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Ayyubid–Crusader War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Ayyubid%E2%80%93Crusader_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Ayyubid–Crusader War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ayyubid–Crusader_conflict_(1169–1254)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Crusader_states" title="Military history of the Crusader states"><span class="wrap">Ayyubid–Crusader conflict</span></a> <br /> <span class="nobold">(1169–1254)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damietta_(1169)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Damietta (1169)">1st Damietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ayla" title="Siege of Ayla">Ayla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Alexandria_(1174)" title="Siege of Alexandria (1174)">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montgisard" title="Battle of Montgisard">Montgisard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hama_(1178)" title="Battle of Hama (1178)">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Banias" title="Battle of Banias">Banias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_Ayyun" title="Battle of Marj Ayyun">Marj Ayyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jacob%27s_Ford" title="Siege of Jacob's Ford">Jacob's Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Acre_(1179)" title="Attack on Acre (1179)">1st Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusader_raids_on_the_Red_Sea" title="Crusader raids on the Red Sea">Red Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Belvoir_Castle" title="Battle of Belvoir Castle">1st Belvoir Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Fule" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Al-Fule">Al-Fule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kerak" title="Siege of Kerak">1st Kerak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cresson" title="Battle of Cresson">Cresson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kerak_(1187%E2%80%931188)" title="Siege of Kerak (1187–1188)">2nd Kerak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hattin" title="Battle of Hattin">Hattin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1187)">1st Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tyre_(1187)" title="Siege of Tyre (1187)">Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belvoir_Castle" title="Siege of Belvoir Castle">2nd Belvoir Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Laodicea_(1188)" title="Siege of Laodicea (1188)">Laodicea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sahyun_Castle" title="Siege of Sahyun Castle">Sahyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Al-Shughur" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Al-Shughur">Al-Shughur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bourzey_Castle" title="Siege of Bourzey Castle">Bourzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Safed_(1188)" title="Siege of Safed (1188)">Safed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1189%E2%80%931191)" title="Siege of Acre (1189–1191)">2nd Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsuf" title="Battle of Arsuf">Arsuf</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1st Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1197)" title="Battle of Jaffa (1197)">2nd Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toron" title="Siege of Toron">Toron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mount_Tabor" title="Siege of Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Machghara" title="Battle of Machghara">Machghara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damietta_(1218%E2%80%931219)" title="Siege of Damietta (1218–1219)">2nd Damietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fariskur_(1219)" title="Battle of Fariskur (1219)">1st Fariskur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Limassol" title="Attack on Limassol">Limassol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mansurah_(1221)" title="Battle of Mansurah (1221)">1st Mansurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_at_Gaza_(1239)" title="Battle at Gaza (1239)">1st Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1244)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1244)">2nd Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Forbie" title="Battle of Forbie">2nd Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ascalon_(1247)" title="Siege of Ascalon (1247)">Ascalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damietta_(1249)" title="Siege of Damietta (1249)">3rd Damietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mansurah_(1250)" title="Battle of Mansurah (1250)">2nd Mansurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fariskur_(1250)" title="Battle of Fariskur (1250)">2nd Fariskur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Jaffa</b> took place during the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>, as one of a series of campaigns between the army of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> (Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb) and the Crusader forces led by <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">King Richard I of England</a> (known as Richard the Lionheart). It was the final battle of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third Crusade</a>, after which Saladin and King Richard were able to negotiate a truce. Although the Crusaders did not regain possession of Jerusalem, <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> pilgrims were permitted entry into the city, and the Crusaders were able to retain control of a sizable strip of land stretching from <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> to Jaffa. </p><p>Although largely a footnote among the greater events that unfolded during the Crusades, the battle was a decisive encounter, in that it forced Saladin to negotiate an end to the immediate hostilities. The battle illustrated the determined spirit of Saladin and the courage and tactical skill of Richard. It was the final armed encounter between the two monarchs before the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Jaffa_(1192)" title="Treaty of Jaffa (1192)">Treaty of Jaffa</a> brought the Crusade to an end. The battle ensured that the Crusader presence in the south of <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> was secure. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Prelude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 7 September 1191, after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsuf" title="Battle of Arsuf">Battle of Arsuf</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusader</a> army proceeded from <a href="/wiki/Arsuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsuf">Arsuf</a> to <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>, which the Crusaders took and fortified. Jaffa, they hoped, would be the base of operations in a drive to reconquer <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> itself. As the winter of 1191–1192 approached, sporadic negotiations between <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard the Lionheart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> were taken up, though without any immediate result.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerbruggen1997239_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbruggen1997239-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late November 1191 the Crusader army advanced inland towards Jerusalem. In early December Saladin was under pressure from his emirs to disband the greater part of his army, which he reluctantly did on the twelfth of that month. Learning this, Richard pushed his army forward, spending Christmas at Latrun. The army then marched to Beit Nuba, only 12 miles from Jerusalem. Muslim morale in Jerusalem was so low that the arrival of the Crusaders would probably have caused the city to fall quickly. However, the weather was appallingly bad, cold with heavy rain and hailstorms. The poor weather, combined with the fear that if it besieged Jerusalem the Crusader army might be trapped by a relieving force, caused the decision to retreat back to the coast to be made.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the winter months, Richard's men occupied and refortified <a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="Ashkelon">Ascalon</a>, whose fortifications had earlier been razed by Saladin. The spring of 1192 saw continued negotiations and further skirmishing between the opposing forces. The Crusader army made another advance on Jerusalem, coming within sight of the city before being forced to retreat once again because of dissension amongst its leaders. During this period, Richard began to receive disturbing news of the activities of his brother <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John</a> and the French king, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Augustus" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Augustus">Philip Augustus</a>. As the spring gave way to summer, it became evident that Richard would soon have to return to his own lands to safeguard his interests.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contest_for_the_control_of_Jaffa">Contest for the control of Jaffa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contest for the control of Jaffa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saladin_takes_Jaffa">Saladin takes Jaffa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Saladin takes Jaffa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By July 5, 1192, Richard began his withdrawal from the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>. Having realized that Jerusalem would not be defensible if it were to be captured, he began the retreat of Crusader forces from hostile territory. Almost immediately after Richard's withdrawal, Saladin, following his recent defeat at Arsuf, saw a chance for revenge and, on the 27 July, laid <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">siege</a> to the town of Jaffa which had served as a base of operations for Richard during his previous march inland towards Jerusalem. The defending garrison, although taken by surprise, fought well before the odds against them proved too great. Saladin's soldiers successfully stormed the walls after three days of bloody clashes; only Jaffa's <a href="/wiki/Citadel" title="Citadel">citadel</a> held out and the remaining Crusaders managed to send word of their plight.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Richard_storms_Jaffa_from_the_sea">Richard storms Jaffa from the sea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Richard storms Jaffa from the sea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crossbow_(PSF).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Crossbow_%28PSF%29.png/250px-Crossbow_%28PSF%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Crossbow_%28PSF%29.png/375px-Crossbow_%28PSF%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Crossbow_%28PSF%29.png/500px-Crossbow_%28PSF%29.png 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="379" /></a><figcaption>Early Medieval crossbow</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LionHeartFarewell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/LionHeartFarewell.jpg/220px-LionHeartFarewell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/LionHeartFarewell.jpg/330px-LionHeartFarewell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/LionHeartFarewell.jpg/440px-LionHeartFarewell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="983" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Richard_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard I">Richard I</a> bidding farewell to the Holy Land. Victorian image</figcaption></figure> <p>Richard subsequently gathered a small army, including a large contingent of Italian sailors, and hurried south. Upon seeing <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> banners flying from the walls, he mistakenly believed the town to be a lost cause, until a defender swam out to his flagship and informed him of the citadel's dire situation.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Still in his sailor's deck shoes, Richard leapt into the sea and waded through the waves to reach the beach. The King again showed his personal bravery and martial prowess, leading fifty-four knights, a few hundred infantrymen, and about 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisan</a> <a href="/wiki/Crossbow" title="Crossbow">crossbowmen</a> into battle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson1907284_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson1907284-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Muslim army began to panic at the sudden offensive launched by Richard's newly arrived force; they feared it was just the advanced element of a much larger army coming to relieve Jaffa. The English king fought in person at the forefront of his attack, and Saladin's men were routed. Many of the Christian prisoners who had surrendered earlier also seized their arms and resumed combat, for their captors were in such disarray that they were unable to stop them. Saladin's fleeing army spilled out of Jaffa and escaped in a disorderly manner; Saladin was unable to regroup his forces until they had retreated more than five miles inland.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle_–_Saladin's_counterattack_defeated"><span id="Battle_.E2.80.93_Saladin.27s_counterattack_defeated"></span>Battle – Saladin's counterattack defeated</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Battle – Saladin's counterattack defeated"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Saladin received reports that more of the Franks were coming down from <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a>, he decided to launch a counterattack on Jaffa to recapture it before these additional reinforcements could arrive. On the early morning of August 4, Muslim troops massed around the walled town, concealing themselves in the fields and intending to attack at dawn the next day. Just before sunrise, however, a Genoese soldier out for a stroll discerned the hidden enemy; the neighing of horses and glinting of armour confirmed his suspicions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman198771_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman198771-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sentries promptly raised the alarm, and Richard quickly assembled his knights, infantry and crossbowmen for battle. He ordered his infantry, including unmounted knights, to form a defensive hedge of spears by kneeling and driving their shields and the shafts of their spears or lances into the ground, with the spearheads pointing towards their opponents. The crossbowmen stood behind the protective wall of spearmen, working in pairs, one shooting whilst the other loaded. In front of the infantry, sharp tent pegs were hammered into the ground to help deter horsemen. Richard kept his handful of mounted knights as a reserve in the rear.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman198771_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman198771-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerbruggen1997213_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbruggen1997213-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lightly armoured Turkish, Egyptian and Bedouin cavalry repeatedly charged. However, when it was evident that the Crusaders were not going to break ranks, they veered away from the spears without coming to blows. Each Ayyubid attack lost heavily to the barrage of missiles from the many crossbows. The armour of the Franks proved better able to withstand the arrows of the Saracens than the armour of the Saracens could withstand crossbow bolts. Also, being entirely cavalry, the many horses of Saladin's force were particularly vulnerable to missile fire. After a few hours' onslaught, both sides began to tire. Having suffered considerably from the barrage of crossbow bolts without having been able to dent the Crusaders' defences, Saladin's cavalrymen were in a demoralised state and their mounts were exhausted. They were put to flight by a charge of the knights, only 10 to 15 of whom were mounted, and spearmen led by the king himself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson1907285_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson1907285-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oman_319_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oman_319-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman198772_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman198772-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the battle raged, a group of Ayyubid soldiers were able to outflank the Crusader army and enter Jaffa. The Genoese marines who had been entrusted with guarding the gates offered little resistance before retreating to their ships. Before the Muslims could exploit their success, however, Richard himself galloped into the town and rallied all of its fighting men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman198772_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman198772-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By evening, it had become clear to Saladin that his men had been soundly defeated and he gave the order to withdraw. Baha' al-Din, a contemporary Muslim soldier and historian, recorded: “I have been assured … that on that day the king of England, lance in hand, rode along the whole length of our army from right to left, and not one of our soldiers left the ranks to attack him. The Sultan was wroth thereat and left the battlefield in anger…”<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saladin's forces had suffered 700 dead, and lost 1500 horses; the Crusaders lost 2 dead, though many were wounded. However, as for many Medieval battles, the recorded figures for losses may not be entirely reliable.<sup id="cite_ref-Oman_319_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oman_319-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leaving their dead on the field, the Ayyubid force began a long, weary, march back to Jerusalem. Once back in the city Saladin strengthened its defences in case Richard were to advance against it again.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman198772_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman198772-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The repulse from Jaffa marked the end of Saladin's counter-offensive. Both sides were completely exhausted, and Palestine was in a ruinous state. Soon after the fighting at Jaffa Richard fell seriously ill. A three-year truce was negotiated, Ascalon had its defences razed and was handed back to Saladin, from Tyre to Jaffa the coast was to remain in Christian hands. Saladin retained Jerusalem, but Christian pilgrims would be free to visit the city. The retention of Jaffa allowed the Crusader kingdom to reconsolidate its control of the coastal lands of Palestine from its new capital at Acre.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Itinerarium, XXI</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oman, p.319</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oman, p.319</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbruggen1997239-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerbruggen1997239_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerbruggen1997">Verbruggen 1997</a>, p. 239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gillingham, pp. 198–200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gillingham, pp. 209–212</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gillingham, p. 212</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gillingham, p. 213</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson1907284-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson1907284_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevenson1907">Stevenson 1907</a>, p. 284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Itinerarium</i>, XXI</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gillingham, pp. 213–214</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman198771-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman198771_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman198771_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRunciman1987">Runciman 1987</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gillingham, p. 214</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbruggen1997213-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerbruggen1997213_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerbruggen1997">Verbruggen 1997</a>, p. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Itinerarium</i>, XXII</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson1907285-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson1907285_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevenson1907">Stevenson 1907</a>, p. 285.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oman_319-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oman_319_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oman_319_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oman, p. 319</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gillingham, pp. 214–215</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman198772-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman198772_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman198772_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman198772_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRunciman1987">Runciman 1987</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFYusuf_Ibn_Shaddad1897" class="citation book cs1">Yusuf Ibn Shaddad, Baha' al-Din (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/libraryofpalesti13paleuoft#page/376"><i>Saladin Or What Befell Sultan Yusuf</i></a>. Translated by Wilson, C.W. London Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. p. 376.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saladin+Or+What+Befell+Sultan+Yusuf&rft.pages=376&rft.pub=London+Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1897&rft.aulast=Yusuf+Ibn+Shaddad&rft.aufirst=Baha%27+al-Din&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Flibraryofpalesti13paleuoft%23page%2F376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Jaffa+%281192%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gillingham, pp. 215–216</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Itinerarium_Regis_Ricardi" title="Itinerarium Regis Ricardi">Itinerarium Regis Ricardi</a></i> Anonymous translation of <i>Itinerarium Regis Ricardi</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorku.ca/inpar/richard_of_holy_trinity.pdf">trans. In parentheses Publications</a>, Cambridge, Ontario 2001</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_sources">Secondary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Secondary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillingham1978" class="citation book cs1">Gillingham, John (1978). <i>Richard the Lionheart</i>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-297-77453-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-297-77453-0"><bdi>0-297-77453-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+the+Lionheart&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-297-77453-0&rft.aulast=Gillingham&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Jaffa+%281192%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Oman, Charles William Chadwick. (1924) <i>A History of the Art of War in the Middle Ages</i> Vol. I, 378–1278 AD. London: Greenhill Books; Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, reprinted in 1998.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRunciman1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Runciman" title="Steven Runciman">Runciman, Steven</a> (13 December 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mrw8AAAAIAAJ"><i>A History of the Crusades: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades</i></a>. Vol. III. <a href="/wiki/CUP_Archive" class="mw-redirect" title="CUP Archive">CUP Archive</a>. p. 542. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521347723" title="Special:BookSources/9780521347723"><bdi>9780521347723</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1845592">1845592</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Crusades%3A+The+Kingdom+of+Acre+and+the+Later+Crusades&rft.pages=542&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1987-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1845592%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=9780521347723&rft.aulast=Runciman&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmrw8AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Jaffa+%281192%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson1907" class="citation book cs1">Stevenson, William Barron (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/crusadersineast02stevgoog"><i>The Crusaders in the East: A Brief History of the Wars of Islam with the Latins in Syria During the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 413. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3261335">3261335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crusaders+in+the+East%3A+A+Brief+History+of+the+Wars+of+Islam+with+the+Latins+in+Syria+During+the+Twelfth+and+Thirteenth+Centuries&rft.pages=413&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1907&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3261335&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=William+Barron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcrusadersineast02stevgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Jaffa+%281192%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerbruggen1997" class="citation book cs1">Verbruggen, J.F. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-qH1u1Ca-1IC"><i>The Art of Warfare in Western Europe During the Middle Ages: From the Eighth Century to 1340</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Boydell_%26_Brewer" title="Boydell & Brewer">Boydell & Brewer</a>. p. 388. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780851155708" title="Special:BookSources/9780851155708"><bdi>9780851155708</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Warfare+in+Western+Europe+During+the+Middle+Ages%3A+From+the+Eighth+Century+to+1340&rft.pages=388&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780851155708&rft.aulast=Verbruggen&rft.aufirst=J.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-qH1u1Ca-1IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Jaffa+%281192%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&params=32_3_15.87_N_34_45_5.92_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°3′15.87″N</span> <span class="longitude">34°45′5.92″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.0544083°N 34.7516444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.0544083; 34.7516444</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&oldid=1258519970">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&oldid=1258519970</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1192" title="Category:Conflicts in 1192">Conflicts in 1192</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1192_in_Asia" title="Category:1192 in Asia">1192 in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1190s_in_the_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Category:1190s in the Kingdom of Jerusalem">1190s in the Kingdom of Jerusalem</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Richard_I_of_England" title="Category:Richard I of England">Richard I of England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_the_Third_Crusade" title="Category:Battles of the Third Crusade">Battles of the Third Crusade</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_England" title="Category:Battles involving England">Battles involving England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Ayyubids" title="Category:Battles involving the Ayyubids">Battles involving the Ayyubids</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_Saladin" title="Category:Battles of Saladin">Battles of Saladin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1190s_in_the_Ayyubid_Sultanate" title="Category:1190s in the Ayyubid Sultanate">1190s in the Ayyubid Sultanate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_Jaffa" title="Category:Military history of Jaffa">Military history of Jaffa</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 November 2024, at 05:00<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-4pzp8","wgBackendResponseTime":729,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.441","walltime":"0.564","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1515,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":55039,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9005,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":47882,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 475.666 1 -total"," 22.60% 107.492 3 Template:Campaignbox"," 21.88% 104.054 5 Template:Cite_book"," 21.56% 102.552 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.89% 99.370 1 Template:Campaignbox_Third_Crusade"," 19.81% 94.240 1 Template:Short_description"," 11.78% 56.023 9 Template:Sfn"," 8.88% 42.230 2 Template:Pagetype"," 8.72% 41.484 12 Template:Main_other"," 7.88% 37.484 1 Template:SDcat"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.279","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5843047,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFGillingham1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRunciman1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStevenson1907\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVerbruggen1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYusuf_Ibn_Shaddad1897\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Campaignbox Ayyubid–Crusader War\"] = 1,\n [\"Campaignbox Crusades Battles\"] = 1,\n [\"Campaignbox Third Crusade\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 5,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Battle Of Jaffa\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox military conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 9,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-4pzp8","timestamp":"20241125105030","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Battle of Jaffa (1192)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2008448","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2008448","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-10-23T16:06:08Z","dateModified":"2024-11-20T05:00:54Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a5\/Battle_of_Jaffa_%281192%29.jpg","headline":"1192 battle of the Third Crusade"}</script> </body> </html>