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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. labor union</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">NALC</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div>National Association of Letter Carriers</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NALC_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ca/NALC_logo.svg/150px-NALC_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ca/NALC_logo.svg/225px-NALC_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ca/NALC_logo.svg/300px-NALC_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="313" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">1889</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Members </div></th><td class="infobox-data">277,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Renfroe" title="Brian Renfroe">Brian Renfroe</a> (President)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/AFL-CIO" title="AFL-CIO">AFL-CIO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Union_Network_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Network International">UNI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nalc.org/">www<wbr />.nalc<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6970695#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>National Association of Letter Carriers</b> (<b>NALC</b>) is an American <a href="/wiki/Labor_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor union">labor union</a>, representing non-<a href="/wiki/Rural" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural">rural</a> <a href="/wiki/Mail_carrier" title="Mail carrier">letter carriers</a> employed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a>. It was founded in 1889. The NALC has 2,500 local branches representing letter carriers in all 50 states, the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands" title="Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Letter_Carriers&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Letter carriers were the first postal workers to form their own union. They had tried to organize a national union at least three times—in 1870 in Washington, D.C., in 1877 in New York City, and in 1880 again in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recognizing that these earlier attempts had failed in part due to the expense of regularly convening enough carriers to sustain a national organization, in 1889 the Milwaukee Letter Carriers Association decided to time their call for another national meeting of carriers to coincide with the annual reunion of the Grand Army of the Republic—an organization of Union Army veterans—so that letter carriers who were veterans could take advantage of reduced train fares.<sup id="cite_ref-nalc.org_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nalc.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 29, 1889, delegates moved quickly, unanimously adopting a resolution to form a National Association of Letter Carriers. On the next day, August 30, 1889, they elected William Wood of Detroit as the first president and appointed an executive board to coordinate all legislative efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-nalc.org_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nalc.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NALC had 52 locals, called branches, with 4,600 members in 1890, and 335 branches by 1892. </p><p>In the beginning, the union focused on forcing postmasters to honor federal law mandating an eight-hour day for federal employees. In 1893, the NALC won a <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> decision and $3.5 million in back overtime pay. </p><p>Local postmasters vigorously opposed the union, even though it did not sponsor strikes. </p><p>NALC joined the <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Labor" title="American Federation of Labor">American Federation of Labor</a> (AFL) in 1917. In 1946, the small <a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Rural_Letter_Carriers" title="National Federation of Rural Letter Carriers">National Federation of Rural Letter Carriers</a> merged in.<sup id="cite_ref-maryland_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maryland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 1940s, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Biaggi" title="Mario Biaggi">Mario Biaggi</a>, a future highly decorated policeman and US Congressman, became active in New York's Branch 36.<sup id="cite_ref-autoa2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autoa2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the mid-1960s, NALC had 175,000 members in 6,400 local branches.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The history of the National Association of Letter Carriers is documented through archival collections at the <a href="/wiki/Walter_P._Reuther_Library" title="Walter P. Reuther Library">Walter P. Reuther Library</a> in Detroit, Michigan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970_Strike">1970 Strike</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Letter_Carriers&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1970 Strike"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Letter carrier morale plummeted during the mid-1960s as inflation eroded carriers' salaries. A growing sense of militancy developed as carriers and their families in big cities neared the poverty level. </p><p>In New York City's Branch 36, a storm of protest erupted when <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> provided only a 4.1 percent pay raise in 1969, a figure the NALC deemed unacceptable. Events escalated as the <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> mail rush neared and Nixon called NALC President James Rademacher to the White House to forge a compromise that tied a pay raise in 1970 to the concept of an independent postal authority to bargain with postal unions.<sup id="cite_ref-Rubio_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Nixon-Rademacher agreement incensed letter carriers and when a House committee the following March approved a bill reflecting the Nixon-Rademacher compromise, calls for a strike were shouted in New York's Branch 36 and other branches. </p><p>Despite being barred from participating in a strike, on March 17, 1970, the votes were counted in Branch 36, and a long-threatened strike was approved, 1,555 to 1,055. At 12:01 a.m. on March 18, picket lines created by Branch 36 went up at post offices throughout Manhattan and the Bronx in New York City as letter carriers went on strike. Within two days, more than 200,000 letter carriers and other postal employees across the country had joined the walkout. </p><p>Nixon called out 25,000 soldiers to move the mail in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strike ended after eight days when local NALC leaders assured strikers that an agreement had been reached, even though their word was premature. Round-the-clock negotiations began and on April 2 a satisfactory agreement was reached, which was quickly approved by Congress. </p><p>The NALC Office of the President: James H. Rademacher Records contain archival material related to the strike. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Laying_the_groundwork_for_the_future">Laying the groundwork for the future</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Letter_Carriers&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Laying the groundwork for the future"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The militancy that came out of New York's Branch 36 during the strike changed forever the nature of the NALC. </p><p>In 1971, a nationwide rank-and-file movement led by <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Sombrotto" title="Vincent Sombrotto">Vincent Sombrotto</a> of Branch 36 was formed with goals of giving members the right to vote directly for national union officers and ending a proxy system that had prevented non-incumbents from breaking into the union's power structure. </p><p>Sombrotto was elected national president in 1978, ousting incumbent president J. Joseph Vacca. He moved quickly to enhance the union's lobbying power with Congress and the Executive Branch, as well as the NALC's stature within the trade union movement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership_and_politics">Membership and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Letter_Carriers&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Membership and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like most other unions in the United States, the NALC, and most of its rank and file, is involved politically and has largely supported the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, although has been critical of Democrats on occasion, such as President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> when he <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">vetoed</a> a postal pay raise in the mid-1960s. The union has also supported a number of individual <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> candidates. </p><p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Postal_Reorganization_Act_of_1970" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal Reorganization Act of 1970">Postal Reorganization Act of 1970</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> was a <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">federal executive department</a> under the name Post Office Department, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a> was member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Cabinet">Cabinet</a>. The rate of postal pay was set by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> by <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_law" class="mw-redirect" title="United States federal law">federal law</a>, meaning that the Postal Service and its employees were deeply affected by Congress. The NALC strongly supported the Postal Reorganization Act. </p><p>NALC's expertise has traditionally been in <a href="/wiki/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">lobbying</a> rather than in traditional <a href="/wiki/Labor-management_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor-management relations">labor-management relations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining" title="Collective bargaining">collective bargaining</a>. Like all federal agencies under the <a href="/wiki/Taft%E2%80%93Hartley_Act" title="Taft–Hartley Act">Taft–Hartley Act</a>, the Postal Service is an "<a href="/wiki/Open_shop" title="Open shop">open shop</a>," and no one can be compelled to join the NALC or any other union as a condition of gaining or continuing employment with the government. Other federal laws prohibit letter carriers, like other public employees, from <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">striking</a>. Nonetheless, over 93 percent of all working letter carriers are members of the NALC and the union is now recognized as the collective bargaining agent for all city carriers.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The NALC distinguishes itself from other unions in several ways. For example, membership is completely voluntary; NALC states that its membership includes 277,000 active and retired members, including approximately 180,000 active city delivery letter carriers employed by the U.S. Postal Service, either as full-time letter carriers or part-time carriers known as "city carrier assistants".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NALC also refers to its chapters as "branches" rather than "<a href="/wiki/Local_union" title="Local union">locals</a>". </p><p>NALC developed its own retirement community for its members in <a href="/wiki/Nalcrest,_Florida" title="Nalcrest, Florida">Nalcrest, Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also operates a <a href="/wiki/Mutual_benefit_association" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual benefit association">mutual benefit association</a> which sells <a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">life insurance</a> to members and has its own <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">health benefit plan</a>—the NALC Health Benefit Plan—which predates the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Employees_Health_Benefit_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Employees Health Benefit Plan">Federal Employees Health Benefit Plan</a>, in which letter carriers (as federal employees) also participate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issues">Issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Letter_Carriers&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ContractDelivery.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/ContractDelivery.JPG/200px-ContractDelivery.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/ContractDelivery.JPG/300px-ContractDelivery.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/ContractDelivery.JPG/400px-ContractDelivery.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>City and rural carriers offer their opinions of CDS outside the Downtown <a href="/wiki/Fort_Myers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Myers">Fort Myers</a> post office on June 27, 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>Over the years, the NALC has worked to negotiate the wages and working conditions of city letter carriers. Some of the negotiated issues are the maximum weight of an item that an employee may be required to lift, the maximum weight that an employee can be required to carry in his or her satchel, safe delivery methods, and the letter carrier uniform. </p><p>The NALC is opposed to postal <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatization</a> and to any termination of the USPS <a href="/wiki/Private_Express_Statutes" title="Private Express Statutes">postal monopoly on first-class mail</a>, as well as to contract delivery service (CDS), the contracting out of postal work to non-USPS <a href="/wiki/Independent_contractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent contractor">independent contractor</a> employees (see <a href="/wiki/Star_routes" title="Star routes">Star routes</a>), who have lower wages (and fewer benefits or none at all) than USPS employees.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charitable_and_philanthropic_activities">Charitable and philanthropic activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Letter_Carriers&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Charitable and philanthropic activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muscular_Dystrophy_Association">Muscular Dystrophy Association</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Letter_Carriers&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Muscular Dystrophy Association"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The union has a close relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Muscular_Dystrophy_Association" title="Muscular Dystrophy Association">Muscular Dystrophy Association</a>. The NALC was the first national sponsor of MDA and letter carriers are among the charity's top fund-raisers.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Letter_carriers'_Stamp_Out_Hunger_Food_Drive"><span id="Letter_carriers.27_Stamp_Out_Hunger_Food_Drive"></span>Letter carriers' Stamp Out Hunger Food Drive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Letter_Carriers&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Letter carriers' Stamp Out Hunger Food Drive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Stamp_Out_Hunger_Food_Drive" title="Stamp Out Hunger Food Drive">Stamp Out Hunger Food Drive</a></div> <p>Each year on the second Saturday in May, as they deliver the mail, letter carriers collect non-perishable food donations left by the mailboxes on their route from postal customers participating in the NALC <a href="/wiki/Stamp_Out_Hunger_Food_Drive" title="Stamp Out Hunger Food Drive">Stamp Out Hunger Food Drive</a>. It is considered the largest one-day food collection effort in the United States. Participation is strictly voluntary. </p><p>The national, coordinated effort by the NALC grew out of discussions in 1991 by a number of leaders at the time, including NALC President <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Sombrotto" title="Vincent Sombrotto">Vincent Sombrotto</a>, <a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93CIO" class="mw-redirect" title="AFL–CIO">AFL–CIO</a> Community Services Director Joseph Velasquez and <a href="/wiki/USPS" class="mw-redirect" title="USPS">USPS</a> Postmaster General Anthony Frank. A pilot drive was held in 10 cities in October 1991, and it proved so successful that work began immediately on making it a nationwide effort. </p><p>Input from food banks and pantries suggested that late spring would be the best time since by then most food banks in the country start running out of donations received during the Thanksgiving and Christmas holiday periods.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, the drive gathered 72.5 million pounds of food, the 11th consecutive year the drive surpassed 70 million pounds. That year's results brought the total to more than 1.3 billion pounds since the national drive began in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Stamp Out Hunger Food Drive has also received two Presidential Certificates of Achievement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Heroes_of_the_Year">National Heroes of the Year</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Letter_Carriers&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: National Heroes of the Year"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each fall, the NALC holds a<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> awards ceremony, highlighting acts performed NALC letter carriers and branches above and beyond their duties of carrying the mail. </p><p>The 2014 National Heroes of the Year awards ceremony<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> recognized letter several letter carriers—a National Hero; a Humanitarian of the Year; heroes from the eastern, central and western regions of the United States—as well as one branch and one post office—as national heroes of the year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_action">Political action</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Letter_Carriers&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Political action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Working to elect members of Congress who support NALC priorities is a primary objective of the union's political affairs operation.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NALC's political action fund (or PAC) is called the Committee on Letter Carrier Political Education<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (abbreviated as COLCPE). </p><p>COLCPE's stated goal<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is to help "pro-labor, pro-letter carriers candidates get elected so they can go to Washington to support and protect letter carrier jobs." Contributing to the PAC is strictly voluntary, as federal law forbids unions from using dues money for political purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, COLCPE was rebranded as the Letter Carrier Political Fund.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hatch_Act">Hatch Act</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Letter_Carriers&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hatch Act"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until 1993, active letter carriers were barred from taking any significant volunteer role for any political campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The primary sentiment behind the law was to protect federal employees from being strong-armed and intimidated into helping their bosses run for reelection. </p><p>In 1993, Congress amended the <a href="/wiki/Hatch_Act_of_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatch Act of 1939">Hatch Act of 1939</a> to allow federal employees to take an active part in political campaigns for federal offices. While there are still some restrictions on what federal employees (including active letter carriers) can do, there is more latitude for letter carrier political participation in campaigns for president, the Senate and the House of Representatives, as well as state and local elected officials. </p><p>Retired letter carriers, as well as letter carrier spouses and family members, are not bound by the Hatch Act. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidents">Presidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Letter_Carriers&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>NALC Presidents </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>NALC President </th> <th>Start year </th> <th>End year </th></tr> <tr> <td>William H. Wood </td> <td>1889 </td> <td>1890 </td></tr> <tr> <td>John J. Goodwin </td> <td>1890 </td> <td>1891 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Theodore C. Dennis </td> <td>1891 </td> <td>1892 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Frank E. Smith </td> <td>1892 </td> <td>1893 </td></tr> <tr> <td>C.C. Couden </td> <td colspan="2">1894 </td></tr> <tr> <td>R.F. Quinn </td> <td colspan="2">1895 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_N._Parsons" title="John N. Parsons">John N. Parsons</a> </td> <td>1896 </td> <td>1900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>James C. Keller </td> <td>1901 </td> <td>1905 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jeremiah D. Holland </td> <td>1905 </td> <td>1907 </td></tr> <tr> <td>William E. Kelly </td> <td>1907 </td> <td>1914 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Gainor" title="Edward J. Gainor">Edward J. Gainor</a> </td> <td>1914 </td> <td>1941 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_C._Doherty" title="William C. Doherty">William C. Doherty</a> </td> <td>1941 </td> <td>1962 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jerome J. Keating </td> <td>1962 </td> <td>1968 </td></tr> <tr> <td>James H. Rademacher </td> <td>1968 </td> <td>1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td>J. Joseph Vacca </td> <td>1977 </td> <td>1978 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Sombrotto" title="Vincent Sombrotto">Vincent Sombrotto</a> </td> <td>1979 </td> <td>2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_H._Young_(labor_leader)" title="William H. Young (labor leader)">William H. Young</a> </td> <td>2002 </td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fredric_V._Rolando" class="mw-redirect" title="Fredric V. Rolando">Fredric V. Rolando</a> </td> <td>2009 </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Renfroe" title="Brian Renfroe">Brian Renfroe</a> </td> <td>2022 </td> <td>Present </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Letter_Carriers&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syndicalism.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/28px-Syndicalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/42px-Syndicalism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/56px-Syndicalism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Organized_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Organized labour">Organized labour portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:National_Association_of_Letter_Carriers" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:National Association of Letter Carriers">National Association of Letter Carriers</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93CIO" class="mw-redirect" title="AFL–CIO">AFL–CIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rural_Letter_Carriers%27_Association" title="National Rural Letter Carriers' Association">National Rural Letter Carriers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Postal_Mail_Handlers_Union" title="National Postal Mail Handlers Union">National Postal Mail Handlers Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_of_Postal_and_Federal_Employees" title="National Alliance of Postal and Federal Employees">National Alliance of Postal and Federal Employees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Postal_Workers_Union" title="American Postal Workers Union">American Postal Workers Union</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Letter_Carriers&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nalc.org/about/our-history/carriers-in-a-common-cause">"Carriers in a Common Cause | National Association of Letter Carriers AFL-CIO"</a>. <i>Nalc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nalc.org&rft.atitle=Carriers+in+a+Common+Cause+%26%23124%3B+National+Association+of+Letter+Carriers+AFL-CIO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nalc.org%2Fabout%2Four-history%2Fcarriers-in-a-common-cause&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Association+of+Letter+Carriers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nalc.org-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nalc.org_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nalc.org_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nalc.org/about/facts-and-history/body/1889-1901.pdf">"The NALC is Born"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nalc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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December 11, 1972.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Magazine&rft.atitle=An+Ex-cop+Makes+his+move+to+Take+Over+the+City&rft.date=1972-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGYLSXTOFpmAC%26dq%3D%2522mario%2Bbiaggi%2522%2B%2B%2522high%2Bschool%2522%2Bhaaren%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Association+of+Letter+Carriers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris_S._Ogul1976" class="citation book cs1">Morris S. Ogul (May 15, 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MxHpmVLxj1kC&pg=PA65"><i>Congress Oversees the Bureaucracy</i></a>. U. of Pittsburgh Press. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780822976097" title="Special:BookSources/9780822976097"><bdi>9780822976097</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Congress+Oversees+the+Bureaucracy&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=U.+of+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.date=1976-05-15&rft.isbn=9780822976097&rft.au=Morris+S.+Ogul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMxHpmVLxj1kC%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Association+of+Letter+Carriers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rubio-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rubio_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubio2006" class="citation book cs1">Rubio, Philip F. 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Chapel Hill: <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina" title="University of North Carolina">University of North Carolina</a> Press. p. 446. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780807859865" title="Special:BookSources/9780807859865"><bdi>9780807859865</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=There%27s+Always+Work+at+the+Post+Office%3A+African-American+postal+workers+and+the+fight+for+jobs%2C+justice%2C+and+equality&rft.place=Chapel+Hill&rft.pages=446&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2006-03-22&rft.isbn=9780807859865&rft.aulast=Rubio&rft.aufirst=Philip+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS_L2iMqmwwsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Association+of+Letter+Carriers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=19700323&id=gZFYAAAAIBAJ&pg=6499,2145682&hl=en">"No Negotiations Yet, Says Nixon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Daily_Chronicle" title="Spokane Daily Chronicle">Spokane Daily Chronicle</a></i>. 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Governors of the United States Postal Service">Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Transportation" title="Bureau of Transportation">Bureau of Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Stamp_Advisory_Committee" title="Citizens' Stamp Advisory Committee">Citizens' Stamp Advisory Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_of_Postal_and_Federal_Employees" title="National Alliance of Postal and Federal Employees">National Alliance of Postal and Federal Employees</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Association of Letter Carriers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Presort_Mailers" title="National Association of Presort Mailers">National Association of Presort Mailers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Postal_Mail_Handlers_Union" title="National Postal Mail Handlers Union">National Postal Mail Handlers Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rural_Letter_Carriers%27_Association" title="National Rural Letter Carriers' Association">National Rural Letter Carriers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Regulatory_Commission" title="Postal Regulatory Commission">Postal Regulatory Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Transportation_Service" title="Postal Transportation Service">Postal Transportation Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostalWatch_Incorporated" title="PostalWatch Incorporated">PostalWatch Incorporated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Inspection_Service" title="United States Postal Inspection Service">United States Postal Inspection Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service_Office_of_Inspector_General" title="United States Postal Service Office of Inspector General">United States Postal Service Office of Inspector General</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Address_Management_System" title="Address Management System">Address Management System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Facer-Canceler_System" title="Advanced Facer-Canceler System">Advanced Facer-Canceler System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coding_Accuracy_Support_System" title="Coding Accuracy Support System">Coding Accuracy Support System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivery_Bar_Code_Sorter" title="Delivery Bar Code Sorter">Delivery Bar Code Sorter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flats_Sequencing_System" title="Flats Sequencing System">Flats Sequencing System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locatable_Address_Conversion_System" title="Locatable Address Conversion System">Locatable Address Conversion System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Savings_System" title="United States Postal Savings System">United States Postal Savings System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Click-N-Ship" title="Click-N-Ship">Click-N-Ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Express_mail_in_the_United_States" title="Express mail in the United States">Express mail in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Change_Of_Address" class="mw-redirect" title="National Change Of Address">National Change Of Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permit_mail" title="Permit mail">Permit mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permit_Reply_Mail" title="Permit Reply Mail">Permit Reply Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_postal_notes" title="United States postal notes">Postal notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Mail_Service" title="Railway Mail Service">Railway Mail Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registered_mail" title="Registered mail">Registered mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Special_Delivery_(postal_service)" title="U.S. Special Delivery (postal service)">Special Delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_handling" title="Special handling">Special handling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_mail_facility" title="Air mail facility">Air mail facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boat_railway_post_office" title="Boat railway post office">Boat railway post office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_post_office" title="Community post office">Community post office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_letter_office" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead letter office">Dead letter office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_post_office" class="mw-redirect" title="Highway post office">Highway post office</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J._W._Westcott_II" title="J. W. Westcott II">J. W. Westcott II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_post_offices" title="List of United States post offices">List of United States post offices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Postal_Museum" title="National Postal Museum">National Postal Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_distribution_center" title="Network distribution center">Network distribution center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_mail_service_library" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway mail service library">Railway mail service library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Brick_Roads" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Brick Roads">Red Brick Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectional_center_facility" title="Sectional center facility">Sectional center facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streetcar_railway_post_office" title="Streetcar railway post office">Streetcar railway post office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_railway_post_office" title="Terminal railway post office">Terminal railway post office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comstock_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Comstock laws">Comstock laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_Office_Act_(1872)" title="Post Office Act (1872)">Post Office Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Accountability_and_Enhancement_Act" title="Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act">Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Reorganization_Act" title="Postal Reorganization Act">Postal Reorganization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Service_Act" title="Postal Service Act">Postal Service Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Service_Reform_Act_of_2022" title="Postal Service Reform Act of 2022">Postal Service Reform Act of 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_Express_Statutes" title="Private Express Statutes">Private Express Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Post_Roads_Act_of_1916" title="Rural Post Roads Act of 1916">Rural Post Roads Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_39_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 39 of the United States Code">Title 39 of the United States Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Postal_Service_crisis" title="2020 United States Postal Service crisis">2020 United States Postal Service crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_airmail_service" title="United States airmail service">United States airmail service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAR-RT_SORT" class="mw-redirect" title="CAR-RT SORT">CAR-RT SORT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catcher_pouch" title="Catcher pouch">Catcher pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimarron_Redoubt" title="Cimarron Redoubt">Cimarron Redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_Mail_Manual" title="Domestic Mail Manual">Domestic Mail Manual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facing_Identification_Mark" title="Facing Identification Mark">Facing Identification Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flats_(USPS)" title="Flats (USPS)">Flats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_LLV" title="Grumman LLV">Grumman LLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information-Based_Indicia" title="Information-Based Indicia">Information-Based Indicia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Inspectors" title="The Inspectors">The Inspectors</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_Mail_barcode" title="Intelligent Mail barcode">Intelligent Mail barcode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label_228" title="Label 228">Label 228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_postal_killings" title="List of postal killings">List of postal killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_abbreviations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. state abbreviations">List of U.S. state abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_airmail_stamps" title="List of United States airmail stamps">List of United States airmail stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_bag" title="Mail bag">Mail bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_cover" title="Mail cover">Mail cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_hook" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail hook">Mail hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_Isolation_Control_and_Tracking" title="Mail Isolation Control and Tracking">Mail Isolation Control and Tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_jumping" title="Mail jumping">Mail jumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_pouch" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail pouch">Mail pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_sack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail sack">Mail sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_satchel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail satchel">Mail satchel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Mail_Story&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Mail Story (page does not exist)">The Mail Story</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixie_(postal)" title="Nixie (postal)">Nixie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORM-D" title="ORM-D">ORM-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owney_(dog)" title="Owney (dog)">Owney (dog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_Express_mochila" title="Pony Express mochila">Pony Express mochila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United States">Postage stamps and postal history of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Alpha_Numeric_Encoding_Technique" title="Postal Alpha Numeric Encoding Technique">Postal Alpha Numeric Encoding Technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Clause" title="Postal Clause">Postal Clause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_voting_in_the_United_States" title="Postal voting in the United States">Postal voting in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_worker" title="Postal worker">Postal worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibitory_Order" title="Prohibitory Order">Prohibitory Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Bar_Coding_System" title="Remote Bar Coding System">Remote Bar Coding System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Free_Delivery" title="Rural Free Delivery">Rural Free Delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_letter_carrier" title="Rural letter carrier">Rural letter carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STD-4C" title="STD-4C">STD-4C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_post_office_murals" title="United States post office murals">United States post office murals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_post_office_murals" title="List of United States post office murals">List of murals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USPS_Post_Office_Box_Lobby_Recycling_program" title="USPS Post Office Box Lobby Recycling program">USPS Post Office Box Lobby Recycling program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service_creed" title="United States Postal Service creed">United States Postal Service creed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="AFL-CIO" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AFL-CIO" title="Template:AFL-CIO"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AFL-CIO" title="Template talk:AFL-CIO"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AFL-CIO" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AFL-CIO"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="AFL-CIO" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/AFL-CIO" title="AFL-CIO">AFL-CIO </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Meany" title="George Meany">George Meany</a> (1955–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_Kirkland" title="Lane Kirkland">Lane Kirkland</a> (1979–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Donahue" title="Thomas R. Donahue">Thomas R. Donahue</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sweeney_(labor_leader)" title="John Sweeney (labor leader)">John J. Sweeney</a> (1995–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Trumka" title="Richard Trumka">Richard Trumka</a> (2009–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Shuler" title="Liz Shuler">Liz Shuler</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_America%27s_Building_Trades_Unions" title="North America's Building Trades Unions">Building Trades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Trades_Department,_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Maritime Trades Department, AFL–CIO">Maritime Trades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_Trades_Department,_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Metal Trades Department, AFL–CIO">Metal Trades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Professional_Employees,_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Department for Professional Employees, AFL–CIO">Professional Employees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Trades_Department,_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Transportation Trades Department, AFL–CIO">Transportation Trades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Label_Department,_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Union Label Department, AFL–CIO">Union Label</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constituency groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph_Institute" title="A. Philip Randolph Institute">A. Philip Randolph Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Retired_Americans" title="Alliance for Retired Americans">Alliance for Retired Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Pacific_American_Labor_Alliance" title="Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance">Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_Black_Trade_Unionists" title="Coalition of Black Trade Unionists">Coalition of Black Trade Unionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_Labor_Union_Women" title="Coalition of Labor Union Women">Coalition of Labor Union Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Council_for_Latin_American_Advancement" title="Labor Council for Latin American Advancement">Labor Council for Latin American Advancement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_at_Work" title="Pride at Work">Pride at Work</a></li> <li>Union Veterans Council</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Allied organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Labor_Communications_Association" title="International Labor Communications Association">International Labor Communications Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Center" title="Solidarity Center">Solidarity Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_for_America_Institute" title="Working for America Institute">Working for America Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Allied groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Rights_at_Work" title="American Rights at Work">American Rights at Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Rescue_Committee" title="International Rescue Committee">International Rescue Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Labor_Committee" title="Jewish Labor Committee">Jewish Labor Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_and_Working-Class_History_Association" title="Labor and Working-Class History Association">Labor and Working-Class History Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_America" title="Working America">Working America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93CIO_Employees_Federal_Credit_Union" title="AFL–CIO Employees Federal Credit Union">AFL–CIO Employees Federal Credit Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labor_College" title="National Labor College">National Labor College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_unions_affiliated_with_the_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="List of unions affiliated with the AFL–CIO">Affiliated unions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Actors_and_Artistes_of_America" title="Associated Actors and Artistes of America">AAAA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Guild_of_Musical_Artists" title="American Guild of Musical Artists">AGMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Guild_of_Variety_Artists" title="American Guild of Variety Artists">AGVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_of_Italian_American_Actors" title="Guild of Italian American Actors">GIAA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">AEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Government_Employees" title="American Federation of Government Employees">AFGE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Musicians" title="American Federation of Musicians">AFM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_School_Administrators" title="American Federation of School Administrators">AFSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_State,_County_and_Municipal_Employees" title="American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees">AFSCME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Teachers" title="American Federation of Teachers">AFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Line_Pilots_Association,_International" title="Air Line Pilots Association, International">ALPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Postal_Workers_Union" title="American Postal Workers Union">APWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Radio_Association" title="American Radio Association">ARA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Train_Dispatchers_Association" title="American Train Dispatchers Association">ATDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalgamated_Transit_Union" title="Amalgamated Transit Union">ATU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Heat_and_Frost_Insulators_and_Allied_Workers" title="International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Allied Workers">AWIU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Bricklayers_and_Allied_Craftworkers" title="International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers">BAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakery,_Confectionery,_Tobacco_Workers_and_Grain_Millers_International_Union" title="Bakery, Confectionery, Tobacco Workers and Grain Millers International Union">BCTGM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_Railroad_Signalmen" title="Brotherhood of Railroad Signalmen">BRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_School_Employees_Association" title="California School Employees Association">CSEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Workers_of_America" title="Communications Workers of America">CWA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Flight_Attendants" title="Association of Flight Attendants">AFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Electrical_Workers" title="International Union of Electrical Workers">IUE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Broadcast_Employees_and_Technicians" title="National Association of Broadcast Employees and Technicians">NABET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing,_Publishing_and_Media_Workers" class="mw-redirect" title="Printing, Publishing and Media Workers">PPMW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewsGuild-CWA" title="NewsGuild-CWA">TNG</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_NewsGuild-CWA_Locals" title="List of NewsGuild-CWA Locals">Locals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Labor_Organizing_Committee" title="Farm Labor Organizing Committee">FLOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass,_Molders,_Pottery,_Plastics_and_Allied_Workers_International_Union" title="Glass, Molders, Pottery, Plastics and Allied Workers International Union">GMPIU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Fire_Fighters" title="International Association of Fire Fighters">IAFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Machinists_and_Aerospace_Workers" title="International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers">IAM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Federal_Employees" title="National Federation of Federal Employees">NFFE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Communications_International_Union" title="Transportation Communications International Union">TCIU</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Theatrical_Stage_Employees" title="International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees">IATSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Brotherhood_of_Boilermakers,_Iron_Ship_Builders,_Blacksmiths,_Forgers_and_Helpers" title="International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders, Blacksmiths, Forgers and Helpers">IBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Brotherhood_of_Electrical_Workers" title="International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers">IBEW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Professional_and_Technical_Engineers" title="International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers">IFPTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Longshoremen%27s_Association" title="International Longshoremen's Association">ILA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Bridge,_Structural,_Ornamental_and_Reinforcing_Iron_Workers" title="International Association of Bridge, Structural, Ornamental and Reinforcing Iron Workers">Ironworkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Allied_Novelty_and_Production_Workers" title="International Union of Allied Novelty and Production Workers">IUANPW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Elevator_Constructors" title="International Union of Elevator Constructors">IUEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Operating_Engineers" title="International Union of Operating Engineers">IUOE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Police_Associations" title="International Union of Police Associations">IUPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Painters_and_Allied_Trades" title="International Union of Painters and Allied Trades">IUPAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laborers%27_International_Union_of_North_America" title="Laborers' International Union of North America">LIUNA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Postal_Mail_Handlers_Union" title="National Postal Mail Handlers Union">NPMHU</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Engineers%27_Beneficial_Association" title="Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association">MEBA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Aviation_Safety_Specialists" title="Professional Aviation Safety Specialists">PASS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NALC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Air_Traffic_Controllers_Association" title="National Air Traffic Controllers Association">NATCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League_Players_Association" title="National Football League Players Association">NFLPA/FPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Nurses_United" title="National Nurses United">NNU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Taxi_Workers%27_Alliance" title="National Taxi Workers' Alliance">NTWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League_Players_Association" title="National Women's Soccer League Players Association">NWSLPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operative_Plasterers%27_and_Cement_Masons%27_International_Association" title="Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association">OPCMIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_and_Professional_Employees_International_Union" title="Office and Professional Employees International Union">OPEIU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Plate_Printers,_Die_Stampers_and_Engravers_Union_of_North_America" title="International Plate Printers, Die Stampers and Engravers Union of North America">Printers & Engravers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAG-AFTRA" title="SAG-AFTRA">SAG-AFTRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafarers_International_Union_of_North_America" title="Seafarers International Union of North America">SIU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Sheet_Metal,_Air,_Rail_and_Transportation_Workers" title="International Association of Sheet Metal, Air, Rail and Transportation Workers">SMART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Workers_Union_of_America" title="Transport Workers Union of America">TWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Association" title="United Association">UA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">UAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Food_and_Commercial_Workers" title="United Food and Commercial Workers">UFCW</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distillery,_Wine_and_Allied_Workers%27_International_Union" title="Distillery, Wine and Allied Workers' International Union">DWAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail,_Wholesale_and_Department_Store_Union" title="Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union">RWDSU</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Mine_Workers" class="mw-redirect" title="United Mine Workers">UMWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNITE_HERE" title="UNITE HERE">UNITE HERE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Steelworkers" title="United Steelworkers">USW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Union_of_Roofers,_Waterproofers_and_Allied_Workers" title="United Union of Roofers, Waterproofers and Allied Workers">UURWAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_Workers_Union_of_America" title="Utility Workers Union of America">UWUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America,_East" title="Writers Guild of America, East">WGAE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State federations and <br />central labor councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>California (<a href="/wiki/South_Bay_Labor_Council" title="South Bay Labor Council">South Bay</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Florida AFL–CIO">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Indiana AFL–CIO">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Maine AFL–CIO">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Massachusetts AFL–CIO">Massachusetts</a></li> <li>New York (<a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Central_Labor_Council" title="New York City Central Labor Council">New York City</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Oregon AFL–CIO">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Pennsylvania AFL–CIO">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Rhode Island AFL–CIO">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Labor_Council" title="Washington State Labor Council">Washington State</a> (<a href="/wiki/King_County_Labor_Council" title="King County Labor Council">King</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="West Virginia AFL–CIO">West Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Labor" title="American Federation of Labor">American Federation of Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Industrial_Organizations" title="Congress of Industrial Organizations">Congress of Industrial Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directly_affiliated_local_union" title="Directly affiliated local union">Directly affiliated local union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6970695#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6970695#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6970695#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121946098">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/158984798">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85373903">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007587501905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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