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<div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Atong language (Sino-Tibetan)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF)" title="আটং ভাষা (চীন-তিব্বতি) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আটং ভাষা (চীন-তিব্বতি)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atongeg" title="Atongeg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Atongeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_atong" title="Lingua atong – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua atong" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अटोंग भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अटोंग भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%27tong_jezik" title="A'tong jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="A'tong jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiatong_(Uhindi)" title="Kiatong (Uhindi) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiatong (Uhindi)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80)" title="अतोंग भाषा (चीन-तिबेटी) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अतोंग भाषा (चीन-तिबेटी)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_A%27tong" title="Lenga A'tong – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga A'tong" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_atong" title="Língua atong – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua atong" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sino-Tibetan language spoken in South Asia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Sino-Tibetan language. For the Niger-Congo language, see <a href="/wiki/Atong_language_(Cameroon)" title="Atong language (Cameroon)">Atong language (Cameroon)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: salmon;">Atong</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: salmon;">A.tong</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya, India</a> and adjacent areas in Bangladesh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">(undated figure of 10,000, 4,600 in India)<sup id="cite_ref-e16_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e16-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Bodo%E2%80%93Garo_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodo–Garo languages">Bodo–Garo</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Koch_languages" title="Koch languages">Koch</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Atong</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali-Assamese_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali-Assamese script">Bengali-Assamese</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: salmon;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/aot" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:aot">aot</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/aton1241">aton1241</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/1582">Atong (India)</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>A.tong</b> is one of the Garo dialect <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan (or Tibeto-Burman) language</a> which is also related to <a href="/wiki/Koch_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Koch (language)">Koch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabha">Rabha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bodo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodo language">Bodo</a> other than Garo language.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is spoken in the South Garo Hills and West Khasi Hills districts of <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a> state in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a>, southern <a href="/wiki/Kamrup_district" title="Kamrup district">Kamrup district</a> in <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, and adjacent areas in <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. The spelling "A.tong" is based on the way the speakers themselves pronounce the name of their language. There is no glottal stop in the name and it is not a tonal language. </p><p>A reference grammar of the language has been published by Seino van Breugel.<sup id="cite_ref-Breugel2014_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breugel2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A dictionary with Atong–English and English-A.tong sections, as well as semantic word lists<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was published in 2021, two years after the publication of an analysis of A.tong stories.<sup id="cite_ref-Breugel2019_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breugel2019-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, a book of stories in A.tong<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an Atong-English dictionary<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were published by and sold at the Tura Book Room in Tura, Meghalaya, India. It is not certain if those books are still available there. The A.tong spelling system used in those books is explained in the A.tong Spelling Guide,<sup id="cite_ref-Breugel2015_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breugel2015-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> available online. </p><p>Atong has been classified as an endangered language by <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a>. Atong's situation is most probably due to the influence of Standard Garo, a prestige language in the State of Meghalaya. Many parents are not teaching Atong to their children anymore. However, in there are still places in South Garo Hills and West Khasi Hills where Atong is still spoken en also transmitted to the younger generation. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sociolinguistics">Sociolinguistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atong_language_(Sino-Tibetan)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Sociolinguistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no current estimate of the number of speakers available; according to the <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_Survey_of_India" title="Linguistic Survey of India">Linguistic Survey of India</a>, it was spoken by approximately 15,000 people in the 1920s. Since the Atong are considered a subdivision of the Garos, they are not counted as a separate ethnic or linguistic community by the Indian government.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Almost all Atong speakers are <a href="/wiki/Multilingualism" title="Multilingualism">bilingual</a> in <a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a> to a greater or lesser extent, and Garo is seen as the more <a href="/wiki/Prestige_(sociolinguistics)" title="Prestige (sociolinguistics)">prestigious</a> language.<sup id="cite_ref-Breugel2014_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breugel2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because there is a Bible translation in Garo, but not in Atong, it is the language used in all churches and most Atong speakers are Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Garo is also the language of education in schools in the Atong-speaking area, although some schools provide education in English. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mutual_intelligibility_with_Garo">Mutual intelligibility with Garo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atong_language_(Sino-Tibetan)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mutual intelligibility with Garo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In India, the Atongs are considered to belong to the Garo Tribe,<sup id="cite_ref-Burling2004_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burling2004-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, they speak a distinct language,<sup id="cite_ref-Burling2004_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burling2004-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Breugel2019_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breugel2019-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which, however, has no official status of its own. The Atong people are members of the Garo <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled Tribe</a>, whose official Scheduled tribe language is <a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a>. Garo has a standardised form of speech used in education, administration, the press and literature.<sup id="cite_ref-Breugel2014_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breugel2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linguistically speaking, Atong and Standard Garo may be different <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a>, given that they have different <a href="/wiki/Phonology" title="Phonology">sound systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vocabulary" title="Vocabulary">vocabulary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">grammar</a>. However, due to the fact that most Atongs are bilingual in Standard Garo to various degrees, intelligibility is one-way: Atong speakers understand Standard Garo but speakers of Standard Garo may not understand Atong.<sup id="cite_ref-Breugel2014_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breugel2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atong_language_(Sino-Tibetan)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Phonemes" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonemes">phonemes</a> of Atong are given in <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA) in Table 1. That table also presents how the phonemes are written in the Atong alphabet used for everyday writing by people who are not linguists. As we can see in the table, the glottal stop can be written with either a bullet or an apostrophe. The bullet <span class="nowrap">⟨•⟩</span> was used by missionaries to write the glottal stop in Garo when the writing system for that language was created in the 1800s. The apostrophe has since been adopted to write the glottal stop as it is available on all computer keyboards. The vowel phoneme <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ə/</span> is written <span class="nowrap">⟨y⟩</span> in the <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">orthography</a>, as it is in <a href="/wiki/Khasi_language" title="Khasi language">Khasi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>. It was the Welsh Presbyterians that developed the Khasi writing system and used the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨y⟩</span> to write the phoneme <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ə/</span> in Khasi. </p> <table class="IPA wikitable"> <caption>The relationship between the phonemes of Atong and the way they are written in the Latin orthography and in the Bengali script </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Phoneme </th> <th>Letter </th> <th>Bengali </th> <th rowspan="12"> </th> <th>Phoneme </th> <th>Letter </th> <th>Bengali </th> <th rowspan="12"> </th> <th>Phoneme </th> <th>Letter </th> <th>Bengali </th></tr> <tr> <td>pʰ</td> <td>ph </td> <td>ভ</td> <td>m</td> <td>m </td> <td>ম</td> <td>i</td> <td>i </td> <td>ই ি </td></tr> <tr> <td>tʰ</td> <td>th </td> <td>থ</td> <td>n</td> <td>n </td> <td>ন</td> <td>e</td> <td>e </td> <td>এ ে </td></tr> <tr> <td>kʰ</td> <td>kh </td> <td>খ</td> <td>ŋ</td> <td>ng </td> <td>ঙ ং</td> <td>a</td> <td>a </td> <td>আ া </td></tr> <tr> <td>p</td> <td>p </td> <td>প</td> <td>r</td> <td>r </td> <td>র</td> <td>o</td> <td>o </td> <td>ও ো </td></tr> <tr> <td>t</td> <td>t </td> <td>ত</td> <td>l</td> <td>l </td> <td>ল</td> <td>u</td> <td>u </td> <td>উ ু </td></tr> <tr> <td>k</td> <td>k </td> <td>ক</td> <td>s</td> <td>s </td> <td>স</td> <td>ə</td> <td>y </td> <td>এঃ েঃ </td></tr> <tr> <td>b</td> <td>b </td> <td>ব</td> <td>t͡ɕ</td> <td>ch </td> <td>চ</td> <td>iː</td> <td>ii </td> <td>ঈ ী </td></tr> <tr> <td>d</td> <td>d </td> <td>দ</td> <td>d͡ʑ</td> <td>j </td> <td>জ</td> <td>eː</td> <td>ee </td> <td>এঽ েঽ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɡ</td> <td>g </td> <td>গ</td> <td>h</td> <td>h </td> <td>হ</td> <td>oː</td> <td>oo </td> <td>ওঽ োঽ </td></tr> <tr> <td>w</td> <td>w </td> <td>ৱ</td> <td>j</td> <td>i </td> <td>য়</td> <td>aː</td> <td>aa </td> <td>আঽ াঽ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ʔ</td> <td>• or ʼ </td> <td>ʼ</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonant</a> phoneme <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> has <a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">aspirated</a> and non-aspirated pronunciations [sʰ ~ s]. The aspirated <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophone</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[sʰ]</span>, occurs at the beginning of a <a href="/wiki/Syllable" title="Syllable">syllable</a>, while the unaspirated <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[s]</span> occurs the end of a syllable. Both phonemes are written with the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨s⟩</span>. Aspirated <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> also occurs in other Asian languages such as <a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glottalization">Glottalization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atong_language_(Sino-Tibetan)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Glottalization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Glottalization" title="Glottalization">Glottalization</a> in Atong is a feature that operates on the level of the syllable, and that manifests itself as a glottal stop at the end of the syllable. Glottalization only affects open syllables and syllables ending in a continuant or a vowel. In the following examples, glottalized syllables are indicated by a following bullet. The pronunciation is given between square brackets where the symbol ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">ʔ</span>⟩ represents the glottal stop and the full stop represents the syllable boundary. </p><p>In the examples below, the following abbreviations are used: COS 'change of state', CUST 'customary aspect', INCOM 'incompletive aspect', NEG 'negative', </p><p>If the glottalized continuant is followed by a consonant, the glottalized phoneme is not released, i.e. <i>man' -khu-cha</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[manʔ.kʰutɕa]</span> (be.able-INCOM-NEG)'is not yet possible'. </p><p>If the glottalized continuant is followed by a vowel, it is released and the release repeats the continuant so that it can be said to act like the onset of the following syllable, e.g. <i>man' -ok</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[manʔ.nok]</span> (be.able-COS) 'was able'. </p><p>In a glottalized syllable with final <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> the glottal stop usually precedes the oral closure of the <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l]</span> when followed by another vowel, e.g. <i>mel' -a</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[meʔ.la]</span> (be.fat-CUST)'is fat'. This phenomenon also happens, but less frequently, with syllables ending in <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/m/</span>, e.g. <i>nom' -a</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[noʔ.ma<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>nomʔ.ma]</span> (be.soft-CUST) 'is soft'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atong_language_(Sino-Tibetan)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Atong has six <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowel qualities</a> occurring in the native vocabulary as well as in <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a>: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i<span class="wrap"> </span>e<span class="wrap"> </span>a<span class="wrap"> </span>ə<span class="wrap"> </span>o<span class="wrap"> </span>u/</span>. In addition, there are four long vowels which are only found in loanwords from English and Indic languages. These are usually pronounced longer than the indigenous vowels: /iː/ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[iː<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>i]</span>, /eː/ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[eː<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>e]</span>, /aː/ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[aː<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>a]</span> and /oː/ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[oː<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>o]</span>. In the orthography, long vowels are represented by double letters. Note that /uː/ and /əː/ are not attested. </p><p>Examples of <a href="/wiki/Minimal_pair" title="Minimal pair">minimal pairs</a> and near minimal pairs are given in the table below. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Minimal and near-minimal pairs of words with and without long vowels </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>With short vowels</th> <th>English translation </th> <th>With long vowels</th> <th>English translation </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>tin</i></td> <td>'corrugated iron</td> <td><i>tiin baji</i></td> <td>'three o'clock' </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>pel-</i></td> <td>'to copulate'</td> <td><i>peel dong'ok</i></td> <td>'failed' </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>mat</i></td> <td>'wild animal'</td> <td><i>aat baji</i></td> <td>'eight o'clock' </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ret</i></td> <td>'children's game'</td> <td><i>reel</i></td> <td>'rails, train' </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ba'-</i></td> <td>'to be born, give birth'</td> <td><i>baaa</i></td> <td>'the sound a cow makes' </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The difference between the loan and the indigenous words is a matter of vowel quality. In closed syllables, where Atong vowels would be pronounced lowered and more retracted, the loan vowels will have the same quality as the Atong vowels in open syllables. Not all loan words that have long vowels in the source language have long vowels in Atong, and not all loans that can be pronounced with a long vowel in Atong have a long vowel in the source language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syllable_structure">Syllable structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atong_language_(Sino-Tibetan)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Syllable structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The canonical syllable structure of Atong is (C)V(C), where C stands for any consonant and V for any vowel. This structure can be maintained if words like <i>mai</i> 'rice', <i>askui</i> 'star' and <i>chokhoi</i> 'fishing basket' are analysed as containing a vowel and a final glide (see <a href="/wiki/Glide_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glide (linguistics)">glide (linguistics)</a>). The glide, presented by the letter i, is the coda of the syllable rather than an element of the nucleus. In phonemic writing the words would look like this: /maj/, /askuj/, /t͡ɕokʰoj/. </p><p>There are two glides in the language: /w/ and /j/. The glide /w/ occurs in both syllable initial and syllable final position, e.g. <i>wak</i> 'pig' and <i>saw</i> 'rotten, fermented' respectively. The glide /j/ occurs only syllable finally, e.g. <i>tyi</i> /təj/ 'water'. Traditional words with the structure CVVC do not exist, e.g. *<i>gaut</i> or *<i>main</i> (where the asterisk [*] indicates the non-existence of these words). </p><p>If a <a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">diphthong</a> is defined as <i>two vowels that can occur in the nucleus of a syllable</i>, then Atong has no diphthongs. There are words that are written with two adjacent vowel <a href="/wiki/Graphemes" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphemes">graphemes</a> or letters, e.g. <i>mai</i> 'rice', <i>askui</i> 'star', and <i>chokhoi</i> 'fishing basket'. However, the letter <i>i</i> in these words represents a consonant phoneme, viz. the off glide /j/ (see Table 1). The writing system uses the letter <i>i</i> in this way because the letters <i>j</i> and <i>y</i> are both used to represent other phonemes.<sup id="cite_ref-Breugel2015_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breugel2015-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atong_language_(Sino-Tibetan)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Atong (Latin/Roman alphabet)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>English<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>Nang' jama / chola bykphyl</i> </td> <td>Your shirt is inside out </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Na'a angna tangka hyn'chawama?</i> </td> <td>Won't you give me any money? </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ningba ytykyi takwa ga'nima?</i> </td> <td>Will it be good if we do it like this? </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Atong has many loanwords from <a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> and English. These loanwords can all easily be spelled in Atong orthography using the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> (also called the Roman script). Example of loans from English are: <i>redio</i> (from the English word 'radio'), <i>rens</i> (from the English word 'wrench'), <i>skul</i> (from the English word 'school'), <i>miting</i> (from the English word 'meeting'). Other examples of loanwords are <i>chola</i> (from Assamese: চোলা /sʊla/ 'jacket, tunic, coat') and <i>jama</i> (from Assamese জামা /jāmā/ 'coat, shirt, blouse jacket'). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atong_language_(Sino-Tibetan)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e16-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e16_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/16/show_language/aot">Atong</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (16th ed., 2009) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacquesson, François. 2006. La réconstruction du passé: le cas des langues boro-garo. <i>Bulletin de la Société Linguistique de Paris</i> 101(1), 273-303</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breugel2014-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Breugel2014_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breugel2014_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breugel2014_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breugel2014_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">van Breugel, Seino. 2014. <i>A grammar of Atong</i>. Leiden, Boston: Brill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.brill.com/grammar-atong">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">van Breugel, Seino. 2021. <i>A dictionary of Atong: A Tibeto-Burman language of Northeast India and Bangladesh</i>. Berlin, Boston: de Gruyter Mouton.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breugel2019-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Breugel2019_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breugel2019_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">van Breugel, Seino. 2019. Atong Texts: Glossed, translated and annotated narratives in a Tibeto-Burman language of Meghalaya, Northeast India. Leiden, Boston: Brill.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">van Breugel, Seino. 2009a. <i>Atong morot balgaba golpho</i>. Tura: Tura Book Room.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Breugel, Seino van. 2009b. Atong-English Dictionary, 1st edn. Tura: Tura Book Room.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breugel2015-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Breugel2015_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breugel2015_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">van Breugel, Seino. 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/15882391/Atong_Spelling_Guide">Atong spelling guide</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFvan_Bruegel2008" class="citation book cs1">van Bruegel, Seino (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/Sino-Tibetan/Atong%2C%20A%20Grammar%20of%20%28van%20Breugel%29.pdf"><i>A Grammar of Atong</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. La Trobe University. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Atong&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=La+Trobe+University&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=van+Bruegel&rft.aufirst=Seino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheswissbay.ch%2Fpdf%2FBooks%2FLinguistics%2FMega%2520linguistics%2520pack%2FSino-Tibetan%2FAtong%252C%2520A%2520Grammar%2520of%2520%2528van%2520Breugel%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtong+language+%28Sino-Tibetan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burling2004-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burling2004_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burling2004_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Burling, Robbins. 2004. <i>The Language of the Modhupur Mandi (Garo). Vol. I: Grammar</i>. New Delhi: Bibliophile South Asian in association with Promilla & Co., Publishers.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/s/spobooks/bbv9808.0001.001/1:5/--language-of-the-modhupur-mandi-garo-volume-1?rgn=div1;view=fulltext">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ashtangayoga.info/sanskrit/transliteration/transliteration-tool">"Transliteration Tool"</a>. <i>Ashtanga Yoga</i>. AYI<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ashtanga+Yoga&rft.atitle=Transliteration+Tool&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ashtangayoga.info%2Fsanskrit%2Ftransliteration%2Ftransliteration-tool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtong+language+%28Sino-Tibetan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atong_language_(Sino-Tibetan)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Atongmorot, educational YouTube Channel <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHfiZwqyWC7HfZUAQ1RH1ew">[3]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=new100&morpho=0&basename=new100\stb\bga&limit=-1">Atong basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary">Atong-English Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/487053/Atongmorot_Balgaba_Golpho">Atongmorot Balgaba Golpho</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/15882391/Atong_Spelling_Guide">Atong Spelling Guide</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Sino-Tibetan_branches" title="Template:Sino-Tibetan branches"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sino-Tibetan_branches" title="Template talk:Sino-Tibetan branches"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sino-Tibetan_branches" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sino-Tibetan branches"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sino-Tibetan_branches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> branches</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/West_Himalayish_languages" title="West Himalayish languages">West Himalayish</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tamangic_languages" title="Tamangic languages">Tamangic</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newaric_languages" title="Newaric languages">Newaric</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baram%E2%80%93Thangmi_languages" title="Baram–Thangmi languages">Baram–Thangmi</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kiranti_languages" title="Kiranti languages">Kiranti</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhimalish_languages" title="Dhimalish languages">Dhimalish</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimal_language" title="Dhimal language">Dhimal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toto_language" title="Toto language">Toto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lhokpu_language" title="Lhokpu language">Lhokpu</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Greater_Magaric" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Magaric_languages" title="Greater Magaric languages">Greater Magaric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magaric_languages" title="Magaric languages">Magaric</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kham_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kham language">Kham</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chepangic_languages" title="Chepangic languages">Chepangic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chepang_language" title="Chepang language">Chepang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhujel_language" title="Bhujel language">Bhujel</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raji%E2%80%93Raute_languages" title="Raji–Raute languages">Raji–Raute</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dura_language" title="Dura language">Dura</a></i>–<i><a href="/wiki/Tandrange_language" title="Tandrange language">Tandrange</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Sino-Tibetan languages"><img alt="Map of Sino-Tibetan languages" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png/200px-Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png/300px-Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png/400px-Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="2115" data-file-height="2792" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bodish_languages" title="Bodish languages">Bodish</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetic</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bodish_languages" title="East Bodish languages">East Bodish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tshangla_language" title="Tshangla language">Tshangla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Basum_language" title="Basum language">Basum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nam_language" title="Nam language">Nam</a></i>?</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gongduk_language" title="Gongduk language">Gongduk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCOle_language" title="ʼOle language">ʼOle</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tani_languages" title="Tani languages">Tani</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo_languages" title="Chamdo languages">Chamdo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> and Indo-<br />Burmese border</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mruic_languages" title="Mruic languages">Mruic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mru_language" title="Mru language">Mru</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anu-Hkongso_language" title="Anu-Hkongso language">Hkongso</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyu_language_(Sino-Tibetan)" title="Pyu language (Sino-Tibetan)">Pyu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taman_language_(Myanmar)" title="Taman language (Myanmar)">Taman</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/wiki/Naga_languages" title="Naga languages">Naga</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ao_languages" title="Ao languages">Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angami%E2%80%93Pochuri_languages" title="Angami–Pochuri languages">Angami–Pochuri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhulic_languages" title="Tangkhulic languages">Tangkhulic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemeic_languages" title="Zemeic languages">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boro%E2%80%93Garo_languages" title="Boro–Garo languages">Boro–Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konyak_languages" title="Konyak languages">Konyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingpho%E2%80%93Luish_languages" title="Jingpho–Luish languages">Jingpho–Luish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bai_language" title="Bai language">Bai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tujia_language" title="Tujia language">Tujia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nungish_languages" title="Nungish languages">Nungish</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Karenic_languages" title="Karenic languages">Karenic</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gong_language" title="Gong language">Gong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kathu_language" title="Kathu language">Kathu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai%E2%80%93Long_languages" title="Cai–Long languages">Cai–Long</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Longjia_language" title="Longjia language">Longjia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luren_language" title="Luren language">Luren</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Burmo-Qiangic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Burmo-Qiangic_languages" title="Burmo-Qiangic languages">Burmo-Qiangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyalrongic_languages" title="Gyalrongic languages">Gyalrongic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersuic_languages" title="Ersuic languages">Ersuic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naic_languages" title="Naic languages">Naic</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lolo-Burmese_languages" title="Lolo-Burmese languages">Lolo-Burmese</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mondzish_languages" title="Mondzish languages">Mondzish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmish_languages" title="Burmish languages">Burmish</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Loloish_languages" title="Loloish languages">Loloish</a></b></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Language_isolates_and_independent_language_families_in_Arunachal" class="mw-redirect" title="Language isolates and independent language families in Arunachal">Dubious</a> (possible<br /><a href="/wiki/Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">isolates</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Language_isolates_and_independent_language_families_in_Arunachal" class="mw-redirect" title="Language isolates and independent language families in Arunachal">Arunachal</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hrusish_languages" title="Hrusish languages">Hrusish</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hruso_language" title="Hruso language">Hruso</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mijiic_languages" title="Mijiic languages">Mijiic</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kho-Bwa_languages" title="Kho-Bwa languages">Kho-Bwa</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Puroik_language" title="Puroik language">Puroik</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miju_languages" title="Miju languages">Miju–Meyor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songlin_language" title="Songlin language">Songlin</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Greater_Siangic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Siangic_languages" title="Greater Siangic languages">Greater Siangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siangic_languages" title="Siangic languages">Siangic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Koro_language_(India)" title="Koro language (India)">Koro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milang_language" title="Milang language">Milang</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digaro_languages" title="Digaro languages">Idu–Taraon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed groupings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Central Tibeto-Burman languages">Central Tibeto-Burman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin%E2%80%93Naga_languages" title="Kuki-Chin–Naga languages">Kuki-Chin–Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro-Bai_languages" title="Macro-Bai languages">Macro-Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahakiranti_languages" title="Mahakiranti languages">Mahakiranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rung_languages" title="Rung languages">Rung</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Kanauri_languages" title="Tibeto-Kanauri languages">Tibeto-Kanauri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proto-language" title="Proto-language">Proto-languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sino-Tibetan_language" title="Proto-Sino-Tibetan language">Proto-Sino-Tibetan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Tibeto-Burman_language" title="Proto-Tibeto-Burman language">Proto-Tibeto-Burman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Loloish_language" title="Proto-Loloish language">Proto-Loloish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Karenic_language" title="Proto-Karenic language">Proto-Karenic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Min" title="Proto-Min">Proto-Min</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Hakka" title="Proto-Hakka">Proto-Hakka</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sal_(Brahmaputran)_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sal_languages" title="Template:Sal languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sal_languages" title="Template talk:Sal languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sal_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sal languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sal_(Brahmaputran)_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal (Brahmaputran) languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boro%E2%80%93Garo_languages" title="Boro–Garo languages">Boro–Garo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boroic_languages" title="Boroic languages">Boroic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boro_language_(India)" title="Boro language (India)">Bodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_language" title="Dimasa language">Dimasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok" title="Kokborok">Kokborok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwa_language_(India)" title="Tiwa language (India)">Tiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barman_language" title="Barman language">Barman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachari_language" title="Kachari language">Kachari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Garo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megam_language" title="Megam language">Megam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Koch_languages" title="Koch languages">Kochic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koch_language" title="Koch language">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabha_language" title="Rabha language">Rabha</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Atong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruga_language" title="Ruga language">Ruga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deori</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deori_language" title="Deori language">Deori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moran_language" title="Moran language">Moran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Konyak_languages" title="Konyak languages">Konyak<br />(Northern Naga)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Konyak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konyak_language" title="Konyak language">Konyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang_language" title="Chang language">Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phom_language" title="Phom language">Phom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khiamniungan_language" title="Khiamniungan language">Khiamniungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leinong_language" title="Leinong language">Leinong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makyam_language" title="Makyam language">Makyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponyo_language" title="Ponyo language">Ponyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tangsa–Nocte</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tangsa_language" title="Tangsa language">Tangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocte_language" title="Nocte language">Nocte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutsa_language" title="Tutsa language">Tutsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jingpho%E2%80%93Luish_languages" title="Jingpho–Luish languages">Jingpho–Luish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jingpho</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jingpho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingpho language">Jingpho (Kachin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singpho_dialect" title="Singpho dialect">Singpho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turung_language" title="Turung language">Turung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Luish_languages" title="Luish languages">Luish (Asakian)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sak_language" title="Sak language">Sak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadu_language" title="Kadu language">Kadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganan_language" title="Ganan language">Ganan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakpa_language" title="Chakpa language">Chakpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Northeast_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Northeast_India" title="Template:Languages of Northeast India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Northeast_India" title="Template talk:Languages of Northeast India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Northeast_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Northeast India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Northeast_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India#Languages" title="Northeast India">Languages</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Arunachal_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal<br />Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deori_language" title="Deori language">Deori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocte_language" title="Nocte language">Nocte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singpho_dialect" title="Singpho dialect">Singpho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangsa_language" title="Tangsa language">Tangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutsa_language" title="Tutsa language">Tutsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tani_languages" title="Tani languages">Tani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi language">Adi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatani_language" title="Apatani language">Apatani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bori_language" title="Bori language">Bori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallong_language" title="Gallong language">Gallong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishi_language" title="Nishi language">Nishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangam_language" title="Tangam language">Tangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yano_language" title="Yano language">Yano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milang_language" title="Milang language">Milang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefamese" title="Nefamese">Nefamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puimei_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Puimei language">Puimei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Assam" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Assam">Assam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupriya_Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupriya Manipuri language">Bishnupriya Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haflong_Hindi" title="Haflong Hindi">Haflong Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_language" title="Sylheti language">Sylheti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amri_language" title="Amri language">Amri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawm_language" title="Bawm language">Bawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiru_language" title="Chiru language">Chiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangte_language" title="Gangte language">Gangte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_language" title="Hmar language">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrangkhol_language" title="Hrangkhol language">Hrangkhol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_language" title="Paite language">Paite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranglong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranglong language">Ranglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saihriem_language" title="Saihriem language">Saihriem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Sakachep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_language" title="Vaiphei language">Vaiphei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barman_language" title="Barman language">Barman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodo language">Bodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deori_language" title="Deori language">Deori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_language" title="Dimasa language">Dimasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachari_language" title="Kachari language">Kachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_language" title="Koch language">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok" title="Kokborok">Kokborok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moran_language" title="Moran language">Moran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocte_language" title="Nocte language">Nocte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabha_language" title="Rabha language">Rabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singpho_dialect" title="Singpho dialect">Singpho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangsa_language" title="Tangsa language">Tangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwa_language_(India)" title="Tiwa language (India)">Tiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turung_language" title="Turung language">Turung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutsa_language" title="Tutsa language">Tutsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tani_languages" title="Tani languages">Tani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi language">Adi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangni-Tagin_language" title="Bangni-Tagin language">Bangni-Tagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokar_language" title="Bokar language">Bokar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_Miri_dialect" title="Hill Miri dialect">Hill Miri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mising_language" title="Mising language">Mising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_dialect" title="Na dialect">Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishi_language" title="Nishi language">Nishi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zemeic_languages" title="Zemeic languages">Zeme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inpui_language" title="Inpui language">Inpui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoirao_language" title="Khoirao language">Khoirao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maram_language" title="Maram language">Maram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongmei_language" title="Rongmei language">Rongmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_language" title="Zeme language">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Kra-Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_language" title="Ahom language">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamti_language" title="Khamti language">Khamti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamyang_language" title="Khamyang language">Khamyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiton_language" title="Aiton language">Tai Aiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Phake_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai Phake language">Tai Phake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Manipur" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Manipur">Manipur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal language">Anal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiru_language" title="Chiru language">Chiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chothe_language" title="Chothe language">Chothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangte_language" title="Gangte language">Gangte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrangkhol_language" title="Hrangkhol language">Hrangkhol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kom_language_(India)" title="Kom language (India)">Kom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamkang_language" title="Lamkang language">Lamkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyon_language" title="Moyon language">Moyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_language" title="Paite language">Paite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purum_language" title="Purum language">Purum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralte_language" title="Ralte language">Ralte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simte_language" title="Simte language">Simte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thadou_language" title="Thadou language">Thadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_language" title="Vaiphei language">Vaiphei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_language" title="Zou language">Zou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_language" title="Hmar language">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsang_language" title="Monsang language">Monsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Sakachep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbung_language" title="Sorbung language">Sorbung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarao_language" title="Tarao language">Tarao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zemeic_languages" title="Zemeic languages">Zeme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inpui_language" title="Inpui language">Inpui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoirao_language" title="Khoirao language">Khoirao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maram_language" title="Maram language">Maram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puimei_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Puimei language">Puimei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongmei_language" title="Rongmei language">Rongmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_language" title="Zeme language">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairel_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairel language">Chairel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maring_language_(India)" title="Maring language (India)">Maring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uipo_language" title="Uipo language">Uipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopvoma_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopvoma language">Sopvoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Meghalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amri_language" title="Amri language">Amri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangte_language" title="Gangte language">Gangte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Khelma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_language" title="Vaiphei language">Vaiphei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khasic_languages" title="Khasic languages">Khasic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_language" title="Khasi language">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyngngam_language" title="Lyngngam language">Lyngngam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnar_language" title="Pnar language">Pnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_language" title="War language">War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Atong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_language" title="Koch language">Koch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mizoram" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Mizoram">Mizoram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falam_language" title="Falam language">Falam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakha_Chin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakha Chin language">Hakha Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_language" title="Hmar language">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Khelma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok" title="Kokborok">Kokborok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_language" title="Mara language">Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nga_La_language" title="Nga La language">Nga La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranglong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranglong language">Ranglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_language" title="Paite language">Paite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralte_language" title="Ralte language">Ralte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedim_language" title="Tedim language">Tedim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zyphe_language" title="Zyphe language">Zyphe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nagaland" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Nagaland">Nagaland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-<br />Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angami%E2%80%93Pochuri_languages" title="Angami–Pochuri languages">Angami-<br />Pochuri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angami_language" title="Angami language">Angami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokri_language" title="Chokri language">Chokri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzhami_language" title="Kuzhami language">Kuzhami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyon_language" title="Moyon language">Moyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ntenyi_language" title="Ntenyi language">Ntenyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pochuri_language" title="Pochuri language">Pochuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rengma_language" title="Rengma language">Rengma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumi language">Sema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopvoma_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopvoma language">Sopvoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ao_languages" title="Ao languages">Ao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ao_language" title="Ao language">Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotha_language" title="Lotha language">Lotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongsen_Ao_language" title="Mongsen Ao language">Mongsen Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangtam_language" title="Sangtam language">Sangtam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wui_language" title="Wui language">Wui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yimkhiungr%C3%BC_language" title="Yimkhiungrü language">Yimchungrü</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang_language" title="Chang language">Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_language" title="Dimasa language">Dimasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khiamniungan_language" title="Khiamniungan language">Khiamniungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konyak_language" title="Konyak language">Konyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocte_language" title="Nocte language">Nocte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phom_language" title="Phom language">Phom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zemeic_languages" title="Zemeic languages">Zeme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inpui_language" title="Inpui language">Inpui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamkang_language" title="Lamkang language">Lamkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mzieme_language" title="Mzieme language">Mzieme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongmei_language" title="Rongmei language">Rongmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_language" title="Zeme language">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiru_language" title="Chiru language">Chiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chothe_language" title="Chothe language">Chothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Khelma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makury_language" title="Makury language">Makury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagamese_creole" title="Nagamese creole">Nagamese creole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sikkim" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_language" title="Gurung language">Gurung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_language" title="Limbu language">Limbu‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newar‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_language" title="Sherpa language">Sherpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikkimese language">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language" title="Sunwar language">Sunwar‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamang_language" title="Tamang language">Tamang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakkha_language" title="Yakkha language">Yakkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolmo_language" title="Yolmo language">Yolmo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tripura" title="Languages of Tripura">Tripura</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupriya_Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupriya Manipuri language">Bishnupriya Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_language" title="Sylheti language">Sylheti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bawm_language" title="Bawm language">Bawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlong_language" title="Darlong language">Darlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_language" title="Koch language">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok" title="Kokborok">Kokborok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_language" title="Paite language">Paite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralte_language" title="Ralte language">Ralte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranglong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranglong language">Ranglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thadou_language" title="Thadou language">Thadou</a></li> <li><a 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