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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="YqS+RIalGRveEMVCgbcFra4NyjpY7Z2NZKT2xNspR0dAn4esBuLpekH/tVQdF9xMj2cPe7OXnOEzN37Z+w52AQ==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Kantian Naturalism in Moral Theory" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2013" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Kant und die Philosophie in weltbürgerlicher Absicht" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Roberto Mordacci" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="431-442" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/322487/Kantian_Naturalism_in_Moral_Theory" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Kantian Naturalism in Moral Theory" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The most influential interpretation of Kant’s ethical thought in the last thirty years has been in terms of constructivism ; consequently, the Categorical Imperative has been interpreted as a procedure and the general metaethical perspective attitude" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/245131/53121/48935/s200_roberto.mordacci.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/322487/Kantian_Naturalism_in_Moral_Theory" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Kantian Naturalism in Moral Theory" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The most influential interpretation of Kant’s ethical thought in the last thirty years has been in terms of constructivism ; consequently, the Categorical Imperative has been interpreted as a procedure and the general metaethical perspective attitude" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://unisr.academia.edu/RobertoMordacci" /> <meta name="description" content="The most influential interpretation of Kant’s ethical thought in the last thirty years has been in terms of constructivism ; consequently, the Categorical Imperative has been interpreted as a procedure and the general metaethical perspective attitude" /> <title>(PDF) Kantian Naturalism in Moral Theory | Roberto Mordacci - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/322487/Kantian_Naturalism_in_Moral_Theory" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '9387f500ddcbb8d05c67bef28a2fe0334f1aafb8'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1733053461000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1733053461000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;The most influential interpretation of Kant’s ethical thought in the last thirty years has been in terms of constructivism ; consequently, the Categorical Imperative has been interpreted as a procedure and the general metaethical perspective attitude among Kantians has been anti-realistic. In fact, Kant explicitly rejects attempts at grounding morality in anthropology (e.g. KrV B 869-870) or in sensible experience (MS, AA 6, 215, 217). Yet some scholars have recently challenged this interpretation , a number of thinkers of Kantian inclination in the recent past have tried to develop rather realistic frameworks for normative ethical theories and still others have criticized the presumed anti-naturalism of Kant’s thought in general . Nonetheless, the appeal to the notion of nature is recurrent in many of Kant’s texts on ethics and it seems that, in a sense, a Kantian foundation of morality needs to define a meaning of nature which is connected with the basis of the normative power of practical reason and is implied in its structure. There is reason to think that the idea of natural law, which has been rather abandoned in the constructivistic interpretation, can be the starting point for a better interpretation of Kant’s ethical thought and for a consistent normative theory. In order to show the feasibility of this perspective I will first try to make clear the difference between the Kantian kind of appeal to nature and that implied, on the one hand, in contemporary «ethical naturalism» and, on the other, in traditional Aristotelian-Scholastic naturalism (classical naturalism). I will then take distance from the constructivistic interpretations of Kant’s ethical thought and try to show, rather briefly, the essential structure of what can be called a «realism of freedom», which is, I believe, the core of Kantian ethics. The idea of freedom as real and inscribed in the nature of practical reason is then recognized as the basis of morality, through the argument from the Fact of Reason. \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Roberto Mordacci"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2010-09-09","dateModified":"2014-05-23","datePublished":null,"headline":"Kantian Naturalism in Moral Theory","inLanguage":"en","keywords":[],"locationCreated":null,"publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/322487/Kantian_Naturalism_in_Moral_Theory","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"unisr"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" 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In fact, Kant explicitly rejects attempts at grounding morality in anthropology (e.g. KrV B 869-870) or in sensible experience (MS, AA 6, 215, 217). Yet some scholars have recently challenged this interpretation , a number of thinkers of Kantian inclination in the recent past have tried to develop rather realistic frameworks for normative ethical theories and still others have criticized the presumed anti-naturalism of Kant’s thought in general . \r\nNonetheless, the appeal to the notion of nature is recurrent in many of Kant’s texts on ethics and it seems that, in a sense, a Kantian foundation of morality needs to define a meaning of nature which is connected with the basis of the normative power of practical reason and is implied in its structure. There is reason to think that the idea of natural law, which has been rather abandoned in the constructivistic interpretation, can be the starting point for a better interpretation of Kant’s ethical thought and for a consistent normative theory. In order to show the feasibility of this perspective I will first try to make clear the difference between the Kantian kind of appeal to nature and that implied, on the one hand, in contemporary «ethical naturalism» and, on the other, in traditional Aristotelian-Scholastic naturalism (classical naturalism). I will then take distance from the constructivistic interpretations of Kant’s ethical thought and try to show, rather briefly, the essential structure of what can be called a «realism of freedom», which is, I believe, the core of Kantian ethics. The idea of freedom as real and inscribed in the nature of practical reason is then recognized as the basis of morality, through the argument from the Fact of Reason. \r\n","more_info":"Presented at the World Kantian Congress, Pisa May, 22th-26th, 2010 "},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":40,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Kantian Naturalism in Moral Theory","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [245131]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":1598898,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Kantian Naturalism in Moral Theory”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/1598898/mini_magick20190427-15803-1235bi7.png?1556390872" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Kantian Naturalism in Moral Theory</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="245131" href="https://unisr.academia.edu/RobertoMordacci"><img alt="Profile image of Roberto Mordacci" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/245131/53121/48935/s65_roberto.mordacci.jpg" />Roberto Mordacci</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">10 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 322487; 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} }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The most influential interpretation of Kant’s ethical thought in the last thirty years has been in terms of constructivism ; consequently, the Categorical Imperative has been interpreted as a procedure and the general metaethical perspective attitude among Kantians has been anti-realistic. In fact, Kant explicitly rejects attempts at grounding morality in anthropology (e.g. KrV B 869-870) or in sensible experience (MS, AA 6, 215, 217). Yet some scholars have recently challenged this interpretation , a number of thinkers of Kantian inclination in the recent past have tried to develop rather realistic frameworks for normative ethical theories and still others have criticized the presumed anti-naturalism of Kant’s thought in general . Nonetheless, the appeal to the notion of nature is recurrent in many of Kant’s texts on ethics and it seems that, in a sense, a Kantian foundation of morality needs to define a meaning of nature which is connected with the basis of the normative power of practical reason and is implied in its structure. There is reason to think that the idea of natural law, which has been rather abandoned in the constructivistic interpretation, can be the starting point for a better interpretation of Kant’s ethical thought and for a consistent normative theory. In order to show the feasibility of this perspective I will first try to make clear the difference between the Kantian kind of appeal to nature and that implied, on the one hand, in contemporary «ethical naturalism» and, on the other, in traditional Aristotelian-Scholastic naturalism (classical naturalism). I will then take distance from the constructivistic interpretations of Kant’s ethical thought and try to show, rather briefly, the essential structure of what can be called a «realism of freedom», which is, I believe, the core of Kantian ethics. The idea of freedom as real and inscribed in the nature of practical reason is then recognized as the basis of morality, through the argument from the Fact of Reason. </p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":1598898,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/322487/Kantian_Naturalism_in_Moral_Theory"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":1598898,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/322487/Kantian_Naturalism_in_Moral_Theory"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="1598898" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/322487/Kantian_Naturalism_in_Moral_Theory" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="33503931" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33503931/Naturalism_and_Realism_in_Kants_Ethics">Naturalism and Realism in Kant's Ethics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3042709" href="https://illinois.academia.edu/JochenBojanowski">Jochen Bojanowski</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Kantian Review, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper is a discussion of Frederick Rauscher's interpretation of Kant's moral epistemology and moral ontology. Rauscher and I both agree that Kant is a moral idealist, yet we disagree about the nature of his idealism. In the first section, I show that Rauscher neglects the common ground of Kant’s theoretical and practical philosophy, i.e. reason as a capacity for knowledge. As a consequence, Rauscher does not do justice to Kant’s practical cognitivism, and it remains an open question how his moral idealism can account for strict objectivity. In section 2, I show why Rauscher’s naturalism turns categorical imperatives into mere fictions that are either not really categorical or in fact overly demanding. In section 3, I turn to the notion of transcendental freedom, which seems to pose a problem for Rauscher’s naturalist interpretation. Rauscher makes room for his nat- uralism by restricting Kant’s notion of transcendental freedom to the act of self-legislation and operates with a compatibilist notion of freedom at the level of choice. I argue that this view is not only incompatible with Kant’s account of acting from duty but also cannot do justice to Kant’s definition of freedom of choice as the ‘capacity of pure reason to be by itself practical’. In section 4, I turn to what Rauscher calls the priority of theoretical reason over practical reason, or, as he also puts it, the ‘priority of belief’ over ‘determination of action’. I argue that the distinction between ‘belief’ and ‘action’, as Rauscher draws it, cuts right through Kant’s notion of a prac- tical belief and a practical postulate. If Rauscher is willing to let these notions go, he must also give up on Kant’s doctrine of the highest good. Finally, I return to Rauscher’s moral ontology. In particular, I discuss two of his claims: (i) moral realists run into Kant’s heteronomy objection, and (ii) moral idealists should give up on the notion of intrinsic moral value properties. I argue against both claims and offer an alternative account.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Naturalism and Realism in Kant's Ethics","attachmentId":53542171,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33503931/Naturalism_and_Realism_in_Kants_Ethics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33503931/Naturalism_and_Realism_in_Kants_Ethics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="94828937" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/94828937/KantsCritique_of_Practical_Reason">Kant'sCritique of Practical Reason</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="72758743" href="https://st-andrews.academia.edu/JensTimmermann">Jens Timmermann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Kant'sCritique of Practical Reason","attachmentId":97179703,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/94828937/KantsCritique_of_Practical_Reason","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/94828937/KantsCritique_of_Practical_Reason"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="9799877" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9799877/Kantian_Ethics">Kantian Ethics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="250119" href="https://northwestern.academia.edu/KylaEbelsDuggan">Kyla Ebels-Duggan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">I articulate and defend the most central claims of contemporary Kantian moral theory. I also explain some of the most important internal disagreements in the field, contrasting two approaches to Kantian ethics: Kantian Constructivism and Kantian Realism. I connect the former to Kant’s Formula of Universal Law and the latter to his Formula of Humanity. I end by discussing applications of the Formula of Humanity in normative ethics.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Kantian Ethics","attachmentId":35972727,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9799877/Kantian_Ethics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9799877/Kantian_Ethics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="2327860" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2327860/Kants_Natural_Teleology_and_Moral_Praxis">Kant's Natural Teleology and Moral Praxis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="473994" href="https://mmu.academia.edu/PeterCritchley">Peter Critchley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper examines Kant’s philosophy in three parts. Part I concerns knowledge and looks at reason, its limits and extent. This part shows how Kant went beyond the empiricism and rationalism debate by incorporating the key elements of both in his transcendental idealism. The constructive and critical theories contained in the critiques are examined. These are shown to establish adequate foundations for both scientific knowledge and moral truth. Part II shows how Kant makes good his promise to bring the worlds of Newton and Rousseau together, combining the mechanistic conception of a causally ordered nature with the belief in the free will. Kant is thus shown to secure the basis of objective knowledge with respect to the external world whilst at the same time affirming freedom as the moral responsibility of human beings. This part looks at the moral law and happiness in terms of the highest good, emphasizing that Kant shows how human beings can transcend their natural and egoistic inclinations to create a moral society of cooperation with a view to the common good. In Part III the implications of this ethic is developed with respect to the practical world of politics. There are sections on peace and freedom under law and the republican constitution. As the paper draws to a conclusion it takes a critical look at Kantian rationalism as pertaining to a culture established in too sharp an abstraction from nature. To correct this dualism, this part identifies the basis of a natural teleology in Kant, proceeding to emphasize the centrality of moral praxis in realizing the highest good as the morally necessary end of rational nature. The argument is that Kant presents a social and a practical ethics which enjoins us to realize the moral community. In order to realize their rational/moral nature and thus become free beings, empirical individuals must bring about the moral order which embodies the highest good. The primacy of pure practical reason therefore affirms that the world is created by human praxis as a moral praxis and defines Kant’s philosophy as both praxis-orientated and future-oriented.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Kant's Natural Teleology and Moral Praxis","attachmentId":33981362,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2327860/Kants_Natural_Teleology_and_Moral_Praxis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2327860/Kants_Natural_Teleology_and_Moral_Praxis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="37454405" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37454405/Naturalism_and_the_Primacy_of_the_Practical_Kant_on_the_Form_of_Theoretical_and_Practical_Reason">Naturalism and the Primacy of the Practical: Kant on the Form of Theoretical and Practical Reason</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="17701516" href="https://uni-potsdam.academia.edu/JohannesHaag">Johannes Haag</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Giladi, P. (ed.), Responses to Naturalism: Critical Perspectives from Idealism and Pragmatism, Routledge</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In his Critique of Practical Reason, Kant emphasises that " it is … always only one and the same reason which, whether for a theoretical or a practical aim, judges according to a priori principles " (CPrR 5:121). And yet the form of practical judgement clearly is different from the form of theoretical judgement: in theoretical judgement, the object of representation precedes the representation; whereas in practical judgement the representation of the object precedes the object. Theoretical judgement thus is tailored to the description of nature and its specific (i.e. mechanistic) causality, whereas practical judgmeent serves to articulate the intentions of finite rational beings and their specific (i.e. teleological) causality. Kant argues that there is a primacy of practical reason that affords some theoretical propositions (that cannot be validated by theoretical reason alone) to be sufficiently authenticated by practical reason if they belong to the latter's (morally founded) interest, notably the existence of God and the immortality of the soul. Furthermore, it does not suffice for theoretical reason to simply accept these propositions; it is required on the grounds of the primacy of practical reason " to compare and connect them with everything that it has within its power as speculative reason " (CPrR 5:121). In this chapter, I will show that the far-reaching results of this claim are worked out no earlier than in the completion of the Critique of the Power of Judgement. In this culminating work of Kant's Critical Philosophy, we can observe how much the naturalistic description of the empirical world in the end has to submit to the practical interest of reason without at the same time transgressing the ultimate conceptual barrier between the theoretical and the practical. While the power of judgement even brings the practical form of reason and its characteristic causality to bear on the description of empirical reality, it does so only in its reflective or regulative mode. A teleological description of nature, consequently, cannot afford us a theology and the barrier between theoretical and practical reason can be shown to be upheld by the ethicotheology of the third Critique.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Naturalism and the Primacy of the Practical: Kant on the Form of Theoretical and Practical Reason","attachmentId":57422344,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37454405/Naturalism_and_the_Primacy_of_the_Practical_Kant_on_the_Form_of_Theoretical_and_Practical_Reason","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37454405/Naturalism_and_the_Primacy_of_the_Practical_Kant_on_the_Form_of_Theoretical_and_Practical_Reason"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="7618419" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7618419/Torralba_J_M_Kant_on_the_Law_of_Nature_as_the_Type_of_Moral_Law_On_the_Typic_of_the_Faculty_of_Pure_Practical_Judgment_and_the_Good_as_the_Object_of_Practical_Reason_en_Natural_law_Historical_Systematic_and_Juridical_Approaches_Cambridge_Scholars_Publishing_Newcastle_pp_195_221">Torralba, J. M., “Kant on the Law of Nature as the Type of Moral Law. On the ‘Typic of the Faculty of Pure Practical Judgment’ and the Good as the Object of Practical Reason”, en Natural law: Historical, Systematic and Juridical Approaches, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle, pp. 195-221.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13758113" href="https://unav.academia.edu/JoseMTorralba">José M. Torralba</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Kant is not remembered in the history of philosophy as a theorist of natural law. However, as some recent studies have shown, this fact need not inevitably prompt the conclusion that the concept of natural law is alien to Kantian philosophy, nor that Kant himself ignored the specific problems of iusnaturalism. In my view, there are at least three areas in which the concepts and problems of (classical and modern) iusnaturalism as a whole play a key role in the Kantian ethical and juridical systems. The first of these areas is the general framework that shapes Kantian ethics, which may only be understood in the context of the debates between intellectualists – such as Leibniz, Wolff and Baumgarten – and voluntarists – such as Pufendorf and Crusius.The doctrine of right in MS, wherein Kant critiques theories of natural law inspired by Aristotelian philosophy because they defer to natural inclinations, is the second area in which the problematic issue of natural law arises. The third area in Kant’s work in which natural law surfaces is the focus of this chapter: the relationship between the legality of nature and the legality of freedom articulated by Kant, in which natural law is framed as the type of moral law. In fact, two formulations of the categorical imperative rest on this relationship: as a universal law and as a law of nature. The meaning of the term “natural law” in this context is different to the normal meaning of the term in iusnaturalism; here it denotes the laws of the natural world – that is, the principles which govern the causal chain of phaenomena. In any case, however, Kant defines the principle of morality (the categorical imperative) in terms of natural legality. Thus, it may be said that Kant addresses one of the characteristic problems faced by theorists of natural law; that is, to determine what the first precept of that law is, by which good may be distinguished from evil, and on the basis of which derived obligations or particular duties rest.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7618419/Torralba_J_M_Kant_on_the_Law_of_Nature_as_the_Type_of_Moral_Law_On_the_Typic_of_the_Faculty_of_Pure_Practical_Judgment_and_the_Good_as_the_Object_of_Practical_Reason_en_Natural_law_Historical_Systematic_and_Juridical_Approaches_Cambridge_Scholars_Publishing_Newcastle_pp_195_221"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="71107291" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71107291/Discussing_Normative_Ethical_Reasons_and_Moral_Realism_with_Kant_A_Meta_Ethical_Perspective">Discussing Normative Ethical Reasons and Moral Realism with Kant: A Meta-Ethical Perspective</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="80656270" href="https://uoa.academia.edu/KonstantinaRoussidi">Konstantina Roussidi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Modernity and Contemporaneity, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This chapter aims to provide a brief but thorough view of the central ideas of moral realism regarding ethical normative reasons. Moral realism contains the concept of discovery of normative moral reasons and, along with antirealism, serves a prominent role in the contemporary philosophical debate on normative ethics. This essay will follow a metaethical interpretation of explaining ethical normative propositions. It will mainly be based on Immanuel Kant's critical theories and will aim to comprehend the foundations of the generally accepted normative reasons of wider scope, such as respect for human beings. Such fundamental reasons constitute of an ontological unit that is not affected by the psycho-physiological conditions of the rational ethical actor and thus perceived as having a regulative and objective status. This objectivity signifies the existence of a transcendental place different and beyond the empirical experience. This is an a priori way of moral Reason's functioning; it transcends individuality and selfish dispositions, having a form of law, namely the Ethical Law. If external experience ultimately determines the ethical decision, then the reasonable will of the actor will be dependent on passions such as personal interests. It is emphasized that moral agents need to function under the spontaneity of logical reasoning to naturally act in an ethical manner and not on the basis of various exogenous factors.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Discussing Normative Ethical Reasons and Moral Realism with Kant: A Meta-Ethical Perspective","attachmentId":80600762,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71107291/Discussing_Normative_Ethical_Reasons_and_Moral_Realism_with_Kant_A_Meta_Ethical_Perspective","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71107291/Discussing_Normative_Ethical_Reasons_and_Moral_Realism_with_Kant_A_Meta_Ethical_Perspective"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="299351" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/299351/The_Practicality_of_Pure_Reason_Kants_Theory_of_Moral_Motivation">The Practicality of Pure Reason: Kant's Theory of Moral Motivation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="225316" href="https://uc3m.academia.edu/TriantafyllosGkouvas">Triantafyllos Gkouvas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The purpose of this paper is to defend the view that Kant has propounded an internalist theory of moral motivation. In particular, I shall argue that Kant’s espousal of internalism is evidenced by his claim that pure reason’s relation to the will is premised on a practical synthetic a priori proposition. What I aim to demonstrate is that Kant treated practical syntheticity as a pivotal concept for his account of what it means to be motivated by principles of pure reason. On my construal of Kant’s motivational theory, the relation between universalizable maxims and the moral interest to act upon them is necessary but non-tautological, since violations of duty are logically possible despite our having a moral reason to act. What prevents the latter argument from collapsing into a quasiexternalist account of moral motivation is that the motivational impact of law-like maxims is ultimately premised on a normative conception of ourselves as free agents.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Practicality of Pure Reason: Kant's Theory of Moral Motivation","attachmentId":1422116,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/299351/The_Practicality_of_Pure_Reason_Kants_Theory_of_Moral_Motivation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/299351/The_Practicality_of_Pure_Reason_Kants_Theory_of_Moral_Motivation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="43870669" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43870669/Moralized_nature_naturalized_autonomy_Kant_s_way_of_bridging_the_gap_in_the_third_Critique_and_in_the_Groundwork_">Moralized nature, naturalized autonomy. Kant’s way of bridging the gap in the third Critique (and in the Groundwork)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="166425233" href="https://uni-halle.academia.edu/HeinerFKlemme">Heiner F. Klemme</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Kant on Moral Autonomy, ed. Oliver Sensen, Cambridge: Cambrdige University Press, pp. 193-211., 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Moralized nature, naturalized autonomy. Kant’s way of bridging the gap in the third Critique (and in the Groundwork)","attachmentId":64194086,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43870669/Moralized_nature_naturalized_autonomy_Kant_s_way_of_bridging_the_gap_in_the_third_Critique_and_in_the_Groundwork_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43870669/Moralized_nature_naturalized_autonomy_Kant_s_way_of_bridging_the_gap_in_the_third_Critique_and_in_the_Groundwork_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="105261464" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/105261464/Kant_on_the_doctrines_of_virtue_and_right">Kant on the doctrines of virtue and right</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="103555947" href="https://uwm-pl.academia.edu/Marta%C5%9Aliwa">Marta Śliwa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Con-textos Kantianos: International Journal of Philosophy, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A new book by Jeffrey Edwards Associate Professor of Philosophy, Stony Brook University (State University of New York) entitled Autonomy, in Moral Worth, and Right. Kant on Obligatory Ends, Respect for Law, and Original Acquisition has been published this year in the excellent Kantstudien-Ergänzungshefte series. The book incorporates some published materials from Edwards’ previous articles and anthology chapters but, at the same time, it makes a coherent unity aimed at investigation of the problems related to Kant’s practical philosophy and its relation to the history of modern ethics. The analysis of Kant’s last major work on ethics, Metaphysics of Morals of 1797, which forms the basis of that research, allows Edwards to unveil new implications and consequences of Kant’s theory of practical reason’s obligatory ends and his juridical theories of right and property. The book has got a clear structure of contents and is divided into four main parts: each one has got detailed divisions...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Kant on the doctrines of virtue and right","attachmentId":104764479,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105261464/Kant_on_the_doctrines_of_virtue_and_right","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/105261464/Kant_on_the_doctrines_of_virtue_and_right"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":1598898,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":1598898,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_1598898" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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M., “The Two Objects of Practical Reason. Moral autonomy, human causality, and inner disposition (Gesinnung)”, in Bacin, S. – Ferrarin, A. – La Rocca, C. – Ruffing, M. (Hg.), Kant und die Philosophie in weltbürgerlicher Absicht, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin – New York, 2013, pp. 693-705.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13758113" href="https://unav.academia.edu/JoseMTorralba">José M. 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