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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>1660s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1660s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1670s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1670s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>1670s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1670s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1700–1711" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1700–1711"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>1700–1711</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1700–1711-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88" title="نيكولا بوالو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيكولا بوالو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Bualo" title="Nikola Bualo – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nikola Bualo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88" title="نیکولا بوالو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیکولا بوالو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BE" title="Нікала Буало-Дэпрэо – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нікала Буало-Дэпрэо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux" title="Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Никола Буало – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Никола Буало" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux" title="Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AC_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%8E" title="Νικολά Μπουαλώ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νικολά Μπουαλώ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Boileau" title="Nicolás Boileau – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nicolás Boileau" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88" title="نیکولا بوالو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیکولا بوالو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC_%EB%B6%80%EC%95%8C%EB%A1%9C" title="니콜라 부알로 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="니콜라 부알로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A1_%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8" title="Նիկոլա Բուալո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիկոլա Բուալո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%90_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95" title="ניקולא בואלו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניקולא בואלו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Никола Буало – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Никола Буало" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Boileau" title="Nicolaus Boileau – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nicolaus Boileau" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Никола Боало – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Никола Боало" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88" title="نيكولا بوالو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيكولا بوالو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88" title="نیکولا بوالو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نیکولا بوالو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9C%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%87%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC" title="ニコラ・ボアロー＝デプレオー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニコラ・ボアロー＝デプレオー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux" title="Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bualo" title="Bualo – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bualo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Буало, Никола – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Буало, Никола" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux" title="Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%84%DB%86" title="نیکۆلا بوێلۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیکۆلا بوێلۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Никола Боало – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Никола Боало" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" title="Nicolas Boileau – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nicolas Boileau" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv 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lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French poet and critic (1636–1711)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolas_Boileau.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait of Boileau by Jean-Baptiste Santerre, 1678"><img alt="Portrait of Boileau by Jean-Baptiste Santerre, 1678" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nicolas_Boileau.PNG/225px-Nicolas_Boileau.PNG" decoding="async" width="225" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nicolas_Boileau.PNG/338px-Nicolas_Boileau.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nicolas_Boileau.PNG/450px-Nicolas_Boileau.PNG 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="786" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Portrait of Boileau by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Santerre" title="Jean-Baptiste Santerre">Jean-Baptiste Santerre</a>, 1678</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1636-11-01</span>)</span>1 November 1636<br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">13 March 1711<span style="display:none">(1711-03-13)</span> (aged 74)<br />Paris, Kingdom of France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Poet, critic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/College_of_Sorbonne" title="College of Sorbonne">College of Sorbonne</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">Paris</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Nicolas_Boileau.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Blason_Nicolas_Boileau.svg/170px-Blason_Nicolas_Boileau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Blason_Nicolas_Boileau.svg/255px-Blason_Nicolas_Boileau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Blason_Nicolas_Boileau.svg/340px-Blason_Nicolas_Boileau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of Boileau-Despréaux family</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[nikɔla<span class="wrap"> </span>bwalo<span class="wrap"> </span>depʁeo]</a></span>; 1 November 1636 – 13 March 1711), often known simply as <b>Boileau</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), was a <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">poet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Critic" title="Critic">critic</a>. He did much to reform the prevailing form of French poetry, in the same way that <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a> did to reform the prose. He was greatly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_and_education">Family and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boileau was the fifteenth child of Gilles Boileau, a clerk in the <a href="/wiki/Parlement_of_Paris" title="Parlement of Paris">Parlement of Paris</a>. Two of his brothers attained some distinction: <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Boileau" title="Gilles Boileau">Gilles Boileau</a>, the author of a translation of <a href="/wiki/Epictetus" title="Epictetus">Epictetus</a>; and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Boileau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Boileau (page does not exist)">Jacques Boileau</a>, who became a canon of the <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle">Sainte-Chapelle</a>, and made valuable contributions to church history. The surname "<a href="/wiki/Despr%C3%A9aux_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Despréaux (disambiguation)">Despréaux</a>" was derived from a small property at <a href="/wiki/Crosne,_Essonne" title="Crosne, Essonne">Crosne</a> near <a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-Saint-Georges" title="Villeneuve-Saint-Georges">Villeneuve-Saint-Georges</a>. His mother died when he was two years old; and Nicolas Boileau, who had a delicate constitution, seems to have suffered something from want of care.<sup id="cite_ref-EB11_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_Augustin_Sainte-Beuve" title="Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve">Sainte-Beuve</a> puts down his somewhat hard and unsympathetic outlook quite as much to the uninspiring circumstances of these days as to the general character of his time. He cannot be said to have been early disenchanted, for he never seems to have had any illusions; he grew up with a single passion, "the hatred of stupid books." He was educated at the Collège de Beauvais, and was then sent to study <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_Sorbonne" class="mw-redirect" title="Collège de Sorbonne">Sorbonne</a>. He exchanged theology for <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>, however, and was called to the bar on December 4, 1656. From the profession of law, after a short trial, he recoiled in disgust, complaining bitterly of the amount of chicanery which passed under the name of law and justice. His father died in 1657, leaving him a small fortune, and thenceforward he devoted himself to letters.<sup id="cite_ref-EB11_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1660s">1660s</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1660s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=File:Boileau_-_Les_Satires,_1868.djvu&page=5" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Boileau_-_Les_Satires%2C_1868.djvu/page5-170px-Boileau_-_Les_Satires%2C_1868.djvu.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Boileau_-_Les_Satires%2C_1868.djvu/page5-255px-Boileau_-_Les_Satires%2C_1868.djvu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Boileau_-_Les_Satires%2C_1868.djvu/page5-340px-Boileau_-_Les_Satires%2C_1868.djvu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2514" data-file-height="4042" /></a><figcaption><i>Les satires</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Much of Boileau's early poems as have been preserved hardly contain the promise of what he ultimately became. The first piece in which his peculiar powers were displayed was the first satire (1660), in imitation of the <a href="/wiki/Satires_of_Juvenal#Satire_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Satires of Juvenal">third satire</a> of <a href="/wiki/Juvenal" title="Juvenal">Juvenal</a>; it embodied the farewell of a poet to the city of Paris. This was quickly followed by eight others, and the number was at a later period increased to twelve. A twofold interest attaches to the satires. In the first place the author skilfully parodies and attacks writers who at the time were placed in the very first rank, such as <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chapelain" title="Jean Chapelain">Jean Chapelain</a>, the abbé <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotin" title="Charles Cotin">Charles Cotin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Quinault" title="Philippe Quinault">Philippe Quinault</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georges_de_Scud%C3%A9ry" title="Georges de Scudéry">Georges de Scudéry</a>; he openly raised the standard of revolt against the older poets. But in the second place he showed both by precept and practice what were the poetical capabilities of the French language. Prose in the hands of such writers as <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a> had proved itself a flexible and powerful instrument of expression, with a distinct mechanism and form. But except with <a href="/wiki/Francois_de_Malherbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Francois de Malherbe">Francois de Malherbe</a>, there had been no attempt to fashion French versification according to rule or method. In Boileau for the first time appeared terseness and vigour of expression, with perfect regularity of verse structure.<sup id="cite_ref-EB11_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His admiration for <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a> found expression in the stanzas addressed to him (1663) and in the second satire (1664). In 1664 or 1665,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he composed his prose <i>Dialogue sur les héros de roman</i>, a satire on the elaborate romances of the time, which may be said to have once for all abolished the lucubrations of La Calprenède, Mlle de Scudéry and their fellows. Though fairly widely read in manuscript and also released in an unauthorized edition in 1668,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the book was not published till 1713, out of regard, it is said, for <a href="/wiki/Mlle_de_Scud%C3%A9ry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mlle de Scudéry">Mlle de Scudéry</a>. To these early days belong the reunions at the Mouton Blanc and the Pomme du Pin, where Boileau, Molière, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Racine" title="Jean Racine">Jean Racine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_La_Chapelle" title="Jean de La Chapelle">Jean de La Chapelle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Fureti%C3%A8re" title="Antoine Furetière">Antoine Furetière</a> met to discuss literary questions. To Molière and Racine he proved a constant friend, and supported their interests on many occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-EB11_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1666, prompted by the publication of two unauthorized editions, he published <i>Satires du Sieur D....</i>, containing seven satires and the Discours au roi. From 1669 onwards appeared his <i>epistles</i>, graver in tone than the satires, maturer in thought, more exquisite and polished in style. The <i>Épîtres</i> gained for him the favour of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a>, who desired his presence at court. The king asked him which he thought his best verses. Whereupon Boileau diplomatically selected as his "least bad" some still unprinted lines in honour of the grand monarch and proceeded to recite them. He received forthwith a pension of 2000 livres.<sup id="cite_ref-EB11_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1670s">1670s</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1670s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1674 Boileau's <i>L'Art poétique</i> (in imitation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_Poetica_(Horace)" title="Ars Poetica (Horace)">Ars Poetica</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>) and <i>Le Lutrin</i> were published with some earlier works as the <i>L'Œuvres diverses du sieur D...</i>. Boileau rules on the language of poetry, and analyses various kinds of verse composition. He influenced English literature through the translation of <i>L'Art poétique</i> by <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Soame" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Soame">Sir William Soame</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Dryden" title="John Dryden">John Dryden</a>, and their imitation in <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Essay_on_Criticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Essay on Criticism">Essay on Criticism</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB11_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the four books of <i>L'Art poétique</i>, the first and last consist of general precepts, inculcating mainly the great rule of <i>bon sens</i>; the second treats of the pastoral, the elegy, the ode, the epigram and satire; and the third of tragic and epic poetry. Though the rules laid down are of value, their tendency is rather to hamper and render too mechanical the efforts of poetry. Boileau himself, a great, though, by no means infallible critic in verse, cannot be considered a great poet. He rendered the utmost service in destroying the exaggerated reputations of the mediocrities of his time, but his judgment was sometimes at fault. The <i>Lutrin</i>, a mock heroic poem, of which four cantos appeared in 1674, is sometimes said to have furnished Alexander Pope with a model for the <a href="/wiki/Rape_of_the_Lock" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape of the Lock">Rape of the Lock</a>, but the English poem is superior in richness of imagination and subtlety of invention. The fifth and sixth cantos, afterwards added by Boileau, rather detract from the beauty of the poem; the last canto in particular is quite unworthy of his genius.<sup id="cite_ref-EB11_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1674 Boileau published his translation of <a href="/wiki/Longinus_(literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Longinus (literature)">Longinus</a>' <i>On the Sublime</i>, making Longinus' ideas available to a wider audience, and influencing <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a>'s work on the same subject.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1693 he added some critical reflections to the translation, chiefly directed against the theory of the <a href="/wiki/Quarrel_of_the_Ancients_and_the_Moderns" title="Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns">superiority of the moderns over the ancients</a> as advanced by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Perrault" title="Charles Perrault">Charles Perrault</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB11_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boileau was made historiographer to the king in 1677. From this time the amount of his production diminished. To this period of his life belong the satire, <i>Sur les femmes</i>, the ode, <i>Sur la prise de Namur</i>, the epistles, <i>A mes vers</i> and <i>Sur l'amour de Dieu</i>, and the satire <i>Sur l'homme</i>. The satires had raised up a crowd of enemies against Boileau. The 10th satire, on women, provoked an <i>Apologie des femmes</i> from Charles Perrault. Antoine Arnauld in the year of his death wrote a letter in defence of Boileau, but when at the desire of his friends he submitted his reply to Bossuet, the bishop pronounced all satire to be incompatible with the spirit of Christianity, and the 10th satire to be subversive of morality. The friends of <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Arnauld" title="Antoine Arnauld">Antoine Arnauld</a> had declared that it was inconsistent with the dignity of a churchman to write on any subject so trivial as poetry. The epistle, <i>Sur l'amour de Dieu</i>, was a triumphant vindication on the part of Boileau of the dignity of his art. It was not until April 15, 1684, that he was admitted to the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie française">Académie française</a>, and then only by the king's wish. In 1687 he retired to a country-house he had bought at <a href="/wiki/Auteuil,_Paris" title="Auteuil, Paris">Auteuil</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Jean_Racine" title="Jean Racine">Jean Racine</a>, because of the numerous guests, calls his <i>hôtellerie d'Auteuil</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB11_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1700–1711"><span id="1700.E2.80.931711"></span>1700–1711</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1700–1711"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1705 Boileau sold his house and returned to Paris, where he lived with his confessor in the <a href="/wiki/Cloister" title="Cloister">cloisters</a> of <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre Dame de Paris">Notre Dame</a>. In the 12th satire, <i>Sur l'équivoque</i>, he attacked the <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a> in verses which Sainte-Beuve called a recapitulation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Lettres_provinciales" title="Lettres provinciales">Lettres provinciales</a></i> of Pascal. This was written about 1705. He then gave his attention to the arrangement of a complete and definitive edition of his works. But the Jesuit fathers obtained from Louis XIV the withdrawal of the privilege already granted for the publication, and demanded the suppression of the 12th satire. These annoyances are said to have hastened his death, which took place on 13 March 1711.<sup id="cite_ref-EB11_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was a man of warm and kindly feelings, honest, outspoken and benevolent. Many anecdotes are told of his frankness of speech at court, and of his generous actions. He holds a well-defined place in French literature, as the first who reduced its versification to rule, and taught the value of workmanship for its own sake. His influence on English literature, through Pope and his contemporaries, was not less strong, though less durable. After much undue depreciation, Boileau's critical work has been rehabilitated by recent writers, perhaps to the extent of some exaggeration in the other direction. It has been shown that in spite of undue harshness in individual cases most of his criticisms have been substantially adopted by his successors.<sup id="cite_ref-EB11_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numerous editions of Boileau's works were published during his lifetime. The last of these, <i>l'Œuvres diverses</i> (1701), known as the "favourite" edition of the poet, was reprinted with variants and notes by Alphonse Pauly (2 vols., 1894). The critical text of his works was established by Berriat Saint-Prix, <i>Œuvres de Boileau</i> (4 vols., 1830–1837), who made use of some 350 editions. This text, edited with notes by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Ch%C3%A9ron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Chéron (page does not exist)">Paul Chéron</a>, with the <i>Boloeana</i> of 1740, and an essay by <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Beuve" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte-Beuve">Sainte-Beuve</a>, was reprinted by Garnier frères (1860).<sup id="cite_ref-EB11_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liksom_en_Herdinna,_h%C3%B6gtids_kl%C3%A4dd" title="Liksom en Herdinna, högtids klädd">Liksom en Herdinna, högtids klädd</a>, a 1790 song by Carl Michael Bellman, closely following Boileau's guide to pastoral verse</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220828214523/https://www.dictionary.com/">"Boileau, Nicholas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Boileau,+Nicholas">the original</a> on 2022-08-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Boileau%2C+Nicholas&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FBoileau%2C%2BNicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicolas+Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Reference-AHD-Boileau-Despréaux" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux">"Boileau-Despréaux"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). HarperCollins<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.atitle=Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3DBoileau-Despr%25C3%25A9aux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicolas+Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux">"Boileau-Despréaux"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FBoileau-Despr%25C3%25A9aux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicolas+Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB11-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB11_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB11_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB11_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB11_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB11_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB11_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB11_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB11_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB11_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB11_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB11_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB11_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Boileau-Despréaux, Nicolas"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux,_Nicolas">"Boileau-Despréaux, Nicolas" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux%2C+Nicolas&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicolas+Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrane1902" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Crane, Thomas Frederick, ed. (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/leshrosderomand00despgoog/page/n43"><i>Les héros de roman: dialogue de Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux</i></a> (in French). Ginn & Co. p. 33<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+h%C3%A9ros+de+roman%3A+dialogue+de+Nicolas+Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Ginn+%26+Co.&rft.date=1902&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fleshrosderomand00despgoog%2Fpage%2Fn43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicolas+Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrane1902" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Crane, Thomas Frederick, ed. (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/leshrosderomand00despgoog/page/n49"><i>Les héros de roman: dialogue de Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux</i></a> (in French). Ginn & Co. p. 38<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+h%C3%A9ros+de+roman%3A+dialogue+de+Nicolas+Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Ginn+%26+Co.&rft.date=1902&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fleshrosderomand00despgoog%2Fpage%2Fn49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicolas+Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoulton2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Boulton" title="James Boulton">Boulton, James T.</a>, ed. (2008). <i>Edmund Burke: A Philosophical Enquiry into the Sublime and Beautiful</i>. Routledge Classics. pp. xlii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edmund+Burke%3A+A+Philosophical+Enquiry+into+the+Sublime+and+Beautiful&rft.pages=xlii&rft.pub=Routledge+Classics&rft.date=2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicolas+Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sainte-Beuve, <i>Causeries du lundi</i>, vol. vi.; <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Bruneti%C3%A8re" title="Ferdinand Brunetière">F. Brunetière</a>, "<i>L'Esthétique de Boileau</i>" (<i><a href="/wiki/Revue_des_Deux_Mondes" class="mw-redirect" title="Revue des Deux Mondes">Revue des Deux Mondes</a></i>, June 1889), and an exhaustive article by the same critic in <i>La Grande Encyclopédie</i>; <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Lanson" title="Gustave Lanson">Gustave Lanson</a>, <i>Boileau</i> (1892), in the series of <i>Grands écrivains français</i>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShelley1838" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft_Shelley" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley">Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft</a> (1838). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/livesofmostemine01shel#page/258/mode/2up">"Boileau"</a>. <i>Lives of the most eminent literary and scientific men of France</i>. London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Boileau&rft.btitle=Lives+of+the+most+eminent+literary+and+scientific+men+of+France&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Orme%2C+Brown%2C+Green+%26+Longmans&rft.date=1838&rft.aulast=Shelley&rft.aufirst=Mary+Wollstonecraft&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Flivesofmostemine01shel%23page%2F258%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicolas+Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux,_Nicolas" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Boileau-Despréaux, Nicolas">Boileau-Despréaux, Nicolas</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux%2C+Nicolas&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicolas+Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Nicolas_Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux">Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nicolas+Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicolas+Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood1907" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Wood_(encyclopaedist)" title="James Wood (encyclopaedist)">Wood, James</a>, ed. (1907). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Nuttall_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/B#Boileau,_Nicolas" class="extiw" title="s:The Nuttall Encyclopædia/B">Boileau, Nicolas</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nuttall_Encyclop%C3%A6dia" title="The Nuttall Encyclopædia">The Nuttall Encyclopædia</a></i>. London and New York: Frederick Warne.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Boileau%2C+Nicolas&rft.btitle=The+Nuttall+Encyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Frederick+Warne&rft.date=1907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicolas+Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Doran, Robert. "Boileau" in <i>The Theory of the Sublime from Longinus to Kant</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.</li> <li><i>Boileau's Works</i>, (in French) illustrated by <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9my_Lejeune" title="Rémy Lejeune">Rémy Lejeune</a> (Ladoré), edited by Pierre et Berthe Bricage (1961), in 5 volumes.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatzfeld1961" class="citation journal cs1">Hatzfeld, H. (1961). "Three national deformations of Aristotle: Tesauro, Gracián, Boileau". <i>Studi secenteschi</i>. <b>II</b>: 3–21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studi+secenteschi&rft.atitle=Three+national+deformations+of+Aristotle%3A+Tesauro%2C+Graci%C3%A1n%2C+Boileau&rft.volume=II&rft.pages=3-21&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Hatzfeld&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicolas+Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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class="mw-selflink selflink">Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux</a> (1684)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_d%27Estr%C3%A9es" title="Jean d'Estrées">Jean d'Estrées</a> (1711)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marc-Ren%C3%A9_de_Voyer_de_Paulmy_d%27Argenson_(1652%E2%80%931721)" title="Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson (1652–1721)">Marc-René d'Argenson</a> (1718)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Joseph_Languet_de_Gergy" title="Jean-Joseph Languet de Gergy">Jean-Joseph Languet de Gergy</a> (1721)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges-Louis_Leclerc,_Comte_de_Buffon" title="Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon">George-Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon</a> (1753)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Vicq-d%27Azyr" title="Félix Vicq-d'Azyr">Félix Vicq-d'Azyr</a> (1788)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Urbain_Domergue" title="François-Urbain Domergue">François-Urbain Domergue</a> (1803)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ange-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fariau" title="Ange-François Fariau">Ange-François Fariau</a> (1810)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Auguste_Parseval-Grandmaison" title="François-Auguste Parseval-Grandmaison">François-Auguste Parseval-Grandmaison</a> (1811)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Narcisse-Achille_de_Salvandy" title="Narcisse-Achille de Salvandy">Narcisse-Achille de Salvandy</a> (1835)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Augier" title="Émile Augier">Émile Augier</a> (1857)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Charles de Freycinet</a> (1890)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Picard" title="Émile Picard">Émile Picard</a> (1924)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Louis de Broglie</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Debr%C3%A9" title="Michel Debré">Michel Debré</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Furet" title="François Furet">François Furet</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_R%C3%A9mond" title="René Rémond">René Rémond</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Dagens" title="Claude Dagens">Claude Dagens</a> (2008)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000402817719">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/299253454">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/111858/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwRTdvJ6kKXbYcDBRxCcP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118512986">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83056477">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1642313">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/22318">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068445504">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90218645">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Boileau Despréaux, Nicolas, 1636-1711"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000107357&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=115547">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/rp356w291wk0g9m">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810662386805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/11087">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007274685005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521357006706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01911262?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500314610">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/735e9a86-7e67-4cac-8a5f-d7cff03dc34c">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/794220">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118512986.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118512986">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028603001">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6474dpx">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/244396">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Boileau-Despréaux&oldid=1248542608">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Boileau-Despréaux&oldid=1248542608</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1636_births" title="Category:1636 births">1636 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1711_deaths" title="Category:1711 deaths">1711 deaths</a></li><li><a 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