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</header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sommaire" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sommaire</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Français" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Français"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span><span>Français</span></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Français-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section <span>Français</span></span> </button> <ul id="toc-Français-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Étymologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Étymologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span><span>Étymologie</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Étymologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forme_de_pronom_personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forme_de_pronom_personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span><span>Forme de pronom personnel</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forme_de_pronom_personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Variantes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variantes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span><span>Variantes</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variantes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apparentés_étymologiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apparentés_étymologiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span><span>Apparentés étymologiques</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apparentés_étymologiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prononciation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prononciation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span><span>Prononciation</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prononciation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vocabulaire_apparenté_par_le_sens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabulaire_apparenté_par_le_sens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span><span>Vocabulaire apparenté par le sens</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocabulaire_apparenté_par_le_sens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span><span>Références</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallo-italique_de_Sicile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallo-italique_de_Sicile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span><span>Gallo-italique de Sicile</span></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gallo-italique_de_Sicile-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section <span>Gallo-italique de Sicile</span></span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gallo-italique_de_Sicile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Étymologie_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Étymologie_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span><span>Étymologie</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Étymologie_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronom_relatif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronom_relatif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span><span>Pronom relatif</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronom_relatif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span><span>Références</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ch’</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 4 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ch%CA%BC" title="chʼ – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="chʼ" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wiktionary.org/wiki/ch%27" title="ch' – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="ch'" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wiktionary.org/wiki/ch%27" title="ch' – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="ch'" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wiktionary.org/wiki/ch%E2%80%99" title="ch’ – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="ch’" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/ch%E2%80%99"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le wikicode</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/ch%E2%80%99"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le wikicode</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/ch%E2%80%99" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/ch%E2%80%99" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=fr" title="Téléverser une image ou fichier média sur le serveur [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&oldid=36097623" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=ch%E2%80%99&id=36097623&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wiktionary.org%2Fwiki%2Fch%25E2%2580%2599"><span>Obtenir l’URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wiktionary.org%2Fwiki%2Fch%25E2%2580%2599"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=ch%E2%80%99"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=ch%E2%80%99&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Définition, traduction, prononciation, anagramme et synonyme sur le dictionnaire libre Wiktionnaire.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-voir modele-voir"><span class="bandeau-voir-icone"><i>Voir aussi</i></span> : <a href="/wiki/CH" title="CH">CH</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch" title="Ch">Ch</a>, <a href="/wiki/cH" title="cH">cH</a>, <a href="/wiki/ch" title="ch">ch</a>, <a href="/wiki/ch%CA%BC" title="chʼ">chʼ</a>, <a href="/wiki/c%CA%BCh" title="cʼh">cʼh</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%CA%BCH" title="CʼH">CʼH</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ch. (page inexistante)">Ch.</a>, <a href="/wiki/.ch" title=".ch">.ch</a></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Français"><span id="Fran.C3.A7ais"></span><span class="sectionlangue" id="fr"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Portail:Français">Français</a></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Français"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Étymologie"><span id=".C3.89tymologie"></span><span class="titreetym" title="">Étymologie</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Étymologie"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Orthographe phonétique de <i><a href="/wiki/je#fr-pronom" title="je">je</a></i> devant une consonne <a href="/wiki/sourde" title="sourde">sourde</a>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forme_de_pronom_personnel"><span class="titredef" id="fr-flex-pronom-pers-1">Forme de pronom personnel</span><span id="fr-flex-pronom-pers" style="font-size:0;"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Forme de pronom personnel"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>ch’</b> <a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/fran%C3%A7ais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/français"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\ʃ\</span></a> </p> <ol><li><span class="registre"><span id="familier"></span><i>(<span class="texte"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Glossaire_grammatical#F" title="Annexe:Glossaire grammatical">Familier</a></span>)</i></span> Élision du pronom personnel <i><a href="/wiki/je#fr-pronom" title="je">je</a></i> devant une consonne <a href="/wiki/sourde" title="sourde">sourde</a>. On peut l’utiliser à l’écrit pour imiter le langage familier, mais on écrit plutôt <i><a href="/wiki/j%E2%80%99" title="j’">j’</a></i>. <ul><li><span class="example"><q><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><i> <b>Ch’</b>t’aime.</i></bdi></q></span></li> <li><span class="example"><q><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><i> <b>Ch’</b>peux pas y aller.</i></bdi></q></span></li></ul></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Variantes"><span class="" title="">Variantes</span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Variantes"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/j%E2%80%99" title="j’">j’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/je" title="je">je</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Apparentés_étymologiques"><span id="Apparent.C3.A9s_.C3.A9tymologiques"></span><span class="titreappar" title="">Apparentés étymologiques</span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Apparentés étymologiques"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/chais" title="chais">chais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/chuis" title="chuis">chuis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prononciation"><span class="titrepron" title="">Prononciation</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Prononciation"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/fran%C3%A7ais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/français"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\ʃ\</span></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vocabulaire_apparenté_par_le_sens"><span id="Vocabulaire_apparent.C3.A9_par_le_sens"></span><span class="titrevoc" title="">Vocabulaire apparenté par le sens</span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Vocabulaire apparenté par le sens"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Pronoms personnels en français<sup id="cite_ref-'Grammaire_méthodique_du_français'_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-'Grammaire_méthodique_du_français'-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"> </th> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/clitique" title="clitique">Clitique</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/pronom_tonique" title="pronom tonique">Tonique</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Rang </th> <th scope="col">Personne </th> <th scope="col">Nombre </th> <th><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/sujet#fr" title="sujet">Sujet</a></bdi> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/COD" title="COD">Complément direct</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/COI" title="COI">Complément indirect</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <th scope="row">1<sup style="font-size:83.33%;line-height:1">re</sup> </th> <th rowspan="4" scope="row">Singulier<br /><small>(défini)</small> </th> <td><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/je#fr-pronom-pers" title="je">je</a></bdi>, <bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/j%E2%80%99#fr-flex-pronom-pers" title="j’">j’</a></bdi> </td> <td colspan="3"><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/me#fr-pronom-pers" title="me">me</a></bdi>, <bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/m%E2%80%99#fr-flex-pronom-pers" title="m’">m’</a></bdi> </td> <td><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/moi#fr-pronom-pers" title="moi">moi</a></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <th>2 </th> <td><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/tu#fr-pronom-pers" title="tu">tu</a></bdi> </td> <td colspan="3"><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/te#fr-pronom-pers" title="te">te</a></bdi>, <bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/t%E2%80%99#fr-flex-pronom-pers" title="t’">t’</a></bdi> </td> <td><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/toi#fr-pronom-pers" title="toi">toi</a></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">3 </th> <th rowspan="2" scope="row">3<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td rowspan="2"><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/il#fr-pronom-pers" title="il">il</a></bdi>, <bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/elle#fr-pronom-pers" title="elle">elle</a></bdi>, <bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/on#fr-pronom-pers" title="on">on</a></bdi><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/le#fr-pronom-pers" title="le">le</a></bdi>, <bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/la#fr-pronom-pers" title="la">la</a></bdi>, <bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/l%E2%80%99#fr-flex-pronom-pers" title="l’">l’</a></bdi> </td> <td><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/lui#fr-pronom-pers" title="lui">lui</a></bdi> </td> <td rowspan="2"><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/y#fr-pronom-pers" title="y">y</a></bdi>, <bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/en#fr-pronom-pers" title="en">en</a></bdi> </td> <td><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/lui#fr-pronom-pers" title="lui">lui</a></bdi>, <bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/elle#fr-pronom-pers" title="elle">elle</a></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/se#fr-pronom-pers" title="se">se</a></bdi>, <bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/s%E2%80%99#fr-flex-pronom-pers" title="s’">s’</a></bdi> </td> <td><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/soi#fr-pronom-pers" title="soi">soi</a></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <th scope="row">1<sup style="font-size:83.33%;line-height:1">re</sup> </th> <th rowspan="4" scope="row">Pluriel </th> <td colspan="5"><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/nous#fr-pronom-pers" title="nous">nous</a></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <th scope="row">2 </th> <td colspan="5"><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/vous#fr-pronom-pers" title="vous">vous</a></bdi><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">6 </th> <th rowspan="2" scope="row">3 </th> <td rowspan="2"><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/ils#fr-pronom-pers" title="ils">ils</a></bdi>, <bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/elles#fr-pronom-pers" title="elles">elles</a></bdi> </td> <td><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/les#fr-pronom-pers" title="les">les</a></bdi> </td> <td><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/leur#fr-pronom-pers" title="leur">leur</a></bdi> </td> <td rowspan="2"><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/y#fr-pronom-pers" title="y">y</a></bdi>, <bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/en#fr-pronom-pers" title="en">en</a></bdi> </td> <td rowspan="2"><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/eux#fr-pronom-pers" title="eux">eux</a></bdi>, <bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/elles#fr-pronom-pers" title="elles">elles</a></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/se#fr-pronom-pers" title="se">se</a></bdi>, <bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/s%E2%80%99#fr-flex-pronom-pers" title="s’">s’</a></bdi> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Néopronoms personnels de la troisième personne en français<sup id="cite_ref-'Les_personnes_non-binaires_en_français_:_une_perspective_concernée_et_militante'_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-'Les_personnes_non-binaires_en_français_:_une_perspective_concernée_et_militante'-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-'Le_français_non-binaire:_Linguistic_forms_used_by_non-binary_speakers_of_French'_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-'Le_français_non-binaire:_Linguistic_forms_used_by_non-binary_speakers_of_French'-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (non standards<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/clitique" title="clitique">Clitique</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/pronom_tonique" title="pronom tonique">Tonique</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col">Nombre </th> <th><a href="/wiki/sujet" title="sujet">Sujet</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/COD" title="COD">Complément direct</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/COI" title="COI">Complément indirect</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Singulier </th> <td><i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/iel#fr-pronom-pers" title="iel">iel</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/al#fr-pronom-pers" title="al">al</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/ael#fr-pronom-pers" title="ael">ael</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/ol#fr-pronom-pers" title="ol">ol</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/ille#fr-pronom-pers" title="ille">ille</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/ul#fr-pronom-pers" title="ul">ul</a></bdi></i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><i>le.a</i>, <i>le-a</i>, <i>la-e</i>, <i>ly</i> </td> <td><i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/ellui#fr-pronom-pers" title="ellui">ellui</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/lo#fr-pronom-pers" title="lo">lo</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/lea#fr-pronom-pers" title="lea">lea</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/l%C3%A6#fr-pronom-pers" title="læ">læ</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/li#fr-pronom-pers" title="li">li</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/lu#fr-pronom-pers" title="lu">lu</a></bdi></i> </td> <td><i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/ellui#fr-pronom-pers" title="ellui">ellui</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/iel#fr-pronom-pers" title="iel">iel</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/al#fr-pronom-pers" title="al">al</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/ael#fr-pronom-pers" title="ael">ael</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/ol#fr-pronom-pers" title="ol">ol</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/ille#fr-pronom-pers" title="ille">ille</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/ul#fr-pronom-pers" title="ul">ul</a></bdi></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Pluriel </th> <td><i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/iels#fr-pronom-pers" title="iels">iels</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/als#fr-pronom-pers" title="als">als</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/aels#fr-pronom-pers" title="aels">aels</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/ols#fr-pronom-pers" title="ols">ols</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/illes#fr-pronom-pers" title="illes">illes</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/uls#fr-pronom-pers" title="uls">uls</a></bdi></i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/iels#fr-pronom-pers" title="iels">iels</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/als#fr-pronom-pers" title="als">als</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/aels#fr-pronom-pers" title="aels">aels</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/ols#fr-pronom-pers" title="ols">ols</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/illes#fr-pronom-pers" title="illes">illes</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/uls#fr-pronom-pers" title="uls">uls</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/elleux#fr-pronom-pers" title="elleux">elleux</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=euxes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="euxes (page inexistante)">euxes</a></bdi></i>, <i><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=auz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="auz (page inexistante)">auz</a></bdi></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span><span class="titreref" title="">Références</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="column-count:1;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-'Grammaire_méthodique_du_français'-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-'Grammaire_méthodique_du_français'_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Riegel, J-C. Pellat, R. Rioul, <i>Grammaire méthodique du français</i>, Quadrige manuels, 2016, page 368</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">On peut ajouter <i><a href="/wiki/-m%C3%AAme" class="mw-redirect" title="-même">-même</a>(s)</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Seule la 3<sup style="font-size:83.33%;line-height:1">e</sup> personne présente des oppositions de genre.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">La 3<sup style="font-size:83.33%;line-height:1">e</sup> personne <a href="/wiki/ind%C3%A9finie" title="indéfinie">indéfinie</a> (<i>on</i>, pronom aussi dit <a href="/wiki/impersonnel" title="impersonnel">impersonnel</a> ou <a href="/w/index.php?title=omnipersonnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="omnipersonnel (page inexistante)">omnipersonnel</a>) est souvent employée en registre informel à la place de la 1<sup style="font-size:83.33%;line-height:1">re</sup> personne du pluriel, et aussi, moins souvent, à la place des autres personnes, du singulier ou du pluriel.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">La 2<sup style="font-size:83.33%;line-height:1">e</sup> personne du pluriel (<i>vous</i>) est aussi utilisée comme singulier de politesse.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-'Les_personnes_non-binaires_en_français_:_une_perspective_concernée_et_militante'-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-'Les_personnes_non-binaires_en_français_:_une_perspective_concernée_et_militante'_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Florence Ashley, <i>Les personnes non-binaires en français : une perspective concernée et militante</i>, H-France Salon Volume 11, Issue 14, #5, 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-'Le_français_non-binaire:_Linguistic_forms_used_by_non-binary_speakers_of_French'-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-'Le_français_non-binaire:_Linguistic_forms_used_by_non-binary_speakers_of_French'_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kris Aric Knisely, <i>Le français non-binaire : Linguistic forms used by non-binary speakers of French</i>, Foreign Language Annals, volume 53, n° 4, décembre 2020, pages 850–876</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="ouvrage" id="CITEREF2020"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.fr/books/edition/Bescherelle_%C3%A9cole/uLzLDwAAQBAJ?hl=fr&gbpv=1&dq=%C3%A9cole+%22pronoms+personnels%22&pg=PA74&printsec=frontcover"><i>Bescherelle école</i></a>, 2020</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Il existe aussi les variantes <i>yel</i>, <i>ielle</i>, <i>æl</i>, <i>aël</i>, <i>olle</i>, <i>ulle</i>, <i>i</i>, <i>imem</i>, <i>el</i>, <i>elli</i>, <i>yol</i>. </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallo-italique_de_Sicile"><span class="sectionlangue" id="gallo-italique_de_Sicile"><a href="/wiki/gallo-italique_de_Sicile" title="gallo-italique de Sicile">Gallo-italique de Sicile</a></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Gallo-italique de Sicile"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Étymologie_2"><span id=".C3.89tymologie_2"></span><span class="titreetym" title="">Étymologie</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Étymologie"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89tymologies" title="Aide:Étymologies"><i>Étymologie manquante ou incomplète</i></a>. Si vous la connaissez, vous pouvez l’ajouter <span class="plainlinks stubedit"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=edit">en cliquant ici</a></span>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronom_relatif"><span class="titredef" id="gallo-italique_de_Sicile-pronom-rel-1">Pronom relatif</span><span id="gallo-italique_de_Sicile-pronom-rel" style="font-size:0;"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Pronom relatif"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>ch’</b> <span title="Prononciation à préciser">[<small><span class="plainlinks stubedit"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=edit">Prononciation ?</a></span></small>]</span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/gallo-italique_de_Sicile#Remigio_Roccella" title="Annexe:Prononciation/gallo-italique de Sicile">Roccella</a>)</i> </p> <ol><li><span id="région"><i>(Piazza Armerina)</i></span> <a href="/wiki/que#fr" title="que">Que</a>. <ul><li><span class="example"><i><a href="/wiki/Aide:Exemples" title="Aide:Exemples">Exemple d’utilisation</a> manquant.</i> <span class="plainlinks stubedit">(<a class="external text" href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=edit">Ajouter</a>)</span><bdi lang="gallo-italique de Sicile" style="display: none"></bdi></span></li></ul></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Références_2"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences_2"></span><span class="titreref" title="">Références</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ch%E2%80%99&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="en italien"><b>(it)</b></span> Remigio Roccella, <i><span lang="it" class="lang-it"><bdi>Vocabolario della lingua parlata in Piazza Armerina, Sicilia</bdi></span></i>, Bartolomeo Mantelli Editore, Caltagirone, 1875 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://liberliber.it/vocabolario-della-lingua-parlata-in-piazza-armerina-sicilia-di-remigio-roccella/">→ consulter cet ouvrage</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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