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mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%8D%E9%94%AE" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-相关概念" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关概念"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>相关概念</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-相关概念-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关相关概念子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-相关概念-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-形成条件" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#形成条件"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>形成条件</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-形成条件-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-化合价" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#化合价"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>化合价</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-化合价-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-常见配位键化合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#常见配位键化合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>常见配位键化合物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-常见配位键化合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">配位键</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。38种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رابطة تناسقية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رابطة تناسقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donor-aktseptor_kimy%C9%99vi_rabit%C9%99" title="Donor-aktseptor kimyəvi rabitə – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Donor-aktseptor kimyəvi rabitə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Каардынацыйная сувязь – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каардынацыйная сувязь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordinativna_veza" title="Koordinativna veza – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Koordinativna veza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlla%C3%A7_covalent_coordinat" title="Enllaç covalent coordinat – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enllaç covalent coordinat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordina%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_vazba" title="Koordinační vazba – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Koordinační vazba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordinative_Bindung" title="Koordinative Bindung – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Koordinative Bindung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinate_covalent_bond" title="Coordinate covalent bond – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Coordinate covalent bond" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlace_de_coordinaci%C3%B3n" title="Enlace de coordinación – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enlace de coordinación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88" title="پیوند داتیو – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیوند داتیو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordinaatiosidos" title="Koordinaatiosidos – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Koordinaatiosidos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaison_covalente_de_coordination" title="Liaison covalente de coordination – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liaison covalente de coordination" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99" title="קשר קואורדינטיבי – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קשר קואורדינטיבי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordinacijska_veza" title="Koordinacijska veza – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Koordinacijska veza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyezon_kovalan_kouw%C3%B2dinasyon" title="Lyezon kovalan kouwòdinasyon – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lyezon kovalan kouwòdinasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikatan_kovalen_koordinasi" title="Ikatan kovalen koordinasi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ikatan kovalen koordinasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legame_di_coordinazione" title="Legame di coordinazione – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Legame di coordinazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%8D%E7%B5%90%E5%90%88" title="配位結合 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="配位結合" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Координациялық байланыс – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Координациялық байланыс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B0%EC%9C%84_%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A9" title="배위 결합 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="배위 결합" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%A0_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donor-acceptorbinding" title="Donor-acceptorbinding – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Donor-acceptorbinding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipolbinding" title="Dipolbinding – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dipolbinding" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_koordynacyjne" title="Wiązanie koordynacyjne – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wiązanie koordynacyjne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_covalente_dativa" title="Ligação covalente dativa – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ligação covalente dativa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leg%C4%83tur%C4%83_covalent%C4%83_coordinativ%C4%83" title="Legătură covalentă coordinativă – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Legătură covalentă coordinativă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Донорно-акцепторное взаимодействие – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Донорно-акцепторное взаимодействие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordinatna_veza" title="Koordinatna veza – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Koordinatna veza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_bonds" title="Coordination bonds – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Coordination bonds" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordina%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_v%C3%A4zba" title="Koordinačná väzba – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Koordinačná väzba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordinativna_kovalentna_vez" title="Koordinativna kovalentna vez – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Koordinativna kovalentna vez" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordinaciona_veza" title="Koordinaciona veza – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Koordinaciona veza" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="ஈதல் சகப்பிணைப்பு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஈதல் சகப்பிணைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="พันธะโคออร์ดิเนตโคเวเลนต์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พันธะโคออร์ดิเนตโคเวเลนต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordine_kovalent_ba%C4%9F" title="Koordine kovalent bağ – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Koordine kovalent bağ" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Донорно-акцепторний зв'язок – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Донорно-акцепторний зв'язок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donor-akseptor_bog%CA%BB" title="Donor-akseptor bogʻ – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Donor-akseptor bogʻ" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_c%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B3a_tr%E1%BB%8B_ph%E1%BB%91i_tr%C3%AD" title="Liên kết cộng hóa trị phối trí – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Liên kết cộng hóa trị phối trí" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q499548#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Coordinate_Covalent_Bonding.svg/450px-Coordinate_Covalent_Bonding.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Coordinate_Covalent_Bonding.svg/600px-Coordinate_Covalent_Bonding.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B5" title="铵">铵</a>离子中的配位键</figcaption></figure> <div id="noteTA-7880989d" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:路易斯; zh-hant:路易士;"></div></div></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%8D%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="配位化学">配位化学</a>中，<b>配位鍵</b>（<span lang="en">coordinate covalent bond</span>）又稱<b>配位共價鍵</b>，簡稱<b>配鍵</b>，是一種特殊的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%83%B9%E9%8D%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="共價鍵">共價鍵</a>。當共價鍵中共用的電子對是由其中一原子獨自供應時，就稱配位鍵。配位鍵形成後，與一般<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%83%B9%E9%8D%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="共價鍵">共價鍵</a>無異。 </p><p><b>配位作用</b>（coordination）简称<b>配位</b>，是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="化合物">化合物</a>的“中心原子或离子”被其他“配位原子或基团”围绕，并接受配位原子提供的电子对，使中心原子和配位原子形成配位键的作用。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相关概念"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5"></span>相关概念</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%8D%E9%94%AE&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：相关概念"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="形成条件"><span id=".E5.BD.A2.E6.88.90.E6.9D.A1.E4.BB.B6"></span>形成条件</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%8D%E9%94%AE&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：形成条件"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>配位键</b>的形成需要两个条件： </p> <ul><li>一是中心原子或离子，它必须有能接受电子对的空轨域；</li> <li>二是配位体，组成y配位体的原子必须能提供配对的孤对电子(L.P)。</li></ul> <p>當一個<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%A3%AB%E9%B9%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="路易士鹼">路易士鹼</a>供應電子對給<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%A3%AB%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="路易士酸">路易士酸</a>而形成化合物時，配位鍵就形成。 </p><p>例如： </p><p>氣態<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8" title="氨">氨</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NH3(g)}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NH3(g)}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b4e9f7b9d15b9ec3bd6f0bccbb6b465047e03240" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:7.512ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NH3(g)}}}" /></span> 和氣體<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%BC" title="三氟化硼">三氟化硼</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {BF3(g)}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>BF</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {BF3(g)}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/716ce063b1ec2f4283b1f2b18bc7196ddb3272fd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:7.189ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {BF3(g)}}}" /></span>形成固體 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NH3BF3(s)}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>BF</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>s</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NH3BF3(s)}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eb272fa1a3fabfc8f824110e85a64cca2351ddbd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:11.484ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NH3BF3(s)}}}" /></span> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NH3(g)}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NH3(g)}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b4e9f7b9d15b9ec3bd6f0bccbb6b465047e03240" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:7.512ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NH3(g)}}}" /></span><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle +}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>+</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle +}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fe6ef363cd19902d1a7a71fb1c8b21e8ede52406" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle +}" /></span><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {BF3(g) ->NH3BF3(s)}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>BF</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>BF</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>s</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {BF3(g) ->NH3BF3(s)}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d8efc90677c2dce826307accbf118165ae984114" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:23.769ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {BF3(g) ->NH3BF3(s)}}}" /></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="化合价"><span id=".E5.8C.96.E5.90.88.E4.BB.B7"></span>化合价</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%8D%E9%94%AE&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：化合价"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在配位化合物中，由电负性小的元素原子向电负性大的元素原子提供孤对电子形成配位键时，每个有一对孤对电子的前者（电负性小的原子）显示<b>+2</b>价，后者显示<b>-2</b>价。反之，由电负性大的元素原子提供孤对电子与电负性小的元素原子之间形成配位键时，两种元素都无价态变化。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="常见配位键化合物"><span id=".E5.B8.B8.E8.A7.81.E9.85.8D.E4.BD.8D.E9.94.AE.E5.8C.96.E5.90.88.E7.89.A9"></span>常见配位键化合物</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%8D%E9%94%AE&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：常见配位键化合物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="一氧化碳">一氧化碳</a><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CO}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>CO</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CO}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bf2a888c2c193ddb2937e2c7e85aadaa0a4e9513" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.486ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CO}}}" /></span>，其中碳氧間的三對共用電子對有一配位鍵，兩個正常共價鍵。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B5%E6%A0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="铵根">銨離子</a><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NH4+}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NH4+}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2bb0139af26d177bc7aef69678645cd7fe1aaee6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.997ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NH4+}}}" /></span>，其中N原子与左下右的<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>H</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/651c6a42285fecf133dd3f1671440f813e2ecd6f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H}}}" /></span>原子以极性键结合，並与上方的<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>H</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/651c6a42285fecf133dd3f1671440f813e2ecd6f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H}}}" /></span>以配位键结合，由<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {N}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>N</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {N}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0f87ac76ddd4a81e4d99b81b82116d8ef58076eb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {N}}}" /></span>原子提供一对價电子。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%90%88%E6%B0%A2%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="水合氢离子">水合氫離子</a><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H3O+}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <msup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H3O+}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fe37c1063c3897905219e48befa6b3871fbcb331" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.116ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H3O+}}}" /></span></li></ul> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chem_template.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="小作品圖示" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chem_template.svg/32px-Chem_template.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chem_template.svg/48px-Chem_template.svg.png 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