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Reino de Uadai - Wikipedia, a enciclopedia libre

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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lista de sultáns de Uadai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lista_de_sultáns_de_Uadai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Dispoñible en 27 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="سلطنة وداي – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلطنة وداي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%BA%DB%8C" title="وادای شاهلیغی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وادای شاهلیغی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouantelezh_Ouadda%C3%AF" title="Rouantelezh Ouaddaï – bretón" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rouantelezh Ouaddaï" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanat_d%27Ouadai" title="Sultanat d&#039;Ouadai – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sultanat d&#039;Ouadai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadajsk%C3%A1_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Wadajská říše – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wadajská říše" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reich_Wadai" title="Reich Wadai – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reich Wadai" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadai_Sultanate" title="Wadai Sultanate – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wadai Sultanate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_uadai" title="Imperio uadai – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Imperio uadai" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadai_Inperioa" title="Wadai Inperioa – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wadai Inperioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="سلطنت ودای – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سلطنت ودای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo recomendado"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadai" title="Wadai – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wadai" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaume_du_Ouadda%C3%AF" title="Royaume du Ouaddaï – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Royaume du Ouaddaï" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekaisaran_Wadai" title="Kekaisaran Wadai – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kekaisaran Wadai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_Ouaddai" title="Impero Ouaddai – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Impero Ouaddai" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AF%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="ワダイ帝国 – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ワダイ帝国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadajus" title="Vadajus – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vadajus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanaat_Ouadda%C3%AF" title="Sultanaat Ouaddaï – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sultanaat Ouaddaï" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadai" title="Wadai – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wadai" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadaj_(kr%C3%B3lestwo)" title="Wadaj (królestwo) – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wadaj (królestwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_de_Uadai" title="Império de Uadai – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Império de Uadai" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_(%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Вадаи (султанат) – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вадаи (султанат)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadai" title="Wadai – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wadai" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaday_Krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Vaday Krallığı – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vaday Krallığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9_(%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Вадай (султанат) – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вадай (султанат)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="سلطنت اوادائی – urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سلطنت اوادائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%BF_qu%E1%BB%91c_Wadai" title="Đế quốc Wadai – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đế quốc Wadai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E9%81%94%E4%BC%8A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="瓦達伊王國 – chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="瓦達伊王國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> 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href="/wiki/Ficheiro:KarteAfrika2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/KarteAfrika2.jpg/300px-KarteAfrika2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/KarteAfrika2.jpg/450px-KarteAfrika2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/KarteAfrika2.jpg/600px-KarteAfrika2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1089" data-file-height="966" /></a><figcaption>Uadai (Wadai) e outros estados nun mapa do XIX</figcaption></figure> <p>O <b>Reino de Uadai</b> (<a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>-<a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>) foi orixinariamente un estado non <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmán</a>, localizado no Leste do <a href="/wiki/Lago_Chad" title="Lago Chad">lago Chad</a>, correspondendo ao actual <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>. Apareceu no século XVII como un apéndice do estado de <a href="/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur</a> (territorio hoxe no <a href="/wiki/Sud%C3%A1n" title="Sudán">Sudán</a>), no nordeste do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reino_de_Baguirmi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Reino de Baguirmi (a páxina aínda non existe)">reino de Baguirmi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reino_de_Uadai&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reino_de_Uadai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Historia"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>, a tribo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maba_(tribo)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maba (tribo) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Maba</a> e outros pobos da rexión uníronse baixo o estandarte islámico de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd_Al-Karim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abd Al-Karim (a páxina aínda non existe)">Abd Al-Karim</a>, que dirixía unha invasión desde o leste e expulsaría o liderado do grupo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunjur&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunjur (a páxina aínda non existe)">Tunjur</a>. Abd Al-Karim tornouse no primeiro <i>Kolak</i> ou <a href="/w/index.php?title=%27%27Sult%C3%A1n%27%27&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="&#39;&#39;Sultán&#39;&#39; (a páxina aínda non existe)">''Sultán''</a> dunha dinastía que perdurou até a chegada dos <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">franceses</a>. Durante boa parte do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XVIII" title="Século XVIII">século XVIII</a>, Uadai resistiu a reincorporación en Darfur. </p><p>Arredor de <a href="/wiki/1800" title="1800">1800</a>, no reinado de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabun&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabun (a páxina aínda non existe)">Sabun</a>, o sultanato de Uadai comezou a expandir o seu poder, aproveitando a súa estratéxica posición sobre as rutas de comercio <a href="/wiki/Deserto_do_S%C3%A1hara" title="Deserto do Sáhara">transaharianas</a>. Fora aberta unha nova ruta setentrional—vía <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ennedi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ennedi (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ennedi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Kufrah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Kufrah (a páxina aínda non existe)">Al Kufrah</a>, e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bengasi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bengasi (a páxina aínda non existe)">Bengasi</a>--, para a que Sabun organizou caravanas reais para aproveitala. Comezou a <a href="/wiki/Cu%C3%B1axe" title="Cuñaxe">cuñar</a> <a href="/wiki/Moeda" title="Moeda">moeda</a> propia, ao tempo que importaba <a href="/wiki/Malla" title="Malla">mallas</a> de <a href="/wiki/Cadea_(obxecto)" title="Cadea (obxecto)">cadea</a> e armas de fogo desde a <a href="/wiki/%C3%81frica_Setentrional" class="mw-redirect" title="África Setentrional">África Setentrional</a>, e atraía conselleiros externos. Os sucesores de Sabun non mostraron a mesma capacidade ca el, de xeito que Darfur tomou vantaxe na disputa sucesoria aberta en <a href="/wiki/1838" title="1838">1838</a>, até impor o seu candidato ao poder en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wara,_Chad&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wara, Chad (a páxina aínda non existe)">Wara</a>, capital de Uadai. Porén esta táctica fracasou, cando o seu home, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Xarif_de_Uadai&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Xarif de Uadai (a páxina aínda non existe)">Muhammad Xarif</a>, rexeitou a mediación de Darfur, afirmando a súa propia autoridade. Esta política atraéulle o apoio das diversas faccións de Uadai, e converteuno no máis capaz dos gobernantes do país. </p><p>Xarif dirixiu campañas militares cara ao afastado Oeste, alcanzando o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reino_de_Bornu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Reino de Bornu (a páxina aínda non existe)">reino de Bornu</a> e, de modo ocasional, estabeleceu a hexemonía de Uadai sobre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reino_de_Baguirmi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Reino de Baguirmi (a páxina aínda non existe)">Baguirmi</a> e outros estados distantes das beiras do <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Chari" title="Río Chari">río Chari</a>. Na <a href="/wiki/Meca" class="mw-redirect" title="Meca">Meca</a>, Xarif fundou a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senussi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Senussi (a páxina aínda non existe)">Senussi</a>, unha irmandade islámica, que atinxíu extraordinaria forza entre os habitantes da <a href="/wiki/Cirenaica" title="Cirenaica">Cirenaica</a> (hoxe <a href="/wiki/Libia" title="Libia">Libia</a>), converténdose nunha corrente política dominante da que xurdiu a resistencia fronte a colonización francesa. O militarizado estado de Uadai opúxose tenazmente ao dominio francés até <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>. O territorio pasou a formar parte da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rep%C3%BAblica_do_Chad&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="República do Chad (a páxina aínda non existe)">República do Chad</a>, cando esta accedeu á independencia en <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>. </p><p>A capital da actual <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rexi%C3%B3n_de_Uadai&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rexión de Uadai (a páxina aínda non existe)">rexión de Uadai</a>, no moderno <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, é <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ab%C3%A9ch%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abéché (a páxina aínda non existe)">Abéché</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lista_de_sultáns_de_Uadai"><span id="Lista_de_sult.C3.A1ns_de_Uadai"></span>Lista de sultáns de Uadai</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reino_de_Uadai&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar a sección: «Lista de sultáns de Uadai»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reino_de_Uadai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Lista de sultáns de Uadai"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1635-1681 Abd Al-Karim</li> <li>1681-1707 Yakob Arous</li> <li>1707-1747 Kharut as-Sarhir</li> <li>1747-1795 Muhammad Jawda</li> <li>1795-1803 Muhammad Salih Derret ibn Jawda</li> <li>1803-1813 `Abd al-Karim Sabun ibn Salih Derret</li> <li>1813 Muhammad Busata ibn `Abd al-Karim</li> <li>1813-1829 Yusuf Kharifayn ibn `Abd al-Qadir</li> <li>1829 Raqib ibn Yusuf `Abd al-Qadir</li> <li>1829-1835 Muhammad `Abd al-`Aziz Dhawiyi ibn Radama</li> <li>1835 Adham ibn Muhammad `Abd al-`Aziz</li> <li>1835-1858 `Izz ad-Din Muhammad al-Xarif ibn Salih Derret</li> <li>1858-1874 `Ali ibn Muhammad</li> <li>1874-1898 Yusuf ibn `Ali</li> <li>1898-1900 Ibrahim ibn `Ali</li> <li>1900-1901 Ahmad Abu al-Ghazali ibn `Ali</li> <li>1902-1909 Muhammad Daud Murra ibn Yusuf</li> <li>1909-1912 `Asil</li> <li>1935-1945 Muhammad Urada ibn Ibrahim</li> <li>1945-1960 `Ali Silek ibn Muhammad Daud Murra (1ª vez)</li> <li>1970-1977 `Ali Silek ibn Muhammad Daud Murra (2ª vez)</li> <li>1977- Ibrahim ibn Muhammad Urada</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Control_de_autoridades" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Control_de_autoridades" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; 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