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<span>Parliament House</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Parliament_House-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Parliament House subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Parliament_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Old_premises_(Samvidhan_Sadan)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_premises_(Samvidhan_Sadan)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Old premises (Samvidhan Sadan)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_premises_(Samvidhan_Sadan)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_premises_(Sansad_Bhavan)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_premises_(Sansad_Bhavan)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>New premises (Sansad Bhavan)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_premises_(Sansad_Bhavan)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Composition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Composition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Composition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-President_of_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_of_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>President of India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_of_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lok_Sabha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lok_Sabha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Lok Sabha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lok_Sabha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rajya_Sabha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rajya_Sabha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Rajya Sabha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rajya_Sabha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sessions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sessions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sessions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sessions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Functions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Functions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Functions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Legislative functions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_committees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_committees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Parliamentary committees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_committees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Privileges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Privileges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Privileges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Privileges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Code_of_conduct" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Code_of_conduct"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Code of conduct</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Code_of_conduct-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Incidents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Incidents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Incidents subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2001_Terrorist_attack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2001_Terrorist_attack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>2001 Terrorist attack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2001_Terrorist_attack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023_Security_breach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023_Security_breach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>2023 Security breach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023_Security_breach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Parliament of India</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="برلمان الهند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برلمان الهند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parllamentu_d%27India" title="Parllamentu d'India – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Parllamentu d'India" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan_Parlamenti" title="Hindistan Parlamenti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hindistan Parlamenti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6" title="ভারতীয় সংসদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারতীয় সংসদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6" title="भारत के संसद – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भारत के संसद" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_de_l%27%C3%8Dndia" title="Parlament de l'Índia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Parlament de l'Índia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_Indie" title="Parlament Indie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Parlament Indie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senedd_India" title="Senedd India – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Senedd India" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indisches_Parlament" title="Indisches Parlament – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indisches Parlament" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ινδικό Κοινοβούλιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδικό Κοινοβούλιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_de_la_India" title="Parlamento de la India – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Parlamento de la India" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_de_Barato" title="Parlamento de Barato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Parlamento de Barato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="مجلس هند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مجلس هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlement_de_l%27Inde" title="Parlement de l'Inde – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parlement de l'Inde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%A6" title="ભારતીય સંસદ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભારતીય સંસદ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84_%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C" title="인도 의회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도 의회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հնդկաստանի խորհրդարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հնդկաստանի խորհրդարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6" title="भारतीय संसद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारतीय संसद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlemen_India" title="Parlemen India – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Parlemen India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_dell%27India" title="Parlamento dell'India – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parlamento dell'India" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99" title="הפרלמנט ההודי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפרלמנט ההודי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81" title="ಭಾರತದ ಸಂಸತ್ತು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾರತದ ಸಂಸತ್ತು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ინდოეთის პარლამენტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდოეთის პარლამენტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6" title="भारतीय संसद – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भारतीय संसद" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഇന്ത്യൻ പാർലമെന്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്ത്യൻ പാർലമെന്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6" title="भारतीय संसद – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भारतीय संसद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ინდოეთიშ პარლამენტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინდოეთიშ პარლამენტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlimen_India" title="Parlimen India – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parlimen India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlement_van_India" title="Parlement van India – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Parlement van India" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6" title="भारतीय संसद – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारतीय संसद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" title="インドの国会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インドの国会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indias_parlament" title="Indias parlament – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Indias parlament" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_indiske_parlamentet" title="Det indiske parlamentet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det indiske parlamentet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%82%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%A6" title="ଭାରତର ସଂସଦ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭାରତର ସଂସଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A6" title="ਭਾਰਤ ਦੀ ਸੰਸਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਰਤ ਦੀ ਸੰਸਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%D9%B9" title="بھارتی پارلیمنٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھارتی پارلیمنٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_Indii" title="Parlament Indii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Parlament Indii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_da_%C3%8Dndia" title="Parlamento da Índia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Parlamento da Índia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Парламент Индии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парламент Индии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D" title="भारतीयसंसत् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भारतीयसंसत्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="ඉන්දියානු පාර්ලිමේන්තුව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉන්දියානු පාර්ලිමේන්තුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Parliament of India" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intian_parlamentti" title="Intian parlamentti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Intian parlamentti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiens_parlament" title="Indiens parlament – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indiens parlament" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இந்திய நாடாளுமன்றம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்திய நாடாளுமன்றம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="భారత పార్లమెంట్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భారత పార్లమెంట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="รัฐสภาอินเดีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐสภาอินเดีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಭಾರತದ ಪಾರ್ಲಿಮೆಂಟ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಭಾರತದ ಪಾರ್ಲಿಮೆಂಟ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan_Parlamentosu" title="Hindistan Parlamentosu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hindistan Parlamentosu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%97" title="Парламент Індії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Парламент Індії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بھارتی پارلیمان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بھارتی پارلیمان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_h%E1%BB%99i_%E1%BA%A4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%99" title="Quốc hội Ấn Độ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quốc hội Ấn Độ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="印度议会 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印度议会" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q695252#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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77.20806</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Parliament&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Parliament">Indian Parliament</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bicameral legislature of India</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; border-top: 2px solid #000080; border-bottom: 2px solid #000080"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Parliament of India</div> <br /><div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="hi-Latn">Bhāratīya Saṁsad</i></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A picture of the State Emblem of India. Composed of four lions facing the four directions standing back to back on an abacus. The abacus carries a frieze of a bull, a horse, a lion and an elephant in profile, separated by 24-spoked wheels between each pair, all presented in high relief." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/100px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/150px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/200px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/State_Emblem_of_India" title="State Emblem of India">State Emblem of India</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000080; border-bottom: 2px solid #000080">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">Bicameral</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Houses</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000080; border-bottom: 2px solid #000080">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">26 January 1950<span class="noprint"> (74 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1950-01-26</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_India" title="Constituent Assembly of India">Constituent Assembly of India</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000080; border-bottom: 2px solid #000080">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />since 25 July 2022 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Chairman of the Rajya Sabha</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Jagdeep_Dhankhar" title="Jagdeep Dhankhar">Jagdeep Dhankhar</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />since 11 August 2022 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Speaker of the Lok Sabha</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Om_Birla" title="Om Birla">Om Birla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a> <br />since 26 May 2019 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />since 26 May 2014 </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000080; border-bottom: 2px solid #000080">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>788</b> <br />245 <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="List of current members of the Rajya Sabha">Members of Rajya Sabha</a><br />543 <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha">Members of Lok Sabha</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Rajya_Sabha_August_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/India_Rajya_Sabha_August_2024.svg/300px-India_Rajya_Sabha_August_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/India_Rajya_Sabha_August_2024.svg/450px-India_Rajya_Sabha_August_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/India_Rajya_Sabha_August_2024.svg/600px-India_Rajya_Sabha_August_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a> (121)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(India)" title="Official Opposition (India)">Opposition</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Developmental_Inclusive_Alliance" title="Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance">Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance</a> (87)</li> <li>Other Opposition: 25 members</li> <li>Vacant (09)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:18th_lok_sabha_after_2024_general_indian_elections.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/18th_lok_sabha_after_2024_general_indian_elections.png/300px-18th_lok_sabha_after_2024_general_indian_elections.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/18th_lok_sabha_after_2024_general_indian_elections.png/450px-18th_lok_sabha_after_2024_general_indian_elections.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/18th_lok_sabha_after_2024_general_indian_elections.png/600px-18th_lok_sabha_after_2024_general_indian_elections.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="987" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a> (293)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(India)" title="Official Opposition (India)">Opposition</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Developmental_Inclusive_Alliance" title="Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance">Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance</a> (237)</li> <li>Other Opposition: 12 members</li> <li>Vacant (2)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000080; border-bottom: 2px solid #000080">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">Single transferable vote</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">First-past-the-post</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">First <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1952_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="1952 Rajya Sabha elections">1952</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">First <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1951%E2%80%9352_Indian_general_election" title="1951–52 Indian general election">25 October 1951 – 21 February 1952</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2024_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="2024 Rajya Sabha elections">2024</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">19 April – 1 June 2024</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2025_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="2025 Rajya Sabha elections">2025</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Next_Indian_general_election" title="Next Indian general election">2029</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000080; border-bottom: 2px solid #000080">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glimpse_of_the_new_Parliament_Building,_in_New_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Glimpse_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg/300px-Glimpse_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Glimpse_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg/450px-Glimpse_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Glimpse_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg/600px-Glimpse_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label"><a href="/wiki/New_Parliament_House,_New_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="New Parliament House, New Delhi">Sansad Bhavan</a><br /> 118, Rafi Marg, <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, 110001<br /> <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">National Capital Territory of Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of India">Republic of India</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000080; border-bottom: 2px solid #000080">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sansad.in">sansad<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000080; border-bottom: 2px solid #000080">Constitution</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Parliament_of_India&params=28_37_2_N_77_12_29_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°37′2″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°12′29″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.61722°N 77.20806°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">28.61722; 77.20806</span></span></span></a></span></span> The <b>Parliament of India</b> or <b>Indian Parliament</b>, (<a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO</a>: <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Hindi language) transliteration"><i lang="hi-Latn">Bhāratīya Saṁsad</i></span>) is the supreme <a href="/wiki/Legislative_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative body">legislative body</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of India">Republic of India</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a> composed of the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> (Council of States) and the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> (House of the People). The <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">president of India</a>, in their role as head of the legislature, has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve the Lok Sabha, but they can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of India">prime minister</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a>. </p><p>Those elected or nominated (by the president) to either house of the Parliament are referred to as <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(India)" title="Member of Parliament (India)">members of Parliament</a> (MPs). The <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">members of parliament in the Lok Sabha</a> are <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">directly elected</a> by the voting of Indian citizens in <a href="/wiki/Single-member_district" title="Single-member district">single-member districts</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Rajya_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha">members of parliament in the Rajya Sabha</a> are elected by the <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)">members</a> of all <a href="/wiki/Vidhan_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidhan Sabha">state legislative assemblies</a> by <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>. The Parliament has a sanctioned strength of 543 in the Lok Sabha and 245 in the Rajya Sabha including 12 nominees from the expertise of different fields of literature, art, science, and social service.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Parliament meets at <a href="/wiki/New_Parliament_House,_New_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="New Parliament House, New Delhi">Sansad Bhavan</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>. The Parliament of India represents the largest democratic electorate in the world (the second being the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>), with an electorate of 968 million eligible voters in 2024. On 28 May 2023, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, unveiled and inaugurated the <a href="/wiki/New_Parliament_House,_New_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="New Parliament House, New Delhi">New Parliament Building (Sansad Bhavan)</a>, located adjacent to the previous one. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Legislative_Council" title="Imperial Legislative Council">Imperial Legislative Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_India" title="Constituent Assembly of India">Constituent Assembly of India</a></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British rule</a>, the legislative branch of India was the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Legislative_Council" title="Imperial Legislative Council">Imperial Legislative Council</a>, which was created in 1861 via the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Councils_Act_1861" title="Indian Councils Act 1861">Indian Councils Act of 1861</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and disbanded in 1947, when India gained independence. Following independence, the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_India" title="Constituent Assembly of India">Constituent Assembly of India</a> was elected to write the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1950 after the constitution came into force, the Constituent Assembly of India was disbanded,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and succeeded by the Parliament of India, which is active to this day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parliament_House">Parliament House</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Parliament House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Old_Parliament_House,_New_Delhi" title="Old Parliament House, New Delhi">Old Parliament House, New Delhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Parliament_House,_New_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="New Parliament House, New Delhi">New Parliament House, New Delhi</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_premises_(Samvidhan_Sadan)"><span id="Old_premises_.28Samvidhan_Sadan.29"></span>Old premises (Samvidhan Sadan)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Old premises (Samvidhan Sadan)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Old_Parliament_House,_New_Delhi" title="Old Parliament House, New Delhi">Old Parliament House</a> (<i>Samvidhan Sadan</i>) is located in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>. It was designed by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Lutyens" title="Edwin Lutyens">Edwin Lutyens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Baker" title="Herbert Baker">Herbert Baker</a>, who were made responsible for the planning and construction of New Delhi by the British government, as the home of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Legislative_Assembly" title="Central Legislative Assembly">Central Legislative Assembly</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(India)" title="Council of State (India)">Council of State</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Princes" title="Chamber of Princes">Chamber of Princes</a>. The construction of the building took six years, and the opening ceremony was performed on 18 January 1927 by the <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_and_governor-general_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy and governor-general of India">viceroy and governor-general of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Lord Irwin</a>. The construction cost for the building was <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>8.3 million</span> (US$99,000).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The building is 21 metres (70 ft) tall, 170 metres (560 ft) in diameter and covers an area of 2.29 hectares (5.66 acres). The Central Hall consists of the chambers of the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha, and the library hall. Surrounding these three chambers is the four-storied circular structure providing accommodations for members and houses <a href="/wiki/Standing_committee_(India)" title="Standing committee (India)">parliamentary committees</a>, offices and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The center and the focus of the building is the Central Hall. It consists of chambers of the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha, and the Library Hall, and between them lie garden courts. Surrounding these three chambers is the four-storied circular structure providing office spaces for ministers, chairmen, parliamentary committees, party offices, important offices of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha Secretariat, and also the offices of the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs. The Central Hall is circular in shape and the dome is 30 metres (98 ft) in diameter. </p><p>It is a place of historical importance. The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Constitution">Indian Constitution</a> was framed in the Central Hall. The Central Hall was originally used in the library of the erstwhile Central Legislative Assembly and the Council of States. In 1946, it was converted and refurbished into the Constituent Assembly Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_premises_(Sansad_Bhavan)"><span id="New_premises_.28Sansad_Bhavan.29"></span>New premises (Sansad Bhavan)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: New premises (Sansad Bhavan)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/New_Parliament_House,_New_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="New Parliament House, New Delhi">A new parliament building</a> called the Sansad Bhavan was inaugurated on 28 May 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The old building, an 85-year-old structure suffers from inadequacy of space to house members and their staff and is thought to suffer from structural issues. The building also needs to be protected because of its heritage tag.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Meira_Kumar_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meira_Kumar-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new building, with a built-up area of approximately 65,000 sq m and a distinctive triangular shape, optimally utilizes space. It houses an expanded Lok Sabha Hall, accommodating up to 888 seats, and a larger Rajya Sabha hall, accommodating up to 384 seats, with the Lok Sabha capable of accommodating up to 1,272 seats for joint sessions of Parliament. The Lok Sabha Hall draws inspiration from India's national bird, incorporating a peacock theme, while the Rajya Sabha hall is designed with a lotus theme, reflecting India's national flower. Additionally, a state-of-the-art Constitutional Hall symbolically and physically places Indian citizens at the heart of democracy. Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> laid the foundation for the new Parliament building on 10 December 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-ET2020_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ET2020-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BT_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With an estimated cost of <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span> 9.71 billion, the new building was inaugurated in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-ET2020_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ET2020-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BT_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first session in the New Parliament took place on 19 September 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Indian Parliament consists of two houses, namely, the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>, with the P<a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">resident of India</a> acting as their head. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President_of_India">President of India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: President of India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The President of India, the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>, is a component of Parliament vide <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_V" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part V">Article 79</a> of the Constitution. Under <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_V" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part V">Article 60</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_V" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part V">Article 111</a> of the constitution, the president's responsibility is to ensure that laws passed by the Parliament are in accordance with the constitutional mandate and that the stipulated procedure is followed before indicating approval to the bills. The president of India is elected by the <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(India)" title="Member of Parliament (India)">elected members of the Parliament of India</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vidhan_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidhan Sabha">state legislative Assembly</a> and serves for a term of five years.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lok_Sabha">Lok Sabha</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lok Sabha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Lok_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building,_New_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/View_of_Lok_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/361px-View_of_Lok_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building%2C_New_Delhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="361" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/View_of_Lok_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/542px-View_of_Lok_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building%2C_New_Delhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/View_of_Lok_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/722px-View_of_Lok_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building%2C_New_Delhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="779" /></a><figcaption>Lok Sabha Chamber at the new Parliament building</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> (House of the People) or the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a> has 543 <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament,_Lok_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of parliament, Lok Sabha">members</a>. Members are directly elected by citizens of India on the basis of <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal adult franchise</a> representing <a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha">parliamentary constituencies</a> across the country. Between 1952 and 2020, <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_reserved_seats_in_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha">two additional members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Indian">Anglo-Indian</a> community were also nominated by the president of India on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian government">Indian government</a>, which was abolished in January 2020 by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Every citizen of India who is over 18 years of age, irrespective of gender, caste, religion, or race and is otherwise not disqualified, is eligible to vote for members of the Lok Sabha. The constitution provides that the maximum strength of the Lok Sabha be 550 members. The Lok Sabha has a term of five years. To be eligible for membership in the Lok Sabha, a person must be a citizen of India and must be 25 years of age or older, not hold any office of profit under union or state government, mentally sound, should not be bankrupt, and should not be criminally convicted. The total elective membership is distributed among the states in such a way that the ratio between the number of seats allotted to each state and the population of the state is, so far as practicable, the same for all states.<sup id="cite_ref-Lok_Sabha_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lok_Sabha-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Out of 543 seats of <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>, 84 seats are reserved for <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_castes" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled castes">Scheduled castes</a> and 47 seats are reserved for <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled tribe">Scheduled tribe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rajya_Sabha">Rajya Sabha</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rajya Sabha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Rajya_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/New_Rajya_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building.jpg/361px-New_Rajya_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="361" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/New_Rajya_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building.jpg/542px-New_Rajya_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/New_Rajya_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building.jpg/722px-New_Rajya_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>Rajya Sabha Chamber </figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> (Council of States) or the <a href="/wiki/Upper_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper House">Upper House</a> is a permanent body not subject to dissolution. One-third of the members retire every second year and are replaced by newly elected members. Each member is elected for a term of six years.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its members are indirectly elected by elected members of legislative assembly of the states. The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members. It currently has a sanctioned strength of 245 members, of which 233 are elected from <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">states, and union territories</a> and 12 are <a href="/wiki/List_of_nominated_members_of_Rajya_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="List of nominated members of Rajya Sabha">nominated</a> by the president. The number of members from a state depends on its population. The minimum age for a person to become a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Rajya_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha">member of the Rajya Sabha</a> is 30 years.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are no caste-based reservations in Rajya Sabha.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Powers">Powers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the primary institution responsible for lawmaking, the Indian Parliament possesses a wide array of powers that form the backbone of the country's democratic governance. </p> <ul><li><b>Legislative Powers</b>: <ol><li>Enacting Laws: The Parliament is vested with the authority to make laws on subjects enumerated in the Union List and Concurrent List under the Constitution of India. Bills can be introduced in either house, and upon approval, they become laws after receiving the President's assent</li> <li>Amending the Constitution: The Parliament can amend the Constitution with the support of a special majority, allowing for modifications to accommodate changing societal needs and aspirations.</li> <li>Residuary Powers: The Parliament holds exclusive authority over matters not covered by the Union or State Lists, known as residuary powers.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></li> <li><b>Financial Powers</b>: <ol><li>Formulation and Approval of the Union Budget: The Parliament plays a vital role in the development and endorsement of the Union Budget. It carefully examines the government's proposals for revenue generation and expenditure, provides suggestions for modifications if necessary, and ultimately grants or withholds financial allocations accordingly.</li> <li>Taxation: Parliament has the power to levy and collect taxes, including income tax, customs and excise duties, and goods and services tax (GST).</li> <li>Control over Public Expenditure: The Parliament scrutinizes government expenditure through debates and discussions on budgetary allocations, ensuring accountability and transparency.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></li> <li><b>Executive Powers</b>: <ol><li>Council of Ministers: The Parliament exercises executive powers indirectly through its control over the Council of Ministers. The government is collectively responsible to the Parliament, and its policies and actions are subject to parliamentary scrutiny.</li> <li>Vote of No Confidence: The Parliament can remove the government from power through a vote of no confidence. If the government fails to enjoy the majority's support (in Lok Sabha), it must resign.</li> <li>Questions and Motions: Members of Parliament have the right to raise questions, seek clarifications, and move motions regarding the functioning of the government and its policies.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></li> <li><b>Oversight Powers</b>: <ol><li>Question Hour: Members of Parliament can ask questions of ministers during the Question Hour, seeking clarifications on matters of public interest.</li> <li>Committees: The Parliament appoints various committees, such as the Public Accounts Committee (PAC), the Estimates Committee, and the Committee on Public Undertakings, to oversee and examine government policies, programs, and their implementation.</li> <li>Impeachment Power: The Parliament has the authority to initiate impeachment proceedings against the President, Vice President, and Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts for the violation of the Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sessions">Sessions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sessions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The period during which the House meets to conduct its business is called a session. The constitution empowers the president to summon each house at such intervals that there should not be more than a six-month gap between the two sessions. Hence the Parliament must meet at least twice a year. In India, the Parliament conducts three sessions each year.<sup id="cite_ref-Our_Parliament_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Our_Parliament-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Budget session</b>: The Budget Session is arguably the most crucial session of the Indian Parliament. It typically commences in February and concludes in May. The primary objective of this session is to discuss, debate, and pass the annual Union Budget, which outlines the government's fiscal policies and priorities for the upcoming financial year. Members of Parliament scrutinize the budget proposals, propose amendments, and engage in comprehensive discussions to ensure transparency and accountability in the allocation of funds.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Monsoon session</b>: The Monsoon Session of Parliament usually takes place between July and August. It derives its name from the occurrence of the monsoon season during this time. This session primarily focuses on enacting legislation, as it provides an opportunity for Members of Parliament to introduce bills, engage in extensive debates, and collectively decide on their passage. Apart from legislative functions, this session also involves discussions on various issues of national importance, enabling the government to address concerns raised by the opposition and seek their support.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Winter session</b>: The Winter Session, held between November and December, serves as the last parliamentary session of the calendar year. Its main purpose is to ensure a comprehensive review of the government's policies and initiatives, allowing Members of Parliament to critically analyze their effectiveness. This session witnesses the introduction of bills, discussions on pending legislation, and the examination of the government's performance through questions, motions, and debates. The Winter Session is vital for fostering accountability and transparency in governance.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Special Sessions</b><i>:</i> In addition to the regular sessions, the Indian Parliament also holds special sessions to address urgent matters or crises that require immediate attention. These sessions are convened outside the usual schedule and are dedicated to discussing specific issues of national importance. Special sessions provide a platform for focused deliberations, enabling swift decision-making and action in response to emergencies or critical circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functions">Functions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_functions">Legislative functions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legislative functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lawmaking_procedure_in_India" title="Lawmaking procedure in India">Lawmaking procedure in India</a></div> <p>Legislative proposals are brought before either house of the Parliament in the form of a bill. A bill is the draft of a legislative proposal, which, when passed by both houses of Parliament and assented to by the president, becomes an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">act of Parliament</a>. <a href="/wiki/Money_bill" title="Money bill">Money bills</a> must originate in the Lok Sabha. The <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> can only make recommendations over the bills to the House, within a period of fourteen days.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parliamentary_committees">Parliamentary committees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Parliamentary committees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_parliamentary_committees" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian parliamentary committees">List of Indian parliamentary committees</a></div> <p>Parliamentary committees are formed to deliberate specific matters at length. The public is directly or indirectly associated, and studies are conducted to help committees arrive at the conclusions. Parliamentary committees are of two kinds: standing committees and ad hoc committees.<sup id="cite_ref-Committee_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Committee-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Standing committees are permanent committees constituted from time to time in pursuance of the provisions of an act of Parliament or rules of procedure and conduct of business in Parliament. The work of these committees is of a continuing nature. Ad hoc committees are appointed for a specific purpose, and they cease to exist when they finish the task assigned to them and submit a report.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Privileges">Privileges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Privileges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parliamentary privileges play a crucial role in safeguarding the functioning of the Indian Parliament and upholding its authority as the primary legislative body in the country. These privileges grant certain rights and immunize Members of Parliament, enabling them to perform their duties effectively, express their views freely, and ensure democratic accountability.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Freedom of Speech</i>: One of the most fundamental parliamentary privileges is the freedom of speech and expression granted to Members of Parliament. This privilege allows legislators to articulate their opinions and viewpoints without fear of legal consequences or outside interference. By protecting freedom of speech, parliamentary privileges ensure that parliamentarians can openly debate, discuss, and criticize government policies and actions, thus contributing to robust decision-making and democratic governance.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Immunity from Legal Action</i>: Parliamentary privileges grant lawmakers immunity from civil and criminal proceedings for any statements made or actions performed within the Parliament or its committees. This immunity allows Members of Parliament to express their opinions and engage in debates without the fear of legal repercussions. By safeguarding parliamentarians from external legal actions, these privileges facilitate open and uninhibited discussions, fostering an environment conducive to the free exchange of ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Access to Information</i>: Parliamentary privileges also encompass the right to access information necessary for effective legislation and oversight. Members of Parliament have the authority to seek information from government officials, ministries, and public authorities to gather facts, scrutinize policies, and hold the government accountable. This privilege enables parliamentarians to obtain critical data, documents, and reports to make informed decisions and represent the interests of their constituents effectively.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Control over Internal Affairs</i>: Parliamentary privileges grant the legislature the power to regulate its internal affairs, proceedings, and discipline. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha and the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha exercise these privileges to maintain decorum, ensure orderly debates, and enforce rules of procedure. This control over internal affairs allows the Indian Parliament to function independently, protect its integrity, and maintain its authority as a legislative body.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Protection from Arrest</i>: Parliamentary privileges provide Members of Parliament with protection from arrest in civil cases during the session of Parliament, allowing them to discharge their legislative responsibilities without hindrance. This privilege ensures that lawmakers can attend parliamentary sessions, participate in debates, and fulfill their duties without the threat of detention or interference.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Code_of_conduct">Code of conduct</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Code of conduct"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To uphold the principles of transparency, accountability, and ethical conduct, the Indian Parliament focuses on some of the key behavioral aspects for parliamentarians. </p> <ul><li>To maintain transparency:</li></ul> <ol><li>Parliamentarians should disclose their financial interests, including assets, investments, and sources of income, to ensure transparency and prevent conflicts of interest.</li> <li>Detailed records of parliamentary proceedings, including debates, voting records, and committee activities, should be made readily available to the public for scrutiny and accountability.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <ul><li>Conflict of Interest: <ol><li>Parliamentarians should avoid conflicts of interest and recuse themselves from discussions or decisions that may directly or indirectly benefit them, their family members, or their associates.</li> <li>A clear definition of conflicts of interest and guidelines for disclosure and recusal are outlined to maintain the integrity of the legislative process.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></li> <li>Respectful Discourse: <ol><li>Parliamentarians should engage in respectful and constructive debates, adhering to decorum and avoiding personal attacks or derogatory language.</li> <li>Speeches and interactions should be focused on the issues at hand, fostering a culture of healthy deliberation and informed decision-making.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></li> <li>Attendance and Participation: <ol><li>Parliamentarians should demonstrate a high level of commitment to their duties by attending sessions regularly and actively participating in debates, voting, and committee work.</li> <li>Guidelines are established to ensure that absenteeism is minimal, and absence without valid reasons is addressed appropriately.</li></ol></li> <li>Use of Parliamentary Privileges: <ol><li>Parliamentarians should exercise their parliamentary privileges responsibly, recognizing that they are not immune to legal and ethical obligations outside the Parliament.</li> <li>Misuse of privileges, such as obstructing justice or engaging in corrupt practices, are strictly prohibited and subjected to legal consequences.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></li> <li>Accountability: <ol><li>Parliamentarians are accountable to the public they represent, regularly communicating with constituents, listening to their concerns, and addressing their grievances.</li> <li>A mechanism for public redressal and feedback are established to hold parliamentarians accountable for their actions and decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></li> <li>Prohibition of Corruption: <ol><li>Parliamentarians should be bound by stringent anti-corruption measures, including the declaration of assets, income, and liabilities, and strict adherence to existing anti-corruption laws.</li> <li>Strong penalties and disciplinary action should be imposed for any proven instances of corruption or unethical behavior, reinforcing a culture of integrity and zero tolerance for malpractice.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></li></ul> <p>In 2022, the Lok Sabha secretariat released a booklet listing out unparliamentary words and expressions before the start of the Monsoon session on 18 July 2022. The banned words if used during debates or otherwise in both the houses would be expunged from the records of the parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraphindia_2022_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraphindia_2022-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incidents">Incidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Incidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2001_Terrorist_attack">2001 Terrorist attack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2001 Terrorist attack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2001_Indian_Parliament_attack" title="2001 Indian Parliament attack">2001 Indian Parliament attack</a></div> <p>On 13 December 2001, the Indian Parliament was attacked by an <a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorist</a> group. The perpetrators were <a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Taiba" title="Lashkar-e-Taiba">Lashkar-e-Taiba</a> (Let) and <a href="/wiki/Jaish-e-Mohammed" title="Jaish-e-Mohammed">Jaish-e-Mohammed</a> (JeM) terrorists. The attack led to the deaths of five terrorists, six <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Police" title="Delhi Police">Delhi Police</a> personnel, two <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Security_Services" title="Parliament Security Services">Parliament Security Services</a> personnel, and a gardener, which totaled 14 fatalities. The incident led to increased tensions between <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/2001%E2%80%9302_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_standoff" class="mw-redirect" title="2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff">2001-02 India–Pakistan standoff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023_Security_breach">2023 Security breach</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 2023 Security breach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2023_Indian_Parliament_breach" title="2023 Indian Parliament breach">2023 Indian Parliament breach</a></div> <p>On 13 December 2023, two protestors breached the new premises of parliament and entered the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> section.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The security breach was organized by six protestors. Two of the accused, Sagar Sharma and D Manoranjan, jumped into the chamber from the visitor's gallery, and opened a yellow smoke canister, in an attempt to reach the Speaker's Chair. While outside the parliament, two others, Neelam Devi and Amol Shinde, allegedly opened an aerosol canister, releasing a colored smoke.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sixth individual, Vishal Sharma, was caught meters away from the parliament after filming and uploading the video of the protest outside Parliament to the social media platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The alleged leader of the protestors was Lalit Jha, who is affiliated with the Samyabadi Subhas Sabha, a non-governmental organisation in West Bengal, and calls himself a teacher on his Instagram profile.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Delhi police told the court that it was a well-planned conspiracy, and that the accused might also be associated with terrorist organisations.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the police have not officially revealed a motive, both media reports and statements from the families of the accused suggest that the protesters sought to articulate their frustration with the government's policies.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Loktantrik_Party" title="Rashtriya Loktantrik Party">Rashtriya Loktantrik Party</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Hanuman_Beniwal" title="Hanuman Beniwal">Hanuman Beniwal</a> along with some MPs caught and overpowered the intruder and became ‘hero’ or ‘saviour’ of the Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beniwal told the media soon after - "<i>Herogiri unki utar di, [<a href="/wiki/Translation" title="Translation">trans</a>. taught them a lesson]”.</i><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beniwal soon after incident questioned BJP government on national security and called it a ‘big security lapse’ and demanded a thorough investigation. He also highlighted the timing, coinciding with the 22nd anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/2001_Indian_Parliament_attack" title="2001 Indian Parliament attack">2001 Indian Parliament attack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Day after the security breach, <a href="/wiki/Trinamool_Congress" title="Trinamool Congress">Trinamool</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Derek_O%27Brien_(politician)" title="Derek O'Brien (politician)">Derek O'Brien</a> of the Rajya Sabha and 13 MPs of Lok Sabha from <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">the Congress</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a> parties, were suspended until 22 December for protesting by bringing placards and hindering the proceedings of the parliament by demanding answers regarding the security breach and the home minister's statement. <sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A week after the breach, 78 more MPs were suspended, most of them part of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Developmental_Inclusive_Alliance" title="Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance">INDIA</a> alliance, after protesting the security breach.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jawaharal_Nehru_and_other_members_taking_pledge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jawaharlal Nehru and other members taking pledge during the midnight session of the Constituent Assembly of India held on 14 and 15 August 1947."><img alt="Jawaharlal Nehru and other members taking pledge during the midnight session of the Constituent Assembly of India held on 14 and 15 August 1947." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Jawaharal_Nehru_and_other_members_taking_pledge.jpg/120px-Jawaharal_Nehru_and_other_members_taking_pledge.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Jawaharal_Nehru_and_other_members_taking_pledge.jpg/180px-Jawaharal_Nehru_and_other_members_taking_pledge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Jawaharal_Nehru_and_other_members_taking_pledge.jpg/240px-Jawaharal_Nehru_and_other_members_taking_pledge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="385" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> and other members taking pledge during the midnight session of the Constituent Assembly of India held on 14 and 15 August 1947.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Constituent_Assembly_of_India_meeting_in_1950.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Constituent Assembly of India"><img alt="Constituent Assembly of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/A_Constituent_Assembly_of_India_meeting_in_1950.jpg/120px-A_Constituent_Assembly_of_India_meeting_in_1950.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/A_Constituent_Assembly_of_India_meeting_in_1950.jpg/180px-A_Constituent_Assembly_of_India_meeting_in_1950.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/A_Constituent_Assembly_of_India_meeting_in_1950.jpg/240px-A_Constituent_Assembly_of_India_meeting_in_1950.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="518" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_India" title="Constituent Assembly of India">Constituent Assembly of India</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jawaharlal_Nehru_addressing_the_constituent_assembly_in_1946.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jawaharlal Nehru addressing the Constituent Assembly in 1946."><img alt="Jawaharlal Nehru addressing the Constituent Assembly in 1946." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Jawaharlal_Nehru_addressing_the_constituent_assembly_in_1946.jpg/120px-Jawaharlal_Nehru_addressing_the_constituent_assembly_in_1946.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Jawaharlal_Nehru_addressing_the_constituent_assembly_in_1946.jpg/180px-Jawaharlal_Nehru_addressing_the_constituent_assembly_in_1946.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Jawaharlal_Nehru_addressing_the_constituent_assembly_in_1946.jpg/240px-Jawaharlal_Nehru_addressing_the_constituent_assembly_in_1946.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="437" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jawaharlal Nehru addressing the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_India" title="Constituent Assembly of India">Constituent Assembly</a> in 1946.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Prime_Minister_Morarji_Desai_listens_to_Jimmy_Carter_as_he_addresses_the_Indian_Parliament_House._-_NARA_-_177385.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Indian prime minister Morarji Desai listens to Jimmy Carter as he addresses the Indian Parliament."><img alt="Indian prime minister Morarji Desai listens to Jimmy Carter as he addresses the Indian Parliament." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Indian_Prime_Minister_Morarji_Desai_listens_to_Jimmy_Carter_as_he_addresses_the_Indian_Parliament_House._-_NARA_-_177385.tif/lossy-page1-120px-Indian_Prime_Minister_Morarji_Desai_listens_to_Jimmy_Carter_as_he_addresses_the_Indian_Parliament_House._-_NARA_-_177385.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Indian_Prime_Minister_Morarji_Desai_listens_to_Jimmy_Carter_as_he_addresses_the_Indian_Parliament_House._-_NARA_-_177385.tif/lossy-page1-180px-Indian_Prime_Minister_Morarji_Desai_listens_to_Jimmy_Carter_as_he_addresses_the_Indian_Parliament_House._-_NARA_-_177385.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Indian_Prime_Minister_Morarji_Desai_listens_to_Jimmy_Carter_as_he_addresses_the_Indian_Parliament_House._-_NARA_-_177385.tif/lossy-page1-240px-Indian_Prime_Minister_Morarji_Desai_listens_to_Jimmy_Carter_as_he_addresses_the_Indian_Parliament_House._-_NARA_-_177385.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2054" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Indian_prime_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian prime minister">Indian prime minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a> listens to <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> as he addresses the Indian Parliament.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_Indian_Parliament_attack" title="2001 Indian Parliament attack">2001 Indian Parliament attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Parliamentary_Group" title="Indian Parliamentary Group">Indian Parliamentary Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha">List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_country" title="List of legislatures by country">List of legislatures by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Rajya_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha">Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament,_Lok_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of parliament, Lok Sabha">Member of parliament, Lok Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRS_Legislative_Research" title="PRS Legislative Research">PRS Legislative Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">Politics of India</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription 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.cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/droupadi-murmu-takes-oath-as-countrys-15th-president/article65681087.ece">"Droupadi Murmu takes oath as the 15th President of India"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. New Delhi, India. 25 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220725161244/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/droupadi-murmu-takes-oath-as-countrys-15th-president/article65681087.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Droupadi+Murmu+takes+oath+as+the+15th+President+of+India&rft.date=2022-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdroupadi-murmu-takes-oath-as-countrys-15th-president%2Farticle65681087.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jagdeep-dhankhar-sworn-in-as-14th-vice-president-of-india/articleshow/93493035.cms">"Jagdeep Dhankhar sworn in as 14th Vice-President of India"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. Mumbai, India. 11 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220814151141/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jagdeep-dhankhar-sworn-in-as-14th-vice-president-of-india/articleshow/93493035.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rajasthan.ndtv.in&rft.atitle=Parliament+Security+Breach%3A+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87+%27%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%27+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87+%27%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%95%27%2C+%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%2C+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frajasthan.ndtv.in%2Findia%2Fparliament-security-breach-rajasthan-mp-hanuman-beniwal-became-parliaments-troubleshooter-caught-intruders-video-going-viral-4668067&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-politics/hanuman-beniwal-lok-sabha-intruder-thrashed-mp-9067247/">"Hanuman Beniwal thrashes Lok Sabha intruder: 5 things you need to know about the Nagaur MP"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 13 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dainik+Bhaskar&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%3A+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87-+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6+%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%8F+%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%2C+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%88+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82%3B+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9B+MP+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE+-+Rajasthan+News&rft.date=2023-12-13&rft.aulast=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8&rft.aufirst=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bhaskar.com%2Flocal%2Frajasthan%2Fnews%2Fhanuman-beniwal-beats-up-young-man-who-jumped-into-lok-sabha-132281406.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-67712325">"Parliament security breach: 15 India opposition MPs suspended for protests"</a>. 14 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Parliament+security+breach%3A+15+India+opposition+MPs+suspended+for+protests&rft.date=2023-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-india-67712325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Green_copyright.svg/12px-Green_copyright.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Green_copyright.svg/18px-Green_copyright.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Green_copyright.svg/24px-Green_copyright.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="197" data-file-height="197" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from </i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://centralvista.gov.in/new-parliament-building.php">New Parliament Building for Realizing People's Aspirations</a><i>, which is a copyrighted work of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.india.gov.in/">Government of India</a>, licensed under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.gov.in/sites/default/files/Gazette_Notification_OGDL.pdf">Government Open Data License - India (GODL)</a>.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShourie2007" class="citation book cs1">Shourie, Arun (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cXWKAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Parliamentary System: What We Have Made of It, What We Can Make of It</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Rupa_Publications" title="Rupa Publications">Rupa & Co</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-129-11192-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-129-11192-0"><bdi>978-8-129-11192-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Parliamentary+System%3A+What+We+Have+Made+of+It%2C+What+We+Can+Make+of+It&rft.pub=Rupa+%26+Co&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-8-129-11192-0&rft.aulast=Shourie&rft.aufirst=Arun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcXWKAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_India&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Parliament_of_India" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource logo"><img alt="Wikisource logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/16px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/32px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Works on the topic <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Parliament_of_India" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parliaments_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parliaments of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bhutan" title="Parliament of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cambodia" title="Parliament of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Egypt" title="Parliament of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jordan" title="Parliament of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kazakhstan" title="Parliament of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lebanon" title="Parliament of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Singapore" title="Parliament of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Parliament of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Ossetia" title="Parliament of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parliament of the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_bicameral_legislatures" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Template:National bicameral legislatures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Template talk:National bicameral legislatures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National bicameral legislatures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_bicameral_legislatures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislatures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Argentina" title="National Congress of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Parliament" title="Austrian Parliament">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament" title="Belgian Federal Parliament">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Brazil" title="National Congress of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Egypt" title="Parliament of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Federal Parliamentary Assembly">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Union" title="Congress of the Union">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Nepal" title="Federal Parliament of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nigeria)" title="National Assembly (Nigeria)">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Russia)" title="Federal Assembly (Russia)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia" title="Federal Parliament of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legislature_(South_Sudan)" title="National Legislature (South Sudan)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legislature_(Sudan)" title="National Legislature (Sudan)">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Algeria" title="Parliament of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Bahamas" title="Parliament of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bahrain)" title="National Assembly (Bahrain)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Barbados" title="Parliament of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Belize)" title="National Assembly (Belize)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bhutan" title="Parliament of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurinational_Legislative_Assembly" title="Plurinational Legislative Assembly">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Burundi" title="Parliament of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cambodia" title="Parliament of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cameroon" title="Parliament of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Chile" title="National Congress of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Colombia" title="Congress of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Parliament of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Congress of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Parliament of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Eswatini" title="Parliament of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Gabon" title="Parliament of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Grenada" title="Parliament of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Haiti)" title="National Assembly (Haiti)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly" title="People's Consultative Assembly">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Parliament of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jamaica" title="Parliament of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jordan" title="Parliament of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kazakhstan" title="Parliament of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kenya" title="Parliament of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lesotho" title="Parliament of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Liberia" title="Legislature of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Madagascar" title="Parliament of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Morocco" title="Parliament of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyidaungsu_Hluttaw" title="Pyidaungsu Hluttaw">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Namibia" title="Parliament of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Oman" title="Council of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau_National_Congress" title="Palau National Congress">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Paraguay" title="Congress of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Poland" title="Parliament of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Rwanda" title="Parliament of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Parliament of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Parliament" title="Slovenian Parliament">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Assembly_(Tajikistan)" title="Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Thailand)" title="National Assembly (Thailand)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Turkmenistan" title="National Council of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Uruguay" title="General Assembly of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliy_Majlis" title="Oliy Majlis">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Zimbabwe" title="Parliament of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent and<br />other territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Fono" title="American Samoa Fono">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bermuda" title="Parliament of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_Commonwealth_Legislature" title="Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Legislature">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">Non-UN states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Somaliland" title="Parliament of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Venezuela" title="Congress of Venezuela">Venezuela (1811-1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Congress" title="Confederate States Congress">Confederate States (1862–1865)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="National Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">Czechoslovakia (1920–1939)</a> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">(1969–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riigikogu#Division" title="Riigikogu">Estonia (1938–1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Serbia#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly of Serbia">Serbia (1901–1903)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union (1938–1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Republic_of_Texas" title="Congress of the Republic of Texas">Texas (1836–1845)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Yugoslavia" title="Assembly of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia (1931–1939, 1945–1963, 1974–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Serbia and Montenegro">FR Yugoslavia (1992–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire (1876–1878, 1908–1920)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">Unicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricameralism" title="Tricameralism">Tricameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicameralism" title="Multicameralism">Multicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_country" title="List of legislatures by country">List of legislatures by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_unicameral_legislatures" title="Template:National unicameral legislatures">National unicameral legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_lower_houses" title="Template:National lower houses">National lower houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_upper_houses" title="Template:National upper houses">National upper houses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Parliament_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parliament_of_India" title="Template:Parliament of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parliament_of_India" title="Template talk:Parliament of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parliament_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parliament of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Parliament_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parliament of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of India">List</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/44px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/66px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/88px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Deputy Speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha_Secretariat" title="Lok Sabha Secretariat">Secretariat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Lok Sabha">Secretary General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_in_Lok_Sabha" title="Leader of the House in Lok Sabha">Leader of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_Lok_Sabha" title="Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha">Leader of the Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha">Constituencies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of former constituencies of the Lok Sabha">Former Constituencies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">MPLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_reserved_seats_in_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha">Nominated Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Lok_Sabha" title="17th Lok Sabha">Current Lok Sabha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_17th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha">Current Members</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Chairperson</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Vice Presidents of India">List</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chairperson_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha">Deputy Chairperson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha">Secretary General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_in_Rajya_Sabha" title="Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha">Leader of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_Rajya_Sabha" title="Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha">Leader of the Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Rajya_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha">MPRS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rajya_Sabha_members_(Alphabetical)" title="List of Rajya Sabha members (Alphabetical)"><i>List</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nominated_members_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha">Nominated Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="List of current members of the Rajya Sabha">Current Members</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_parliamentary_committees" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian parliamentary committees">Parliamentary committees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Standing_committee_(India)" title="Standing committee (India)">Standing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estimates_Committee" title="Estimates Committee">Estimates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_on_Defence_(India)" title="Standing Committee on Defence (India)">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_on_Finance" title="Standing Committee on Finance">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Accounts_Committee_(India)" title="Public Accounts Committee (India)">Public Accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Public_Undertakings" title="Committee on Public Undertakings">Public Undertakings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc" title="Ad hoc">Ad hoc</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Mehta_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashok Mehta Committee">A. Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balwant_Rai_Mehta_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Balwant Rai Mehta Committee">B. R. Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_parliamentary_committee" title="Joint parliamentary committee">JPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_Review_Committee" title="Kargil Review Committee">Kargil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimham_Committee" title="Narasimham Committee">Narasimham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachar_Committee" title="Sachar Committee">Sachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikrishna_Committee" title="Srikrishna Committee">Srikrishna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lawmaking_procedure_in_India" title="Lawmaking procedure in India">Legislative procedures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resolution_(law)" title="Resolution (law)">Resolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1962_Indian_parliamentary_resolution_on_China" title="1962 Indian parliamentary resolution on China">1962 Parliamentary resolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_parliament" title="Act of parliament">Act of parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_India" title="List of acts of the Parliament of India"><i>List</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Amendment of the Constitution of India">Amendment of Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amendments_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="List of amendments of the Constitution of India"><i>List</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_(law)" title="Bill (law)">Bill</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_bill" title="Appropriation bill">Appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_bill" title="Money bill">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinance_(India)" title="Ordinance (India)">Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_member%27s_bill" title="Private member's bill">Private Member</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_budget_of_India" title="Union budget of India">Budget</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_budget_of_India" title="Military budget of India">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_budget_of_India" title="Railway budget of India">Railway</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">Confidence and supply</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">Motion of no confidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_supply" title="Loss of supply">Loss of supply</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossing_the_floor" title="Crossing the floor">Cross-voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_assembly" title="Division of the assembly">Division of the house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_parliament" title="Dissolution of parliament">Dissolution of parliament</a></li> <li>Legislative Party</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">Minority government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(India)" title="Official Opposition (India)">Official Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Question_Hour" title="Question Hour">Question Hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_session" title="Legislative session">Session</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_session_of_the_Parliament_of_India" title="Joint session of the Parliament of India">Joint Session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_session_of_the_Parliament_of_India" title="Special session of the Parliament of India">Special Session</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurality_voting" title="Plurality voting">Simple majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermajority" title="Supermajority">Special majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_emergency_in_India" title="States of emergency in India">States of emergency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">The Emergency of 1975–77</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_vote" title="Voice vote">Voice Vote</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_Indian_Parliament_attack" title="2001 Indian Parliament attack">2001 Parliament attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Parliamentary_Union" title="Inter-Parliamentary Union">Inter-Parliamentary Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Parliamentary_Association" title="Commonwealth Parliamentary Association">Commonwealth Parliamentary Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delimitation_Commission_of_India" title="Delimitation Commission of India">Delimitation Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_Parliament_Local_Area_Development_Scheme" title="Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme">MPLADS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(India)" title="Member of Parliament (India)">Member of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outstanding_Parliamentarian_Award" title="Outstanding Parliamentarian Award">Outstanding Parliamentarian Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Parliamentary_Group" title="Indian Parliamentary Group">Parliamentary Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Museum" title="Parliament Museum">Parliament Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Security_Services" title="Parliament Security Services">Parliament Security Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansad_Adarsh_Gram_Yojana" title="Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana">Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana</a></li> <li>Parliament House/Sansad Bhavan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_New_Delhi" title="Parliament House, New Delhi">Parliament House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Parliament_House,_New_Delhi" title="Old Parliament House, New Delhi">Old Parliament House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansad_Marg" title="Sansad Marg">Sansad Marg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansad_TV" title="Sansad TV">Sansad TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Union Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="United Nations Parliamentary Assembly">United Nations Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Youth_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="The Youth Parliament">Youth Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Parliament_Program" title="Youth Parliament Program">Youth Parliament Program</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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