CINXE.COM
Special Interest Groups - CHM
<!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if lte IE 8 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js oldie"> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 9 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie9"> <![endif]--> <!--[if (gt IE 9)|!(IE)]><!--> <html lang="en" style="margin: 0 !important; position: relative!important;" class="no-js"> <!--<![endif]--> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"3711322ece",applicationID:"406198101"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>g,gD:()=>h,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function g(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=g(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>d,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,d=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=h(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=m()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:v,listeners:h,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=m();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!m()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=h(e).concat(t)}function h(e){return n[e]||[]}function v(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function m(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log";n.K7.logging},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(2614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),g=r(384),p=r(6344);const h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],v=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var m=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993);var w=r(2646),A=r(3434);function R(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,A.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function E(){const e=(0,g.pV)();h.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function _(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const h={};var w=s.ee.get(e),A=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var E="api-",_=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function T(){}h.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,m.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},h.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),R(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},v.forEach((e=>{h[e]=j(E,e,!0,"api")})),h.addPageAction=j(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},h.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},h.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},h[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h.interaction=function(e){return(new T).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const S=T.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,m.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,m.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,m.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,m.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function k(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{S[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),h.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),h.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,m.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>k()),!0):k(),h}var N=r(9417),T=r(8122);const S={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},j={};var k=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let O=!1;function P(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:l={},exposed:f=!0}=t;l.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");j[e]=(0,T.a)(t,S);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=j[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const h=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),v=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];O||(h.proxy.assets&&(I(h.proxy.assets),v.push(h.proxy.assets)),h.proxy.beacon&&v.push(h.proxy.beacon),E(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",k.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===h.soft_navigations.enabled&&h.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),l.denyList=[...h.ajax.deny_list||[],...h.ajax.block_internal?v:[]],l.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,l),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=_(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),O=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.274.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-gkYkZDAwQ9PwaDXs2YM+rNIdRej1Ac1mupWobRJ8eahQcXz6/sunGZCKklrzi5kWxhOGRZr2tn0rEKuLTXzfAA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={840:0,374:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(7603);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),g=i(5289),p=i(6154),h=i(384);const v=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function m(e){return!!(0,h.dV)().o.MO&&v(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(6389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(v(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,3861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return m(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(6630);class A extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(9908),E=i(2843),x=i(3878),_=i(782),N=i(1863);class T extends y{static featureName=_.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,R.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,x.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,R.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var S=i(3969);class j extends y{static featureName=S.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,S.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,h.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(A),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,h.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[A,T,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/favicon.ico"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/favicon.ico"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/assets/css/mediaelementplayer.min.css" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/style.css?v=2024-24-11" type="text/css" media="all"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.5 (Yoast SEO v22.5) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> <title>Special Interest Groups - CHM</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://computerhistory.org/special-interest-groups/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Special Interest Groups" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://computerhistory.org/special-interest-groups/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="CHM" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/computerhistory/" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2019-12-06T21:27:25+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Fairchild-Books-Press-Release-011.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1100" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="733" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@ComputerHistory" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://computerhistory.org/special-interest-groups/","url":"https://computerhistory.org/special-interest-groups/","name":"Special Interest Groups - CHM","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://computerhistory.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://computerhistory.org/special-interest-groups/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://computerhistory.org/special-interest-groups/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Fairchild-Books-Press-Release-011.jpg","datePublished":"2019-11-22T17:40:42+00:00","dateModified":"2019-12-06T21:27:25+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://computerhistory.org/special-interest-groups/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://computerhistory.org/special-interest-groups/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://computerhistory.org/special-interest-groups/#primaryimage","url":"https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Fairchild-Books-Press-Release-011.jpg","contentUrl":"https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Fairchild-Books-Press-Release-011.jpg","width":1100,"height":733,"caption":"Special Interest Groups"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://computerhistory.org/special-interest-groups/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://computerhistory.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Special Interest Groups"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://computerhistory.org/#website","url":"https://computerhistory.org/","name":"CHM","description":"Computer History Museum","publisher":{"@id":"https://computerhistory.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://computerhistory.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://computerhistory.org/#organization","name":"Computer History Museum","url":"https://computerhistory.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://computerhistory.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/chm_logo_400x400.jpg","contentUrl":"https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/chm_logo_400x400.jpg","width":800,"height":800,"caption":"Computer History Museum"},"image":{"@id":"https://computerhistory.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/computerhistory/","https://x.com/ComputerHistory","https://www.instagram.com/computerhistory/","https://www.youtube.com/user/ComputerHistory","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_History_Museum"]}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//static.addtoany.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.google.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//addevent.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdnjs.cloudflare.com' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='popup-maker-site-css' href='//computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/pum/pum-site-styles.css?generated=1733176601&ver=1.18.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://computerhistory.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.4.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}body .is-layout-grid > *{margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} .wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} .wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=5.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='addtoany-css' href='https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/addtoany.min.css?ver=1.16' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='addtoany-inline-css' type='text/css'> .a2a_floating_style { position: relative !important; top: 0 !important; margin-left: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='popup-css' href='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/magnific-popup.js/1.1.0/magnific-popup.css?ver=1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/src/js/vendor/jquery.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="addtoany-core-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" async src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" id="addtoany-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" async src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/addtoany.min.js?ver=1.1" id="addtoany-jquery-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://addevent.com/libs/atc/1.6.1/atc.min.js?ver=1" id="atc-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://computerhistory.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://computerhistory.org/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/13737" /><link rel='shortlink' href='https://computerhistory.org/?p=13737' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://computerhistory.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcomputerhistory.org%2Fspecial-interest-groups%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://computerhistory.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcomputerhistory.org%2Fspecial-interest-groups%2F&format=xml" /> <style type="text/css">.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> @media only screen and (max-width: 445px) { header .nav-section-bottom { height: 440px!important; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 992px) { header .nav-section-bottom { height: 400px; overflow-y: scroll; position: relative; padding-bottom: 5rem; } header .nav-section-bottom .nav-section-bottom-menu .bottom-menu>li .submenu { width: 100%; } } .links-list ul { margin-bottom: 0!important; margin-left: 0!important; } .links-list ul li { margin-bottom: 14px!important; padding-left: 0!important; } .links-list ul>li:before { content: none!important; } .two-column-grid__right .events-list { margin-bottom: 0!important; margin-left: 0!important; } .two-column-grid__right .events-list li { margin-bottom: 14px!important; padding-left: 0!important; } .two-column-grid__right .events-list>li:before { content: none!important; } .single-column-grid .events-list { margin-bottom: 0!important; margin-left: 0!important; } .single-column-grid .events-list li { margin-bottom: 14px!important; padding-left: 0!important; } .single-column-grid .events-list>li:before { content: none!important; } .three-column-grid__center .events-list { margin-bottom: 0!important; margin-left: 0!important; } .three-column-grid__center .events-list li { margin-bottom: 14px!important; padding-left: 0!important; } .three-column-grid__center .events-list>li:before { content: none!important; } .pagination ul { margin-bottom: auto!important; margin-left: auto!important; } .pagination ul li { margin-bottom: 14px!important; padding-left: 0!important; } .pagination ul>li:before { content: none!important; } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> var MTUserId = '1c75c36c-a46a-4891-8bfa-e317e4c2df90'; var MTFontIds = new Array(); MTFontIds.push("1475724"); // DIN 1451 W01 EngSchrift (function () { var mtTracking = document.createElement('script'); mtTracking.type = 'text/javascript'; mtTracking.async = 'true'; mtTracking.src = '/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/src/fonts/mtiFontTrackingCode.js'; (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(mtTracking); })(); </script> <script src="/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/src/js/vendor/mediaelement-and-player.min.js'"></script> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-MLN7JPS');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --></head> <body class="page-template-default page page-id-13737" data-template="base.twig"> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MLN7JPS" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <header> <div class="nav-wrapper"> <div class="container"> <div class="nav-section-top"> <div class="logo"> <a class="logo" href="https://computerhistory.org" title="Computer History Museum home link"> <img class="full-logo" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/assets/img/chm-logo-text.svg" alt="Computer History Museum Logo"> <img class="teaser-logo" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/assets/img/chm-logo-short.svg" alt="Computer History Museum Logo"> </a> </div> <div class="right-content"> <div class="responsive-buttons"> <a href="https://donate.computerhistory.org/computer-history-museum/" class="btn-nav btn-red chm-donate-popup">Donate</a> <a href="https://connect.computerhistory.org" class="btn-nav btn-green ">Tickets</a> </div> <button class="mobile-menu-toggle"> <span>Menu</span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="nav-section-bottom"> <div class="nav-section-bottom-menu"> <ul class="menu vertical large-horizontal bottom-menu" data-responsive-menu="drilldown large-dropdown"> <li> <a href="/explore/">Explore</a> <ul class="nested menu submenu vertical"> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/explore/">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/collections/">Collections</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/timelines/">Timelines</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/blogs/">Blogs</a></li> <li><a href="/stories/">Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/playlists/">Playlists</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/activities-resources/">Activities & Resources</a></li> </ul> <!-- /.menu.nested --> </li> <li> <a href="/visit/">Visit</a> <ul class="nested menu submenu vertical"> <li><a href="/visit/">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/plan-your-visit/">Plan Your Visit</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/exhibits/">Exhibits</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/tours/">Tours</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/visit/group-visits/">Group Visits</a></li> <li><a href="/events/">Events</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/venue/">Venue</a></li> </ul> <!-- /.menu.nested --> </li> <li> <a href="/about/">About</a> <ul class="nested menu submenu vertical"> <li><a href="/about/">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/this-is-chm/">This Is CHM</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/fellow-awards/">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/programs/">Programs</a></li> <li><a href="/press-releases">News</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/leadership/">Leadership</a></li> </ul> <!-- /.menu.nested --> </li> <li> <a href="/join/">Join & Give</a> <ul class="nested menu submenu vertical"> <li><a href="/join/">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/membership/">Membership</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/ways-to-give/">Ways to Give</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/donor-recognition/">Donor Recognition</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/institutional-supporters/">Institutional Supporters</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/volunteers/">Volunteers</a></li> </ul> <!-- /.menu.nested --> </li> <li class="search-icon desktop"> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512"> <g> <path d="M495,466.2L377.2,348.4c29.2-35.6,46.8-81.2,46.8-130.9C424,103.5,331.5,11,217.5,11C103.4,11,11,103.5,11,217.5 S103.4,424,217.5,424c49.7,0,95.2-17.5,130.8-46.7L466.1,495c8,8,20.9,8,28.9,0C503,487.1,503,474.1,495,466.2z M217.5,382.9 C126.2,382.9,52,308.7,52,217.5S126.2,52,217.5,52C308.7,52,383,126.3,383,217.5S308.7,382.9,217.5,382.9z" /> </g> </svg> </li> <li class="search-icon responsive"> <a href="#">Search <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512"> <g> <path d="M495,466.2L377.2,348.4c29.2-35.6,46.8-81.2,46.8-130.9C424,103.5,331.5,11,217.5,11C103.4,11,11,103.5,11,217.5 S103.4,424,217.5,424c49.7,0,95.2-17.5,130.8-46.7L466.1,495c8,8,20.9,8,28.9,0C503,487.1,503,474.1,495,466.2z M217.5,382.9 C126.2,382.9,52,308.7,52,217.5S126.2,52,217.5,52C308.7,52,383,126.3,383,217.5S308.7,382.9,217.5,382.9z" /> </g> </svg></a> </li> <li class="btn-nav-clear nav-display-desktop"> <a href="https://donate.computerhistory.org/computer-history-museum/" class="btn-nav btn-red chm-donate-popup">Donate</a> </li> <li class="btn-nav-clear nav-display-desktop"> <a href="https://connect.computerhistory.org" class="btn-nav btn-green ">Tickets</a> </li> </ul> <!-- /.menu --> </div> <div class="nav-section-top-menu"> <ul class="menu vertical large-horizontal top-menu" data-responsive-menu="drilldown large-dropdown"> <li> <a href="https://computerhistory.org/hours-admission/">Hours & Admission</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://computerhistory.org/subscribe/">Subscribe</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://computerhistory.org/chm-events/">Upcoming CHM Events</a> </li> </ul> <!-- /.menu --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="search-wrapper"> <div class="container"> <form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" class="searchform" action="https://computerhistory.org/"> <div> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="s">Search for:</label> <input type="text" value="" name="s" id="s" /> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Go" /> </div> </form> <a href="https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/search/" class="search-text">Or search the collection catalog <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="10" height="7" viewBox="0 0 10 7"> <defs> <path id="ehgga" d="M464.07 207.98h8.498v1.042h-8.498z" /> <path id="ehggb" d="M470.208 211.99l-.768-.73 2.906-2.76-2.906-2.76.768-.73 3.673 3.49z" /> </defs> <g> <g transform="translate(-464 -205)"> <g> <use fill="#175e61" xlink:href="#ehgga" /> </g> <g> <use fill="#175e61" xlink:href="#ehggb" /> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </header> <!-- c-hero --> <section class="hero hero--with-image"> <div class="container"> <div class="hero__wrapper"> <div class="hero__img-holder"> <div class="hero__img" style="background-image: url('https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Fairchild-Books-Press-Release-011-980x552-c-default.jpg');"></div> </div> <div class="hero__content"> <div class="content"> <div id="breadcrumbs"><span><span><a href="https://computerhistory.org/">Home</a></span></span></div> <h1>Special Interest Groups</h1> </div> <div class="hero__pattern"> <img src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/assets/img/basic-page-core-memory.svg" alt=""> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="container"> <section class="image-besides-text left"> <div class="chm-image"> <div class="image-bt__image" style="background: url('https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/102716281p-03-01-540x406-c-default.jpg') center center no-repeat;"></div> </div> <div class="image-bt__content-wrapper"> <div class="image-bt__content"> <h2>Semiconductor Special Interest Group</h2> <p>The Semiconductor Special Interest Group (Semi SIG) comprises academic, industry, and professional volunteers who augment the work of CHM staff in identifying, collecting, documenting, and exhibiting the impact of semiconductor technology on the history of computing.</p> <p><a href="/semiconductor-sig-contact-form/">Contact the Semi SIG</a></p> </div> </div> </section> <section class="image-besides-text right"> <div class="chm-image"> <div class="image-bt__image" style="background: url('https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/SC-027-540x406-c-default.jpg') center center no-repeat;"></div> </div> <div class="image-bt__content-wrapper"> <div class="image-bt__content"> <h2>Software Special Interest Group</h2> <p>The Software Special Interest Group is dedicated to preserving, collecting, and exploring the history of聽 software, including companies, people, products, and events that shaped the computer software and services industry.聽</p> <p><a href="http://www.softwarehistory.org">Software Industry</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.softwarepreservation.org/">Software Preservation</a></p> </div> </div> </section> <section class="image-besides-text left"> <div class="chm-image"> <div class="image-bt__image" style="background: url('https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Core-002-540x406-c-default.jpg') center center no-repeat;"></div> </div> <div class="image-bt__content-wrapper"> <div class="image-bt__content"> <h2>Storage Special Interest Group</h2> <p>The Storage Special Interest Group (Storage SIG) bring decades of knowledge and experience from the global storage industry, including disk, tape and storage system companies, as well as from leading independent industry consultancies. Group members have conducted many oral histories of industry pioneers and written detailed histories of major events in the storage world.聽</p> <p><a href="/storage-sig-contact-form/">Contact the Storage SIG</a></p> </div> </div> </section> </div> <!-- more stories --> <section class="more-stories"> <div class="container"> <h2 class="more-stories__title">Explore More</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="more-stories__column" style="background: url('https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/500004791-03-01-477x268-c-default.jpg') center center no-repeat;"> <a href="/siliconengine/"> <div class="more-stories__text"> <span class="more-stories__text-title">The Silicon Engine: A Timeline of Semiconductors in Computers</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="more-stories__column" style="background: url('https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/tally-sticks-477x268-c-default.jpg') center center no-repeat;"> <a href="/storageengine/"> <div class="more-stories__text"> <span class="more-stories__text-title">The Storage Engine: A Timeline of Milestones in Storage Technology</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="more-stories__column" style="background: url('https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Shustek-049-477x268-c-default.jpg') center center no-repeat;"> <a href="/restorations/"> <div class="more-stories__text"> <span class="more-stories__text-title">Computer Restorations </span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="more-stories__column" style="background: url('https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Tesler_demo-477x268-c-default.jpg') center center no-repeat;"> <a href="/oral-histories/"> <div class="more-stories__text"> <span class="more-stories__text-title">Oral Histories</span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <!-- more stories --> <div class="social-share__wrapper"> <div class="container social-share mobile"> <h2>Share</h2> <div class="addtoany_shortcode"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_ addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://computerhistory.org/special-interest-groups/" data-a2a-title="Special Interest Groups"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fcomputerhistory.org%2Fspecial-interest-groups%2F&linkname=Special%20Interest%20Groups" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><img src="/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/assets/img/share_icons/facebook.png" width="32" alt="Facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fcomputerhistory.org%2Fspecial-interest-groups%2F&linkname=Special%20Interest%20Groups" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><img src="/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/assets/img/share_icons/twitter.png" width="32" alt="Twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/copy_link?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fcomputerhistory.org%2Fspecial-interest-groups%2F&linkname=Special%20Interest%20Groups" title="Copy Link" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><img src="/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/assets/img/share_icons/link.png" width="32" alt="Copy Link"></a></div></div> </div> </div> <footer class="footer"> <div class="footer__top"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer-content-3"> <a class="logo" href="https://computerhistory.org" title="Computer History Museum home link"><img src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/assets/img/chm-logo-short.svg" alt="Computer History Museum Logo"></a> <div class="footer-term-conditions desktop"> <ul class="menu"> <li class="no-link"> <a href="#">CHM is a registered 501(c)3 organization. Your donation is tax-deductible to the extent permitted by law.</a> </li> <li class="no-link"> <a href="#">Tax ID 77-0507525.</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://computerhistory.org/terms/">Terms of Use</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://computerhistory.org/privacy/">Privacy</a> </li> <li class="no-link"> <a href="#">漏 2024 Computer History Museum</a> </li> </ul> <!-- /.menu --> </div> </div> <div class="footer-content-4"> <div class="menu_one"> <ul class="menu" data-responsive-menu="drilldown large-dropdown"> <li> <a href="/press-releases/">Press</a> </li> <li> <a href="/jobs/">Careers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://computerhistory.org/venue/">Venue</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu_two"> <ul class="menu" data-responsive-menu="drilldown large-dropdown"> <li> <a href="/events/">Events</a> </li> <li> <a href="/stories/">Stories</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://computerhistory.org/donate-now/">Donate</a> </li> </ul> <!-- /.menu --> </div> </div> <div class="footer-content-5"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Hours and Directions</h2> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="/make-plan/">Hours & Directions</a></p> <p>1401 N. Shoreline Blvd.</p> <p>Mountain View, CA 94043</p> <p><a href="tel:+16508101010">(650) 810-1010</a></p> <p> </p> <p><a href="/contact-us/">More Contact Info</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div id="pum-30192" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-20380 pum-theme-lightbox popmake-overlay pum-click-to-close click_open" data-popmake="{"id":30192,"slug":"donate-button-trigger","theme_id":20380,"cookies":[],"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":".chm-donate-popup"}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"normal","responsive_min_width":"px","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"100%","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"640px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":false,"location":"center","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"100","position_left":"0","position_bottom":"0","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":"1","esc_press":"1","f4_press":"1"},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-30192" class="pum-container popmake theme-20380 pum-responsive pum-responsive-normal responsive size-normal"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <p><iframe id="wegiveembed" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px; height: 675px; width: 100%;" title="Online Donations Form" src="https://donate.computerhistory.org/computer-history-museum/checkout/donor-portal-checkout-p" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" allowpaymentrequest="true" allow="payment"></iframe></p> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> × </button> </div> </div> <div id="pum-30970" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-30972 pum-theme-chm popmake-overlay pum-overlay-disabled auto_open click_open" data-popmake="{"id":30970,"slug":"chatbot-announcement","theme_id":30972,"cookies":[{"event":"on_popup_close","settings":{"name":"pum-30970","key":"","session":false,"path":"1","time":"1 month"}}],"triggers":[{"type":"auto_open","settings":{"cookie_name":["pum-30970"],"delay":"0"}},{"type":"click_open","settings":{"extra_selectors":"","cookie_name":null}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":"1","overlay_disabled":"1","scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"custom","responsive_min_width":"0px","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"100px","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"100%","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"68px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":"1","location":"center top","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"0","position_left":"10","position_bottom":"20","position_right":"10","position_fixed":"1","animation_type":"fadeAndSlide","animation_speed":"300","animation_origin":"top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"999999999999"},"close":{"text":"X","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":false,"esc_press":false,"f4_press":false},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-30970" class="pum-container popmake theme-30972 size-custom pum-position-fixed"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <div> <style> .ccfire { font-family: "DIN_1451 LT W01 Engschrift", Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif !important; } .ccfire br { display: none; } .ccsmall {font-size: 17px;} </style> <p class="ccfire" style="text-align: center; color: #ffffff;"><a class="ccfire" style="font-size: 26px; text-transform: uppercase; color: #ffffff;" href="https://donate.computerhistory.org/computer-history-museum/campaign-fundraisers/giving-tuesday-2024"><br /> Celebrate Giving Tuesday with us! <u>Support CHM</u><br /> </a></p> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> X </button> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.2" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="popup-maker-site-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var pum_vars = {"version":"1.18.5","pm_dir_url":"https:\/\/computerhistory.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/popup-maker\/","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/computerhistory.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","restapi":"https:\/\/computerhistory.org\/wp-json\/pum\/v1","rest_nonce":null,"default_theme":"20379","debug_mode":"","disable_tracking":"","home_url":"\/","message_position":"top","core_sub_forms_enabled":"1","popups":[],"cookie_domain":"","analytics_route":"analytics","analytics_api":"https:\/\/computerhistory.org\/wp-json\/pum\/v1"}; var pum_sub_vars = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/computerhistory.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","message_position":"top"}; var pum_popups = {"pum-30192":{"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":".chm-donate-popup"}}],"cookies":[],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"20380","size":"normal","responsive_min_width":"px","responsive_max_width":"100%","custom_width":"640px","custom_height_auto":false,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center","position_top":"100","position_bottom":"0","position_left":"0","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":"0","close_on_overlay_click":true,"close_on_esc_press":true,"close_on_f4_press":true,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"lightbox","id":30192,"slug":"donate-button-trigger"},"pum-30970":{"triggers":[{"type":"auto_open","settings":{"cookie_name":["pum-30970"],"delay":"0"}}],"cookies":[{"event":"on_popup_close","settings":{"name":"pum-30970","key":"","session":false,"path":"1","time":"1 month"}}],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"30972","size":"custom","responsive_min_width":"0px","responsive_max_width":"100px","custom_width":"100%","custom_height_auto":true,"custom_height":"68px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fadeAndSlide","animation_speed":"300","animation_origin":"top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"0","position_bottom":"20","position_left":"10","position_right":"10","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":true,"overlay_disabled":true,"stackable":true,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"999999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":"0","close_on_overlay_click":false,"close_on_esc_press":false,"close_on_f4_press":false,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"chm","id":30970,"slug":"chatbot-announcement"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/pum/pum-site-scripts.js?defer&generated=1733176601&ver=1.18.5" id="popup-maker-site-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=5.9.3" id="swv-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = {"api":{"root":"https:\/\/computerhistory.org\/wp-json\/","namespace":"contact-form-7\/v1"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=5.9.3" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="gforms_recaptcha_recaptcha-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gforms_recaptcha_recaptcha_strings = {"site_key":"6LemLLkUAAAAAAjc9RBh1WIYYyUREQ1QvL_YGx7w","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/computerhistory.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"206d266809"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LemLLkUAAAAAAjc9RBh1WIYYyUREQ1QvL_YGx7w&ver=1.4.1" id="gforms_recaptcha_recaptcha-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LemLLkUAAAAAAjc9RBh1WIYYyUREQ1QvL_YGx7w&ver=3.0" id="google-recaptcha-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill-inert.min.js?ver=3.1.2" id="wp-polyfill-inert-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/regenerator-runtime.min.js?ver=0.14.0" id="regenerator-runtime-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?ver=3.15.0" id="wp-polyfill-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7_recaptcha = {"sitekey":"6LemLLkUAAAAAAjc9RBh1WIYYyUREQ1QvL_YGx7w","actions":{"homepage":"homepage","contactform":"contactform"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/modules/recaptcha/index.js?ver=5.9.3" id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/assets/js/source.dev.js?ver=0.0.3" id="site-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function ($) { // Function to update margin-top based on popup height function updateMargins() { var popupHeight = $('#popmake-30970').outerHeight(); if (popupHeight > 0) { // Ensure popupHeight is valid $('body').css('margin-top', popupHeight + 'px'); $('header').css('margin-top', popupHeight + 'px'); } } // Adjust margin-top when popup opens $(document).on('pumAfterOpen', '#pum-30970', function () { updateMargins(); // Add a resize listener for the duration the popup is open $(window).on('resize.popup', function () { updateMargins(); }); }); // Reset margin-top when popup closes $(document).on('pumAfterClose', '#pum-30970', function () { $('body').css('margin-top', '0'); $('header').css('margin-top', '0'); // Remove the resize listener when the popup closes $(window).off('resize.popup'); }); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"3711322ece","applicationID":"406198101","transactionName":"MlYDZhdTWxJZAERcVwscIFERW1oPFxBZW18QXwBA","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":664,"atts":"HhEAEF9JSBw=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>