CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>William III of the Netherlands - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c80928b7-70d1-4b13-8e2b-b09849a539c8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"William_III_of_the_Netherlands","wgTitle":"William III of the Netherlands","wgCurRevisionId":1260019538,"wgRevisionId":1260019538,"wgArticleId":132730,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with Dutch-language sources (nl)","CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","CS1 errors: missing periodical","CS1 German-language sources (de)","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","CS1 Danish-language sources (da)","CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from November 2024", "Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2024","All articles containing potentially dated statements","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2012","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Commons category link is on Wikidata","1817 births","1890 deaths","House of Orange-Nassau","Princes of Orange","Princes of Orange-Nassau","19th-century Dutch monarchs","Grand dukes of Luxembourg","Dukes of Limburg","Protestant monarchs","Dutch members of the Dutch Reformed Church","Members of the Council of State (Netherlands)","Burials in the Royal Crypt at Nieuwe Kerk, Delft","Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion","Extra Knights Companion of the Garter","Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain","Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary","Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles", "Sons of kings"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"William_III_of_the_Netherlands","wgRelevantArticleId":132730,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId": "Q125649","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Portret_koning_Willem_III_door_Maria_Hille_HGA001008802_%28uitsnede%29.jpg/1200px-Portret_koning_Willem_III_door_Maria_Hille_HGA001008802_%28uitsnede%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1625"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Portret_koning_Willem_III_door_Maria_Hille_HGA001008802_%28uitsnede%29.jpg/800px-Portret_koning_Willem_III_door_Maria_Hille_HGA001008802_%28uitsnede%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1083"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Portret_koning_Willem_III_door_Maria_Hille_HGA001008802_%28uitsnede%29.jpg/640px-Portret_koning_Willem_III_door_Maria_Hille_HGA001008802_%28uitsnede%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="867"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="William III of the Netherlands - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-William_III_of_the_Netherlands rootpage-William_III_of_the_Netherlands skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=William+III+of+the+Netherlands" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=William+III+of+the+Netherlands" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=William+III+of+the+Netherlands" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=William+III+of+the+Netherlands" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Reign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_and_issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_and_issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Family and issue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_and_issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours_and_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours_and_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Honours and arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours_and_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ancestry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">William III of the Netherlands</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_III_van_Nederland" title="Willem III van Nederland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Willem III van Nederland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="فيليم الثالث ملك هولندا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيليم الثالث ملك هولندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guill%C3%A9n_III_d%27os_Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos" title="Guillén III d'os Países Baixos – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Guillén III d'os Países Baixos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillermu_III_de_los_Pa%C3%ADses_Baxos" title="Guillermu III de los Países Baxos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guillermu III de los Países Baxos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC_III" title="Вілем III – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вілем III" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC_III" title="Вилем III – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вилем III" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilim_III,_kralj_Holandije" title="Vilim III, kralj Holandije – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vilim III, kralj Holandije" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillem_III_dels_Pa%C3%AFsos_Baixos" title="Guillem III dels Països Baixos – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guillem III dels Països Baixos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vil%C3%A9m_III._Nizozemsk%C3%BD" title="Vilém III. Nizozemský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vilém III. Nizozemský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhelm_3._af_Nederlandene" title="Vilhelm 3. af Nederlandene – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vilhelm 3. af Nederlandene" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_III._(Niederlande)" title="Wilhelm III. (Niederlande) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wilhelm III. (Niederlande)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_III" title="Willem III – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Willem III" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%84_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89_%CE%A7%CF%89%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Γουλιέλμος Γ΄ των Κάτω Χωρών – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουλιέλμος Γ΄ των Κάτω Χωρών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillermo_III_de_los_Pa%C3%ADses_Bajos" title="Guillermo III de los Países Bajos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guillermo III de los Países Bajos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhelmo_la_3-a_(Nederlando)" title="Vilhelmo la 3-a (Nederlando) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vilhelmo la 3-a (Nederlando)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilen_III.a_Herbehereetakoa" title="Gilen III.a Herbehereetakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gilen III.a Herbehereetakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85" title="ویلیم سوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیم سوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_III_(roi_des_Pays-Bas)" title="Guillaume III (roi des Pays-Bas) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guillaume III (roi des Pays-Bas)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_III_fan_de_Nederlannen" title="Willem III fan de Nederlannen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Willem III fan de Nederlannen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillerme_III_dos_Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos" title="Guillerme III dos Países Baixos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Guillerme III dos Países Baixos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%8C%EB%9F%BC_3%EC%84%B8" title="빌럼 3세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빌럼 3세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B4_III_%D4%BC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3%D6%81%D5%AB" title="Վիլհելմ III Լյուքսեմբուրգցի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիլհելմ III Լյուքսեմբուրգցի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_la_3ma_di_Nederlando" title="Willem la 3ma di Nederlando – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Willem la 3ma di Nederlando" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_III_dari_Belanda" title="Willem III dari Belanda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Willem III dari Belanda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_III_dei_Paesi_Bassi" title="Guglielmo III dei Paesi Bassi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guglielmo III dei Paesi Bassi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="וילם השלישי, מלך הולנד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וילם השלישי, מלך הולנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_III" title="Willem III – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Willem III" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B_III_(%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98)" title="ვილემ III (ნიდერლანდები) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვილემ III (ნიდერლანდები)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_III_(rex_Nederlandiae)" title="Gulielmus III (rex Nederlandiae) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus III (rex Nederlandiae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villems_III" title="Villems III – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Villems III" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%ABllem_III._vun_Holland" title="Wëllem III. vun Holland – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wëllem III. vun Holland" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Vilmos_holland_kir%C3%A1ly" title="III. Vilmos holland király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="III. Vilmos holland király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="فيلم الثالث ملك هولندا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيلم الثالث ملك هولندا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_III_der_Nederlanden" title="Willem III der Nederlanden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Willem III der Nederlanden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AC%E3%83%A03%E4%B8%96_(%E3%82%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E7%8E%8B)" title="ウィレム3世 (オランダ王) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィレム3世 (オランダ王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhelm_III_av_Nederland" title="Vilhelm III av Nederland – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vilhelm III av Nederland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_III_di_Hulanda" title="Willem III di Hulanda – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Willem III di Hulanda" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_III_Holenderski" title="Wilhelm III Holenderski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wilhelm III Holenderski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guilherme_III_dos_Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos" title="Guilherme III dos Países Baixos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guilherme III dos Países Baixos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_al_III-lea_al_%C8%9A%C4%83rilor_de_Jos" title="Willem al III-lea al Țărilor de Jos – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Willem al III-lea al Țărilor de Jos" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC_III" title="Виллем III – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Виллем III" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_o_the_Netherlands" title="William III o the Netherlands – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="William III o the Netherlands" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" title="William III of the Netherlands – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="William III of the Netherlands" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC_III_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Вилем III од Холандије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вилем III од Холандије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_III_od_Nizozemske" title="Willem III od Nizozemske – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Willem III od Nizozemske" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhelm_III_(Alankomaat)" title="Vilhelm III (Alankomaat) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vilhelm III (Alankomaat)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhelm_III_av_Nederl%C3%A4nderna" title="Vilhelm III av Nederländerna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vilhelm III av Nederländerna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_III_(%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81)" title="வில்லியம் III (நெதர்லாந்து) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வில்லியம் III (நெதர்லாந்து)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_3_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="พระเจ้าวิลเลิมที่ 3 แห่งเนเธอร์แลนด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระเจ้าวิลเลิมที่ 3 แห่งเนเธอร์แลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Willem" title="III. Willem – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="III. Willem" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC_III" title="Віллем III – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Віллем III" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_III_c%E1%BB%A7a_H%C3%A0_Lan" title="Willem III của Hà Lan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Willem III của Hà Lan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0)" title="威廉三世 (尼德兰) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威廉三世 (尼德兰)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q125649#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:William_III_of_the_Netherlands" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&oldid=1260019538" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&id=1260019538&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWilliam_III_of_the_Netherlands"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWilliam_III_of_the_Netherlands"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q125649" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">King of the Netherlands from 1849 to 1890</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">William III</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Portret_koning_Willem_III_door_Maria_Hille_HGA001008802_(uitsnede).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Portret_koning_Willem_III_door_Maria_Hille_HGA001008802_%28uitsnede%29.jpg/220px-Portret_koning_Willem_III_door_Maria_Hille_HGA001008802_%28uitsnede%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Portret_koning_Willem_III_door_Maria_Hille_HGA001008802_%28uitsnede%29.jpg/330px-Portret_koning_Willem_III_door_Maria_Hille_HGA001008802_%28uitsnede%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Portret_koning_Willem_III_door_Maria_Hille_HGA001008802_%28uitsnede%29.jpg/440px-Portret_koning_Willem_III_door_Maria_Hille_HGA001008802_%28uitsnede%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2054" data-file-height="2781" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Photograph by <a href="/wiki/Maria_Hille" title="Maria Hille">Maria Hille</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1887</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Netherlands">King of the Netherlands</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">17 March 1849 – 23 November 1890</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_the_Dutch_monarch" title="Inauguration of the Dutch monarch">Inauguration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12 May 1849</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">William II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Wilhelmina</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Grand Duke of Luxembourg</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">17 March 1849 – 23 November 1890</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">William II</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adolphe,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Adolphe</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Limburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Limburg">Duke of Limburg</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">17 March 1849 – 23 August 1866</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">William II</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1817-02-19</span>)</span>19 February 1817<br /><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Nation" title="Palace of the Nation">Palace of the Nation</a>, Brussels, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 November 1890<span style="display:none">(1890-11-23)</span> (aged 73)<br /><a href="/wiki/Het_Loo_Palace" title="Het Loo Palace">Het Loo Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apeldoorn" title="Apeldoorn">Apeldoorn</a>, Netherlands</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data">4 December 1890<br /><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Kerk_(Delft)" title="Nieuwe Kerk (Delft)">Nieuwe Kerk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delft" title="Delft">Delft</a>, Netherlands</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Sophie of Württemberg">Sophie of Württemberg</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1839; died 1877)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont" title="Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont">Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1879)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Family_and_issue">among others...</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Orange" title="William, Prince of Orange">William, Prince of Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurice_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Maurice of the Netherlands">Prince Maurice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander,_Prince_of_Orange" title="Alexander, Prince of Orange">Alexander, Prince of Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">Orange-Nassau</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">William II of the Netherlands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Pavlovna_of_Russia" title="Anna Pavlovna of Russia">Anna Pavlovna of Russia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church" title="Dutch Reformed Church">Dutch Reformed Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_William_III_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="William III's signature"><img alt="William III's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Signature_of_William_III_of_the_Netherlands.svg/125px-Signature_of_William_III_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Signature_of_William_III_of_the_Netherlands.svg/188px-Signature_of_William_III_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Signature_of_William_III_of_the_Netherlands.svg/250px-Signature_of_William_III_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="140" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William III</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i>Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk</i>; English: <i>William Alexander Paul Frederick Louis</i>; 19 February 1817 – 23 November 1890) was <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Netherlands">King of the Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Grand Duke of Luxembourg</a> from 1849 until his death in 1890. He was also the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Limburg_(1839%E2%80%931866)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Limburg (1839–1866)">Duke of Limburg</a> from 1849 until the abolition of the duchy in 1866. </p><p>William was the son of <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">King William II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Pavlovna_of_Russia" title="Anna Pavlovna of Russia">Anna Pavlovna of Russia</a>. On the abdication of his grandfather William I in 1840, he became the <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Orange" title="Prince of Orange">Prince of Orange</a>. On the death of his father in 1849, he succeeded as king of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. </p><p>William married his cousin <a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Sophie of Württemberg">Sophie of Württemberg</a> in 1839 and they had three sons, <a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Orange" title="William, Prince of Orange">William</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurice_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Maurice of the Netherlands">Maurice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alexander,_Prince_of_Orange" title="Alexander, Prince of Orange">Alexander</a>, all of whom predeceased him. After Sophie's death in 1877 he married <a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont" title="Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont">Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont</a> in 1879 and they had one daughter <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Wilhelmina</a>, who succeeded William to the Dutch throne. Meanwhile, being the last agnatic dynastic descendant of <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Count_of_Nassau" title="Otto I, Count of Nassau">Otto I, Count of Nassau</a>, the throne of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Luxembourg">Grand Duchy of Luxembourg</a> passed to his patrilineal seventeenth cousin once removed (and matrilineal third cousin), <a href="/wiki/Adolphe,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Adolphe</a>. As of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, he is the last Dutch monarch to die whilst on the throne as all his successors have abdicated in favor of their children. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Baptist_van_der_Hulst_-_Koning_Willem_II_en_familie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Jan_Baptist_van_der_Hulst_-_Koning_Willem_II_en_familie.jpg/220px-Jan_Baptist_van_der_Hulst_-_Koning_Willem_II_en_familie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Jan_Baptist_van_der_Hulst_-_Koning_Willem_II_en_familie.jpg/330px-Jan_Baptist_van_der_Hulst_-_Koning_Willem_II_en_familie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Jan_Baptist_van_der_Hulst_-_Koning_Willem_II_en_familie.jpg/440px-Jan_Baptist_van_der_Hulst_-_Koning_Willem_II_en_familie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3583" data-file-height="2315" /></a><figcaption><i>King <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">William II</a> and his family</i> (1832) by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Baptist_van_der_Hulst" title="Jan Baptist van der Hulst">Jan Baptist van der Hulst</a> with William III on the far left</figcaption></figure> <p>William was born on 19 February 1817 in the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Nation" title="Palace of the Nation">Palace of the Nation</a> in Brussels,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was part of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> at the time. He was the eldest son of the future king <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">William II of the Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Pavlovna_of_Russia" title="Anna Pavlovna of Russia">Anna Pavlovna of Russia</a>. He had three brothers, one of whom died in infancy, and one sister.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William was particularly close to his brother <a href="/wiki/Prince_Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Alexander of the Netherlands">Alexander</a>, who was only 18 months his junior and for the most part was raised alongside him. As adults the two princes shared a passion for outdoor pursuits like shooting, riding and <a href="/wiki/Falconry" title="Falconry">falconry</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse racing</a>. Both were active members of the Royal Loo Hawking Club, which drew a large crowd of hunting enthusiasts to <a href="/wiki/Het_Loo_Palace" title="Het Loo Palace">Het Loo Palace</a> during the 1840s and early 1850s. William and Alexander also shared a deep frustration at not being given any meaningful tasks in the military. Alexander, who had a lively, amiable, tactful personality, got on well with his hot headed, capricious brother. His death at age 29 was a great loss to William, who counted him a true friend. He never became close to his youngest brother <a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry_of_the_Netherlands_(1820%E2%80%931879)" title="Prince Henry of the Netherlands (1820–1879)">Henry</a>, who was painfully shy, easily embarrassed and anxious to avoid incurring William's wrath.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>William and his brothers were raised by military men (their governors were distinguished officers decorated with the <a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_William" title="Military Order of William">Military Order of William</a>) and expected to join the military. In 1827, at the age of ten, William was made an honorary <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">colonel</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Army" title="Royal Netherlands Army">Royal Netherlands Army</a> by his grandfather. In the 1830s, he served as lieutenant in the <a href="/wiki/Grenadiers%27_and_Rifles_Guard_Regiment" title="Grenadiers' and Rifles Guard Regiment">Grenadiers Regiment</a> and studied at <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden University</a> for a while, though without attempting to attain any degree. In 1834, during a visit to his maternal uncle <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Tsar Nicholas I</a>, he was made honorary commander of the Grenadiers Regiment of Kiev nr. 5 in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Imperial Russian Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He married his first cousin, <a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Sophie of Württemberg">Sophie</a>, daughter of King <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="William I of Württemberg">William I of Württemberg</a> and Grand Duchess <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Pavlovna_of_Russia" title="Catherine Pavlovna of Russia">Catherine Pavlovna of Russia</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> on 18 June 1839. This marriage was unhappy and was characterized by struggles about their children. Sophie was a liberal intellectual, hating everything leaning toward dictatorship, such as the army. William was simpler, more conservative, and loved the military. He prohibited intellectual exercise at home, for which action <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom">Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom</a>, who corresponded with Princess Sophie, called him an uneducated farmer.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> His extramarital enthusiasms, however, led the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> to call him "the greatest debauchee of the age".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another cause of marital tension (and later political tension) was his capriciousness; he could rage against someone one day, and be extremely polite the next. The situation was made worse by Sophie, who made no secret of the fact she had never wanted to marry William in the first place and considered herself intellectually superior to him. She could be very dramatic, often complaining about her suffering and her wish to die and expressing negative opinions about pretty much everyone who crossed her path in The Netherlands, especially her inlaws.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>William struggled with his position as heir to the throne. Upon his father's investiture as king in 1840 he was made Inspector-General of Infantry and promoted to Lieutenant-General. The position was purely honorary and William relinquished it only 5 years later. His father gave him no role in politics and did little to prepare him for his future role. </p><p>William loathed the 1848 constitutional changes initiated by his father (<a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">William II</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Johan_Rudolf_Thorbecke" class="mw-redirect" title="Johan Rudolf Thorbecke">Johan Rudolf Thorbecke</a>. His father saw them as key to the monarchy's survival in changing times. Sophie, who was a liberal, also shared this view. William himself saw them as useless limitations of royal power, and would have preferred to govern as an <a href="/wiki/Enlightened_despot" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlightened despot">enlightened despot</a> in the mold of his grandfather, <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William I</a>. </p><p>He considered relinquishing his right to the throne to his older son. His mother convinced him to cancel this action. The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch constitution">Dutch constitution</a> provided no way to relinquish one's claim to the throne. </p><p>On 17 March 1849, his father died and William succeeded to the throne of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. He was at that moment a guest of the Duchess of Cleveland in <a href="/wiki/Raby_Castle" title="Raby Castle">Raby Castle</a>. Representatives of the Dutch government traveled to London to meet their new king. William was reluctant to return, but he was convinced to do so. Upon arrival the new queen welcomed her spouse with the question "did you accept?". The new king nodded, but he remained uncertain about the matter for some time.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 202px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 200px; height: 200px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -5px; left: -4px; width: 410px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Netherlands-1850-proof.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="William III depicted on a 20 gulden proof gold coin (1850)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Netherlands-1850-proof.jpg/410px-Netherlands-1850-proof.jpg" decoding="async" width="410" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Netherlands-1850-proof.jpg/615px-Netherlands-1850-proof.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Netherlands-1850-proof.jpg/820px-Netherlands-1850-proof.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4931" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Netherlands-1850-proof.jpg" title="File:Netherlands-1850-proof.jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">William III depicted on a 20 gulden proof gold coin (1850)</div> </div> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Willem_III_(1817-90),_koning_der_Nederlanden,_Nicolaas_Pieneman,_1856,_Rijksmuseum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Willem_III_%281817-90%29%2C_koning_der_Nederlanden%2C_Nicolaas_Pieneman%2C_1856%2C_Rijksmuseum.jpg/220px-Willem_III_%281817-90%29%2C_koning_der_Nederlanden%2C_Nicolaas_Pieneman%2C_1856%2C_Rijksmuseum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Willem_III_%281817-90%29%2C_koning_der_Nederlanden%2C_Nicolaas_Pieneman%2C_1856%2C_Rijksmuseum.jpg/330px-Willem_III_%281817-90%29%2C_koning_der_Nederlanden%2C_Nicolaas_Pieneman%2C_1856%2C_Rijksmuseum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Willem_III_%281817-90%29%2C_koning_der_Nederlanden%2C_Nicolaas_Pieneman%2C_1856%2C_Rijksmuseum.jpg/440px-Willem_III_%281817-90%29%2C_koning_der_Nederlanden%2C_Nicolaas_Pieneman%2C_1856%2C_Rijksmuseum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4764" data-file-height="7040" /></a><figcaption>Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Pieneman" title="Nicolaas Pieneman">Nicolaas Pieneman</a>, 1856</figcaption></figure> <p>William repeatedly contemplated abdicating as soon as his eldest son <a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Orange" title="William, Prince of Orange">William, Prince of Orange</a>, turned eighteen. This occurred in 1858, but as William was uncomfortable making a decision he remained king. His first act was the inauguration of the parliamentary cabinet of Thorbecke, the liberal designer of the 1848 constitution, whom William loathed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> hierarchy of bishops was restored in 1853, he found growing conservative support and a reason to dismiss Thorbecke. In the first two decades of his reign, he dismissed several cabinets and disbanded the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_States-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands States-General">States-General</a> several times, installing royal cabinets which ruled as long as there was support in the elected <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">second chamber of parliament</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In what became known as the "<a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Coup_of_1856" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg Coup of 1856">Luxembourg Coup of 1856</a>", William unilaterally instituted <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Luxembourg" title="Constitution of Luxembourg">a new, reactionary constitution</a> for <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, which he ruled personally, separate from the Netherlands crown.<sup id="cite_ref-Proposition_de_revision_portant_modification_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Proposition_de_revision_portant_modification-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1867, <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">France</a> offered to buy Luxembourg, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Crisis" title="Luxembourg Crisis">Luxembourg Crisis</a>, which almost precipitated war between <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> and France. However, the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1867)" title="Treaty of London (1867)">Second Treaty of London</a> confirmed Luxembourg as a fully independent country.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During his reign, the king became more and more unpopular with his bourgeois-liberal subjects, his whims provoking their resistance and mockery, but remained quite popular with the common man.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The king was a man of immense stature and with a boisterous voice. He could be gentle and kind, then suddenly he could become intimidating and even violent. He kicked and hit his servants about. He was inclined to terrorize and humiliate his courtiers. The king was cruel to animals as well. His ministers were afraid of him. Most people around him agreed that he was, to some degree, insane.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_William_III_and_Queen_Emma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/King_William_III_and_Queen_Emma.jpg/170px-King_William_III_and_Queen_Emma.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/King_William_III_and_Queen_Emma.jpg/255px-King_William_III_and_Queen_Emma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/King_William_III_and_Queen_Emma.jpg/340px-King_William_III_and_Queen_Emma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="1130" /></a><figcaption>Queen <a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont" title="Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont">Emma</a> and King William III</figcaption></figure> <p>The king could be erratic, he ordered the dismissal and even the arrest and execution of those that he found in lack of respect, including a Mayor of The Hague. Orders like these were disregarded. The king who thought of himself as a specialist on all matters military frequently tried to take command of manoeuvres, creating chaos wherever he went.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1877, Queen Sophie died and years of war in the palace came to an end. In the same year, King William announced his intention to marry <a href="/wiki/%C3%89milie_Ambre" title="Émilie Ambre">Émilie Ambre</a>, a French opera singer, whom he ennobled as countess d'Ambroise – without government consent. Under pressure from society and the government, he abandoned these marriage plans.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>William remained eager to remarry. In 1878, he first proposed to his niece, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Elisabeth_Sybille_of_Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Elisabeth Sybille of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach">Princess Elisabeth Sybille of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach</a>. He then considered marriage with <a href="/wiki/Princess_Pauline_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont" title="Princess Pauline of Waldeck and Pyrmont">Princess Pauline of Waldeck and Pyrmont</a>, a small German <a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">principality</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Thyra_of_Denmark" title="Princess Thyra of Denmark">Princess Thyra of Denmark</a>, who had her own private scandalous history.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>He finally decided to marry Pauline's younger sister <a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont" title="Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont">Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont</a>. Some politicians were quite angry, as she was 41 years the king's junior. Emma showed herself, however, as a cordial woman. William asked permission from <a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">parliament</a>, this was easily granted. The couple were quickly married in <a href="/wiki/Bad_Arolsen" title="Bad Arolsen">Bad Arolsen</a> on 7 January 1879.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Emma had a relieving influence on William's capricious personality and the marriage was extremely happy. The last decade was without any doubt the best of his reign.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The king had stopped interfering with most aspects of government. In 1880, <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Wilhelmina</a> was born. She became <a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">heir presumptive</a> in 1884 after the death of the last remaining son from William's first marriage. Many potential male heirs had died between 1878 and 1884.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>King William became seriously ill in 1887. He was suffering from a kidney-ailment. However, in 1888, he personally presented a gold medal of honor to the lifeboat hero <a href="/wiki/Dorus_Rijkers" title="Dorus Rijkers">Dorus Rijkers</a>, for saving the lives of 20 people.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Willem3_begrafenis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Willem3_begrafenis.jpg/220px-Willem3_begrafenis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Willem3_begrafenis.jpg/330px-Willem3_begrafenis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Willem3_begrafenis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="308" /></a><figcaption>Funeral of William III in 1890</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1888 and 1889, the ailing king became increasingly <a href="/wiki/Demented" class="mw-redirect" title="Demented">demented</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Netherlands)" title="Council of State (Netherlands)">Council of State</a> and then Queen Emma became <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regents</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William III died at <a href="/wiki/Het_Loo_Palace" title="Het Loo Palace">Het Loo Palace</a> in 1890. Because Wilhelmina had not yet reached adulthood, Emma became <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> for her daughter. She would remain regent until Wilhelmina's eighteenth birthday in 1898.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_and_issue">Family and issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family and issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Of William III's four legitimate children, three reached adulthood, two sons from his marriage to Queen Sophie and one daughter from his marriage to Queen Emma: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Orange" title="William, Prince of Orange"><i>Willem</i> Nicolaas Alexander Frederik Karel Hendrik</a> (1840–1879). Heir apparent to the Throne from 1849 till his death.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurice_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Maurice of the Netherlands">Willem Frederik <i>Maurits</i> Alexander Hendrik Karel</a> (1843–1850).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander,_Prince_of_Orange" title="Alexander, Prince of Orange">Willem <i>Alexander</i> Karel Hendrik Frederik</a> (1851–1884). Heir apparent to the Throne from 1879 till his death.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria</a> (1880–1962). Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 to 1948.</li></ul> <p>Standing at 6'5" (196 cm) he was an exceptionally large and strong man.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William III was known to be a philanderer and had several dozen illegitimate children from various mistresses.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours_and_arms">Honours and arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Honours and arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_William_I-III_of_the_Netherlands_and_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Royal_Monogram_of_William_I-III_of_the_Netherlands_and_Luxembourg.svg/130px-Royal_Monogram_of_William_I-III_of_the_Netherlands_and_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Royal_Monogram_of_William_I-III_of_the_Netherlands_and_Luxembourg.svg/195px-Royal_Monogram_of_William_I-III_of_the_Netherlands_and_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Royal_Monogram_of_William_I-III_of_the_Netherlands_and_Luxembourg.svg/260px-Royal_Monogram_of_William_I-III_of_the_Netherlands_and_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="295" /></a><figcaption>Monogram of King William III</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>National orders and decorations</dt></dl> <ul><li>Founder and Joint Grand Master of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Gold_Lion_of_the_House_of_Nassau" title="Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau">Order of the Gold Lion of Nassau</a>, <i>16 March 1858</i><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt>Foreign orders and decorations</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Andrew" title="Order of St. Andrew">Knight of St. Andrew</a>, <i>7 April 1817</i></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Black_Eagle" title="Order of the Black Eagle">Knight of the Black Eagle</a>, <i>29 December 1833</i>; with Collar, <i>1878</i></li> <li>Grand Commander's Cross of the Royal <a href="/wiki/House_Order_of_Hohenzollern" title="House Order of Hohenzollern">House Order of Hohenzollern</a>, <i>24 August 1878</i></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Hanover_1837-1866.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hanover_1837-1866.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Hanover_1837-1866.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hanover_1837-1866.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Hanover_1837-1866.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hanover_1837-1866.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Kingdom of Hanover</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Guelphic_Order" title="Royal Guelphic Order">Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order</a>, <i>1836</i><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._George_(Hanover)" title="Order of St. George (Hanover)">Knight of St. George</a>, <i>1849</i><sup id="cite_ref-Hannover1865_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hannover1865-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/23px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/35px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/46px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_(W%C3%BCrttemberg)" title="Order of the Crown (Württemberg)">Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown</a>, <i>1838</i><sup id="cite_ref-Landesamt1877_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Landesamt1877-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Order of the Golden Fleece">Knight of the Golden Fleece</a>, <i>February 1842</i><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg/35px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg/45px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach" title="Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach">Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Falcon" title="Order of the White Falcon">Grand Cross of the White Falcon</a>, <i>17 April 1843</i><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>: Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Belgium)" title="Order of Leopold (Belgium)">Order of Leopold</a> (civil), <i>15 April 1849</i><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg/23px-Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg/35px-Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg/46px-Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg/21px-Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg/32px-Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg/41px-Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden-Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweden-Norway">Sweden-Norway</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Seraphim" title="Order of the Seraphim">Knight of the Seraphim</a>, <i>23 May 1849</i><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Olav" title="Order of St. Olav">Grand Cross of St. Olav</a>, <i>18 March 1851</i><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>: <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Elephant" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Elephant">Knight of the Elephant</a>, <i>24 August 1849</i><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>: Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Stephen_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Stephen of Hungary">Order of St. Stephen</a>, <i>1849</i><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse"><img alt="Hesse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Hesse" title="Electorate of Hesse">Electorate of Hesse</a>: <a href="/wiki/House_Order_of_the_Golden_Lion_(Hesse-Kassel)" class="mw-redirect" title="House Order of the Golden Lion (Hesse-Kassel)">Knight of the Golden Lion</a>, <i>30 May 1858</i><sup id="cite_ref-Hessen-Kassel1859_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hessen-Kassel1859-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/19px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/29px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/38px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse" title="Grand Duchy of Hesse">Grand Duchy of Hesse</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Order" title="Ludwig Order">Ludwig Order</a>, <i>29 December 1858</i><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flagge_Herzogtum_Nassau_%281806-1866%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Nassau_%281806-1866%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flagge_Herzogtum_Nassau_%281806-1866%29.svg/35px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Nassau_%281806-1866%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flagge_Herzogtum_Nassau_%281806-1866%29.svg/45px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Nassau_%281806-1866%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Nassau" title="Duchy of Nassau">Nassau</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Adolphe_of_Nassau" title="Order of Adolphe of Nassau">Grand Cross of Adolphe of Nassau</a>, with Swords, <i>June 1858</i><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg/46px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden" title="Grand Duchy of Baden">Baden</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Knight of the <a href="/wiki/House_Order_of_Fidelity" title="House Order of Fidelity">House Order of Fidelity</a>, <i>1858</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Z%C3%A4hringer_Lion" title="Order of the Zähringer Lion">Grand Cross of the Zähringer Lion</a>, <i>1858</i></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Hubert" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Hubert">Knight of St. Hubert</a>, <i>1861</i><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg/23px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg/35px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg/45px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Kingdom of Saxony</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Rue_Crown" title="Order of the Rue Crown">Knight of the Rue Crown</a>, <i>1862</i><sup id="cite_ref-Sachsen1866_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sachsen1866-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Mexican Empire</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Imperial_Orders#Imperial_Order_of_the_Mexican_Eagle" title="Mexican Imperial Orders">Grand Cross of the Mexican Eagle</a>, with Collar, <i>1865</i><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint-Charles" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint-Charles">Grand Cross of St. Charles</a>, <i>13 April 1875</i><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Saxe-Coburg and Gotha"><img alt="Saxe-Coburg and Gotha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg/35px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg/45px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxe-Altenburg" title="Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg"><img alt="Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Saxe-Altenburg_%281893-1918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saxe-Altenburg_%281893-1918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Saxe-Altenburg_%281893-1918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saxe-Altenburg_%281893-1918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Saxe-Altenburg_%281893-1918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saxe-Altenburg_%281893-1918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Meiningen" title="Saxe-Meiningen"><img alt="Saxe-Meiningen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg/35px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg/45px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ernestine_duchies" title="Ernestine duchies">Ernestine duchies</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Saxe-Ernestine_House_Order" title="Saxe-Ernestine House Order">Saxe-Ernestine House Order</a>, <i>1878</i><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>: Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Chrysanthemum" title="Order of the Chrysanthemum">Order of the Chrysanthemum</a>, <i>7 May 1880</i><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Garter">Knight of the Garter</a>, <i>24 April 1882</i><sup id="cite_ref-p66_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p66-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a>: <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Knight of the Annunciation</a>, <i>2 January 1883</i><sup id="cite_ref-dell'interno1889_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dell'interno1889-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Tower_and_Sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the Tower and Sword">Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword</a><sup id="cite_ref-TowerAndSword_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TowerAndSword-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dutch_monarchs_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch monarchs family tree">Dutch monarchs family tree</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of William III of the Netherlands</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/William_V,_Prince_of_Orange" title="William V, Prince of Orange">William V, Prince of Orange</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William I of the Netherlands</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_Prussia,_Princess_of_Orange" title="Wilhelmina of Prussia, Princess of Orange">Princess Wilhelmina of Prussia</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">William II of the Netherlands</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_II_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William II of Prussia">Frederick William II of Prussia</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmine_of_Prussia,_Queen_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands">Princess Wilhelmine of Prussia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/wiki/Frederica_Louisa_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" title="Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt">Princess Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>William III of the Netherlands</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Peter_III_of_Russia" title="Peter III of Russia">Peter III of Russia</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Paul I of Russia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Catherine_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine II of Russia">Catherine II of Russia</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anna_Pavlovna_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia">Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_Eugene,_Duke_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg">Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Duchess_Sophie_Dorothea_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg">Duchess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Friederike_of_Brandenburg-Schwedt" title="Princess Friederike of Brandenburg-Schwedt">Princess Friederike of Brandenburg-Schwedt</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llxqm0r6/koning_willem_iii_willem_alexander_paul">Z.M. (koning Willem III) Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk, koning der Nederlanden, groothertog van Luxemburg, prins van Oranje-Nassau</a>, <i>Parlement & Politiek</i>. Retrieved on 21 February 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llxqm0r5/koning_willem_ii_koning_willem_frederik">Z.M. (koning Willem II) koning Willem Frederik George Lodewijk, koning der Nederlanden, groothertog van Luxemburg, hertog van Limburg, prins van Oranje-Nassau</a>, <i>Parlement & Politiek</i>. Retrieved on 21 February 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWinter-Agterhuis2024" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Winter-Agterhuis, Tessa de (1 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aup-online.com/content/journals/10.5117/TvG2024.1.005.WINT">"Onze Sasja is niet meer: Het verlies van een veelbelovende prins in het revolutiejaar 1848"</a>. <i>Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis</i> (in Dutch). <b>137</b> (1): 64–83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5117%2FTvG2024.1.005.WINT">10.5117/TvG2024.1.005.WINT</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-7518">0040-7518</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tijdschrift+voor+Geschiedenis&rft.atitle=Onze+Sasja+is+niet+meer%3A+Het+verlies+van+een+veelbelovende+prins+in+het+revolutiejaar+1848&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=64-83&rft.date=2024-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5117%2FTvG2024.1.005.WINT&rft.issn=0040-7518&rft.aulast=Winter-Agterhuis&rft.aufirst=Tessa+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aup-online.com%2Fcontent%2Fjournals%2F10.5117%2FTvG2024.1.005.WINT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectie.legermuseum.nl/sites/strategion/contents/i004547/arma13%20koninklijke%20ere-commandos.pdf">Koninklijke ere-commando's en militaire erefuncties</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120316025345/http://www.collectie.legermuseum.nl/sites/strategion/contents/i004547/arma13%20koninklijke%20ere-commandos.pdf">Archived</a> 16 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nationaal_Militair_Museum" title="Nationaal Militair Museum">Nationaal Militair Museum</a>. Retrieved on 21 February 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1897/09/26/102085397.pdf">"Holland's Queen"</a> - <i>New York Times</i> 26 September 1897</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dik van der Meulen, William III Biography 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Proposition_de_revision_portant_modification-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Proposition_de_revision_portant_modification_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forum.lu/pdf/artikel/5921_261_Huberty.pdf">"Proposition de revision portant modification et nouvel ordonnancement de la constitution du Luxembourg"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>. 26 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proposition+de+revision+portant+modification+et+nouvel+ordonnancement+de+la+constitution+du+Luxembourg&rft.pub=Council+of+Europe&rft.date=2009-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forum.lu%2Fpdf%2Fartikel%2F5921_261_Huberty.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElzinga2007" class="citation book cs1">Elzinga, D. J., ed. (2007). <i>The Dutch constitutional monarchy in a changing Europe</i>. Kluwer. pp. 125 & 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-13-04866-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-13-04866-7"><bdi>978-90-13-04866-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dutch+constitutional+monarchy+in+a+changing+Europe&rft.pages=125+%26+129&rft.pub=Kluwer&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-13-04866-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanssens2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Janssens, A. L. J. (2008). <i>Uitingsdelicten</i> (in Dutch). Kluwer. p. 177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-13-04880-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-13-04880-3"><bdi>978-90-13-04880-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uitingsdelicten&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=Kluwer&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-90-13-04880-3&rft.aulast=Janssens&rft.aufirst=A.+L.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFG.A.M._Beekelaar1989" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">G.A.M. Beekelaar (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/BWN/lemmata/bwn3/heeckeren">"Heeckeren tot Kell, Willem baron van (1815–1914)"</a> (in Dutch). Instituut voor Nederlandse Geschiedenis<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Heeckeren+tot+Kell%2C+Willem+baron+van+%281815%E2%80%931914%29&rft.date=1989&rft.au=G.A.M.+Beekelaar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inghist.nl%2FOnderzoek%2FProjecten%2FBWN%2Flemmata%2Fbwn3%2Fheeckeren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_den_BerghVinken2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">van den Bergh, H.; Vinken, P.J. (2002). <i>Klein republikeins handboek: honderd misverstanden over de monarchie</i> (in Dutch). Uitgeverij Boom. pp. 58–59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-5352-734-6" title="Special:BookSources/90-5352-734-6"><bdi>90-5352-734-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Klein+republikeins+handboek%3A+honderd+misverstanden+over+de+monarchie&rft.pages=58-59&rft.pub=Uitgeverij+Boom&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=90-5352-734-6&rft.aulast=van+den+Bergh&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Vinken%2C+P.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2007/11/14/willem-iii-was-half-waanzinnig-11428393-a1225108">William III of the Netherlands "a very tall and strong man, he was initially seen as a father figure to most of his subjects, unaware of his tantrums and philandering ways"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nos.nl/artikel/580702-willem-i-en-iii-hadden-bastaarden.html">"Willem I en III hadden bastaarden"</a>. <i>NOS</i>. 29 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NOS&rft.atitle=Willem+I+en+III+hadden+bastaarden&rft.date=2013-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fartikel%2F580702-willem-i-en-iii-hadden-bastaarden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bol.com/nl/p/koning-willem-iii-en-zijn-bastaarden/9200000005930663/">William III and his mistresses (Dutch)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Staats- und Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau: 1859</i>. Schellenberg. 1859. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IYIAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA7">7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Staats-+und+Adre%C3%9F-Handbuch+des+Herzogthums+Nassau%3A+1859&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Schellenberg&rft.date=1859&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878831&view=1up&seq=5&skin=2021">"Königlich Preussische Ordensliste"</a>, <i>Preussische Ordens-Liste</i> (in German), <b>1</b>, Berlin: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878831&view=1up&seq=12&skin=2021">4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878831&view=1up&seq=1007&skin=2021">935</a>, 1886</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Preussische+Ordens-Liste&rft.atitle=K%C3%B6niglich+Preussische+Ordensliste&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=4%2C+935&rft.date=1886&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dmdp.39015049878831%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D5%26skin%3D2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L_pSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP5"><i>Hof- und Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Hannover: 1846</i></a>. Berenberg. 1846. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L_pSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA58">58</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hof-+und+Staatshandbuch+f%C3%BCr+das+K%C3%B6nigreich+Hannover%3A+1846&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Berenberg&rft.date=1846&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL_pSAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPP5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hannover1865-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hannover1865_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaat_Hannover1865" class="citation book cs1">Staat Hannover (1865). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bAFTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7"><i>Hof- und Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Hannover: 1865</i></a>. Berenberg. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bAFTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA37">37</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hof-+und+Staatshandbuch+f%C3%BCr+das+K%C3%B6nigreich+Hannover%3A+1865&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Berenberg&rft.date=1865&rft.au=Staat+Hannover&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbAFTAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPP7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Landesamt1877-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Landesamt1877_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWürttemberg_(Kingdom)._Statistisches_Landesamt1877" class="citation book cs1">Württemberg (Kingdom). Statistisches Landesamt (1877). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qeqUamlXIpYC&pg=PP7"><i>Staatshandbuch für Württemberg</i></a>. Druck von W. Kohlhammer. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qeqUamlXIpYC&pg=PA21">21</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Staatshandbuch+f%C3%BCr+W%C3%BCrttemberg&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Druck+von+W.+Kohlhammer&rft.date=1877&rft.au=W%C3%BCrttemberg+%28Kingdom%29.+Statistisches+Landesamt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqeqUamlXIpYC%26pg%3DPP7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000941464&search=&lang=es">"Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro"</a>. <i>Guía Oficial de España</i> (in Spanish). 1887. p. 146<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Caballeros+de+la+insigne+orden+del+tois%C3%B3n+de+oro&rft.btitle=Gu%C3%ADa+Oficial+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.pages=146&rft.date=1887&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhemerotecadigital.bne.es%2Fissue.vm%3Fid%3D0000941464%26search%3D%26lang%3Des&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach</i> (1846), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00183867/Staatshandbuch_Film_Nr_12_0209.tif">13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.bruxelles.be/almanach/watch/AR/ALMANACH%20ROYAL%20OFFICIEL_1850_R%20208/ALMANACH%20ROYAL%20OFFICIEL_1850_R%20208#page/16">"Liste des Membres de l'Ordre de Léopold"</a>, <i>Almanach Royal Officiel</i> (in French), 1850, p. 33 – via Archives de Bruxelles</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Liste+des+Membres+de+l%27Ordre+de+L%C3%A9opold&rft.btitle=Almanach+Royal+Officiel&rft.pages=33&rft.date=1850&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.bruxelles.be%2Falmanach%2Fwatch%2FAR%2FALMANACH%2520ROYAL%2520OFFICIEL_1850_R%2520208%2FALMANACH%2520ROYAL%2520OFFICIEL_1850_R%2520208%23page%2F16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9JhaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA468"><i>Sveriges och Norges statskalender</i></a>. Liberförlag. 1874. p. 468.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sveriges+och+Norges+statskalender&rft.pages=468&rft.pub=Liberf%C3%B6rlag&rft.date=1874&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9JhaAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA468&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9JhaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA703"><i>Sveriges och Norges statskalender</i></a>. Liberförlag. 1874. p. 703.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sveriges+och+Norges+statskalender&rft.pages=703&rft.pub=Liberf%C3%B6rlag&rft.date=1874&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9JhaAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA703&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJørgen_Pedersen2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jørgen Pedersen (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=glw-AQAAIAAJ"><i>Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009</i></a> (in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 467. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7674-434-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7674-434-2"><bdi>978-87-7674-434-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Riddere+af+Elefantordenen%2C+1559%E2%80%932009&rft.pages=467&rft.pub=Syddansk+Universitetsforlag&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-87-7674-434-2&rft.au=J%C3%B8rgen+Pedersen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dglw-AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm">"A Szent István Rend tagjai"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101222022855/http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm">Archived</a> 22 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hessen-Kassel1859-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hessen-Kassel1859_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHessen-Kassel1859" class="citation book cs1">Hessen-Kassel (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9fRSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP5"><i>Kurfürstlich Hessisches Hof- und Staatshandbuch: 1859</i></a>. Waisenhaus. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9fRSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA16">16</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kurf%C3%BCrstlich+Hessisches+Hof-+und+Staatshandbuch%3A+1859&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Waisenhaus&rft.date=1859&rft.au=Hessen-Kassel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9fRSAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPP5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen</i> (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hofundstaatshan00gergoog/page/n36/mode/2up">11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10021632?page=28">Staats- und Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau</a></i> (1866), "Herzogliche Orden" p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden</i> (1862), "Großherzogliche Orden" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1872216">pp. 33</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1872228">45</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UPMxe-rjK0oC&pg=PA8"><i>Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Bayern: 1877</i></a>. Landesamt. 1877. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hof-+und+Staatshandbuch+des+K%C3%B6nigreichs+Bayern%3A+1877&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Landesamt&rft.date=1877&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUPMxe-rjK0oC%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sachsen1866-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sachsen1866_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSachsen1866" class="citation book cs1">Sachsen (1866). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SBFTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7"><i>Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1865/66</i></a>. Heinrich. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SBFTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA4">4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Staatshandbuch+f%C3%BCr+den+Freistaat+Sachsen%3A+1865%2F66&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Heinrich&rft.date=1866&rft.au=Sachsen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSBFTAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPP7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VOAxAQAAMAAJ">"Seccion IV: Ordenes del Imperio"</a>, <i>Almanaque imperial para el año 1866</i> (in Spanish), 1866, p. 243<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Seccion+IV%3A+Ordenes+del+Imperio&rft.btitle=Almanaque+imperial+para+el+a%C3%B1o+1866&rft.pages=243&rft.date=1866&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVOAxAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/d6b6a3b150e108c0a5f54e1353bfe444.pdf">Sovereign Ordonnance of 13 April 1875</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha</i> (1884), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00244601/Sachsen_Coburg_Gotha_497472023_497472813_1884_8_0074.tif?logicalDiv=jportal_jparticle_00483785">32</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF刑部芳則2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">刑部芳則 (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meijiseitoku.org/pdf/f54-5.pdf"><i>明治時代の勲章外交儀礼</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 143.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E3%81%AE%E5%8B%B2%E7%AB%A0%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E5%84%80%E7%A4%BC&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E8%81%96%E5%BE%B3%E8%A8%98%E5%BF%B5%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A%E7%B4%80%E8%A6%81&rft.date=2017&rft.au=%E5%88%91%E9%83%A8%E8%8A%B3%E5%89%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmeijiseitoku.org%2Fpdf%2Ff54-5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p66-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p66_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) <i>The Knights of England</i>, <b>I</b>, London, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n155/mode/2up">p. 66</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dell'interno1889-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dell'interno1889_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFItalia_:_Ministero_dell'interno1889" class="citation book cs1">Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1889). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qZ4kFaHkY0MC&pg=PR1"><i>Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia</i></a>. Unione tipografico-editrice. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qZ4kFaHkY0MC&pg=PA52">52</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Calendario+generale+del+Regno+d%27Italia&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Unione+tipografico-editrice&rft.date=1889&rft.au=Italia+%3A+Ministero+dell%27interno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqZ4kFaHkY0MC%26pg%3DPR1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TowerAndSword-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TowerAndSword_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geneall.net/en/title/25080/grand-crosses-of-the-order-of-the-tower-and-sword/">"Grand Crosses of the Order of the Tower and Sword"</a>. <i>geneall.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=geneall.net&rft.atitle=Grand+Crosses+of+the+Order+of+the+Tower+and+Sword&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeneall.net%2Fen%2Ftitle%2F25080%2Fgrand-crosses-of-the-order-of-the-tower-and-sword%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved 21 September 2018.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmundson1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Edmundson" title="George Edmundson">Edmundson, George</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/William III., King of the Netherlands"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/William_III.,_King_of_the_Netherlands">"William III., King of the Netherlands" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). p. 670.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=William+III.%2C+King+of+the+Netherlands&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=670&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Edmundson&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+III+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_III_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:William III of the Netherlands">William III of the Netherlands</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>William III of the Netherlands </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">House of Orange-Nassau</a></b></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Nassau" title="House of Nassau">House of Nassau</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 19 February 1817</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 23 November 1890</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="3">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">William II</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Netherlands">King of the Netherlands</a> </b><br />1849–1890 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Wilhelmina</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Grand Duke of Luxembourg</a> </b><br />1849–1890 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Adolphe,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Adolphe</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Limburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Limburg">Duke of Limburg</a> </b><br />1849–1866 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Abolition </b><br /><div style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1867)" title="Treaty of London (1867)">Treaty of London (1867)</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #65BCFF"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">Dutch royalty</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">William</a><br /><small>later became King William II</small></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Orange" title="Prince of Orange">Prince of Orange</a> </b><br />1840–1849 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Orange" title="William, Prince of Orange">William</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template:Monarchs of the Netherlands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template talk:Monarchs of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of monarchs of the Netherlands">Monarchs of the Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Holland" title="Kingdom of Holland">Kingdom of Holland</a><br />(1806–1810)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bonaparte" title="Louis Bonaparte">Louis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Louis_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Louis Bonaparte">Louis II</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg/80px-Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg/120px-Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg/160px-Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a><sup>1</sup><br />(1815–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">William II</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Wilhelmina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliana_of_the_Netherlands" title="Juliana of the Netherlands">Juliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Beatrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>1. See also the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Principality_of_the_United_Netherlands" title="Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands">Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands</a> (1813–1815) and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> (1815–1839).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Luxembourg" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Luxembourg" title="Template:Monarchs of Luxembourg"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Luxembourg" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Luxembourg"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Luxembourg" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Luxembourg"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Luxembourg" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Luxembourg" title="List of monarchs of Luxembourg">Monarchs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="County_of_Luxemburg_(963–1354)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_of_Luxemburg" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Luxemburg">County of Luxemburg</a> (963–1354)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">Elder House of Luxembourg</a> <br />(963–1136)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sigfried,_Count_of_the_Ardennes" title="Sigfried, Count of the Ardennes">Siegfried</a> <small>(963–998)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry V, Duke of Bavaria">Henry I</a> <small>(998–1026)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry VII, Duke of Bavaria">Henry II</a> <small>(1026–1047)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giselbert_of_Luxembourg" title="Giselbert of Luxembourg">Giselbert</a> <small>(1047–1059)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_I,_Count_of_Luxembourg" title="Conrad I, Count of Luxembourg">Conrad I</a> <small>(1059–1086)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Count_of_Luxembourg" title="Henry III, Count of Luxembourg">Henry III</a> <small>(1086–1096)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Count_of_Luxembourg" title="William, Count of Luxembourg">William I</a> <small>(1096–1131)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Count_of_Luxembourg" title="Conrad II, Count of Luxembourg">Conrad II</a> <small>(1131–1136)</small></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg/80px-Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg/120px-Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg/160px-Arms_of_the_Count_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="308" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Namur</a> <br />(1136–1189)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Count_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry IV, Count of Luxembourg">Henry IV</a> <small>(1136–1189)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenstaufen" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Hohenstaufen">House of Hohenstaufen</a> <br />(1196–1197)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Count_of_Burgundy" title="Otto I, Count of Burgundy">Otto</a> <small>(1196–1197)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Namur</a> <br />(1197–1247)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ermesinde,_Countess_of_Luxembourg" title="Ermesinde, Countess of Luxembourg">Ermesinde</a> <small>(1197–1247), <i>with</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_I,_Count_of_Bar" title="Theobald I, Count of Bar">Theobald</a> <small>(1197–1214), <i>and then</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waleran_III,_Duke_of_Limburg" title="Waleran III, Duke of Limburg">Waleran</a> <small>(1214–1226)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Limburg</a> <br />(1247–1354)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Count_of_Luxembourg" title="Henry V, Count of Luxembourg">Henry V</a> <small>(1247–1281)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Count_of_Luxembourg" title="Henry VI, Count of Luxembourg">Henry VI</a> <small>(1281–1288)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a> <small>(1288–1313)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Bohemia" title="John of Bohemia">John I</a> <small>(1313–1346)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a> <small>(1346–1353)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg">Wenceslaus I</a> <small>(1353–1354)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Duchy_of_Luxemburg_(1354–1794)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Luxemburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Luxemburg">Duchy of Luxemburg</a> (1354–1794)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Limburg</a> <br />(1354–1443)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg">Wenceslaus I</a> <small>(1354–1383)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus II</a> <small>(1383–1388)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jobst_of_Moravia" title="Jobst of Moravia">Jobst</a> <small>(1388–1411)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_G%C3%B6rlitz" title="Elizabeth of Görlitz">Elisabeth</a> <small>(1411–1443) <i>with</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony,_Duke_of_Brabant" title="Anthony, Duke of Brabant">Anthony</a> <small>(1411–1415), <i>and then</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_III,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="John III, Duke of Bavaria">John II</a> <small>(1418–1425)</small></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg/80px-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg/120px-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg/160px-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="157" data-file-height="195" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois-Burgundy" title="House of Valois-Burgundy">House of Valois-Burgundy</a> <br />(1443–1482)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Good" title="Philip the Good">Philip I</a> <small>(1443–1467)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bold" title="Charles the Bold">Charles II</a> <small>(1467–1477)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Burgundy" title="Mary of Burgundy">Mary I</a> <small>(1477–1482)</small> and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a> <small>(1477–1482)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a><br /> (1482–1700)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I of Castile">Philip II</a> <small>(1482–1506)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles III</a> <small>(1506–1556)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip III</a> <small>(1556–1598)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Clara_Eugenia" title="Isabella Clara Eugenia">Isabella Clara Eugenia</a> <small>(1598–1621)</small> and <a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria">Albert</a> <small>(1598–1621)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV</a> <small>(1621–1665)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles IV</a> <small>(1665–1700)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> <br />(1700–1712)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V</a> <small>(1700–1712)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">House of Wittelsbach</a><br /> (1712–1713)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II_Emanuel,_Elector_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria">Maximilian II</a> <small>(1712–1713)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a> <br />(1713–1780)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> <small>(1713–1740)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Mary II</a> <small>(1740–1780)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lorraine" title="House of Lorraine">House of Habsburg-Lorraine</a> <br />(1780–1794)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph</a> <small>(1780–1790)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold</a> <small>(1790–1792)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis</a> <small>(1792–1794)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Grand_Duchy_of_Luxembourg_(since_1815)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Luxembourg">Grand Duchy of Luxembourg</a> (since 1815)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">House of Orange-Nassau</a><br /> (1815–1890)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William I</a> (1815–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">William II</a> (1840–1849)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William III</a> (1849–1890)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg/100px-Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg/150px-Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg/200px-Middle-Coat-of-Arms-of-Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="337" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Nassau-Weilburg" title="House of Nassau-Weilburg">House of Nassau-Weilburg</a> <br />(1890–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Adolphe</a> (1890–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IV,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">William IV</a> (1905–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde,_Grand_Duchess_of_Luxembourg" title="Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg">Marie-Adélaïde</a> (1912–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_Grand_Duchess_of_Luxembourg" title="Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg">Charlotte</a> (1919–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Jean</a> (1964–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Henri</a> (since 2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prince_or_Princess_of_Orange" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princes_of_Orange" title="Template:Princes of Orange"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princes_of_Orange" title="Template talk:Princes of Orange"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princes_of_Orange" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princes of Orange"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prince_or_Princess_of_Orange" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Orange" title="Prince of Orange">Prince or Princess of Orange</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;padding:.3em .3em .6em .3em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">William II of the Netherlands</a> (1815–1840)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William III of the Netherlands</a> (1840–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Orange" title="William, Prince of Orange">William, Prince of Orange</a> (1849–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander,_Prince_of_Orange" title="Alexander, Prince of Orange">Alexander, Prince of Orange</a> (1879–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands</a> (1980–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catharina-Amalia,_Princess_of_Orange" title="Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange">Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange</a> (2013–present)</li></ul> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/60px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/90px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/120px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="952" data-file-height="1045" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dutch_princes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dutch_princes" title="Template:Dutch princes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dutch_princes" title="Template talk:Dutch princes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch_princes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch princes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dutch_princes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Dutch princes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Generations indicate descent from <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William I</a>, the first king of the Netherlands.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">King William II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Frederick of the Netherlands">Prince Frederick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">King William III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Alexander of the Netherlands">Prince Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry_of_the_Netherlands_(1820%E2%80%931879)" title="Prince Henry of the Netherlands (1820–1879)">Prince Hendrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ernest_Casimir_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Ernest Casimir of the Netherlands">Prince Ernest Casimir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Willem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prince Willem (page does not exist)">Prince Willem</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik%20der%20Nederlanden%20(1836-1846)">Prince Frederik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Orange" title="William, Prince of Orange">William, Prince of Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurice_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Maurice of the Netherlands">Prince Maurice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander,_Prince_of_Orange" title="Alexander, Prince of Orange">Alexander, Prince of Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Henry_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Hendrik, Prince Consort</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_Lippe-Biesterfeld" title="Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld">Bernhard, Prince Consort</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Claus_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Claus of the Netherlands">Claus, Prince Consort</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">King Willem-Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Friso_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau">Prince Friso</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Constantijn_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands">Prince Constantijn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Carlos,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Prince Carlos, Duke of Parma">Prince Carlos</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_de_Bourbon_de_Parme" title="Jaime de Bourbon de Parme">Prince Jaime</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurits_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Maurits of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Maurits</a> <sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Bernhard of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Bernhard</a> <sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Pieter-Christiaan_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Pieter-Christiaan of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Pieter-Christiaan</a> <sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Floris_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Floris of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Floris</a> <sup><small>4</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hugo_de_Bourbon_de_Parme" title="Prince Hugo de Bourbon de Parme">Prince Hugo</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> <span class="wrap">title granted by Royal Decree to consort of the Queen, without the title "Prince of Orange-Nassau"</span> <p><sup><small>2</small></sup> <span class="wrap">gave up the title "Prince of the Netherlands, but still held the title "Prince of Orange-Nassau"</span> <sup><small>3</small></sup> <span class="wrap">title granted by Royal Decree to descendants of Princess Irene</span> </p> <sup><small>4</small></sup> <span class="wrap">only held the title "Prince of Orange-Nassau"</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125649#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125649#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125649#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000066757576">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/286321103">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/146218/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqFTyXRW8D9PHwq86v4MP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118986295">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84193489">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16077720p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16077720p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Willem III <re dei Paesi Bassi>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/MUSV075795">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20201063199&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1589155">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070645345">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810687119605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007270090505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/349541">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/ce84de52-1167-4937-85f4-f9cee96533b0">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/33434582">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118986295.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118986295">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/188929886">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10569005">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/68199">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/517981">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&oldid=1260019538">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&oldid=1260019538</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1817_births" title="Category:1817 births">1817 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1890_deaths" title="Category:1890 deaths">1890 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Category:House of Orange-Nassau">House of Orange-Nassau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Princes_of_Orange" title="Category:Princes of Orange">Princes of Orange</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Princes_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Category:Princes of Orange-Nassau">Princes of Orange-Nassau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_Dutch_monarchs" title="Category:19th-century Dutch monarchs">19th-century Dutch monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_dukes_of_Luxembourg" title="Category:Grand dukes of Luxembourg">Grand dukes of Luxembourg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dukes_of_Limburg" title="Category:Dukes of Limburg">Dukes of Limburg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Protestant_monarchs" title="Category:Protestant monarchs">Protestant monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_members_of_the_Dutch_Reformed_Church" title="Category:Dutch members of the Dutch Reformed Church">Dutch members of the Dutch Reformed Church</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Council_of_State_(Netherlands)" title="Category:Members of the Council of State (Netherlands)">Members of the Council of State (Netherlands)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_in_the_Royal_Crypt_at_Nieuwe_Kerk,_Delft" title="Category:Burials in the Royal Crypt at Nieuwe Kerk, Delft">Burials in the Royal Crypt at Nieuwe Kerk, Delft</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion" title="Category:Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion">Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Extra_Knights_Companion_of_the_Garter" title="Category:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter">Extra Knights Companion of the Garter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Knights_of_the_Golden_Fleece_of_Spain" title="Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain">Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Crosses_of_the_Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary" title="Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary">Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Crosses_of_the_Order_of_Saint-Charles" title="Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles">Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sons_of_kings" title="Category:Sons of kings">Sons of kings</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:Articles with Dutch-language sources (nl)">Articles with Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)">CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Danish-language_sources_(da)" title="Category:CS1 Danish-language sources (da)">CS1 Danish-language sources (da)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)" title="Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)">CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2024">Use dmy dates from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2024" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2024">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2012" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2012">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 November 2024, at 10:39<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-5dsld","wgBackendResponseTime":191,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.188","walltime":"1.522","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10787,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":243696,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":44783,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":137767,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1325.092 1 -total"," 25.54% 338.376 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.94% 264.253 2 Template:Infobox"," 19.62% 260.033 1 Template:Infobox_royalty"," 10.08% 133.529 1 Template:Columns-list"," 8.77% 116.147 2 Template:Plainlist"," 8.18% 108.357 2 Template:Marriage"," 8.15% 108.023 10 Template:Citation_needed"," 7.30% 96.670 6 Template:Navbox"," 7.06% 93.518 3 Template:In_lang"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.634","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23093969,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-2r2s4","timestamp":"20241130013928","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"William III of the Netherlands","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_III_of_the_Netherlands","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q125649","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q125649","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-10-24T17:14:20Z","dateModified":"2024-11-28T10:39:55Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/60\/Portret_koning_Willem_III_door_Maria_Hille_HGA001008802_%28uitsnede%29.jpg","headline":"King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1817\u20131890)"}</script> </body> </html>