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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_mariners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_mariners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Professional mariners</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Professional_mariners-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Professional mariners subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Professional_mariners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Deck_department" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deck_department"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Deck department</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deck_department-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Engineering_department" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engineering_department"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Engineering department</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engineering_department-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Steward's_department" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Steward's_department"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Steward's department</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Steward's_department-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_departments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_departments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Other departments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_departments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Working_conditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Working_conditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Working conditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Working_conditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_at_sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_at_sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Life at sea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_at_sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_mariners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_mariners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notable mariners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_mariners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sailor</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بحار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بحار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%A0%DC%9A%DC%90_(%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%9B%DC%90)" title="ܡܠܚܐ (ܢܘܛܐ) – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܠܚܐ (ܢܘܛܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95" title="নাবিক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাবিক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Марак – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Марак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BA" title="Моряк – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Моряк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariner" title="Mariner – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mariner" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1mo%C5%99n%C3%ADk" title="Námořník – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Námořník" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seemann" title="Seemann – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Seemann" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meremees" title="Meremees – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Meremees" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ναυτικός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ναυτικός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marino" title="Marino – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Marino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maristo" title="Maristo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Maristo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itsastar" title="Itsastar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Itsastar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ملوان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ملوان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marin_(profession)" title="Marin (profession) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marin (profession)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeman" title="Seeman – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Seeman" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mairn%C3%A9alach" title="Mairnéalach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mairnéalach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C3%B2ladair" title="Seòladair – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Seòladair" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%C3%B1eiro,_mari%C3%B1eira" title="Mariñeiro, mariñeira – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mariñeiro, mariñeira" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%A0%EC%9B%90" title="선원 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="선원" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="नाविक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नाविक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomorac" title="Pomorac – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pomorac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelaut" title="Pelaut – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pelaut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%B3ma%C3%B0ur" title="Sjómaður – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sjómaður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marittimo" title="Marittimo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Marittimo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%9F" title="ספן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baharia" title="Baharia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Baharia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8B" title="Яхтачы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Яхтачы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauta" title="Nauta – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nauta" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%ABreivis" title="Jūreivis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jūreivis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelasi" title="Kelasi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kelasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeeman_(beroep)" title="Zeeman (beroep) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zeeman (beroep)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%B9%E5%93%A1" title="船員 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="船員" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%B8mann" title="Sjømann – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sjømann" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%B8folk" title="Sjøfolk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sjøfolk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marynarz_(zaw%C3%B3d)" title="Marynarz (zawód) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Marynarz (zawód)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinheiro" title="Marinheiro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Marinheiro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinar" title="Marinar – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marinar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wamp%27u_runa" title="Wamp'u runa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wamp'u runa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BA" title="Моряк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Моряк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detari" title="Detari – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Detari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailor" title="Sailor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sailor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1morn%C3%ADk" title="Námorník – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Námorník" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badmareen" title="Badmareen – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Badmareen" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Поморац – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Поморац" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomorac" title="Pomorac – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pomorac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merimies" title="Merimies – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Merimies" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%B6man" title="Sjöman – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sjöman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaragat" title="Mandaragat – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mandaragat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Диңгезче – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Диңгезче" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="నావికుడు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నావికుడు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5" title="กะลาสี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กะลาสี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denizci" title="Denizci – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Denizci" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BA" title="Моряк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Моряк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7y_th%E1%BB%A7" title="Thủy thủ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thủy thủ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%A9n" title="Marén – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Marén" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%91%98" title="海员 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="海员" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A1" title="מאטראס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאטראס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%89%8B" title="水手 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="水手" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%93%A1" title="海員 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="海員" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q45199#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sailors" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Sailor" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q45199" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Person who navigates water-borne vessels or assists in doing so</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sailor_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sailor (disambiguation)">Sailor (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boatman_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Boatman (disambiguation)">Boatman (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariner_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mariner (disambiguation)">Mariner (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Seafarer_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="The Seafarer (disambiguation)">The Seafarer (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sailor" title="Special:EditPage/Sailor">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Sailor" title="Talk:Sailor">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sailor&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Sailor" title="Talk:Sailor">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Sailor%22">"Sailor"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Sailor%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Sailor%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Sailor%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sailor%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Sailor%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Sailor</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Occupation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Occupation type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Profession" title="Profession">Profession</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Activity sectors</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civilian" title="Civilian">civilian</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Description</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Competencies</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Human_physiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Human physiology">Physical</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Endurance" title="Endurance">Stamina</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mindset" title="Mindset">Mindset</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Fields of<br />employment</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a>, civilian companies and organizations</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related jobs</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ship_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship transport">Maritime</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kristina_Regina_wheelhouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Kristina_Regina_wheelhouse.jpg/300px-Kristina_Regina_wheelhouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Kristina_Regina_wheelhouse.jpg/450px-Kristina_Regina_wheelhouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Kristina_Regina_wheelhouse.jpg/600px-Kristina_Regina_wheelhouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Three types of mariners, seen here in the <a href="/wiki/Pilothouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilothouse">wheelhouse</a> of a ship: a <a href="/wiki/Sea_captain" title="Sea captain">master</a>, <a href="/wiki/Able_seaman" title="Able seaman">able seaman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maritime_pilot" title="Maritime pilot">harbour pilot</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>sailor</b>, <b>seaman</b>, <b>mariner</b>, or <b>seafarer</b> is a person who works aboard a <a href="/wiki/Watercraft" title="Watercraft">watercraft</a> as part of its crew, and may work in any one of a number of different fields that are related to the operation and maintenance of a ship. </p><p>The profession of the sailor is old, and the term <i>sailor</i> has its etymological roots in a time when <a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">sailing ships</a> were the main mode of transport at sea, but it now refers to the personnel of all watercraft regardless of the mode of transport, and encompasses people who operate ships professionally, be it for a military <a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">navy</a> or civilian <a href="/wiki/Merchant_navy" title="Merchant navy">merchant navy</a>, as a sport or recreationally. In a <a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">navy</a>, there may be further distinctions: <i>sailor</i> may refer to any member of the navy even if they are based on land; while <a href="/wiki/Seaman_(rank)" title="Seaman (rank)"><i>seaman</i></a> may refer to a specific <a href="/wiki/Enlisted_rank" title="Enlisted rank">enlisted rank</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professional_mariners">Professional mariners</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Professional mariners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seafarers hold a variety of professions and ranks, each of which carries unique responsibilities which are integral to the successful operation of an ocean-going vessel. A ship's crew can generally be divided into four main categories: the deck department, the engineering department, the steward's department, and others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deck_department">Deck department</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Deck department"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Deck_department" title="Deck department">Deck department</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crewmember_doing_iceberg_lookout_on_the_USNS_Southern_Cross_(Ross_Sea,_Antarctica,_1981).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Crewmember_doing_iceberg_lookout_on_the_USNS_Southern_Cross_%28Ross_Sea%2C_Antarctica%2C_1981%29.jpg/220px-Crewmember_doing_iceberg_lookout_on_the_USNS_Southern_Cross_%28Ross_Sea%2C_Antarctica%2C_1981%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c4/Crewmember_doing_iceberg_lookout_on_the_USNS_Southern_Cross_%28Ross_Sea%2C_Antarctica%2C_1981%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption>An able seaman stands <a href="/wiki/Iceberg" title="Iceberg">iceberg</a> lookout on the bow of the freighter USNS <i>Southern Cross</i> during a re-supply mission to <a href="/wiki/McMurdo_Station" title="McMurdo Station">McMurdo Station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1981</span>.</figcaption></figure><p> Officer positions in the <a href="/wiki/Deck_department" title="Deck department">deck department</a> include but are not limited to: <a href="/wiki/Master_Mariner" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Mariner">master</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Chief_Mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Mate">chief</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Mate">second</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_Mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Mate">third</a> officers. The official classifications for unlicensed members of the deck department are <a href="/wiki/Able_seaman" title="Able seaman">able seaman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_seaman" title="Ordinary seaman">ordinary seaman</a>. With some variation, the chief mate is most often charged with the duties of cargo mate. Second Mates are charged with being the medical officer in case of a medical emergency. All three mates each do four-hour morning and afternoon shifts on the bridge, when underway at sea. </p><p>A common deck crew for a ship includes: </p> <ul><li>(1) <a href="/wiki/Sea_captain" title="Sea captain">Captain</a> / Master</li> <li>(1) <a href="/wiki/Chief_Mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Mate">Chief Officer</a> / First Mate</li> <li>(1) <a href="/wiki/Second_Mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Mate">Second Officer</a> / Second Mate</li> <li>(1) <a href="/wiki/Third_Mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Mate">Third Officer</a> / Third Mate</li> <li>(1) <a href="/wiki/Boatswain" title="Boatswain">Boatswain</a> (unlicensed Petty Officer: Qualified member Deck Dept.)</li> <li>(2) <a href="/wiki/Able_seamen" class="mw-redirect" title="Able seamen">Able seamen</a> (unlicensed qualified rating)</li> <li>(2) <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_seaman" title="Ordinary seaman">Ordinary seamen</a> (entry-level rating)</li> <li>(0-1) <a href="/wiki/Deck_cadet" title="Deck cadet">Deck cadet</a> / unlicensed trainee navigator / Midshipman</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Engineering_department">Engineering department</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Engineering department"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Engineering_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineering department">Engineering department</a></div> <p>A ship's engineering department consists of the members of a ship's crew that operates and maintains the propulsion and other systems on board the vessel. Marine engineering staff also deal with the "hotel" facilities on board, notably the <a href="/wiki/Sewage" title="Sewage">sewage</a>, lighting, <a href="/wiki/Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">air conditioning</a> and water systems. Engineering staff manages bulk fuel transfers, from a fuel-supply barge in port. When underway at sea, the second and third engineers will often be occupied with oil transfers from storage tanks, to active working tanks. Cleaning of oil purifiers is another regular task. Engineering staff is required to have training in <a href="/wiki/Firefighting" title="Firefighting">firefighting</a> and first aid. Additional duties include maintaining the ship's boats and performing other nautical tasks. Engineers play a key role in cargo loading/discharging gear and safety systems, though the specific cargo discharge function remains the responsibility of deck officers and deck workers. </p><p>A common engineering crew for a ship includes: </p> <ul><li>(1) <a href="/wiki/Chief_Engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Engineer">Chief Engineer</a></li> <li>(1) <a href="/wiki/Second_Engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Engineer">Second Engineer</a> / First Assistant Engineer</li> <li>(1) <a href="/wiki/Third_Engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Engineer">Third Engineer</a> / Second Assistant Engineer</li> <li>(1) <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Engineer">Fourth Engineer</a> / Third Assistant Engineer</li> <li>(1) <a href="/wiki/Motorman_(ship)" title="Motorman (ship)">Motorman</a> (unlicensed Junior Engineer: Qualified member Engine Dept.)</li> <li>(2) <a href="/wiki/Oiler_(occupation)" title="Oiler (occupation)">Oiler</a> (unlicensed qualified rating)</li> <li>(2) Entry-level rating <a href="/wiki/Wiper_(occupation)" title="Wiper (occupation)">Wiper</a></li> <li>(0–1) <a href="/wiki/Seafarer%27s_professions_and_ranks#Trainee_Marine_Engineer" title="Seafarer's professions and ranks">Engine Cadet</a> / unlicensed Trainee engineer</li></ul> <p>American ships also carry a <a href="/wiki/Qualified_member_of_the_engine_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Qualified member of the engine department">qualified member of the engine department</a>. Other possible positions include motorman, <a href="/wiki/Machinist" title="Machinist">machinist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electrician" title="Electrician">electrician</a>, refrigeration engineer and tankerman. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Steward's_department"><span id="Steward.27s_department"></span>Steward's department</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Steward's department"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Steward%27s_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Steward's department">Steward's department</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SS_Kajaani_I_crew.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/SS_Kajaani_I_crew.jpg/220px-SS_Kajaani_I_crew.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/SS_Kajaani_I_crew.jpg/330px-SS_Kajaani_I_crew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/SS_Kajaani_I_crew.jpg/440px-SS_Kajaani_I_crew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1964" data-file-height="1454" /></a><figcaption>A crew with a cook on the <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finnish</a> <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboat</a> S/S <i>Kajaani I</i> in 1953</figcaption></figure> <p>A typical <a href="/wiki/Steward%27s_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Steward's department">steward's department</a> for a cargo ship is a <a href="/wiki/Chief_steward" title="Chief steward">chief steward</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Chief_cook" title="Chief cook">chief cook</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Steward%27s_assistant" title="Steward's assistant">steward's assistant</a>. All three positions are typically filled by unlicensed personnel. </p><p>The chief steward directs, instructs, and assigns personnel performing such functions as preparing and serving meals; cleaning and maintaining officers' quarters and steward department areas; and receiving, issuing, and inventorying stores. </p><p>The chief steward also plans menus, compiles supply, overtime, and cost control records. The steward may requisition or purchase stores and equipment. Galley's roles may include baking. </p><p>A chief steward's duties may overlap with those of the <a href="/wiki/Steward%27s_assistant" title="Steward's assistant">steward's assistant</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chief_cook" title="Chief cook">chief cook</a>, and other Steward's department crewmembers. </p><p>A person in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine" title="United States Merchant Marine">United States Merchant Marine</a> has to have a <a href="/wiki/Merchant_Mariner%27s_Document" title="Merchant Mariner's Document">Merchant Mariner's Document</a> issued by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> in order to serve as a chief steward. All chief cooks who sail internationally are similarly documented by their respective countries because of international conventions and agreements. </p><p>The only time that steward department staff are charged with duties outside the steward department is during the execution of the fire and boat drill. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_departments">Other departments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other departments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Seafarer%27s_professions_and_ranks#Other" title="Seafarer's professions and ranks">Seafarer's professions and ranks § Other</a></div> <p>Various types of staff officer positions may exist on board a ship, including junior assistant purser, senior assistant purser, <a href="/wiki/Purser" title="Purser">purser</a>, chief purser, <a href="/wiki/Medical_doctor" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical doctor">medical doctor</a>, professional <a href="/wiki/Nurse" class="mw-redirect" title="Nurse">nurse</a>, marine physician assistant, and <a href="/wiki/Hospital_corpsman" title="Hospital corpsman">hospital corpsman</a>. In the USA these jobs<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are considered administrative positions and are therefore regulated by Certificates of Registry issued by the United States Coast Guard. <a href="/wiki/Harbour_pilot" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbour pilot">Pilots</a> are also merchant marine officers and are licensed by the Coast Guard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Working_conditions">Working conditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Working conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="float:right;" class="wikitable"> <caption>Standard merchant <a href="/wiki/Watch_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Watch system">watch system</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Day 1</th> <th>Day 2</th> <th>Day 3 </th></tr> <tr style="height:40px;"> <th>4 am – 8 am </th> <td bgcolor="#FFE3E3">Team 1 </td> <td bgcolor="#FFE3E3">Team 1 </td> <td bgcolor="#FFE3E3">Team 1 </td></tr> <tr style="height:40px;"> <th>8 am – 12 pm </th> <td bgcolor="#9EFF9E">Team 2 </td> <td bgcolor="#9EFF9E">Team 2 </td> <td bgcolor="#9EFF9E">Team 2 </td></tr> <tr style="height:40px;"> <th>12 pm – 4 pm </th> <td bgcolor="#DFF">Team 3 </td> <td bgcolor="#DFF">Team 3 </td> <td bgcolor="#DFF">Team 3 </td></tr> <tr style="height:40px;"> <th>4 pm – 8 pm </th> <td bgcolor="#FFE3E3">Team 1 </td> <td bgcolor="#FFE3E3">Team 1 </td> <td bgcolor="#FFE3E3">Team 1 </td></tr> <tr style="height:40px;"> <th>8 pm – 12 am </th> <td bgcolor="#9EFF9E">Team 2 </td> <td bgcolor="#9EFF9E">Team 2 </td> <td bgcolor="#9EFF9E">Team 2 </td></tr> <tr style="height:40px;"> <th>12 am – 4 am </th> <td bgcolor="#DFF">Team 3 </td> <td bgcolor="#DFF">Team 3 </td> <td bgcolor="#DFF">Team 3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Mariners spend extended periods at sea. Most deep-sea mariners are hired for one or more voyages that last for several months. There is no <a href="/wiki/Job_security" title="Job security">job security</a> after that. The length of time between voyages varies by job availability and personal preference.<sup id="cite_ref-bls_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rate of unionization for these workers in the United States is about 36 percent, much higher than the average for all occupations. Consequently, merchant marine officers and seamen, both veterans and beginners, are hired for voyages through union hiring halls or directly by shipping companies. Hiring halls fill jobs by the length of time the person has been registered at the hall and by their union seniority. Hiring halls typically are found in major seaports. </p><p>At sea, on larger vessels members of the deck department usually stand watch for four hours and are off for eight hours, seven days a week.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mariners work in all weather conditions. Working in damp and cold conditions often is inevitable, although ships try to avoid severe storms while at sea. It is uncommon for modern vessels to suffer disasters such as fire, explosion, or a sinking. Yet workers face the possibility of having to abandon ship on short notice if it collides with other vessels or runs aground. Mariners also risk injury or death from falling overboard and from hazards associated with working with machinery, heavy loads, and dangerous cargo. However, modern safety management procedures, advanced emergency communications, and effective international rescue systems place modern mariners in a much safer position. </p><p>Most newer vessels are air conditioned, soundproofed from noisy machinery, and equipped with comfortable living quarters. These amenities have helped ease the sometimes difficult circumstances of long periods away from home. Also, modern communications such as email, instant messaging and social media platforms link modern mariners to their families. Nevertheless, some mariners dislike the long periods away from home and the confinement aboard ship. They consequently leave the profession. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_at_sea">Life at sea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Life at sea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sailor" title="Special:EditPage/Sailor">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_a_sailor_taken_on_board_the_French_aviso_Ardent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Portrait_of_a_sailor_taken_on_board_the_French_aviso_Ardent.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_a_sailor_taken_on_board_the_French_aviso_Ardent.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Portrait_of_a_sailor_taken_on_board_the_French_aviso_Ardent.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_a_sailor_taken_on_board_the_French_aviso_Ardent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Portrait_of_a_sailor_taken_on_board_the_French_aviso_Ardent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of a sailor taken on board the French <i><a href="/wiki/Aviso" title="Aviso">aviso</a></i> Ardent, 1857</figcaption></figure> <p>Professional mariners live on the margins of society, with much of their life spent beyond the reach of land. They face cramped, stark, noisy, and dangerous conditions at sea. Yet men and women still go to sea. For some, the attraction is a life unencumbered with the restraints of life ashore. Seagoing adventure and a chance to see the world also appeal to many seafarers. Whatever the calling, those who live and work at sea invariably confront social isolation. </p><p>Findings by the Seafarer's International Research Center indicate a leading cause of mariners leaving the industry is "almost invariably because they want to be with their families". U.S. merchant ships typically do not allow family members to accompany seafarers on voyages. Industry experts increasingly recognize isolation, stress, and fatigue as occupational hazards. Advocacy groups such as International Labor Organization, a United Nations agency, and the Nautical Institute seek improved international standards for mariners. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F048234-0015,_Kiel,_Segelschiff_%22Gorch_Fock%22,_Matrosen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F048234-0015%2C_Kiel%2C_Segelschiff_%22Gorch_Fock%22%2C_Matrosen.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F048234-0015%2C_Kiel%2C_Segelschiff_%22Gorch_Fock%22%2C_Matrosen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F048234-0015%2C_Kiel%2C_Segelschiff_%22Gorch_Fock%22%2C_Matrosen.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F048234-0015%2C_Kiel%2C_Segelschiff_%22Gorch_Fock%22%2C_Matrosen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F048234-0015%2C_Kiel%2C_Segelschiff_%22Gorch_Fock%22%2C_Matrosen.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F048234-0015%2C_Kiel%2C_Segelschiff_%22Gorch_Fock%22%2C_Matrosen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="499" /></a><figcaption>Sailors on a ship</figcaption></figure> <p>One's service aboard ships typically extends for months at a time, followed by protracted shore leave. However, some seamen secure jobs on ships they like and stay aboard for years. In rare cases, veteran mariners choose never to go ashore when in port. </p><p>Further, the quick turnaround of many modern ships, spending only a matter of hours in port, limits a seafarer's free-time ashore. Moreover, some seafarers entering U.S. ports from a watch list of 25 countries deemed high-risk face restrictions on shore leave due to security concerns in a post <a href="/wiki/9/11" class="mw-redirect" title="9/11">9/11</a> environment. However, shore leave restrictions while in U.S. ports impact American seamen as well. For example, the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_of_Masters,_Mates_%26_Pilots" title="International Organization of Masters, Mates & Pilots">International Organization of Masters, Mates & Pilots</a> notes a trend of U.S. shipping terminal operators restricting seamen from traveling from the ship to the terminal gate. Further, in cases where transit is allowed, special "security fees" are at times assessed. </p><p>Such restrictions on shore leave coupled with reduced time in port by many ships translate into longer periods at sea. Mariners report that extended periods at sea living and working with shipmates who for the most part are strangers takes getting used to. At the same time, there is an opportunity to meet people from a wide range of ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Recreational opportunities have improved aboard some U.S. ships, which may feature gyms and day rooms for watching movies, swapping <a href="/wiki/Nautical_fiction" title="Nautical fiction">sea stories</a>, and other activities. And in some cases, especially tankers, it is made possible for a mariner to be accompanied by members of his family. However, a mariner's off-duty time at sea is largely a solitary affair, pursuing hobbies, reading, writing letters, and sleeping. </p><p>Internet accessibility is fast coming to the sea with the advent of cheap satellite communication, mainly from <a href="/wiki/Inmarsat" title="Inmarsat">Inmarsat</a>. The availability of affordable roaming SIM cards with online top-up facilities have also contributed to improved connection with friends and family at home. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_mariners">Notable mariners</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notable mariners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_notable_mariners" class="mw-redirect" title="List of notable mariners">List of notable mariners</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_sea_captains" title="List of sea captains">List of sea captains</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sailor" title="Special:EditPage/Sailor">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:InthenavyMalgiglia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/InthenavyMalgiglia.jpg/250px-InthenavyMalgiglia.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/InthenavyMalgiglia.jpg/375px-InthenavyMalgiglia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/InthenavyMalgiglia.jpg/500px-InthenavyMalgiglia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Statue dedicated to Italian sailors at <a href="/wiki/Finale_Ligure" title="Finale Ligure">Finale Ligure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Erik_the_Red" title="Erik the Red">Erik the Red</a> and his son <a href="/wiki/Leif_Erikson" title="Leif Erikson">Leif Erikson</a> were the first notable mariners known to sail in a primitive, partly man powered vessel across the Arctic and the North Atlantic Ocean. </p><p>Barbarossa Hayrettin Pasha (Turkish: Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa or Hızır Hayrettin Paşa; also Hızır Reis before being promoted to the rank of Pasha and becoming the Kaptan-ı Derya (Fleet Admiral) of the Ottoman Navy) (c. 1478 – 4 July 1546) was an Ottoman admiral who dominated the Mediterranean for decades. He was born on the island of Lesbos/ Mytilini and died in Istanbul, the Ottoman capital. </p><p>Merchant seamen have gone on to make their mark on the world in a number of interesting ways. <a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a>, who started his career as a <a href="/wiki/Third_mate" title="Third mate">third mate</a> in 1976 was the president of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> from 2004 to 2014. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Phillip" title="Arthur Phillip">Arthur Phillip</a> joined the Merchant Navy in 1751 and 37 years later founded the city of <a href="/wiki/Sydney,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney, Australia">Sydney, Australia</a>. Merchant mariner <a href="/wiki/Douglass_North" title="Douglass North">Douglass North</a> went from seaman to navigator to winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Economics. <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> went on to become the 39th president of the United States after service in the US Navy. </p><p>Members of the British Merchant Navy have won the Distinguished Service Cross and have had careers taking them from 'Deck Boy Peter' to <a href="/wiki/Peter_Horsley" title="Peter Horsley">Air Marshal Sir Beresford Peter Torrington Horsley KCB, CBE, LVO, AFC</a>. Canadian merchant seamen have won <a href="/wiki/Philip_Bent" title="Philip Bent">the Victoria Cross</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Andrew_MacGillivary" title="Charles Andrew MacGillivary">Medal of Honor</a>. American merchant seamen have won the Medal of Honor in the <a href="/wiki/George_H._O%27Brien_Jr." title="George H. O'Brien Jr.">Korean War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Joel" title="Lawrence Joel">Vietnam War</a>, and one went on to become the <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Jones" title="John Paul Jones">"Father of the American Navy."</a> One does not have to look far to find merchant seamen who became war heroes in <a href="/wiki/David_Broadfoot" title="David Broadfoot">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_F%C3%A9lix_Emmanuel_Hamelin" title="Jacques Félix Emmanuel Hamelin">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Sanders" title="William Edward Sanders">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Grau_Seminario" class="mw-redirect" title="Miguel Grau Seminario">Peru</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Kim_Malthe-Bruun" title="Kim Malthe-Bruun">Denmark</a>. </p><p>Since World War II, a number of merchant seamen have become notorious criminals. American <a href="/wiki/William_Colepaugh" title="William Colepaugh">William Colepaugh</a> was convicted as a Nazi spy in World War II and <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Sauckel" title="Fritz Sauckel">Fritz Sauckel</a> was convicted as a Nazi war criminal. Briton <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Scott-Ford" title="Duncan Scott-Ford">Duncan Scott-Ford</a> was hanged for treachery in World War II. <a href="/wiki/George_Hennard" class="mw-redirect" title="George Hennard">George Hennard</a> was an American mass murderer who claimed 23 victims on a rampage at Luby's Cafeteria in <a href="/wiki/Killeen,_Texas" title="Killeen, Texas">Killeen, Texas</a>. And <a href="/wiki/Perry_Smith_(murderer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perry Smith (murderer)">Perry Smith's</a> own murderous rampage was made famous in <a href="/wiki/Truman_Capote" title="Truman Capote">Truman Capote</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Non-fiction_novel" title="Non-fiction novel">non-fiction novel</a> <i><a href="/wiki/In_Cold_Blood" title="In Cold Blood">In Cold Blood</a>.</i> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferdinand_Magellan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ferdinand_Magellan.jpg/170px-Ferdinand_Magellan.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ferdinand_Magellan.jpg/255px-Ferdinand_Magellan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ferdinand_Magellan.jpg/340px-Ferdinand_Magellan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="693" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a> led the first expedition that <a href="/wiki/Circumnavigated" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumnavigated">circumnavigated</a> the globe in 1519–1522.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mariners are well represented in the visual arts. French pilot's assistant <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a> later became a leading post-impressionist painter and pioneered modern art's synthetist style. American seaman <a href="/wiki/Haskell_Wexler" title="Haskell Wexler">Haskell Wexler</a> later won two <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Awards</a>, the latter for a biography of his shipmate <a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a>. British Merchant Navy member <a href="/wiki/Ken_Russell" title="Ken Russell">Ken Russell</a> later directed films such as <i><a href="/wiki/Tommy_(1975_film)" title="Tommy (1975 film)">Tommy</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Altered_States" title="Altered States">Altered States</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lair_of_the_White_Worm_(film)" title="The Lair of the White Worm (film)">The Lair of the White Worm</a></i>. Merchant seaman <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Craig" title="Johnny Craig">Johnny Craig</a> was already a working comic book artist before he joined up, but <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Schroeder" title="Ernie Schroeder">Ernie Schroeder</a> would not start drawing comics until after returning home from World War II. </p><p>Merchant sailors have also made a splash in the world of sport. In football, with <a href="/wiki/Fred_Blackburn_(footballer)" title="Fred Blackburn (footballer)">Fred Blackburn</a> in England and the likes of <a href="/wiki/Dan_Devine" title="Dan Devine">Dan Devine</a> and Heisman Trophy winner <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinkwich" title="Frank Sinkwich">Frank Sinkwich</a> in the U.S. In track and field, American seamen <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Johnson_(athlete)" title="Cornelius Johnson (athlete)">Cornelius Johnson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Thorpe" title="Jim Thorpe">Jim Thorpe</a> both won Olympic medals, though Thorpe did not get his until 30 years after his death. Seamen <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bagby_Jr." title="Jim Bagby Jr.">Jim Bagby Jr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Keller" title="Charlie Keller">Charlie Keller</a> went on to Major League Baseball. <a href="/wiki/Drew_Bundini_Brown" title="Drew Bundini Brown">Drew Bundini Brown</a> was Muhammad Ali's assistant trainer and cornerman, and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Gold" title="Joe Gold">Joe Gold</a> went on to make his fortune as the bodybuilding and fitness guru of <a href="/wiki/Gold%27s_Gym" title="Gold's Gym">Gold's Gym</a>. </p><p>Other sporting notables include Dutchman <a href="/wiki/Henk_de_Velde" title="Henk de Velde">Henk de Velde</a> known for sailing solo around the world, and Briton <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Webb" title="Matthew Webb">Matthew Webb</a> who was the first person to swim the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> without the use of artificial aid. </p><p>Irish Merchant Navy member <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McClory" title="Kevin McClory">Kevin McClory</a> spent 14 days in a lifeboat and later went on to write the James Bond movies <i>Never Say Never Again</i> and <i>Thunderball</i>. Members of the American Beat Movement <a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kerouac" title="Jack Kerouac">Jack Kerouac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Kaufman" title="Bob Kaufman">Bob Kaufman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Huncke" title="Herbert Huncke">Herbert Huncke</a> were all Merchant Mariners. </p><p>It is perhaps not surprising that the writers of <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville"><i>Moby Dick</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Bowditch" title="Nathaniel Bowditch"><i>The American Practical Navigator</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Dana_Jr." title="Richard Henry Dana Jr."><i>Two Years Before the Mast</i></a> were Merchant Mariners. It might be surprising that the writers of <a href="/wiki/Peter_Baynham" title="Peter Baynham"><i>Borat</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Alun_Owen" title="Alun Owen"><i>A Hard Day's Night</i></a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Donn_Pearce" title="Donn Pearce">Cool Hand Luke</a></i> were. </p><p>A number of U.S. Merchant Mariners from World War II later played well known television characters. The list includes <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Bailey" title="Raymond Bailey">Milburn Drysdale</a> on <i>The Beverly Hillbillies</i>, <a href="/wiki/Carroll_O%27Connor" title="Carroll O'Connor">Archie Bunker</a> on <i>All in the Family</i>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Falk" title="Peter Falk">Peter Falk</a> on <i>Columbo</i>, <a href="/wiki/James_Garner" title="James Garner">Jim Rockford</a> on <i>The Rockford Files</i>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lord" title="Jack Lord">Steve McGarret</a> on <i>Hawaii Five-O</i>, <a href="/wiki/Denver_Pyle" title="Denver Pyle">Uncle Jesse Duke</a> on <i>The Dukes of Hazzard</i> and <a href="/wiki/Clint_Walker" title="Clint Walker">Cheyenne Bodie</a> on <i>Cheyenne</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sailor" title="Special:EditPage/Sailor">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SailorNHMDF.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SailorNHMDF.JPG/220px-SailorNHMDF.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="520" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SailorNHMDF.JPG/330px-SailorNHMDF.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SailorNHMDF.JPG/440px-SailorNHMDF.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1434" data-file-height="3388" /></a><figcaption>Statue of a <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Navy" title="Mexican Navy">Mexican Navy</a> sailor at the Naval History Museum.</figcaption></figure> <p>An ancient term, the word "sailor" has come to mean many things. Sailor may refer to: </p> <ul><li>A person who is under sail and not on a vessel with motorized power of any kind in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>,</li> <li>A person who goes out <a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">sailing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boating" title="Boating">boating</a> or <a href="/wiki/Yachting" title="Yachting">yachting</a>,</li> <li>A person who practices the art of controlling the motion of a sailing ship or <a href="/wiki/Sailboat" title="Sailboat">sailboat</a> across a body of water,</li> <li>A member of a military naval force,</li> <li>Anyone on a boat,</li> <li>Anyone from a recruit to an <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">admiral</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">navy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Coast_guard" title="Coast guard">coast guard</a>,</li> <li>Members of the <a href="/wiki/Deck_department" title="Deck department">deck department</a> as opposed to members of other departments in the <a href="/wiki/British_Merchant_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="British Merchant Navy">Merchant Navy</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airman" title="Airman">Airman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Merchant_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="British Merchant Navy">British Merchant Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marines" title="Marines">Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">Sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_(sport)" title="Sailing (sport)">Sailing (sport)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_nautical_terms_(A-L)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of nautical terms (A-L)">Glossary of nautical terms (A-L)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_nautical_terms_(M-Z)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of nautical terms (M-Z)">Glossary of nautical terms (M-Z)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_oilfield_jargon" title="Glossary of oilfield jargon">Glossary of oilfield jargon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roughneck" title="Roughneck">Roughneck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailor_suit" title="Sailor suit">Sailor suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafarer%27s_professions_and_ranks" title="Seafarer's professions and ranks">Seafarer's professions and ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaman_(rank)" title="Seaman (rank)">Seaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Marine_Society" title="The Marine Society">The Marine Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine" title="United States Merchant Marine">United States Merchant Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_rowing" title="Ocean rowing">Ocean rowing</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On smaller vessels with a single mate 6 hours on and 6 hours off are common. Mariners employed on Great Lakes ships work 60 days and have 30 days off. They do not work in the winter when the lakes are frozen. Workers on rivers, on canals, and in harbors are more likely to have year-round work. Some work 8-hour or 12-hour shifts and go home every day. Others work steadily for a week or a month and then have an extended period off. When working, they usually are on duty for 6 or 12 hours and off for 6 or 12 hours. Those on smaller vessels are normally assigned to one vessel and have steady employment.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171027212132/https://www.edumaritime.org/">"Maritime seagoing career – offshore and onshore"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edumaritime.org/">the original</a> on 2017-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maritime+seagoing+career+%E2%80%93+offshore+and+onshore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edumaritime.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASailor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bls-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bls_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">* <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos247.htm">"Water Transportation Occupations"</a>. <i>U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+Labor%2C+Bureau+of+Labor+Statistics&rft.atitle=Water+Transportation+Occupations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bls.gov%2Foco%2Focos247.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASailor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sailors" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sailors">Sailors</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929080227/http://vetsuccess.gov/resources/occupations/profile?id=293">Survey of Water Transport Occupations</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070331010112/http://www.socp.org/Cardiff%20research_report.pdf">Seafarer Fatigue: The Cardiff Research Programme</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=sailor">Sailor at Etymology Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/8273847/Sea-no-evil-the-life-of-a-modern-sailor.html"><i>The Telegraph</i>, <i>Sea no evil: the life of a modern sailor</i></a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shipboard_occupations" title="Template:Shipboard occupations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shipboard_occupations" title="Template talk:Shipboard occupations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shipboard_occupations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shipboard occupations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shipboard_occupations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Shipboard occupations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deck_department" title="Deck department">Deck<br /> department</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deck officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_captain" title="Sea captain">Shipmaster (captain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_duty_officer" title="Command duty officer">Officer of the watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_mate" title="Chief mate">Chief mate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_mate" title="Second mate">Second mate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_mate" title="Third mate">Third mate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deck_cadet" title="Deck cadet">Cadet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deck ratings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boatswain" title="Boatswain">Boatswain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Able_seaman" title="Able seaman">Able seaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_seaman" title="Ordinary seaman">Ordinary seaman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engine_department" title="Engine department">Engine<br /> department</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engine_officer" title="Engine officer">Engine officers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_engineer" title="Chief engineer">Chief engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_engineer" title="Second engineer">Second engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_engineer" title="Third engineer">Third engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_engineer" title="Fourth engineer">Fourth engineer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engine ratings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motorman_(ship)" title="Motorman (ship)">Motorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oiler_(occupation)" title="Oiler (occupation)">Oiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiper_(occupation)" title="Wiper (occupation)">Wiper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Steward%27s_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Steward's department">Steward's <br /> department</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Steward officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purser" title="Purser">Purser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Steward ratings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_cook" title="Chief cook">Chief cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_steward" title="Chief steward">Chief steward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steward%27s_assistant" title="Steward's assistant">Steward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_pilot" title="Maritime pilot">Maritime pilot</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sailor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_operations" title="Nautical operations">Nautical operations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45199#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45199#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45199#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85083770">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11944485z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11944485z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00570668">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="námořníci"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph123418&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007565740705171">Israel</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007565664105171">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10644233">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sailor&oldid=1230816980">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sailor&oldid=1230816980</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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