Population status and distribution of forest elephants (<i>Loxodonta cyclotis</i> Matschie, 1900) in Okomu National Park and Omo Forest Reserve, South-Western Nigeria | Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title> Population status and distribution of forest elephants (<i>Loxodonta cyclotis</i> Matschie, 1900) in Okomu National Park and Omo Forest Reserve, South-Western Nigeria | Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment </title> <meta name="generator" content="Open Journal Systems 3.3.0.11"> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="T.O. Amusa"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="C Omonu"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="E Olabode"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="N.J. Newton"/> <meta name="DC.Date.created" scheme="ISO8601" content="2017-07-20"/> <meta name="DC.Date.dateSubmitted" scheme="ISO8601" content="2017-07-20"/> <meta name="DC.Date.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2017-07-20"/> <meta name="DC.Date.modified" scheme="ISO8601" content="2017-07-20"/> <meta name="DC.Description" xml:lang="en" content="The study was carried out to determine the population status and distribution of forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis Matschie, 1900) in Okomu National Park (ONP) and Omo Forest Reserve (OFR), Nigeria. The Line Transect Survey Method, footprints analysis, trail cameras and in-depth discussion were used for data collection spanning between April 2015 and March 2016. Elephant densities were computed as described by Barnes and Jensen (1987), while the estimate of elephant numbers was extrapolated from the footprints diameter data. A mean density of 0.15 elephants/km2 was obtained for the rainy season in ONP, while it was 0.08 elephants/km2 during the dry season. In OFR, mean density was 0.14 elephants/km2 for the rainy season, while it was 0.06 elephants/km2 during the dry season. The estimate of elephant numbers revealed a total of 33 elephants comprising 24 adults (72.73%) and nine young ones (27.27%) in ONP. On the other hand, OFR support about 28 elephants consisting of 22 (78.57) adults and six young ones (21.43). Elephants were more randomly distributed during the rainy season than the dry season in the two study sites. However, within the two sites, the animals were restricted to few areas of the forest complex. The main factors contributing to the distribution of elephants in the study area are water and food availability, human disturbance and settlement camps. With the continued habitat alteration and anthropogenic pressure, especially in OFR, the population status of elephants remains a matter of significant concern.Keywords: forest elephants, dung counts, footprints analysis, population status, Nigeria"/> <meta name="DC.Format" scheme="IMT" content="application/pdf"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="158950"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.pageNumber" content="44-56"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.URI" content="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jrfwe/article/view/158950"/> <meta name="DC.Language" scheme="ISO639-1" content="en"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright (c) "/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content=""/> <meta name="DC.Source" content="Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment"/> <meta name="DC.Source.ISSN" content="2141-1778"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Issue" content="2"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Volume" content="9"/> <meta name="DC.Source.URI" content="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jrfwe"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="forest elephants"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="dung counts"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="footprints analysis"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="population status"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="Nigeria"/> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Population status and distribution of forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis Matschie, 1900) in Okomu National Park and Omo Forest Reserve, South-Western Nigeria"/> <meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Serial.Journal"/> <meta name="DC.Type.articleType" content="Articles"/> <meta name="gs_meta_revision" content="1.1"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="J. 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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. </div> </div> </section> <div class="col-md-8"> <section class="article-main"> <h2 class="sr-only">Main Article Content</h2> <header> <h1 class="page-header" style="color:#3B9E61;"> Population status and distribution of forest elephants (<i>Loxodonta cyclotis</i> Matschie, 1900) in Okomu National Park and Omo Forest Reserve, South-Western Nigeria </h1> </header> <div style="clear:both; border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"></div> <br> <div class="authors"> <div class="author"> <h5>T.O. Amusa</h5> </div> <div class="author"> <h5>C Omonu</h5> </div> <div class="author"> <h5>E Olabode</h5> </div> <div class="author"> <h5>N.J. Newton</h5> </div> </div> <div style="clear:both; border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"></div> <div class="article-summary" id="summary"> <h2 style="font-size:1.5em">Abstract</h2> <div class="article-abstract"> <p>The study was carried out to determine the population status and distribution of forest elephants (<em>Loxodonta cyclotis</em> Matschie, 1900) in Okomu National Park (ONP) and Omo Forest Reserve (OFR), Nigeria. The Line Transect Survey Method, footprints analysis, trail cameras and in-depth discussion were used for data collection spanning between April 2015 and March 2016. Elephant densities were computed as described by Barnes and Jensen (1987), while the estimate of elephant numbers was extrapolated from the footprints diameter data. A mean density of 0.15 elephants/km<sup>2</sup> was obtained for the rainy season in ONP, while it was 0.08 elephants/km<sup>2</sup> during the dry season. In OFR, mean density was 0.14 elephants/km<sup>2</sup> for the rainy season, while it was 0.06 elephants/km<sup>2</sup> during the dry season. The estimate of elephant numbers revealed a total of 33 elephants comprising 24 adults (72.73%) and nine young ones (27.27%) in ONP. On the other hand, OFR support about 28 elephants consisting of 22 (78.57) adults and six young ones (21.43). Elephants were more randomly distributed during the rainy season than the dry season in the two study sites. However, within the two sites, the animals were restricted to few areas of the forest complex. The main factors contributing to the distribution of elephants in the study area are water and food availability, human disturbance and settlement camps. With the continued habitat alteration and anthropogenic pressure, especially in OFR, the population status of elephants remains a matter of significant concern.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> forest elephants, dung counts, footprints analysis, population status, Nigeria</p> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </article> </div> </main>  <div class="modal fade" id="donateModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Donate</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <p>AJOL is a Non Profit Organisation that cannot function without donations. AJOL and the millions of African and international researchers who rely on our free services are deeply grateful for your contribution. 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Population status and distribution of forest elephants (<i>Loxodonta cyclotis</i> Matschie, 1900) in Okomu National Park and Omo Forest Reserve, South-Western Nigeria | Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment