Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

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name="lib_card" id="lcnum"></input> <div id="lcnumError" class="error-message display-none">Please enter your library card number</div> </div> <div class="formRow" id="libcardSubmitRow"><input onclick="validate_libcard_form(event);" value="Sign in" id="libcardSubmit" type="submit"></input></div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="homeFrame"> <div id="homeFrameInnerWrap"> <div id="featuredBook"> <div id="featuredBookBlock" class="contentBlock"><div class="pattern-library-style-root"> <div class="region"> <div class="pageRow welcomePanel"> <div class="column12 welcomeBox"> <div class="welcomeBody"> <h1>Welcome to Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</h1> <ul> <li>Over <strong>63,000</strong> biographies, <strong>75 million</strong> words, <strong>12,000 portraits</strong> of significant, influential or notorious figures who shaped British history – <a href="/search?q=&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true">perform advanced search</a></li> <li>Life of the day now available by <a href="/oso/emailsignupform/lifeoftheday">email</a> or <a href="/rss/lifeoftheday">RSS feed</a>.</li> <li>Learn about our <a href="/page/The-Editor">editors </a>and read the <a href="/page/letter-from-the-editor">Letter from the General Editor</a> Professor Sir David Cannadine.</li> </ul> <p><a referrer="origin-when-cross-origin" href="page/about">Learn more</a></p> <p><a href="/page/librarians">Information for Librarians</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="homeTabsAndPanels"> <div id="homePanels"> <div class="top"> <div id="rightHandTextBlock" class="contentBlock"><div class="pattern-library-style-root"> <div class="region"> <div class="pageRow featuredPanel"> <div class="column6 featuredBox featuredArticle"> <div class="featuredBody"> <p class="articleCategory">What's new</p> <h3><a href="/newsitem/856/whats-new-november-2024">What’s New: November 2024</a></h3> <p>This month’s update adds thirteen new articles on people active over four centuries including: Anthony Knipe, an English merchant in Sweden in the 1630s; the royal administrator Peter Hume now identified as a founder of English literary critique; three surgeon anatomists in eighteenth-century London; the writer on colour theory Mary Gartside; the Sussex schoolmistress and poet, and friend of Shelley, Elizabeth Hitchener; Charles Lenox Richardson, a London merchant in pre-Meiji Japan; and Alice Abigail Corkran, editor of the Girl’s Realm; together with a biographical survey of the founders of the Savile Club.</p> <p><a href="/newsitem/856/whats-new-november-2024">Read the introduction</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="column6 featuredBox featuredArticle"> <div class="featuredBody"> <p class="articleCategory">Featured </p> <h3><a href="/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-30556">Balfour, Gerald William, second earl of Balfour (1853–1945), politician and psychical researcher </a></h3> <a href="/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-30556"><img style="width: 400px; height: 556px;" src="/fileasset/241112%20-%20Balfour_30556.jpg"/></a> <p>The politician <a href="/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-30556">Gerald Balfour</a>, who was secretary for Ireland from 1895 to 1900, devoted his long retirement from politics to psychical research. Correspondence from his female circle sheds light both on his own preoccupations and those of elite women at the turn of the twentieth century.</p> <p><a href="/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-30556">Find out more</a></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="region"> <div class="pageRow"> <div class="column6 listBox"> <div class="listBody"> <h3>Podcasts</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-9000172">Harry Patch, First World War veteran</a></li> <li><a href="/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-9000004">Flora MacDonald, Jacobite heroine</a></li> <li><a href="/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-9000076">Geoffrey Malins, filmmaker and adventurer</a></li> <li><a href="/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-9000122">Edith Cavell, nurse and war heroine</a></li> </ul> <p><a href="/page/listen-to-a-life">Discover more podcasts</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="column6 listBox"> <div class="listBody"> <h3>Latest Tweets</h3> <div class="twitterBody"> <div><a referrer="origin-when-cross-origin" href="https://twitter.com/odnb" data-theme="light" data-link-color="#006fb7" data-chrome="noheader nofooter transparent" data-border-color="#cfd5e5" class="twitter-timeline">Tweets by odnb</a> <script charset="utf-8" src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" async=""></script></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p> </p> </div> </div> <div class="message-feed-containter"> <div class="message-feed-content oftheday"> <h2 class="message-feed-header">Life of the day</h2> <a href="/rss/lifeoftheday" rel="feed" class="rss ico-rss"><span>RSS</span></a> <a onclick="return showNewLightbox(this, '450', '530', 'Email', 'emailUpdatesLightbox', 'Email your selection', '33')" class="emailUpdatesSignup ico-email" href="/oso/emailsignupform/lifeoftheday"><span>Email updates signup</span></a> <div class="null message-feed-widget" id="lifeofthedayWidget"> <div class="message-feed-body"> <div ifp-element-xpath="/*[local-name() = 'message' and namespace-uri() = 'http://www.ifactory.com/press']/*[local-name() = 'body' and namespace-uri() = 'http://www.ifactory.com/press']/div[1]" id="lifeoftheday"><div class="fact"><a href="/viewbydoi/10.1093/ref:odnb/68775">John Winthrop (1714–1779), scientist</a></div></div><div ifp-element-xpath="/*[local-name() = 'message' and namespace-uri() = 'http://www.ifactory.com/press']/*[local-name() = 'body' and namespace-uri() = 'http://www.ifactory.com/press']/div[2]" style="clear:both;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="component component-content-item component-recent-news "> <div class="content-box box no-border vertical-margin-bottom null"> <div class="content-box-header bar py-4"> </div> <div class="content-box-body "> <h2> <a href="/news">News</a> </h2> <div class="typography-body "> <div class="newsBlurb news-item news-blurb mx-4 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h4 class="news-date mt-2 flex-order-3 text-caption "> NOVEMBER 14, 2024 </h4> <h3 class="news-title text-headline"> <a class="c-Button--link" href="/newsitem/856/whats-new-november-2024"> What's New: November 2024 </a> </h3> <div class="teaser news-teaser text-body1"> <div class="pattern-library-style-root"> <p>Welcome to the 116th update of the <em>Oxford DNB</em>, which has a special focus on lives with a global dimension, literary lives, and medical lives. This update adds twelve new biographies, spanning four centuries, and one reference group article, and also includes four revisited biographies. 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