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</li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_on_individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_on_individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Impact on individuals </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Impact_on_individuals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Impact on individuals subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Impact_on_individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Employment_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employment_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Employment effects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employment_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Government statistics </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_insecurity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Food insecurity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_insecurity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_by_economic_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_by_economic_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Impact by economic sector </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Impact_by_economic_sector-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Impact by economic sector subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Impact_by_economic_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Financial_market_impacts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_market_impacts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Financial market impacts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_market_impacts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Energy sector </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Health care sector </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Production_of_emergency_supplies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production_of_emergency_supplies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Production of emergency supplies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production_of_emergency_supplies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_aid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_aid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1.1 International aid </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_aid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surge_in_medical_personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surge_in_medical_personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 Surge in medical personnel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surge_in_medical_personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Telemedicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telemedicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.3 Telemedicine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telemedicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meat_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meat_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Meat industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meat_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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id="toc-Transport_and_transport_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_and_transport_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11 Transport and transport safety </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_and_transport_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_real_estate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_real_estate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.12 Commercial real estate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_real_estate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_on_federal_budget_deficit_and_debt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_on_federal_budget_deficit_and_debt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Impact on federal budget deficit and debt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_on_federal_budget_deficit_and_debt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><a href="/wiki/File:IMF_World_Economic_Outlook_January_2021_Real_GDP_growth_rate_(map).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/IMF_World_Economic_Outlook_January_2021_Real_GDP_growth_rate_%28map%29.svg/240px-IMF_World_Economic_Outlook_January_2021_Real_GDP_growth_rate_%28map%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/IMF_World_Economic_Outlook_January_2021_Real_GDP_growth_rate_%28map%29.svg/360px-IMF_World_Economic_Outlook_January_2021_Real_GDP_growth_rate_%28map%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/IMF_World_Economic_Outlook_January_2021_Real_GDP_growth_rate_%28map%29.svg/480px-IMF_World_Economic_Outlook_January_2021_Real_GDP_growth_rate_%28map%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2751" data-file-height="1396" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Map showing <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_real_GDP_growth_rate" title="List of countries by real GDP growth rate">real GDP growth rates</a> in 2020, as projected by the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">February 2020–May 2023<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Global_recession" title="Global recession">Global recession</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>–induced <a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">stock market crash</a> and lockdown</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Outcome</th><td class="infobox-data description" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li>Sharp rise in unemployment</li> <li>Stress on supply chains</li> <li>Decrease in government income</li> <li>Collapse of the travel, tourism, and <a href="/wiki/Hospitality_industry" title="Hospitality industry">hospitality industries</a></li> <li>Reduced consumer activity</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:COVID-19_pandemic" title="Category:COVID-19 pandemic">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom."><img alt="Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/110px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/165px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/220px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom.</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> (disease)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a> (virus)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">Cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">2019</a></dt></dl> <dl><dt>2020</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">January</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">February</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">April</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">May</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">July</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">September</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">November</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">December</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>2021</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">January</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">February</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">April</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">May</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">July</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">September</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021">November</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021">December</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>2022</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022">January</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022">February</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022">March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022">April</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022">May</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022">June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022">July</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022">August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022">September</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022">November</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022">December</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2023" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023">2023</a></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Locations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">By country and territory</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>By conveyance</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships">Cruise ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships">Naval ships</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)">International response</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endemic_phase_of_COVID-19" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic phase of COVID-19">Endemic phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Evacuations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">Face masks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">International aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_COVID-19" class="mw-redirect" title="Origin of COVID-19">Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns_by_country" title="COVID-19 lockdowns by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">Misinformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">by governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">Fake treatments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Social distancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic">United Nations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">World Health Organization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRIPS_Agreement_waiver" title="TRIPS Agreement waiver">WTO IP waiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country" title="Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country">Undercounting of deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_apps" title="COVID-19 apps">COVID-19 apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-COVID" title="Zero-COVID">Zero-COVID</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">National responses</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_government_response_to_COVID-19" title="Chinese government response to COVID-19">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Irish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">UK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">US</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">federal government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Vietnam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)">Medical response</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">Disease testing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer" title="Coronavirus breathalyzer">Breathalyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_COVID-19_tests" title="Development of COVID-19 tests">Development</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">Drug development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research" title="COVID-19 drug repurposing research">Drug repurposing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19" title="Public health mitigation of COVID-19">Public health mitigation</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">Vaccines</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development" title="History of COVID-19 vaccine development">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research" title="COVID-19 vaccine clinical research">Research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination" title="Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination">VITT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations" title="List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations">Authorizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">Misinformation and hesitancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card" title="COVID-19 vaccine card">Vaccine card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">Vaccine passports</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Current vaccines</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">CoronaVac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covaxin" title="Covaxin">Covaxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convidecia" title="Convidecia">Convidecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Janssen COVID-19 vaccine">Janssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine" title="MVC COVID-19 vaccine">Medigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Novavax COVID-19 vaccine">Novavax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">Oxford–AstraZeneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer–BioNTech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm BIBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_variant_of_concern" class="mw-redirect" title="SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern">Variants of concern</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant">Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant">Gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">Omicron</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other variants</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant">Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant">Zeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant">Eta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant">Theta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant">Iota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant">Kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant">Lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant">Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Cluster 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617" title="SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617">Lineage B.1.617</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic impact</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">recession</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage">Arts and culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company">Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Financial markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry">Food industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">Food security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_global_supply_chain_crisis#Shipping" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2022 global supply chain crisis">Shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States">US</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_American_sports_broadcasting" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on American sports broadcasting">sportscasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">programs</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry">Video games</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>By country</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">US</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports">By sport</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_baseball" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_basketball" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basketball">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports">Combat sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf">Disc golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games">Gaelic games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_gridiron_football" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gridiron football">Gridiron football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ice_hockey" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ice hockey">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport">Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league">Rugby league</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Impacts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">Long COVID</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_COVID-19_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes" title="Impact of COVID-19 on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes">Neurological and psychological symptoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-exertional_malaise" title="Post-exertional malaise">Post-exertional malaise</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Society</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_and_animals" title="COVID-19 pandemic and animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease_and_COVID-19" title="Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19">Alzheimer's disease patients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Black_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Black people">Black people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">Death rates by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_evacuation_procedures_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Emergency evacuation procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic">Emergency evacuations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_female_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on female education">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities">Long-term care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">Media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_migration" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migration">Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">Notable deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">Other health issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture" title="COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture">Popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy" title="COVID-19 in pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj">Hajj</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic">Strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_suicide_rates" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates">Suicides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_telehealth_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the telehealth industry">Telehealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Xenophobia and racism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Politics</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">US</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_(Wikimedia_colors).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="virus icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/15px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/22px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/30px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="711" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:COVID-19" title="Portal:COVID-19">COVID-19 portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar" title="Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The economic impact of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</a> has been widely disruptive, adversely affecting travel, financial markets, employment, shipping, and other industries. The impacts can be attributed not just to government intervention to contain the virus (including at the Federal and State level), but also to consumer and business behavior to reduce exposure to and spread of the virus. Real GDP contracted in 2020 by 3.5%, the first contraction since the <a href="/wiki/2008_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 financial crisis">2008 financial crisis</a>. Millions of workers were dislocated from their jobs, leading to multiple weeks of record shattering numbers of unemployment insurance applications. Consumer and retail activity contracted, with many businesses (especially restaurants) closing. Many businesses and offices transitioned to <a href="/wiki/Remote_work" title="Remote work">remote work</a> to avoid the spread of COVID-19 at the office. Congress passed several pieces of legislation, such as the <a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">American Rescue Plan Act of 2021</a> to provide <a href="/wiki/Stimulus_(economics)" title="Stimulus (economics)">stimulus</a> to mitigate the effect of workplace closures and income losses. The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a> reduced the <a href="/wiki/Federal_funds_rate" title="Federal funds rate">federal funds rate</a> target to nearly zero and introduced several liquidity facilities to keep financial markets functioning and to provide stimulus. In late 2021, inflation began to increase to levels not seen since the 1980s. Recovery from the recession began relatively quickly, with the recession only lasting one quarter according to the NBER. As of 2022, the unemployment rate reached its pre-pandemic levels - nevertheless, in many key aspects and industries, the U.S. economy has not completely recovered from the COVID-19 pandemic. A growing <a href="/wiki/Digital_divide" title="Digital divide">digital gap</a> emerged in the United States following the pandemic, despite non-digital enterprises being more dynamic than in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. In the United States, 48% of enterprises that were non-digital before to the pandemic began investing in digital technologies. 64% of firms that had previously implemented advanced digital technology also increased their investment in digitalisation.<a href="#cite_note-Bank-2022b-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> In the United States, 20% of jobs were found within firms that have not digitally transformed. According to a recent survey, these are called "sleepwalking firms", and are also more likely to pay lower wages and to create lower employment. These firms were also less likely to train their employees throughout the COVID-19 outbreak.<a href="#cite_note-Bank-2022c-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> In 2020, the U.S. GDP contracted at a 3.5% annualized rate. It was the biggest contraction since 1946 and the first contraction since 2009.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>'s Household Pulse Survey published weekly statistics of the effects of the pandemic on Americans' lives. For week 12 (July 16–21), 51.1% of respondents reported a loss of employment income since March 13, 2020, 12.1% reported food scarcity, 40.1% delayed getting medical care in the past four weeks, and 26.5% reported <a href="/wiki/Housing_insecurity_in_the_United_States" title="Housing insecurity in the United States">housing insecurity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statistical_summary">Statistical summary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Statistical summary">edit</a>]</div> The following table illustrates the impact of the pandemic on key economic measures. February 2020 represented the pre-crisis level for most variables, with the S&P 500 stock market index (a leading indicator) falling from its February 19 peak. From February through June, the number of persons with jobs was down 14.6 million. The U.S. also added $3.1 trillion to the public debt in just 4 months. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Variable </th> <th>Feb </th> <th>Mar </th> <th>Apr </th> <th>May </th> <th>June </th> <th>July </th> <th>August </th></tr> <tr> <td>Jobs, level (000s)<a href="#cite_note-Nonfarm_Payrolls-9">[9]</a> </td> <td>152,463 </td> <td>151,090 </td> <td>130,303 </td> <td>133,002 </td> <td>137,802 </td> <td>139,582 </td> <td>140,914 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jobs, monthly change (000s)<a href="#cite_note-Nonfarm_Payrolls-9">[9]</a> </td> <td>251 </td> <td>−1,373 </td> <td>−20,787 </td> <td>2,699 </td> <td>4,800 </td> <td>1,780 </td> <td>1,371 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unemployment rate %<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> </td> <td>3.5% </td> <td>4.4% </td> <td>14.7% </td> <td>13.3% </td> <td>11.1% </td> <td>10.2% </td> <td>8.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Number unemployed (millions)<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> </td> <td>5.8 </td> <td>7.1 </td> <td>23.1 </td> <td>21.0 </td> <td>17.8 </td> <td>16.3 </td> <td>13.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Employment to population ratio %, age 25–54<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> </td> <td>80.5% </td> <td>79.6% </td> <td>69.7% </td> <td>71.4% </td> <td>73.5% </td> <td>73.8% </td> <td>75.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Inflation rate % (CPI-All)<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> </td> <td>2.3% </td> <td>1.5% </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>0.7% </td> <td>1.0% </td> <td>TBD </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stock market S&P 500 (avg. level)<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> </td> <td>3,277 </td> <td>2,652 </td> <td>2,762 </td> <td>2,920 </td> <td>3,105 </td> <td>3,208 </td> <td>3,392 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Debt held by public ($ trillion)<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> </td> <td>17.4 </td> <td>17.7 </td> <td>19.1 </td> <td>19.9 </td> <td>20.5 </td> <td>20.6 </td> <td>20.8 </td></tr> </tbody></table> In October 2021, however, annual consumer price inflation reached 6.2%, the biggest rise in 31 years.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_on_individuals">Impact on individuals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Impact on individuals">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Employment_effects">Employment effects</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Employment effects">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Racial_disparities_in_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Racial disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">Racial disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Government_statistics">Government statistics</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Government statistics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_payrolls_2005_to_2022.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/US_payrolls_2005_to_2022.png/330px-US_payrolls_2005_to_2022.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/US_payrolls_2005_to_2022.png/495px-US_payrolls_2005_to_2022.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/US_payrolls_2005_to_2022.png/660px-US_payrolls_2005_to_2022.png 2x" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>US non-farm payrolls, 2005 – January 2022</figcaption></figure> In the February 2020 jobs report, which reflected the employment situation before lockdowns began, 1.28 million Americans were classed as "permanent job losers". In August, that number was at 3.41 million, and in September it rose to 3.75 million. "Temporary layoffs", meanwhile, decreased, suggesting that some job losses originally understood as "temporary" had now become permanent.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> On May 8, 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics" title="Bureau of Labor Statistics">Bureau of Labor Statistics</a> reported that 20.5 million nonfarm jobs were lost and the unemployment rate rose to 14.7 percent in April.<a href="#cite_note-bls-april-2020-18">[18]</a> This followed reports of weekly initial claims for unemployment insurance that increased from a typical level of around 200,000 per week through early March, to 3.3 million the week of March 21, a peak of 6.9 million (March 28), and declines each week thereafter to 3.0 million the week of May 9. A total of 36.5 million filed for unemployment insurance from March 21 to May 9.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congressional Budget Office</a> estimated that costs for unemployment insurance claims were $49 billion in April 2020, versus $3 billion in April 2019. An estimated $27 billion of the increase was due to the $600/week increase in unemployment benefits due to the CARES Act.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> On May 20, 2021, the Labor Department reported that there had been only 444,000 unemployment claims during the previous week, the lowest number since the beginning of the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The United States depended on direct payments and loans to help individuals and businesses, regardless of whether jobs were retained. As a result, while aggregate hours worked decreased by around 15% in the United States and the European Union, unemployment increased significantly in the United States. However, in the United States, most firms that implemented digital technology were better able to avert worker reductions than non-digital firms.<a href="#cite_note-Bank-2022d-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-OECD-2022-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Giupponi-2020-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMF-2022-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Surveys_and_studies">Surveys and studies</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Surveys and studies">edit</a>]</div> In a paper published in early May 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Urban_Institute" title="Urban Institute">Urban Institute</a> estimated that about 25 million people would lose their employer-provided health insurance if the unemployment rate were to rise to 20%. Of these, they speculated, 12 million would obtain Medicaid coverage, 6 million would find coverage privately, and 7 million would become uninsured.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> By summer 2020, nearly two-thirds of households where an adult had contracted COVID-19 had also experienced job loss or a reduction in hours. Likewise, "serious financial problems" were reported by nearly two-thirds of those households, whereas such problems were reported by just under half of U.S. households overall, according to a survey by <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wood_Johnson_Foundation" title="Robert Wood Johnson Foundation">Robert Wood Johnson Foundation</a>, and the T.H. Chan School of Public Health at Harvard University that was conducted in July and August.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The impact of COVID-19 on employment varied widely across industries. For example, a study found that transportation workers were 20.6% more likely to be unemployed compared to those in other sectors, with specific sub-sectors like taxi drivers facing particularly severe job losses.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eviction_and_foreclosure">Eviction and foreclosure</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Eviction and foreclosure">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_eviction_moratoriums_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 eviction moratoriums in the United States">COVID-19 eviction moratoriums in the United States</a></div> The economic impact and mass unemployment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic raised fears of a mass <a href="/wiki/Eviction_in_the_United_States" title="Eviction in the United States">eviction crisis</a>, with an analysis by the <a href="/wiki/Aspen_Institute" title="Aspen Institute">Aspen Institute</a> indicating between 19 and 23 million, or 1 in 5 renters, were at risk for eviction by the end of September 2020.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> A separate July 2021 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> survey projects 7 million households unable to pay rent and at risk of eviction, with a potential 3 million eviction filings in the next two months.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The federal <a href="/wiki/CARES_Act" title="CARES Act">CARES Act</a> provided for a 120-day moratorium on evictions for federally backed properties, beginning on March 27 when the act was signed, and lasting til July 24<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> on eviction filings for rental units in properties that participate in federal assistance programs, or have a federally backed mortgage or multifamily mortgage loan.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> According to one estimate, this eviction moratorium covered 28% of all rental units in the United States;<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> however, there were no enforcement mechanisms provided.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> A number of cities and states also passed rulings suspending evictions for varying amounts of time.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> When these moratoria ended in June and July 2020, evictions increased in many states and jurisdictions.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> A new nationwide moratorium was announced by the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Centers for Disease Control">Centers for Disease Control</a> began on September 1 which banned evictions for most renters for the rest of 2020.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> The CARES Act also provided protection from foreclosure until August 31, 2020, for homeowners with federally backed mortgages.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The CARES Act also allows mortgage holders the right to a mortgage forbearance for up to 180 days, with another 180 days on request.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Several states also passed foreclosure moratoriums as well.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> uses their Household Pulse Survey<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> to gather data on both monthly rent and mortgage payments during the pandemic. For the week of July 16–21, 2020, 8,251,079 homeowners of owner-occupied housing units did not make their mortgage payment on time and 4,473,321 deferred their payments, out of 148,685,473 surveyed.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Similarly, 13,339,515 renters did not pay last month's rent, and 1,504,864 deferred their rent, out of 73,065,587 responses.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">Homelessness</a> had already been rising before the pandemic, with a 2% increase in the number of homeless people between January 2019 and January 2020.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_sales">Home sales</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Home sales">edit</a>]</div> People who could afford to buy homes enjoyed the lowest mortgage interest rates since at least 1971.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Home sales rose and showed a trend of people who could work from home moving out of expensive, large cities into smaller, lower-cost cities where they could afford larger homes with more on-site amenities.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> States like California and New York saw an exodus as a result of the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Housing prices rose amid a building boom as lumber futures reached an all-time high.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food_insecurity">Food insecurity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Food insecurity">edit</a>]</div> Food insecurity across the United States <a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_the_United_States#Coronavirus_(COVID-19)_pandemic_and_food_insecurity" title="Hunger in the United States">rose significantly in 2020</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Feeding America predicts that an additional 17 million people could become food insecure because of the pandemic, bringing the total to more than 54 million people in the country.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Before COVID-19, food insecurity was still prevalent, impacting 37 million people in the U.S. Since food insecurity and poor nutrition are "associated with chronic diseases that put people at higher risk for the more severe complications of COVID-19, the food access crisis has exacerbated the already glaring disparities in health outcomes for vulnerable people, including low-income people, children, older adults, and [undocumented immigrants living in the United States]."<a href="#cite_note-aamc.org-54">[54]</a> While the factors underlying racial and ethnic disparities are complex and multidimensional, disparities in food security have played a crucial role in the health inequities that have been witnessed during the pandemic. The ability to eat healthy, nutritious food depends on an individual's circumstances and environment.<a href="#cite_note-aamc.org-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The pandemic left millions of people in the U.S. at-risk when it comes to nutrition and overall health status. The pandemic complicated food insecurity among children, older adults, and undocumented immigrants. Feeding America stated that the estimated number of food-insecure kids could jump from 11 million to an estimated 18 million. Additionally, many children in the U.S. rely on free meals for sustenance. While food banks and pantries amped up services, the temporary disruption in these services could have devastating long-term consequences. Many seniors live on low and fixed incomes, resulting in decreased access to adequate nutrition and support services. Seniors are also particularly vulnerable to the devastating effects of COVID-19, leading many to avoid unnecessary visits to food pantries and health clinics. Undocumented immigrants are arguably the most vulnerable to food insecurity because they are ineligible for many government assistance programs. Even before the pandemic, 1 in 4 experienced food insecurity.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Food pantries encountered record numbers of clients, with many across the country serving 55 percent more people now than before the pandemic, according to Feeding America. The pandemic further stretched existing community resources, and it demonstrated the need for additional funding geared towards addressing the largest contributing factors of health – the social determinants of health.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_by_economic_sector">Impact by economic sector</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Impact by economic sector">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_market_impacts">Financial market impacts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Financial market impacts">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">2020 stock market crash</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:March_3,_2020_FOMC_Press_Conference_NZ73153_(49614546592).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/March_3%2C_2020_FOMC_Press_Conference_NZ73153_%2849614546592%29.jpg/220px-March_3%2C_2020_FOMC_Press_Conference_NZ73153_%2849614546592%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/March_3%2C_2020_FOMC_Press_Conference_NZ73153_%2849614546592%29.jpg/330px-March_3%2C_2020_FOMC_Press_Conference_NZ73153_%2849614546592%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/March_3%2C_2020_FOMC_Press_Conference_NZ73153_%2849614546592%29.jpg/440px-March_3%2C_2020_FOMC_Press_Conference_NZ73153_%2849614546592%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>March 3: Federal Reserve chairman <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Powell" title="Jerome Powell">Jerome Powell</a> announces a 50 basis point (0.5% percentage point) interest rate cut in light of "evolving risks to economic activity."</figcaption></figure> On February 27, 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones Industrial Average</a> (DJIA) dropped 1,191 points, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_daily_changes_in_the_Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="List of largest daily changes in the Dow Jones Industrial Average">largest single-day point drop</a> in the index's history at the time; some attributed the drop to anxiety about the epidemic.<a href="#cite_note-USA_Today_Dow_Feb_27-58">[58]</a> The same day, the S&P 500 logged a 4.4% decline.<a href="#cite_note-CNBC_SP_500_Feb_27-59">[59]</a> The record was beaten five more times during the outbreak on March 9 (2,013), March 11 (1,465), March 12 (2,353), and finally set the current record for most points lost in a single day by losing 2,997 points on March 16. It once again fell another 1,338 points on March 18. On March 13, the stock market rebounded for the single largest one-day point gain in the market's history by gaining 1,985 points after Trump declared a state of national emergency to free up resources to combat the virus.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> The six business days it took for the <a href="/wiki/S%26P_500_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="S&P 500 Index">S&P 500 Index</a> to drop 10% (from February 20 to 27) "marked the quickest 10% decline from an all-time high in the index's history."<a href="#cite_note-CNBC_SP_500_Feb_27-59">[59]</a> From January 21 to March 1, the DJIA dropped more than 3,500 points, equating to roughly a 13% decrease.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Stock index <a href="/wiki/Futures_contract" title="Futures contract">futures</a> declined sharply during Trump's March 11 address,<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones</a> declined 10% the following day—the largest daily decline since <a href="/wiki/Black_Monday_(1987)" title="Black Monday (1987)">Black Monday</a> in 1987—despite the Federal Reserve also announcing it would inject $1.5 trillion into money markets.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> By March 18, investors were shunning even assets considered safe havens during economic crises, such as government bonds and gold, moving into cash positions.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> By March 20, the Dow Jones was below the level when President Trump was inaugurated on January 20, 2017, having fallen 35% from its February peak.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> The markets rallied between March 23 and 26, with the Dow having its best three-day gain since 1931. On March 27, the Dow fell 3.5% and the S&P 500 fell 3.2%. The NASDAQ Index also fell. <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> fell 10%, while <a href="/wiki/Exxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Exxon">Exxon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> each fell 6%.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> In February 2020, the American companies <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> began lowering expectations for revenue because of supply chain disruptions in China caused by the virus.<a href="#cite_note-Forbes_MSFT-69">[69]</a> In a February 27 note to clients, <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> said it expects no earnings growth for U.S. companies in 2020 as a result of the virus, at a time when the consensus forecast of Wall Street expected "earnings to climb 7%."<a href="#cite_note-CNBC_Goldman-70">[70]</a> On March 20, 2020, as part of an <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">SEC</a> filing, <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a> cancelled all <a href="/wiki/Share_repurchase" title="Share repurchase">stock buyback</a> plans included a plan to repurchase stock worth $4 billion during the second quarter. The reasons AT&T gave for the cancellation was to invest the money into its networks and in taking care of its employees during the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In response to the economic damage caused by the pandemic, some economists have advocated for financial support from the government for individual Americans and for banks and businesses.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_Golden-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mankiw_Blog-73">[73]</a> Financial analyst <a href="/wiki/Karen_Shaw_Petrou" title="Karen Shaw Petrou">Karen Petrou</a> objected to government intervention on the grounds that it would alter the role of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a> and enshrine <a href="/wiki/Moral_hazard" title="Moral hazard">moral hazard</a> as a defining market principle.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Several officials <a href="/wiki/2020_Congressional_insider_trading_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Congressional insider trading scandal">faced allegations</a> of <a href="/wiki/Insider_trading" title="Insider trading">insider trading</a>, citing sales of their stock portfolios that coincided with private briefings and other statements regarding COVID-19, and almost immediately preceding <a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">a major stock market crash on February 20</a>. <a href="/wiki/Senate_Intelligence_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Intelligence Committee">Senate Intelligence Committee</a> chairman <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burr" title="Richard Burr">Richard Burr</a> sold up to $1.7 million of stocks while making public statements of reassurances of the government's level of COVID-19 preparedness. Georgia senator <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Loeffler" title="Kelly Loeffler">Kelly Loeffler</a> sold tens of millions of dollars worth of stocks after a closed briefing on the COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-ProPublicaBurr-75">[75]</a> Senator Dianne Feinstein, a member of the Senate intelligence committee, sold between $1.5m and $6m in stock of Allogene Therapeutics, a biotechnology company. U.S. Representative Nancy Pelosi's husband purchased $3.3 million worth of technology stocks expected to surge during a lockdown.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> On May 14, after having had a warrant served against him by the FBI, Burr announced that he would step down from his position during the investigation.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In 2021, 79% of US firms stated that the COVID-19 pandemic will have a long-term influence on requirements and priorities in investment.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bank-2022a-79">[79]</a> The supply of coins in the U.S. banking system was lowered to the point of rationing, due to many stores being closed, many coin-counting machines being unavailable, and fewer coins produced by the U.S. mint to protect employees.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> However, as the economy recovered from COVID-19, some such as J.P. Morgan Chase strategist Marko Kolanovic expected the U.S. stock market surge that happened since the trough to continue into 2021.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy_sector">Energy sector</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Energy sector">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2020_oil_industry_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 oil industry financial crisis">2020 oil industry financial crisis</a> and <a href="/wiki/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war" title="2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war">2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war</a></div> The U.S. oil, gas and chemicals industry lost 107,000 jobs between March and August 2020, according to Deloitte. When demand for jet fuel, diesel and gasoline suddenly dropped, oil was in oversupply.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_care_sector">Health care sector</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Health care sector">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Production_of_emergency_supplies">Production of emergency supplies</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Production of emergency supplies">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhode_Island_National_Guard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Rhode_Island_National_Guard.jpg/220px-Rhode_Island_National_Guard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Rhode_Island_National_Guard.jpg/330px-Rhode_Island_National_Guard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Rhode_Island_National_Guard.jpg/440px-Rhode_Island_National_Guard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6480" data-file-height="4320" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_National_Guard" title="Rhode Island National Guard">Rhode Island National Guardsman</a> sews <a href="/wiki/Cloth_face_mask" title="Cloth face mask">cloth face masks</a> on April 6, 2020.</figcaption></figure> In response to shortages, some alcoholic beverage facilities started manufacturing and distributing alcohol-based <a href="/wiki/Hand_sanitizer" title="Hand sanitizer">hand sanitizer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> opened its manufacturing, logistics, and purchasing infrastructure for use by Ventec, a Washington State manufacturer of medical ventilators.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> As medical mask manufacturers hired hundreds of new workers and increased output,<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> in response to urgent requests from hospital workers, volunteers with home sewing machines started producing thousands of non-medical masks which can be sterilized and re-used. Fabric was bought privately or donated by <a href="/wiki/Joann_Fabrics" class="mw-redirect" title="Joann Fabrics">Joann Fabrics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The CDC recommended the use of homemade masks (preferably in combination with a full-face splash shield) only as a "last resort" when no other respiratory protective technologies were available, including reused professional masks.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bauer_Hockey" title="Bauer Hockey">Bauer Hockey</a> began manufacturing face shields for medical applications on March 26.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Some U.S. officials and commentators criticized the outsourcing of critical materials—like the production of essential medical supplies—to China.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="International_aid">International aid</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: International aid">edit</a>]</div> Chinese billionaire <a href="/wiki/Jack_Ma" title="Jack Ma">Jack Ma</a> donated COVID-19 test kits and face masks to the United States.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The Russian government sent a cargo plane with ventilators and face masks.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Surge_in_medical_personnel">Surge in medical personnel</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Surge in medical personnel">edit</a>]</div> Several states and non-profit groups started recruiting retired medical personnel to increase staffing in hospitals and at temporary facilities.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Some jurisdictions granted emergency medical licenses to inactive doctors, and incoming resident doctors and interns, and expanded the tasks that nurses were allowed to do.<a href="#cite_note-ma-mar27-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Telemedicine">Telemedicine</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Telemedicine">edit</a>]</div> The COVID-19 pandemic led to a sharp increase in the use of <a href="/wiki/Telemedicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Telemedicine">telemedical services</a> in the United States, specifically for COVID-19 screening and triage.<a href="#cite_note-Telemedicine_demand-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-Telemedicine_surge_+_Ro's_service-98">[98]</a> As of March 29, 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit">[update]</a>, three companies offered free telemedical screenings for COVID-19 in the United States: K Health (routed through an AI <a href="/wiki/Chatbot" title="Chatbot">chatbot</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ro_(company)" title="Ro (company)">Ro</a> (routed through an AI chatbot), and GoodRx (offered through its HeyDoctor platform).<a href="#cite_note-Free_COVID-19_providers-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-Telemedicine_surge_+_Ro's_service-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ro_Chatbot-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meat_industry">Meat industry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Meat industry">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perdue_Chicken_Delivery_(49875267726).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Perdue_Chicken_Delivery_%2849875267726%29.jpg/220px-Perdue_Chicken_Delivery_%2849875267726%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Perdue_Chicken_Delivery_%2849875267726%29.jpg/330px-Perdue_Chicken_Delivery_%2849875267726%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Perdue_Chicken_Delivery_%2849875267726%29.jpg/440px-Perdue_Chicken_Delivery_%2849875267726%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3683" data-file-height="2946" /></a><figcaption>May 8, 2020: Distribution of frozen chicken to those in need in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, Maryland</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Meatpacking_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Meatpacking plant">Meatpacking plants</a> experienced sporadic shutdowns as many workers contracted COVID-19, resulting in spot meat shortages around the country.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] According to the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> issued a report stating that by April 27, out of 130,578 workers nationwide, at least 4,913 meat and poultry plant workers had COVID-19. Cases were reported in 115 plants located in 19 states, and at least 20 people had died.<a href="#cite_note-cdcmmap-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-usnmpw-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-bcold-103">[103]</a> At least 2 <a href="/wiki/USDA" class="mw-redirect" title="USDA">USDA</a> meat inspectors died of COVID-19,<a href="#cite_note-USAT2-104">[104]</a> 137 tested positive, and 704 others refused to work due to lack of protective equipment in a high-risk environment.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> As of April 22, 2020, about 25% of the pork processing capacity of the nation had been cut.<a href="#cite_note-waterloo-106">[106]</a> Beginning in late March 2020, weekly beef production was down 19% year-over-year.<a href="#cite_note-meatpacking,Covid19-107">[107]</a> As the fastest-growing mass-market meat animal in the United States, chickens were the most vulnerable to farms running out of capacity to hold an excess population. At least two million chickens were euthanized on farms in Delaware and Maryland rather than slaughtered for meat, due to lack of capacity to process them for human consumption.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> By May 5, around 18% of <a href="/wiki/Wendy%27s" title="Wendy's">Wendy's</a> restaurants (concentrated in certain geographic areas of the country) were unable to serve beef sandwiches, but still had chicken available.<a href="#cite_note-wendys_CNN-109">[109]</a> Wendy's uses fresh beef; in contrast, <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a>, which uses frozen beef, was unaffected.<a href="#cite_note-wendys_CNN-109">[109]</a> Supermarket and big box chains <a href="/wiki/Kroger" title="Kroger">Kroger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wegmans" title="Wegmans">Wegmans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costco" title="Costco">Costco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods" class="mw-redirect" title="Whole Foods">Whole Foods</a>, <a href="/wiki/ShopRite_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="ShopRite (United States)">ShopRite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam%27s_Club" title="Sam's Club">Sam's Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stop_and_Shop" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop and Shop">Stop and Shop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Price_Chopper_Supermarkets" class="mw-redirect" title="Price Chopper Supermarkets">Price Chopper Supermarkets</a>, and others started limiting the amount of meat purchased per customer.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-CoralMurphy-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Hundreds of millions of pounds of beef and pork remain in cold storage, originally intended for restaurants; the USDA started allowing this meat to be sold at grocery stores, though it must be cut down by store workers into consumer-sized packages.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restaurant_industry">Restaurant industry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Restaurant industry">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_sign,_restaurant,_Glynn_Co,_GA,_US_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Covid-19_sign%2C_restaurant%2C_Glynn_Co%2C_GA%2C_US_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Covid-19_sign%2C_restaurant%2C_Glynn_Co%2C_GA%2C_US_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Covid-19_sign%2C_restaurant%2C_Glynn_Co%2C_GA%2C_US_%28cropped%29.png/330px-Covid-19_sign%2C_restaurant%2C_Glynn_Co%2C_GA%2C_US_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Covid-19_sign%2C_restaurant%2C_Glynn_Co%2C_GA%2C_US_%28cropped%29.png/440px-Covid-19_sign%2C_restaurant%2C_Glynn_Co%2C_GA%2C_US_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3781" data-file-height="3829" /></a><figcaption>May 11, 2020: sign for curbside restaurant service only in <a href="/wiki/Brunswick,_Georgia" title="Brunswick, Georgia">Brunswick, Georgia</a></figcaption></figure> The U.S. restaurant industry was projected to have $899 billion in sales for 2020 by the <a href="/wiki/National_Restaurant_Association" title="National Restaurant Association">National Restaurant Association</a>, the main trade association for the industry in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Brownfield-2020-115">[115]</a> The industry as a whole as of February 2020 employed more than 15 million people, representing 10 percent of the workforce directly.<a href="#cite_note-Brownfield-2020-115">[115]</a> It indirectly employed close to another ten percent when dependent businesses such as food producers, trucking, and delivery services were factored in.<a href="#cite_note-Brownfield-2020-115">[115]</a> On March 15, Ohio Governor <a href="/wiki/Mike_DeWine" title="Mike DeWine">Mike DeWine</a> and Ohio Health Department director <a href="/wiki/Amy_Acton" title="Amy Acton">Amy Acton</a> ordered the closure of all bars and restaurants, saying the government "encouraged restaurants to offer carryout or delivery service, but they would not be allowed to have people congregating in the businesses."<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> The next day, Illinois, New York, New Jersey, and Maryland followed suit.<a href="#cite_note-Conradis-2020-117">[117]</a> Groups of restaurateurs in New York City and Cincinnati called on governments to provide help to the nation's small and independent restaurants.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brownfield-2020-115">[115]</a> On March 19 the New York group called for state governments to issue orders for rent abatements, suspension of sales and payroll taxes, and a full shutdown so business interruption insurance coverage would be triggered.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> On March 20 the Cincinnati group called on the federal government to provide a $225 billion bailout to the restaurant industry.<a href="#cite_note-Brownfield-2020-115">[115]</a> Several restaurant chains altered their operating procedures to prevent the spread of the virus, including removing seating, restricting the use of condiments, and switching to <a href="/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">mobile payment</a> systems. Many restaurants opted to close their dining rooms and instead switch to solely take-out food service to comply with <a href="/wiki/Physical_distancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical distancing">physical distancing</a> recommendations.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> According to the National Restaurant Association, 60% of restaurant owners did not think the relief programs would be enough to keep employees on payroll. Restaurants reported $30 billion in losses in March.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Office_workers">Office workers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Office workers">edit</a>]</div> By 2022, even though it was possible to bring employees back full-time, the necessity of working from home during the pandemic proved to many employers that it was feasible, and many office workers preferred to continue working from home several days a week. Most chose to extend weekends and work from home Monday and Friday. This leaves Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday as high-traffic days in downtown office districts, and negatively impacting patronage at businesses that serve office workers, such as lunch restaurants.<a href="#cite_note-lunch-122">[122]</a> More businesses began providing free food at offices in order to entice workers to return in person.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Some companies reconfigured their office spaces to avoid paying for unused desk space. This included leasing out empty space to other companies, and allocating more space to <a href="/wiki/Hot_desk" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot desk">hot desks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retail">Retail</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Retail">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Best_Buy_Line_I_(49674924422).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Best_Buy_Line_I_%2849674924422%29.jpg/220px-Best_Buy_Line_I_%2849674924422%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Best_Buy_Line_I_%2849674924422%29.jpg/330px-Best_Buy_Line_I_%2849674924422%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Best_Buy_Line_I_%2849674924422%29.jpg/440px-Best_Buy_Line_I_%2849674924422%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>March 18: <a href="/wiki/Best_Buy" title="Best Buy">Best Buy</a> lets only a limited number of people into their Union Square store in New York City.</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Retail_apocalypse" title="Retail apocalypse">Retail apocalypse</a></div> A number of retailers, particularly grocery stores, reduced their opening hours to allow additional time to restock and deep-clean their stores.<a href="#cite_note-tyko-125">[125]</a> Major stores such as <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albertson%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Albertson's">Albertson's</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trader_Joe%27s" title="Trader Joe's">Trader Joe's</a> also shortened their hours.<a href="#cite_note-tyko-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Some grocery store chains, including <a href="/wiki/Meijer" title="Meijer">Meijer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stop_%26_Shop" title="Stop & Shop">Stop & Shop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dollar_General" title="Dollar General">Dollar General</a>, devoted a portion of their operating hours to serve only senior citizens.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Many grocery stores and pharmacies began installing plexiglass sneeze guards at register areas to protect cashiers and pharmacists, and adding markers six feet apart at checkout lines to encourage customers to maintain physical distance.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> To prevent hoarding, many supermarkets and retailers placed limits on certain products such as toilet paper, hand sanitizer, over-the-counter medication, and cleaning supplies.<a href="#cite_note-hoarding-131">[131]</a> However, the <a href="/wiki/Food_Marketing_Institute" title="Food Marketing Institute">Food Marketing Institute</a> announced that its supply chain was not strained and all products would be available in the future.<a href="#cite_note-hoarding-131">[131]</a> Major retail chains started hiring tens of thousands of employees to keep up with demand, including Walmart (150,000), <a href="/wiki/CVS_Pharmacy" title="CVS Pharmacy">CVS Pharmacy</a> (50,000), Dollar General (50,000), and <a href="/wiki/7-Eleven" title="7-Eleven">7-Eleven</a> (20,000).<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sheetz" title="Sheetz">Sheetz</a> convenience stores began offering free meals to children in need at select stores in Maryland, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> A daily senior shopping hour, checkout line distancing markers, hand washing and sanitizer for employees, disinfecting wipes for customers to use on carts, and a ban on reusable bags became mandatory in Massachusetts on March 25.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Many stores began limiting the number of people inside at a time, to increase the typical distance between customers, resulting in outdoor lines with people spaced six feet apart.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Retail sales fell 8.3% in March and 16.4% in April, according to the Commerce Department.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The hardest-hit sectors included home furnishings (down by two-thirds over these two months) and clothing (down 89% over these two months).<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <a href="/wiki/Milk_delivery" title="Milk delivery">Milk delivery</a> services experienced demand which significantly exceeded pre-existing capacity.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> On June 19, 2020, about a month after starting to reopen their outlets in the US, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> temporarily closed 11 retail stores across <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona">Arizona</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Florida">Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> due to rising numbers of COVID-19 cases.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> In July 2020, the largest supermarket chain in the country, <a href="/wiki/Kroger" title="Kroger">Kroger</a>, stopped giving coins as change. Because the U.S. Mint had decreased coin production to protect its employees during the pandemic, and because banks were giving fewer coins to the Federal Reserve, Kroger had difficulty obtaining enough coins for its business. (Instead, Kroger offered to make charitable donations or to issue store credit to the customer.)<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> On June 13, 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Prime_Group" title="Washington Prime Group">Washington Prime Group</a>, an owner of over 100 U.S. shopping malls, filed for bankruptcy.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seafood_industry">Seafood industry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Seafood industry">edit</a>]</div> The COVID-19 pandemic affected fishing and seafood industries worldwide beginning with the temporary lockdown and closing of all but essential businesses. This affected restaurants, which are where 80% of fish and seafood consumption takes place in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-latimes20200320-142">[142]</a> Disruption to seafood exports resulted in cancelled orders to both national and overseas purchases.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Many fisheries became unprofitable and seafood export and import outlets were shuttered, with fishing crews and seafood processing workers being driven into finding other work as market dries up.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> President Trump also issued an executive order proposing U.S. farm-raised fish and shellfish as the new suitable form of seafood consumption in the United States. The executive order was meant to "encourage public-private partnerships and promote inter-agency, intergovernmental, and international cooperation in order to improve global maritime domain awareness… and economic growth,"<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> as well as strengthening national export and decreasing foreign competition.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> The pandemic impacted seafood supply chains on every level, from fisherfolk and coastal communities to large scale processors, distributors, foodservice buyers, and consumers.<a href="#cite_note-CanadaMobility-147">[147]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Many seafood commodities suffered from unprecedented drops in market value and the communities that capture and produce these commodities were significantly disrupted.<a href="#cite_note-CanadaMobility-147">[147]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> A variety of policy approaches balancing public and economic health were implemented in response. On May 7, 2020, the US Secretary of Commerce announced an amendment to Sec. 12005 of the <a href="/wiki/CARES_Act" title="CARES Act">COVID-19 Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act</a> allocating $300 million in financial assistance to COVID-19 affected coastal and fishery communities.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> On the same day, President Trump enacted the Executive Order on Promoting American Seafood Competitiveness and Economic Growth. The order aims to increase the competitiveness of the American seafood industry via deregulation. Under the order, all eight <a href="/wiki/U.S._Regional_Fishery_Management_Councils" title="U.S. Regional Fishery Management Councils">Regional Fishery Management Councils</a> must provide policy recommendations to "reduce burdens on domestic fishing" and initiate these recommendations by May 7, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shipping_and_mail">Shipping and mail</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Shipping and mail">edit</a>]</div> With consumers increasingly relying on online retailers, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> planned to hire another 100,000 warehouse and delivery workers and raise wages $2 per hour through April 2020. They also reported shortages of certain household staples.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> At its warehouses, Amazon stopped exit screenings, as well as group meetings at the beginning of shifts, and staggered shift times and break times. The company also announced it would provide up to two weeks of pay to all employees diagnosed with COVID-19 or placed into quarantine, but presumably not for employees who merely had symptoms of fever and cough.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Amazon workers complained paid medical leave was difficult to obtain because of limited access to COVID-19 testing, and some petitioned the company to extend paid leave to elderly and medically vulnerable workers without a positive test.<a href="#cite_note-kentucky-154">[154]</a> As small numbers of workers tested positive for COVID-19, various Amazon warehouses closed for sanitization, including one in Kentucky for several days.<a href="#cite_note-kentucky-154">[154]</a> Amazon workers at the <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> warehouse and some <a href="/wiki/Instacart" title="Instacart">Instacart</a> workers nationwide separately announced strikes for March 30, demanding access to PPE, better sick pay, hazard pay for Instacart orders, and a longer closure of the Staten Island warehouse for cleaning.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> From March 1 to September 19, 2020, nearly 20,000 of Amazon's U.S. employees tested positive or were presumed positive.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a> reported in March 2020 that employees at <a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">UPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/FedEx" title="FedEx">FedEx</a>, and <a href="/wiki/XPO,_Inc." title="XPO, Inc.">XPO, Inc.</a> were often pressured not to take time off, even with symptoms such as fever and cough consistent with COVID-19. Public health authorities stated the risk was relatively low to customers receiving packages, in part because COVID-19 does not live for very long on cardboard, but infection most certainly was a danger for employees working beside crowded conveyor belts.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> UPS and FedEx suspended all delivery time guarantees but continued domestic pickups and deliveries. Some international private package deliveries were delayed, while others were completely suspended due to government shutdowns in other countries.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> Domestic package delivery continued, with two- and three-day package delivery guarantees extended by one day, due to lack of affordable domestic cargo transportation (presumably due to cancellation of most passenger airline flights).<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> A large amount of mail was held due to sustained business shutdowns, with the USPS extending the time period before returning to sender.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> The USPS stopped accepting international mail for many countries, either due to suspension of service in the destination country or lack of affordable transportation.<a href="#cite_note-intl_may14-161">[161]</a> Some military and diplomatic mail destinations were also shut down.<a href="#cite_note-intl_may14-161">[161]</a> Some mail destined for Europe was diverted from air to sea transport, with a small number of containers sent by ships departing from the JFK International Service Center in New York for Rotterdam on April 20<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> and April 27,<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> 2020. Some postal workers complained of lack of social distancing at work and outages of supplies, including masks, gloves, and rubber bands.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> In response to the workplace hazards associated with handling and delivering <a href="/wiki/Reverse_logistics" title="Reverse logistics">returned packages</a>, some companies instituted policies meant to minimize risk to both workers and customers. Examples include extending the amount of time allotted to customers to return an item,<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> allowing customers to return an item to a physical location even if they purchased it online,<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> and quarantining returned packages for at least one day upon arrival in the warehouse. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Financial_impact_on_the_U.S._Postal_Service">Financial impact on the U.S. Postal Service</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Financial impact on the U.S. Postal Service">edit</a>]</div> Ultimately, the pandemic contributed to an increase in e-commerce. By mid-April 2020, with many businesses dropping advertising campaigns or closing completely, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> (USPS) experienced a 30% drop in volume<a href="#cite_note-save_usps-167">[167]</a> and projected a $13 billion loss in revenue<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> for 2020. The service was reluctant to accept a $10 billion loan allocated by the <a href="/wiki/CARES_Act" title="CARES Act">CARES Act</a> because it would increase already high debt levels and give too much control to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">U.S. Treasury</a>, possibly advancing the Trump administration's plan to privatize the postal service.<a href="#cite_note-npr_usps-169">[169]</a> It requested $89 billion in grant aid from Congress.<a href="#cite_note-save_usps-167">[167]</a> The initially projected 2020 losses did not occur. In the fiscal year 2020, compared to the previous year, the amount of mail sent by the USPS grew 18.8 percent and operating revenue increased nearly $2 billion.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Travel_industry">Travel industry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Travel industry">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delta_Planes_at_MCI_(49879371996)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Many in line airplanes with the Delta Air Lines logo on the tail, parked on pavement behind a fence." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Delta_Planes_at_MCI_%2849879371996%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Delta_Planes_at_MCI_%2849879371996%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Delta_Planes_at_MCI_%2849879371996%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Delta_Planes_at_MCI_%2849879371996%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Delta_Planes_at_MCI_%2849879371996%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Delta_Planes_at_MCI_%2849879371996%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> planes parked on a taxiway at <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_International_Airport" title="Kansas City International Airport">Kansas City International Airport</a>. The planes are parked due to the sharp decrease in demand for air travel.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_and_the_Vice_President_meet_with_Airline_CEOs_about_the_Coronavirus_(49618513938).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/President_Trump_and_the_Vice_President_meet_with_Airline_CEOs_about_the_Coronavirus_%2849618513938%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_and_the_Vice_President_meet_with_Airline_CEOs_about_the_Coronavirus_%2849618513938%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/President_Trump_and_the_Vice_President_meet_with_Airline_CEOs_about_the_Coronavirus_%2849618513938%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_and_the_Vice_President_meet_with_Airline_CEOs_about_the_Coronavirus_%2849618513938%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/President_Trump_and_the_Vice_President_meet_with_Airline_CEOs_about_the_Coronavirus_%2849618513938%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_and_the_Vice_President_meet_with_Airline_CEOs_about_the_Coronavirus_%2849618513938%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>March 4: President Trump and Airline CEOs discuss COVID-19's impact on the <a href="/wiki/Air_transportation_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Air transportation in the United States">travel industry</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._motor_gasoline_product_supplied_(49784554532).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/U.S._motor_gasoline_product_supplied_%2849784554532%29.png/220px-U.S._motor_gasoline_product_supplied_%2849784554532%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/U.S._motor_gasoline_product_supplied_%2849784554532%29.png/330px-U.S._motor_gasoline_product_supplied_%2849784554532%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/U.S._motor_gasoline_product_supplied_%2849784554532%29.png/440px-U.S._motor_gasoline_product_supplied_%2849784554532%29.png 2x" data-file-width="828" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>Demand for motor gasoline fell sharply.</figcaption></figure> In mid-March, most major American and foreign airlines began cutting back on domestic and international flights as a result of the sudden drop in travel demand from the pandemic and subsequent travel bans, phasing out some routes entirely.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-airlines-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Cruise lines suspended all departures from the United States on March 14.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> The outbreak produced occasional disruptions to <a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control">air traffic control</a> with <a href="/wiki/Area_control_center" title="Area control center">area control centers</a> in New York and Indianapolis, and airport towers at <a href="/wiki/Midway_International_Airport" title="Midway International Airport">Midway International Airport</a> in Chicago and <a href="/wiki/McCarran_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="McCarran International Airport">McCarran International Airport</a> in Las Vegas evacuated for sterilization after at least one person who had been in each tested positive for COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> On March 14, <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> reduced its service between Washington and Boston as the COVID-19 outbreak drastically decreased travel demand. It faced steep revenue losses during the crisis. It also asked noncritical employees "to take time off on an unpaid basis."<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> By the following week, New York's subways, usually the nation's busiest, were running mostly empty, which had the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a> using $1 billion from its line of credit to stay afloat.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> The lobbying group for the airline industry, <a href="/wiki/Airlines_for_America" title="Airlines for America">Airlines for America</a> (A4A), on March 16 called for a $50 billion subsidy, including $4 billion for cargo services.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a> reported that airlines were preparing for a ban on domestic flights after President Trump said on March 14 he was considering travel curbs and acting DHS Secretary <a href="/wiki/Chad_Wolf" title="Chad Wolf">Chad Wolf</a> said all options remained on the table when asked about a possible ban, the first since the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> in 2001. United Airlines said they expected a drop of $1.5 billion in March revenue, American Airlines said they expected to decrease domestic capacity by 20% in April and 30% in May, and Delta Air Lines told employees it would cut capacity by 40%.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_and_transport_safety">Transport and transport safety</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Transport and transport safety">edit</a>]</div> Covid has had many effects on transport: reduction of traffic, increase of speed, increase of extreme speeding, increase in commercial shipping activity, increase dependence as a commercial vehicle society, increase working hours for truckers, and increase death rates per motor vehicle accident in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> The <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="History of the trucking industry in the United States">freight industry</a> experienced a shortage of truck drivers,<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> and freight rates rose higher than 2019 levels.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> Supply problems and sudden demand for socially-distanced recreation and alternatives to public transport caused a shortage of bicycles.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_real_estate">Commercial real estate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Commercial real estate">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2020s_commercial_real_estate_distress" title="2020s commercial real estate distress">2020s commercial real estate distress</a></div> The pandemic reduced the value of office properties in New York City by as much as $28 billion.<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg_nyc_0921-183">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_on_federal_budget_deficit_and_debt">Impact on federal budget deficit and debt</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Impact on federal budget deficit and debt">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (July 2021)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, Congress and President Trump enacted the $2.2 trillion <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Aid,_Relief,_and_Economic_Security_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act">Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act</a> (CARES) on March 18, 2020. The <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congressional Budget Office</a> estimated that the budget deficit for fiscal year 2020 would increase to $3.3 trillion or 16% GDP, more than triple that of 2019 and the largest deficit since 1945 (measured as percentage of GDP). CBO also forecast the debt held by the public would rise to 98% GDP in 2020, compared with 79% in 2019 and 35% in 2007 before the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CBO_Aug2020-184">[184]</a> Additional proposals for large stimulus packages in late 2020 were stalled.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> In December 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Groundwork_Collaborative" title="Groundwork Collaborative">Groundwork Collaborative</a> think tank said a $3–4.5 trillion stimulus package would be needed to return the economy to pre-pandemic levels.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> On July 1, 2021, the Congressional Budget Office said the federal deficit would reach $3 trillion for the second year in a row.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> The national debt of the United States as of January 2022 reached $30 trilion.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Gross Domestic Product grew by between 5% and 6% in year 2021 and between 4% and 5% in the start of year 2022.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_bankruptcies">Corporate bankruptcies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Corporate bankruptcies">edit</a>]</div> The following list is a selection of American companies that filed for bankruptcy during the pandemic. <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th>Company </th> <th>Sector</th> <th data-sort-type="date">Date of filing</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guitar_Center" title="Guitar Center">Guitar Center</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> </td> <td>Musical instruments </td> <td>November 21, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Friendly%27s" title="Friendly's">Friendly's</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> </td> <td>Restaurant Chain </td> <td>November 2, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CBL_Properties" title="CBL Properties">CBL Properties</a><a href="#cite_note-CNBC-192">[192]</a> </td> <td>Shopping Mall Operator </td> <td>November 1, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PREIT" title="PREIT">PREIT</a><a href="#cite_note-CNBC-192">[192]</a> </td> <td>Shopping Mall Operator </td> <td>November 1, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Tuesday_(restaurant)" title="Ruby Tuesday (restaurant)">Ruby Tuesday</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> </td> <td>Restaurants </td> <td>October 7, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sizzler" title="Sizzler">Sizzler</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> </td> <td>Restaurants </td> <td>September 22, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Town_Sports_International_Holdings" title="Town Sports International Holdings">Town Sports International Holdings</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> </td> <td>Sports Clubs </td> <td>September 14, 2020 </td> <td>Owner of New York Sports Club, Boston Sports Clubs, Philadelphia Sports Clubs, Washington Sports Clubs, Lucille Roberts, TMPL Gym and Total Woman Gym and Spa. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Century_21_(department_store)" title="Century 21 (department store)">Century 21</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> </td> <td>Retail </td> <td>September 10, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stein_Mart" title="Stein Mart">Stein Mart</a><a href="#cite_note-Kiplingers-Bankruptcies-197">[197]</a> </td> <td>Retail </td> <td>August 12, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lord_and_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord and Taylor">Lord & Taylor</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> </td> <td>Retail </td> <td>August 2, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Denbury_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Denbury Inc.">Denbury Inc.</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> </td> <td>Energy </td> <td>July 30, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/California_Pizza_Kitchen" title="California Pizza Kitchen">California Pizza Kitchen</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> </td> <td>Restaurants </td> <td>July 29, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ascena_Retail_Group" title="Ascena Retail Group">Ascena Retail Group</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> </td> <td>Retail </td> <td>July 23, 2020 </td> <td>Parent company of <a href="/wiki/Ann_Inc." title="Ann Inc.">Ann Taylor and Loft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tween_Brands" class="mw-redirect" title="Tween Brands">Justice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lane_Bryant" title="Lane Bryant">Lane Bryant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tailored_Brands" title="Tailored Brands">Tailored Brands</a><a href="#cite_note-Kiplingers-Bankruptcies-197">[197]</a> </td> <td>Retail </td> <td>July 23, 2020 </td> <td>Holding company for Men's Wearhouse, <a href="/wiki/Jos._A._Bank" title="Jos. A. Bank">Jos. A. Bank</a>, K&G Fashion Superstore, and <a href="/wiki/Moores" title="Moores">Moores</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Briggs_%26_Stratton" title="Briggs & Stratton">Briggs & Stratton</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> </td> <td>Gasoline Engines </td> <td>July 20, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Brothers" title="Brooks Brothers">Brooks Brothers</a><a href="#cite_note-Kiplingers-Bankruptcies-197">[197]</a> </td> <td>Retail </td> <td>July 8, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sur_La_Table" title="Sur La Table">Sur La Table</a><a href="#cite_note-Kiplingers-Bankruptcies-197">[197]</a> </td> <td>Retail </td> <td>July 8, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Brand_Jeans" title="Lucky Brand Jeans">Lucky Brand Jeans</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> </td> <td>Apparel </td> <td>July 3, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chesapeake Energy">Chesapeake Energy</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> </td> <td>Energy </td> <td>June 28, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CEC_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="CEC Entertainment">CEC Entertainment</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> (parent company of <a href="/wiki/Chuck_E._Cheese" title="Chuck E. Cheese">Chuck E. Cheese</a>) </td> <td>Restaurants </td> <td>June 25, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GNC_(store)" class="mw-redirect" title="GNC (store)">GNC Holdings Inc</a><a href="#cite_note-Kiplingers-Bankruptcies-197">[197]</a> </td> <td>Retail </td> <td>June 23, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/24_Hour_Fitness" title="24 Hour Fitness">24 Hour Fitness</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> </td> <td>Fitness Centers </td> <td>June 15, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Skillsoft" title="Skillsoft">Skillsoft</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> </td> <td>Software </td> <td>June 15, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuesday_Morning" title="Tuesday Morning">Tuesday Morning</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> </td> <td>Retail </td> <td>May 27, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Advantage_Rent_a_Car" title="Advantage Rent a Car">Advantage Rent a Car</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Car_rental" title="Car rental">Car rental</a> </td> <td>May 26, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Hertz_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hertz Corporation">The Hertz Corporation</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Car_rental" title="Car rental">Car rental</a> </td> <td>May 22, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Exide" title="Exide">Exide</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> </td> <td>Batteries </td> <td>May 19, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/J._C._Penney" class="mw-redirect" title="J. C. Penney">J. C. Penney</a> (operating as JCPenney)<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> </td> <td>Retail </td> <td>May 15, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Intelsat" title="Intelsat">Intelsat</a><a href="#cite_note-Kiplingers-Bankruptcies-197">[197]</a> </td> <td>Communications </td> <td>May 13, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stage_Stores" title="Stage Stores">Stage Stores</a><a href="#cite_note-Kiplingers-Bankruptcies-197">[197]</a> </td> <td>Retail </td> <td>May 11, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neiman_Marcus" title="Neiman Marcus">Neiman Marcus</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> </td> <td>Retail </td> <td>May 7, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Souplantation" class="mw-redirect" title="Souplantation">Sweet Tomatoes</a> (operating as Souplantation)<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> </td> <td>Restaurants </td> <td>May 7, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gold%27s_Gym" title="Gold's Gym">Gold's Gym</a><a href="#cite_note-Kiplingers-Bankruptcies-197">[197]</a> </td> <td>Fitness Centers </td> <td>May 4, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/J.Crew" title="J.Crew">J.Crew</a><a href="#cite_note-Kiplingers-Bankruptcies-197">[197]</a> </td> <td>Retail </td> <td>May 4, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Offshore_Drilling" title="Diamond Offshore Drilling">Diamond Offshore Drilling</a><a href="#cite_note-Kiplingers-Bankruptcies-197">[197]</a> </td> <td>Energy </td> <td>April 26, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frontier_Communications" title="Frontier Communications">Frontier Communications</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> </td> <td>Telecommunications </td> <td>April 14, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/True_Religion_(clothing_brand)" class="mw-redirect" title="True Religion (clothing brand)">True Religion</a><a href="#cite_note-Kiplingers-Bankruptcies-197">[197]</a> </td> <td>Retail </td> <td>April 13, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/XFL_(2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="XFL (2020)">XFL</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> league </td> <td>April 13, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FoodFirst_Global_Restaurants" class="mw-redirect" title="FoodFirst Global Restaurants">FoodFirst Global Restaurants</a><a href="#cite_note-Kiplingers-Bankruptcies-197">[197]</a> (parent company of Bravo! Cucina Italiana and Brio Tuscan Grille) </td> <td>Restaurants </td> <td>April 11, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dean_%26_DeLuca" title="Dean & DeLuca">Dean & DeLuca</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grocery_store" title="Grocery store">Grocery stores</a> </td> <td>April 1, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Whiting_Petroleum_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Whiting Petroleum Corporation">Whiting Petroleum Corporation</a><a href="#cite_note-Kiplingers-Bankruptcies-197">[197]</a> </td> <td>Energy </td> <td>April 1, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Modell%27s_Sporting_Goods" title="Modell's Sporting Goods">Modell's Sporting Goods</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sports_equipment" title="Sports equipment">Sporting goods</a> </td> <td>March 11, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Art_Van_Furniture" title="Art Van Furniture">Art Van Furniture</a><a href="#cite_note-Kiplingers-Bankruptcies-197">[197]</a> </td> <td>Retail </td> <td>March 8, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pier_1_(retail_chain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pier 1 (retail chain)">Pier 1 Imports</a><a href="#cite_note-Kiplingers-Bankruptcies-197">[197]</a> </td> <td>Retail </td> <td>February 17, 2020 </td> <td>Filing was before the pandemic, which resulted in company opting to liquidate. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output 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Retrieved April 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Amazon+Closes+Kentucky+Warehouse+After+Workers+Test+Positive&rft.date=2020-03-26&rft.aulast=Selyukh&rft.aufirst=Alina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fcoronavirus-live-updates%2F2020%2F03%2F26%2F822045229%2Famazon-closes-kentucky-warehouse-after-workers-test-positive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomic+impact+of+the+COVID-19+pandemic+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2020/03/30/823767492/amazon-instacart-grocery-delivery-workers-strike-for-coronavirus-protection-and-">"Amazon, Instacart Grocery Delivery Workers Demand Coronavirus Protection And Pay"</a>. NPR.org. 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Retrieved September 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Dean+%26+DeLuca+Files+for+Bankruptcy%2C+Still+Hopes+to+Reopen+Stores&rft.date=2020-03-31&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2020-04-01%2Fdean-deluca-files-for-bankruptcy-protection-from-creditors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomic+impact+of+the+COVID-19+pandemic+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2020" class="citation news cs1">Thomas, Lauren (July 25, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/25/list-these-are-the-retailers-that-have-filed-for-bankruptcy-in-2020.html">"These retailers filed for bankruptcy in 2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200929193559/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/25/list-these-are-the-retailers-that-have-filed-for-bankruptcy-in-2020.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved September 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=These+retailers+filed+for+bankruptcy+in+2020&rft.date=2020-07-25&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2020%2F07%2F25%2Flist-these-are-the-retailers-that-have-filed-for-bankruptcy-in-2020.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomic+impact+of+the+COVID-19+pandemic+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania">Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore">Singapore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden">Sweden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">Thailand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_early_cases_of_COVID-19_in_the_United_States" title="List of early cases of COVID-19 in the United States">early cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2021)">2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_States_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United States medical cases">Data</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_States_medical_cases_by_state" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United States medical cases by state">by state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_States_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United States medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 testing in the United States">Testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United States">Vaccination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States">mandates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States">misinformation and hesitancy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 misinformation by the United States">Misinformation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States and D.C.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alabama" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alaska" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arkansas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California" title="COVID-19 pandemic in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_California" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in California">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area">S.F. Bay Area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colorado" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Connecticut" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delaware" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Idaho" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iowa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Louisiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland">Maryland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Boston">Boston</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Boston">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Michigan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Minnesota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mississippi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Missouri" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nebraska" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Hampshire" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York City">New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Dakota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ohio" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio">Ohio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Columbus,_Ohio" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oklahoma" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oregon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon">Oregon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philadelphia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rhode_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tennessee" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austin,_Texas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Utah" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Virginia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C." title="COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">White House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Virginia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wyoming" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories and other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay Naval Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention" title="COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention">Immigration detention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Navajo_Nation" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Navajo Nation">Navajo Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Grand_Princess" title="COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess">Grand Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="COVID-19 pandemic on USS Theodore Roosevelt">USS Theodore Roosevelt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Responses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government response</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pre-pandemic exercises <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimson_Contagion" title="Crimson Contagion">Crimson Contagion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security#Event_201" title="Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security">Event 201</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Federal government response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic">Trump administration communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden_administration_COVID-19_action_plan" title="Biden administration COVID-19 action plan">Biden administration COVID-19 action plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state_and_local_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">State and local government responses</a> <ul><li>state responses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="California government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">California government response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_state_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="New York state government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">New York government response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Texas government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Texas government response</a></li></ul></li> <li>Regional responses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_States_Multi-state_Council" title="Eastern States Multi-state Council">Eastern States Multi-state Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Governors_Regional_Pact" title="Midwest Governors Regional Pact">Midwest Governors Regional Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_States_Pact" title="Western States Pact">Western States Pact</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_eviction_moratoriums_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 eviction moratoriums in the United States">Eviction moratoriums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Subcommittee_on_the_Coronavirus_Pandemic" title="United States House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic">House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force" title="White House Coronavirus Task Force">White House Coronavirus Task Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board" title="COVID-19 Advisory Board">COVID-19 Advisory Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups" title="Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups">Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic">Hospital ships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USNS_Mercy" title="USNS Mercy">USNS Mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USNS_Comfort" title="USNS Comfort">USNS Comfort</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Oval_Office_address" title="2020 Oval Office address">2020 Oval Office address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paycheck_Protection_Program" title="Paycheck Protection Program">Paycheck Protection Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic_Response_Accountability_Committee" title="Pandemic Response Accountability Committee">Pandemic Response Accountability Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Inspector_General_for_Pandemic_Recovery" title="Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery">Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Congressional_Oversight_Commission" title="COVID-19 Congressional Oversight Commission">COVID-19 Congressional Oversight Commission</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Preparedness_and_Response_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2020" title="Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020">Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Families_First_Coronavirus_Response_Act" title="Families First Coronavirus Response Act">Families First Coronavirus Response Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARES_Act" title="CARES Act">CARES Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paycheck_Protection_Program_and_Health_Care_Enhancement_Act" title="Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act">Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEROES_Act" title="HEROES Act">HEROES Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEALS_Act" title="HEALS Act">HEALS Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">American Rescue Plan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private response</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_COVID_Control" title="Center for COVID Control">Center for COVID Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covid_Act_Now" title="Covid Act Now">Covid Act Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID_Tracking_Project" title="COVID Tracking Project">COVID Tracking Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MusiCares_COVID-19_Relief_Fund" title="MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund">MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/30_Rock:_A_One-Time_Special" title="30 Rock: A One-Time Special">30 Rock: A One-Time Special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acting_for_a_Cause" title="Acting for a Cause">Acting for a Cause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Drag_Fest" title="Digital Drag Fest">Digital Drag Fest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Movie:_The_Princess_Bride" title="Home Movie: The Princess Bride">Home Movie: The Princess Bride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IHeart_Living_Room_Concert_for_America" title="IHeart Living Room Concert for America">iHeart Living Room Concert for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_It_Work!" title="Make It Work!">Make It Work!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Seder" title="Saturday Night Seder">Saturday Night Seder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_at_Home" title="Saturday Night Live at Home">Saturday Night Live at Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street:_Elmo%27s_Playdate" title="Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate">Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Disney_Family_Singalong" title="The Disney Family Singalong">The Disney Family Singalong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Disney_Family_Singalong:_Volume_II" class="mw-redirect" title="The Disney Family Singalong: Volume II">Volume II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take_Me_to_the_World:_A_Sondheim_90th_Birthday_Celebration" title="Take Me to the World: A Sondheim 90th Birthday Celebration">Take Me to the World: A Sondheim 90th Birthday Celebration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Together_at_Home" title="Together at Home">Together at Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Our_Selves" title="Saving Our Selves">Saving Our Selves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Parks_and_Recreation_Special" title="A Parks and Recreation Special">A Parks and Recreation Special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_Up_New_York!" title="Rise Up New York!">Rise Up New York!</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/U.S._Deaths_Near_100,000,_An_Incalculable_Loss" title="U.S. Deaths Near 100,000, An Incalculable Loss">U.S. Deaths Near 100,000, An Incalculable Loss</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Class_of_2020" title="Dear Class of 2020">Dear Class of 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduation2020" title="Graduation2020">#Graduation2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_Together:_America_Honors_the_High_School_Class_of_2020" title="Graduate Together: America Honors the High School Class of 2020">Graduate Together: America Honors the High School Class of 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_One:_A_Global_Film_Festival" title="We Are One: A Global Film Festival">We Are One: A Global Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Goal:_Unite_for_Our_Future" title="Global Goal: Unite for Our Future">Global Goal: Unite for Our Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Killer_Party" title="A Killer Party">A Killer Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Disney_Holiday_Singalong" class="mw-redirect" title="The Disney Holiday Singalong">The Disney Holiday Singalong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WrestleMania_36" title="WrestleMania 36">WrestleMania 36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratatouille_the_Musical" title="Ratatouille the Musical">Ratatouille the Musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman_AMC_Theatres_commercial" title="Nicole Kidman AMC Theatres commercial">Nicole Kidman AMC Theatres commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/93rd_Academy_Awards" title="93rd Academy Awards">93rd Academy Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/74th_Tony_Awards" title="74th Tony Awards">74th Tony Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stars_in_the_House" title="Stars in the House">Stars in the House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impacts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">Social</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election#Effects_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postal_voting_in_the_2020_United_States_elections" title="Postal voting in the 2020 United States elections">postal voting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19" title="2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19">2021 hospital crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_congressional_insider_trading_scandal" title="2020 congressional insider trading scandal">Congressional insider trading scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">Face masks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States">Foster care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Microsoft Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 protests in the United States">Protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_the_States" title="Open the States">Open the States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_election_protests" title="2020–21 United States election protests">Election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">United States Capitol attack</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_disparities_in_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Racial disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">Racial disparities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African diaspora">African-American communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities">Native American communities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States#Sports" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">programs affected</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_Video_Communications" title="Zoom Video Communications">Zoom Video Communications</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_pediatric_care_crisis" title="2022–2023 pediatric care crisis">2022–2023 pediatric care crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Economic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States">Meat industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States">Restaurant industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">Stock market crash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic">Strikes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Alabama_aluminum_plant_strike" title="2020–2021 Alabama aluminum plant strike">Alabama aluminum plant strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Allegheny_Technologies_strike" title="2021 Allegheny Technologies strike">Allegheny Technologies strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Bath_shipbuilders%27_strike" title="2020 Bath shipbuilders' strike">Bath shipbuilders' strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Columbia_University_strike" title="2021–2022 Columbia University strike">Columbia University strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Frito-Lay_strike" title="2021 Frito-Lay strike">Frito-Lay strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_HarperCollins_strike" title="2022–2023 HarperCollins strike">HarperCollins strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Heaven_Hill_strike" title="2021 Heaven Hill strike">Heaven Hill strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Hunts_Point_Produce_Market_strike" title="2021 Hunts Point Produce Market strike">Hunts Point Produce Market strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_John_Deere_strike" title="2021 John Deere strike">John Deere strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kellogg%27s_strike" title="2021 Kellogg's strike">Kellogg's strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Mercy_Hospital_strike" title="2021 Mercy Hospital strike">Mercy Hospital strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Michigan_graduate_students%27_strike" title="2020 Michigan graduate students' strike">Michigan graduate students' strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Nabisco_strike" title="2021 Nabisco strike">Nabisco strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Oregon_Tech_strike" title="2021 Oregon Tech strike">Oregon Tech strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Saint_Vincent_Hospital_strike" title="2021–2022 Saint Vincent Hospital strike">Saint Vincent Hospital strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_St._Charles_Bend_strike" title="2021 St. Charles Bend strike">St. Charles Bend strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_St._Paul_Park_refinery_strike" title="2021 St. Paul Park refinery strike">St. Paul Park refinery strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_University_of_Illinois_Hospital_strikes" title="2020 University of Illinois Hospital strikes">University of Illinois Hospital strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Virginia_Volvo_Trucks_strike" title="2021 Virginia Volvo Trucks strike">Virginia Volvo Trucks strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_Warrior_Met_Coal_strike" title="2021–2023 Warrior Met Coal strike">Warrior Met Coal strike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Adams" title="Jerome Adams">Jerome Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Atlas" title="Scott Atlas">Scott Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Azar" title="Alex Azar">Alex Azar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Birx" title="Deborah Birx">Deborah Birx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Bright" title="Rick Bright">Rick Bright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Gaynor" title="Pete Gaynor">Pete Gaynor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Giroir" title="Brett Giroir">Brett Giroir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hahn" title="Stephen Hahn">Stephen Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashish_Jha" title="Ashish Jha">Ashish Jha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Klain" title="Ron Klain">Ron Klain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Messonnier" title="Nancy Messonnier">Nancy Messonnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivek_Murthy" title="Vivek Murthy">Vivek Murthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Navarro" title="Peter Navarro">Peter Navarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_F._Perna" title="Gustave F. Perna">Gustave F. Perna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Redfield" title="Robert R. Redfield">Robert R. Redfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_T._Semonite" title="Todd T. Semonite">Todd T. Semonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moncef_Slaoui" title="Moncef Slaoui">Moncef Slaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Slavitt" title="Andy Slavitt">Andy Slavitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochelle_Walensky" title="Rochelle Walensky">Rochelle Walensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Jeff Zients</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State and local</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Acton" title="Amy Acton">Amy Acton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Adams" title="Eric Adams">Eric Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Greg Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Brown" title="Kate Brown">Kate Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_A._Chokshi" title="Dave A. Chokshi">Dave A. Chokshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">Bill de Blasio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">Ron DeSantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_DeWine" title="Mike DeWine">Mike DeWine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Garcetti" title="Eric Garcetti">Eric Garcetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Hochul" title="Kathy Hochul">Kathy Hochul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Hogan" title="Larry Hogan">Larry Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Inslee" title="Jay Inslee">Jay Inslee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Kenney" title="Jim Kenney">Jim Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Kemp" title="Brian Kemp">Brian Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_Lamont" title="Ned Lamont">Ned Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lori_Lightfoot" title="Lori Lightfoot">Lori Lightfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Murphy" title="Phil Murphy">Phil Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Gavin Newsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Pritzker" title="J. B. Pritzker">J. B. Pritzker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretchen_Whitmer" title="Gretchen Whitmer">Gretchen Whitmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolf" title="Tom Wolf">Tom Wolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scientists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaneer_Bar-Yam" title="Yaneer Bar-Yam">Yaneer Bar-Yam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Bergstrom" title="Carl Bergstrom">Carl Bergstrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandy_Cohen" title="Mandy Cohen">Mandy Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizzmekia_Corbett" title="Kizzmekia Corbett">Kizzmekia Corbett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Dean" title="Natalie Dean">Natalie Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Feigl-Ding" title="Eric Feigl-Ding">Eric Feigl-Ding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9line_Gounder" title="Céline Gounder">Céline Gounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Gottlieb" title="Scott Gottlieb">Scott Gottlieb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hotez" title="Peter Hotez">Peter Hotez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akiko_Iwasaki" title="Akiko Iwasaki">Akiko Iwasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashish_Jha" title="Ashish Jha">Ashish Jha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Lipsitch" title="Marc Lipsitch">Marc Lipsitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syra_Madad" title="Syra Madad">Syra Madad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Meyers" title="Lauren Meyers">Lauren Meyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mina_(epidemiologist)" title="Michael Mina (epidemiologist)">Michael Mina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Osterholm" title="Michael Osterholm">Michael Osterholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_Prather" title="Kimberly Prather">Kimberly Prather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caitlin_Rivers" title="Caitlin Rivers">Caitlin Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_(Wikimedia_colors).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="virus icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/26px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/39px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/52px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="711" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:COVID-19" title="Portal:COVID-19">COVID-19 portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economic_expansions_and_recessions_in_the_United_States_and_Commonwealth_of_Nations_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_%E2%80%93_Commonwealth_of_Nations_recessions" title="Template:United States – Commonwealth of Nations recessions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_%E2%80%93_Commonwealth_of_Nations_recessions" title="Template talk:United States – Commonwealth of Nations recessions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_%E2%80%93_Commonwealth_of_Nations_recessions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States – Commonwealth of Nations recessions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economic_expansions_and_recessions_in_the_United_States_and_Commonwealth_of_Nations_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_economic_expansions_in_the_United_States" title="List of economic expansions in the United States">Economic expansions</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_recessions_in_the_United_States" title="List of recessions in the United States">recessions in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations countries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aggregate_demand" title="Aggregate demand">Aggregate demand</a>/<a href="/wiki/Aggregate_supply" title="Aggregate supply">Supply</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effective_demand" title="Effective demand">Effective demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_glut" title="General glut">General glut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD%E2%80%93AS_model" title="AD–AS model">Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overproduction" title="Overproduction">Overproduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradox_of_thrift" title="Paradox of thrift">Paradox of thrift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominal_rigidity" title="Nominal rigidity">Price-and-wage stickiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underconsumption" title="Underconsumption">Underconsumption</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_cycle" title="Business cycle">Business cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflation" title="Deflation">Deflation</a>/<a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">Inflation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_inflation" title="Chronic inflation">Chronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_dichotomy" title="Classical dichotomy">Classical dichotomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinflation" title="Disinflation">Disinflation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_supply" title="Money supply">Money supply</a>/<a href="/wiki/Demand_for_money" title="Demand for money">demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrality_of_money" title="Neutrality of money">Neutrality of money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_level" title="Price level">Price level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_versus_nominal_value_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Real versus nominal value (economics)">Real and nominal values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velocity_of_money" title="Velocity of money">Velocity of money</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_expansion" title="Economic expansion">Economic expansion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_recovery" title="Economic recovery">Recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_stagnation" title="Economic stagnation">Stagnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_economic_expansions_in_the_United_States" title="List of economic expansions in the United States">U.S. expansions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interest_rate" title="Interest rate">Interest rate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nominal_interest_rate" title="Nominal interest rate">Nominal interest rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_interest_rate" title="Real interest rate">Real interest rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yield_curve" title="Yield curve">Yield curve</a>/<a href="/wiki/Inverted_yield_curve" title="Inverted yield curve">Inverted</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recession" title="Recession">Recession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balance_sheet_recession" title="Balance sheet recession">Balance sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_depression" title="Economic depression">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_recession" title="Global recession">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_recession" title="Rolling recession">Rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recession_shapes" title="Recession shapes">Shapes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagflation" title="Stagflation">Stagflation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recessions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of recessions in the United Kingdom">U.K. recessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recessions_in_the_United_States" title="List of recessions in the United States">U.S. recessions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_(economics)" title="Shock (economics)">Shock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demand_shock" title="Demand shock">Demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply_shock" title="Supply shock">Supply</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment" title="Unemployment">Unemployment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahm_rule" title="Sahm rule">Sahm rule</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_revolution" title="Commercial revolution">Commercial revolution</a> (1000–1760)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Slump_(15th_century)" title="Great Slump (15th century)">Great Slump</a> (1430–1490)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">Slump of 1706</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Frost_of_1709" title="Great Frost of 1709">Great Frost of 1709</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">1st Industrial Revolution</a> (1760–1840)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_credit_crisis_of_1772%E2%80%931773" title="British credit crisis of 1772–1773">British credit crisis of 1772–1773</a> <ul><li>1772–1774; <a href="/wiki/British_credit_crisis_of_1772%E2%80%931773#Effects_in_London" title="British credit crisis of 1772–1773">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_credit_crisis_of_1772%E2%80%931773#Scotland" title="British credit crisis of 1772–1773">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_credit_crisis_of_1772%E2%80%931773" title="British credit crisis of 1772–1773">American Colonies</a></li></ul></li> <li>1785–1788</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_Panic_of_1789" title="Copper Panic of 1789">Copper Panic of 1789</a>/<a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1792" title="Panic of 1792">Panic of 1792</a> (1789–1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1796%E2%80%931797" title="Panic of 1796–1797">Panic of 1796–1797</a> (1796–1799)</li> <li>1802–1804</li> <li>1807–1810</li> <li>1812</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Napoleonic_Depression" title="Post-Napoleonic Depression">Post-Napoleonic Depression</a> (1815–1821)</li> <li>1822–23</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1825" title="Panic of 1825">Panic of 1825</a> (1825–1826)</li> <li>1828–29</li> <li>1833–34</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1837" title="Panic of 1837">Panic of 1837</a> (1836–1838 and 1839–1843)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Early Victorian Britain</a>/ <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1849%E2%80%931865)" title="History of the United States (1849–1865)">Civil War-era United States</a> (1840–1870)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1845–46</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1847" title="Panic of 1847">Panic of 1847</a> (1847–1848)</li> <li>1853–54</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1857" title="Panic of 1857">Panic of 1857</a> (1857–1858)</li> <li>1860–61</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1866" title="Panic of 1866">Panic of 1866</a> (1865–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(1869)" title="Black Friday (1869)">Black Friday</a> (1869–1870)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Second_Industrial_Revolution" title="Second Industrial Revolution">2nd Industrial Revolution</a> (1870–1914)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_Depression" title="Long Depression">Long Depression</a>/<a href="/wiki/The_Great_Deflation" title="The Great Deflation">Great Deflation</a> <ul><li>1873–1879; <a href="/wiki/Long_Depression#United_Kingdom" title="Long Depression">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Depression#United_States" title="Long Depression">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depression_of_1882%E2%80%931885" title="Depression of 1882–1885">Depression of 1882–1885</a></li> <li>1887–88</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baring_crisis" title="Baring crisis">Baring crisis</a> (1890–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1893" title="Panic of 1893">Panic of 1893</a> (1893–1897)</li> <li>1899–1900</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1901" title="Panic of 1901">Panic of 1901</a> (1902–1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1907" title="Panic of 1907">Panic of 1907</a> (1907–1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1910%E2%80%9311" title="Panic of 1910–11">Panic of 1910–11</a> (1910–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_1914" title="Financial crisis of 1914">Financial crisis of 1914</a> (1913–14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">Interwar period</a> (1918–1939)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93World_War_I_recession" title="Post–World War I recession">Post–World War I recession</a> (1918–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depression_of_1920%E2%80%931921" title="Depression of 1920–1921">Depression of 1920–1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a></li> <li>1923–1924</li> <li>1926–1927</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> <ul><li>1929–1939; <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_Australia" title="Great Depression in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_Canada" title="Great Depression in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_India" title="Great Depression in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Zealand" title="History of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_South_Africa" title="Great Depression in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Great Depression in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States" title="Great Depression in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recession_of_1937%E2%80%931938" title="Recession of 1937–1938">Recession of 1937–1938</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93World_War_II_economic_expansion" title="Post–World War II economic expansion">Post–WWII expansion</a> (1945–1973)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recession_of_1949" title="Recession of 1949">Recession of 1949</a> (1948–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recession_of_1953" title="Recession of 1953">Recession of 1953</a> (1953–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recession_of_1958" title="Recession of 1958">Recession of 1958</a> (1957–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recession_of_1960%E2%80%931961" title="Recession of 1960–1961">Recession of 1960–1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recession_of_1969%E2%80%931970" title="Recession of 1969–1970">Recession of 1969–1970</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stagflation" title="Stagflation">Great Inflation</a> (1973–1982)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1973%E2%80%931975_recession" title="1973–1975 recession">1973–1975 recession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1973%E2%80%931975_recession#United_Kingdom" title="1973–1975 recession">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973%E2%80%931975_recession#United_States" title="1973–1975 recession">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_1980s_recession" title="Early 1980s recession">Early 1980s recession</a> <ul><li>1980–1982; <a href="/wiki/Early_1980s_recession#Canada" title="Early 1980s recession">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_1980s_recession#United_Kingdom" title="Early 1980s recession">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_1980s_recession_in_the_United_States" title="Early 1980s recession in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Moderation" title="Great Moderation">Great Moderation</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Great_Regression" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Regression">Great Regression</a> (1982–2007)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990s_United_States_boom" title="1990s United States boom">1990s United States boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_1990s_recession" title="Early 1990s recession">Early 1990s recession</a> <ul><li>1990–1991; <a href="/wiki/Early_1990s_recession_in_Australia" title="Early 1990s recession in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_1990s_recession#Canada" title="Early 1990s recession">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_1990s_recession#United_Kingdom" title="Early 1990s recession">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_1990s_recession_in_the_United_States" title="Early 1990s recession in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">1997 Asian financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_2000s_recession" title="Early 2000s recession">Early 2000s recession</a> (2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a> (2007–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a> <ul><li>2007–2009; <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Oceania#Australia" title="Great Recession in Oceania">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Asia#Bangladesh" title="Great Recession in Asia">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_the_Americas#Canada" title="Great Recession in the Americas">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Asia#India" title="Great Recession in Asia">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Asia#Malysia" title="Great Recession in Asia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Oceania#New_Zealand" title="Great Recession in Oceania">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Asia#Pakistan" title="Great Recession in Asia">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Africa" title="Great Recession in Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Asia#Sri_Lanka" title="Great Recession in Asia">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Europe#United_Kingdom" title="Great Recession in Europe">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_the_United_States" title="Great Recession in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">COVID-19 recession</a> <ul><li>2020–2022; <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession#Australia" title="COVID-19 recession">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession#Bangladsh" title="COVID-19 recession">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession#Belize" title="COVID-19 recession">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession#Botswana" title="COVID-19 recession">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession#Namibia" title="COVID-19 recession">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore#Economic_impact" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession#Zambia" title="COVID-19 recession">Zambia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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