CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Syracuse, Sicily - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"432393bd-dadc-4a6a-b37b-f1ea48990afd","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Syracuse,_Sicily","wgTitle":"Syracuse, Sicily","wgCurRevisionId":1257233392,"wgRevisionId":1257233392,"wgArticleId":28441,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages using the Phonos extension","Articles containing Latin-language text","Pages with Latin IPA","Articles containing Attic Greek-language text","Pages with Attic Greek IPA","Articles containing Doric Greek-language text","Pages with Doric Greek IPA","Articles containing Medieval Greek-language text","Pages with Medieval Greek IPA","Articles containing Greek-language text","Pages with Greek IPA","All articles with dead external links", "Articles with dead external links from June 2018","Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text","CS1: long volume value","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use Oxford spelling from December 2018","Use dmy dates from May 2020","Geography articles needing translation from Italian Wikipedia","Articles containing Italian-language text","Articles containing Sicilian-language text","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list","Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map","Pages with Italian IPA","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Pages with Sicilian IPA","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023","Articles needing additional references from April 2023","All articles needing additional references", "Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Commons link is on Wikidata","Webarchive template wayback links","Pages using the Kartographer extension","Syracuse, Sicily","8th-century BC establishments in Italy","Archaeological sites in Sicily","Cities and towns in Sicily","Coastal towns in Sicily","Corinthian colonies","Dorian colonies in Magna Graecia","Mediterranean port cities and towns in Italy","Municipalities of the Province of Syracuse","Populated places established in the 8th century BC","Sicilian Baroque","World Heritage Sites in Italy","Greek city-states"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Syracuse,_Sicily","wgRelevantArticleId":28441,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false, "wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":37.06916666666667,"lon":15.2875},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q13670","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.kartographer.staticframe","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Veduta_aerea_di_Siracusa_e_con_l%27Etna_sullo_sfondo_%28Foto_di_Angelo_Bonomo%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="716"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Veduta_aerea_di_Siracusa_e_con_l%27Etna_sullo_sfondo_%28Foto_di_Angelo_Bonomo%29.jpg/800px-Veduta_aerea_di_Siracusa_e_con_l%27Etna_sullo_sfondo_%28Foto_di_Angelo_Bonomo%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="477"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Veduta_aerea_di_Siracusa_e_con_l%27Etna_sullo_sfondo_%28Foto_di_Angelo_Bonomo%29.jpg/640px-Veduta_aerea_di_Siracusa_e_con_l%27Etna_sullo_sfondo_%28Foto_di_Angelo_Bonomo%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="382"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Syracuse, Sicily - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Syracuse_Sicily rootpage-Syracuse_Sicily skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Syracuse%2C+Sicily" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Syracuse%2C+Sicily" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Syracuse%2C+Sicily" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Syracuse%2C+Sicily" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Archaic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Archaic period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classical_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Classical period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hellenistic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hellenistic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Hellenistic period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hellenistic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperial_Roman_and_Byzantine_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial_Roman_and_Byzantine_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Imperial Roman and Byzantine period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_Roman_and_Byzantine_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emirate_of_Sicily" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emirate_of_Sicily"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Emirate of Sicily</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emirate_of_Sicily-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norman_kingdom_of_Sicily" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norman_kingdom_of_Sicily"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Norman kingdom of Sicily</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norman_kingdom_of_Sicily-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_medieval_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_medieval_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>High medieval period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_medieval_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-16th–20th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#16th–20th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>16th–20th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-16th–20th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buildings_of_the_Greek_and_Roman_periods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buildings_of_the_Greek_and_Roman_periods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Buildings of the Greek and Roman periods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buildings_of_the_Greek_and_Roman_periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buildings_of_the_Christian_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buildings_of_the_Christian_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Buildings of the Christian period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buildings_of_the_Christian_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_notable_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_notable_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Other notable buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_notable_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Famous_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Famous_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Famous people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Famous_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Syracuse, Sicily</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 100 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirakuse" title="Sirakuse – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sirakuse" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrakus" title="Syrakus – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Syrakus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A9" title="سرقوسة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سرقوسة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirakuz_(Siciliya)" title="Sirakuz (Siciliya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sirakuz (Siciliya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B2" title="سیراکوز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیراکوز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE" title="সিরাকুজা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিরাকুজা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Syracuse, Sicily" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Сіракуза – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сіракуза" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Сиракуза – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сиракуза" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Сиракуза – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сиракуза" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa_(munisipyo)" title="Siracusa (munisipyo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Siracusa (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrakusy" title="Syrakusy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Syrakusy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrakus" title="Syrakus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Syrakus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Συρακούσες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συρακούσες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirakuzo" title="Sirakuzo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sirakuzo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirakusa" title="Sirakusa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sirakusa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B2" title="سیراکوز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیراکوز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse" title="Syracuse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Syracuse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siorac%C3%BAs,_an_tSicil" title="Sioracús, an tSicil – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sioracús, an tSicil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%BF%A0%EC%82%AC" title="시라쿠사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시라쿠사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD" title="Սիրաքյուս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սիրաքյուս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirakuza" title="Sirakuza – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sirakuza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirakusa" title="Sirakusa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sirakusa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracusa" title="Syracusa – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Syracusa" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%C3%A6" title="Сиракузæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сиракузæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BDrak%C3%BAsa" title="Sýrakúsa – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sýrakúsa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94" title="סירקוזה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סירקוזה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%90" title="სირაკუზა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სირაკუზა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Сиракузы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сиракузы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse,_S%C3%AEs%C3%AElya" title="Syracuse, Sîsîlya – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Syracuse, Sîsîlya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracusae" title="Syracusae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Syracusae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirak%C5%ABzas" title="Sirakūzas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sirakūzas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirak%C5%ABzai" title="Sirakūzai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sirakūzai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirac%C3%BCsa" title="Siracüsa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Siracüsa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Сиракуза – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сиракуза" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%90" title="სირაკუზა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სირაკუზა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7" title="سيراكوزا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيراكوزا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ဆီရာကျုစ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆီရာကျုစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse_(Itali%C3%AB)" title="Syracuse (Italië) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Syracuse (Italië)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5" title="シラクサ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シラクサ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Сиракуза – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сиракуза" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrakus" title="Syrakus – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Syrakus" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B2" title="سائراکوز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سائراکوز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrakuzy" title="Syrakuzy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Syrakuzy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracuza,_Sicilia" title="Siracuza, Sicilia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Siracuza, Sicilia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Сиракузы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сиракузы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Syracuse, Sicily" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarausa" title="Sarausa – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sarausa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Syracuse, Sicily" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrak%C3%BAzy" title="Syrakúzy – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Syrakúzy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirakuze" title="Sirakuze – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sirakuze" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Сиракуза – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сиракуза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirakuza" title="Sirakuza – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sirakuza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrakusa" title="Syrakusa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Syrakusa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrakusa" title="Syrakusa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Syrakusa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE,_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="சிரக்கூசா, சிசிலி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிரக்கூசா, சிசிலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracuse" title="Siracuse – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Siracuse" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Сиракуз – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сиракуз" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2" title="ซีรากูซา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซีรากูซา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirak%C3%BCza" title="Siraküza – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Siraküza" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Syracuse, Sicily" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Сиракуза – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сиракуза" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%81%D8%8C_%D8%B5%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="سرقوسہ، صقلیہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سرقوسہ، صقلیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracuxa" title="Siracuxa – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Siracuxa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Siracusa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%93%E6%89%8E" title="锡拉库扎 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="锡拉库扎" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%8F%A4%E8%96%A9" title="斯拉古薩 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="斯拉古薩" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirakuza" title="Sirakuza – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sirakuza" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%93%E8%90%A8" title="锡拉库萨 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="锡拉库萨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13670#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Syracuse,_Sicily" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Syracuse,_Sicily" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&oldid=1257233392" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Syracuse%2C_Sicily&id=1257233392&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSyracuse%2C_Sicily"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSyracuse%2C_Sicily"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Syracuse%2C_Sicily&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Syracuse_(Italy)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13670" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Syracuse,_Sicily&params=37_04_09_N_15_17_15_E_region:IT_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°04′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">15°17′15″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.06917°N 15.28750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.06917; 15.28750</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Sicily, Italy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Sicily. For other places sharing the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Syracuse (disambiguation)">Syracuse</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" class="extiw" title="it:Siracusa">the corresponding article</a> in Italian</b>.  <i><small>(January 2022)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Italian Wikipedia article at [[:it:Siracusa]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|it|Siracusa}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Talk:Syracuse, Sicily">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Comune in Sicily, Italy</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Syracuse</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="it"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Siracusa</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span><br /><span title="Sicilian-language text"><i lang="scn">Saragusa</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Sicilian_language" title="Sicilian language">Sicilian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></i></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Comune di Siracusa</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:171px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Veduta_aerea_di_Siracusa_e_con_l%27Etna_sullo_sfondo_(Foto_di_Angelo_Bonomo).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Veduta_aerea_di_Siracusa_e_con_l%27Etna_sullo_sfondo_%28Foto_di_Angelo_Bonomo%29.jpg/288px-Veduta_aerea_di_Siracusa_e_con_l%27Etna_sullo_sfondo_%28Foto_di_Angelo_Bonomo%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Veduta_aerea_di_Siracusa_e_con_l%27Etna_sullo_sfondo_%28Foto_di_Angelo_Bonomo%29.jpg/432px-Veduta_aerea_di_Siracusa_e_con_l%27Etna_sullo_sfondo_%28Foto_di_Angelo_Bonomo%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Veduta_aerea_di_Siracusa_e_con_l%27Etna_sullo_sfondo_%28Foto_di_Angelo_Bonomo%29.jpg/576px-Veduta_aerea_di_Siracusa_e_con_l%27Etna_sullo_sfondo_%28Foto_di_Angelo_Bonomo%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="573" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Theatre_at_Syracuse,_Sicily.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Theatre_at_Syracuse%2C_Sicily.jpg/122px-Theatre_at_Syracuse%2C_Sicily.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Theatre_at_Syracuse%2C_Sicily.jpg/183px-Theatre_at_Syracuse%2C_Sicily.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Theatre_at_Syracuse%2C_Sicily.jpg/244px-Theatre_at_Syracuse%2C_Sicily.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:164px;max-width:164px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_dell%27orologio,_Ortygia,_Syracuse,_Province_of_Syracuse,_Sicily,_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Palazzo_dell%27orologio%2C_Ortygia%2C_Syracuse%2C_Province_of_Syracuse%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg/162px-Palazzo_dell%27orologio%2C_Ortygia%2C_Syracuse%2C_Province_of_Syracuse%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Palazzo_dell%27orologio%2C_Ortygia%2C_Syracuse%2C_Province_of_Syracuse%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg/243px-Palazzo_dell%27orologio%2C_Ortygia%2C_Syracuse%2C_Province_of_Syracuse%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Palazzo_dell%27orologio%2C_Ortygia%2C_Syracuse%2C_Province_of_Syracuse%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg/324px-Palazzo_dell%27orologio%2C_Ortygia%2C_Syracuse%2C_Province_of_Syracuse%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4899" data-file-height="2756" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:81px;max-width:81px"><div style="height:130px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_to_Archimedes_in_the_Syracuse._Sicily,_Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Monument_to_Archimedes_in_the_Syracuse._Sicily%2C_Italy.jpg/79px-Monument_to_Archimedes_in_the_Syracuse._Sicily%2C_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Monument_to_Archimedes_in_the_Syracuse._Sicily%2C_Italy.jpg/119px-Monument_to_Archimedes_in_the_Syracuse._Sicily%2C_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Monument_to_Archimedes_in_the_Syracuse._Sicily%2C_Italy.jpg/158px-Monument_to_Archimedes_in_the_Syracuse._Sicily%2C_Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="2953" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:207px;max-width:207px"><div style="height:130px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cattedrale,_Syracuse,_Province_of_Syracuse,_Ortygia,_Sicily,_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Cattedrale%2C_Syracuse%2C_Province_of_Syracuse%2C_Ortygia%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg/205px-Cattedrale%2C_Syracuse%2C_Province_of_Syracuse%2C_Ortygia%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Cattedrale%2C_Syracuse%2C_Province_of_Syracuse%2C_Ortygia%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg/308px-Cattedrale%2C_Syracuse%2C_Province_of_Syracuse%2C_Ortygia%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Cattedrale%2C_Syracuse%2C_Province_of_Syracuse%2C_Ortygia%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg/410px-Cattedrale%2C_Syracuse%2C_Province_of_Syracuse%2C_Ortygia%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4324" data-file-height="2756" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ortygia_bridges,_Syracuse,_Province_of_Syracuse,_Sicily,_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ortygia_bridges%2C_Syracuse%2C_Province_of_Syracuse%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg/142px-Ortygia_bridges%2C_Syracuse%2C_Province_of_Syracuse%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ortygia_bridges%2C_Syracuse%2C_Province_of_Syracuse%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg/213px-Ortygia_bridges%2C_Syracuse%2C_Province_of_Syracuse%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ortygia_bridges%2C_Syracuse%2C_Province_of_Syracuse%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg/284px-Ortygia_bridges%2C_Syracuse%2C_Province_of_Syracuse%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4134" data-file-height="2756" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fountain_of_Diana_(39548913321).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Fountain_of_Diana_%2839548913321%29.jpg/142px-Fountain_of_Diana_%2839548913321%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Fountain_of_Diana_%2839548913321%29.jpg/213px-Fountain_of_Diana_%2839548913321%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Fountain_of_Diana_%2839548913321%29.jpg/284px-Fountain_of_Diana_%2839548913321%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5212" data-file-height="3475" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><b>From top left</b>: <a href="/wiki/Ortygia" title="Ortygia">Ortygia</a> island, where Syracuse was founded in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greek</a> times, <a href="/wiki/Greek_Theatre_of_Syracuse" title="Greek Theatre of Syracuse">Greek Theatre</a>, Palazzo Dell'Orologio, Monument to <a href="/wiki/Archimedes" title="Archimedes">Archimedes</a> in Piazza Archimedes, <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Syracuse" title="Cathedral of Syracuse">Cathedral of Syracuse</a>, Ortygia Bridges, Fountain of Diana</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Syracuse.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Syracuse"><img alt="Flag of Syracuse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Syracuse.svg/100px-Flag_of_Syracuse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Syracuse.svg/150px-Flag_of_Syracuse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Syracuse.svg/200px-Flag_of_Syracuse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Siracusa-Stemma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Syracuse"><img alt="Coat of arms of Syracuse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Siracusa-Stemma.svg/77px-Siracusa-Stemma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Siracusa-Stemma.svg/115px-Siracusa-Stemma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Siracusa-Stemma.svg/154px-Siracusa-Stemma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="510" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Syracuse</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-overlays="["_f2119ac919bc33213ecc4bd2aa03a05b51136d2f"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Syracuse%2C_Sicily&revid=1257233392&groups=_f2119ac919bc33213ecc4bd2aa03a05b51136d2f" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Syracuse%2C_Sicily&revid=1257233392&groups=_f2119ac919bc33213ecc4bd2aa03a05b51136d2f 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Syracuse is located in Italy"><img alt="Syracuse is located in Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/250px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/375px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/500px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:85.379%;left:70.996%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Syracuse"><img alt="Syracuse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Syracuse</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Syracuse in Italy</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Italy</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_Sicily_location_map_IT.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Syracuse is located in Sicily"><img alt="Syracuse is located in Sicily" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Italy_Sicily_location_map_IT.svg/250px-Italy_Sicily_location_map_IT.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Italy_Sicily_location_map_IT.svg/375px-Italy_Sicily_location_map_IT.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Italy_Sicily_location_map_IT.svg/500px-Italy_Sicily_location_map_IT.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.309%;left:87.187%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Syracuse"><img alt="Syracuse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Syracuse</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Syracuse (Sicily)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Sicily</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Syracuse,_Sicily&params=37_04_09_N_15_17_15_E_region:IT_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°04′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">15°17′15″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.06917°N 15.28750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.06917; 15.28750</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Syracuse" title="Province of Syracuse">Syracuse</a> (SR)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Italia" title="Francesco Italia">Francesco Italia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">207.78 km<sup>2</sup> (80.22 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">17 m (56 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(31 December 2017)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-6c4193b2686f905553042f4ae1ae4934aea078c8-v18_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-6c4193b2686f905553042f4ae1ae4934aea078c8-v18-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">121,605<sup id="cite_ref-www.demo.istat.it_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.demo.istat.it-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">Syracusan,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Syracusian<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>(en)</small></span><br /><span class="nowrap">Siracusano <small>(it)</small></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">96100</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Italy" title="List of dialling codes in Italy">Dialing code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0931</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Patron saint</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Saint Lucy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Saint day</th><td class="infobox-data">13 December</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.siracusa.it/">comune.siracusa.it</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Syracuse</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/juː/: 'u' in 'cute'">juː</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/juː/: 'u' in 'cute'">juː</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">SY</span>-rə-kewss, -⁠kewz</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Siracusa</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[siraˈkuːza]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/52\/It-Siracusa.ogg\/It-Siracusa.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"It-Siracusa.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/It-Siracusa.ogg/It-Siracusa.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:It-Siracusa.ogg" title="File:It-Siracusa.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_language" title="Sicilian language">Sicilian</a>: <i lang="scn">Saragusa</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="scn-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sicilian" title="Help:IPA/Sicilian">[saɾaˈuːsa]</a></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a historic city on the <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, the capital of the Italian <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Syracuse" title="Province of Syracuse">province of Syracuse</a>. The city is notable for its rich Greek and Roman history, <a href="/wiki/Greek_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek culture">culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre" title="Amphitheatre">amphitheatres</a>, architecture, and as the birthplace and home of the pre-eminent mathematician and engineer <a href="/wiki/Archimedes" title="Archimedes">Archimedes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This 2,700-year-old city played a key role in ancient times, when it was one of the major powers of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> world. Syracuse is located in the southeast corner of the island of Sicily, next to the Gulf of Syracuse beside the <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a>. It is situated in a drastic rise of land with 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) depths being close to the city offshore although the city itself is generally not so hilly in comparison. </p><p>The city was founded by <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinthians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tenea" title="Tenea">Teneans</a><sup id="cite_ref-stra_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stra-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became a very powerful <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a>. Syracuse was allied with <a href="/wiki/History_of_Sparta" title="History of Sparta">Sparta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinth</a> and exerted influence over the entirety of <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a>, of which it was the most important city. Described by <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> as "the greatest Greek city and the most beautiful of them all",<sup id="cite_ref-cic_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cic-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it equaled <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> in size during the fifth century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-morr_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morr-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It later became part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. Under Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constans_II_(Byzantine_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constans II (Byzantine Empire)">Constans II</a>, it served as the capital of the Byzantine Empire (663–669). <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> later overtook it in importance, as the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a>. Eventually the kingdom would be united with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/Two_Sicilies" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Sicilies">Two Sicilies</a> until the <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a> of 1860. </p><p>In the modern day, the city is listed by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> along with the <a href="/wiki/Necropolis_of_Pantalica" title="Necropolis of Pantalica">Necropolis of Pantalica</a>. In the central area, the city itself has a population of around 125,000 people. Syracuse is mentioned in the Bible in the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a> book at 28:12 as <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a> stayed there.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of the city is <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Saint Lucy</a>; she was born in Syracuse and her feast day, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy%27s_Day" title="Saint Lucy's Day">Saint Lucy's Day</a>, is celebrated on 13 December. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="History_of_Syracuse"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Timeline of Syracuse, Sicily">Timeline of Syracuse, Sicily</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaic_period">Archaic period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Archaic period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_tyrants_of_Syracuse" title="List of tyrants of Syracuse">List of tyrants of Syracuse</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SNGANS_259.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/SNGANS_259.jpg/220px-SNGANS_259.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/SNGANS_259.jpg/330px-SNGANS_259.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/SNGANS_259.jpg/440px-SNGANS_259.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="248" /></a><figcaption>A Syracusan <a href="/wiki/Tetradrachm" title="Tetradrachm">tetradrachm</a> (c. 415–405 BC), sporting <a href="/wiki/Arethusa_(mythology)" title="Arethusa (mythology)">Arethusa</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga">quadriga</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Decadrachme_de_Sicile_sous_Denys_l%27Ancien.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Decadrachme_de_Sicile_sous_Denys_l%27Ancien.jpg/220px-Decadrachme_de_Sicile_sous_Denys_l%27Ancien.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Decadrachme_de_Sicile_sous_Denys_l%27Ancien.jpg/330px-Decadrachme_de_Sicile_sous_Denys_l%27Ancien.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Decadrachme_de_Sicile_sous_Denys_l%27Ancien.jpg/440px-Decadrachme_de_Sicile_sous_Denys_l%27Ancien.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1020" /></a><figcaption>Decadrachm struck at Syracuse, by the die-master Euainetos</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Athena_portrait_by_Eukleidas_on_Syracuse_tetradrachm_c._400_BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Athena_portrait_by_Eukleidas_on_Syracuse_tetradrachm_c._400_BC.jpg/220px-Athena_portrait_by_Eukleidas_on_Syracuse_tetradrachm_c._400_BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Athena_portrait_by_Eukleidas_on_Syracuse_tetradrachm_c._400_BC.jpg/330px-Athena_portrait_by_Eukleidas_on_Syracuse_tetradrachm_c._400_BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Athena_portrait_by_Eukleidas_on_Syracuse_tetradrachm_c._400_BC.jpg/440px-Athena_portrait_by_Eukleidas_on_Syracuse_tetradrachm_c._400_BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="941" /></a><figcaption>Syracusian tetradrachm with the portrait of Athena by Eukleidas, c. 400 BC</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sicily_Syracuse_Arethusa_Tetradrachm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="syracuse tetradrachm, arethusa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Sicily_Syracuse_Arethusa_Tetradrachm.jpg/220px-Sicily_Syracuse_Arethusa_Tetradrachm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Sicily_Syracuse_Arethusa_Tetradrachm.jpg/330px-Sicily_Syracuse_Arethusa_Tetradrachm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Sicily_Syracuse_Arethusa_Tetradrachm.jpg/440px-Sicily_Syracuse_Arethusa_Tetradrachm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="385" /></a><figcaption>Tetradrachm, circa 485–479 BC, with Arethusa on the obverse, and a quadriga driven by a male charioteer on the reverse.</figcaption></figure> <p>Syracuse and its surrounding area have been inhabited since ancient times, as shown by the findings in the villages of Stentinello, Ognina, Plemmirio, Matrensa, Cozzo Pantano and <i>Thapsos</i>, which already had a relationship with <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean Greece</a>. </p><p>Syracuse was founded in 734 or 733 BC in Sicily by Greek settlers from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tenea" title="Tenea">Tenea</a>, led by the <i><a href="/wiki/Oecist" class="mw-redirect" title="Oecist">oecist</a></i> (colonizer) <a href="/wiki/Archias_of_Corinth" title="Archias of Corinth">Archias</a>. There are many attested variants of the name of the city including <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Συράκουσαι</span></span> <i>Syrakousai</i>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Συράκοσαι</span></span> <i>Syrakosai</i> and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Συρακώ</span></span> <i>Syrakō</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-SyrakousaiLSJ_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SyrakousaiLSJ-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One observation cited for the origin of the name is that the <a href="/wiki/Phoenicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenicians">Phoenicians</a> called it Sour-ha-Koussim, which means "Stone of the seagulls" from which would come the name of Syracuse.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this etymology does not account for the name variant <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Συρακώ</span></span> <i>Syrakō</i>. Another possible origin of the city's name was given by <a href="/wiki/Vibius_Sequester" title="Vibius Sequester">Vibius Sequester</a> citing<sup id="cite_ref-VibiusS_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VibiusS-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> first <a href="/wiki/Stephanus_Byzantius" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephanus Byzantius">Stephanus Byzantius</a><sup id="cite_ref-SyrakousaiLSJ_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SyrakousaiLSJ-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SBEthnika_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SBEthnika-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in that there was a Syracusian marsh (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">λίμνη</span></span>) called <i>Syrako</i> and secondly <a href="/wiki/Marcian_of_Heraclea" title="Marcian of Heraclea">Marcian's</a> <i>Periegesis</i> wherein Archias gave the city the name of a nearby marsh; hence one gets <i>Syrako</i> (and thereby <i>Syrakousai</i> and other variants) for the name of Syracuse, a name also attested by <a href="/wiki/Epicharmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Epicharmus">Epicharmus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SyrakousaiLSJ_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SyrakousaiLSJ-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EpicharmusFr_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EpicharmusFr-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The settlement of Syracuse was a <a href="/wiki/Planned_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Planned city">planned event</a>, as a strong central leader, Arkhias the aristocrat, laid out how property would be divided up for the settlers, as well as plans for how the streets of the settlement should be arranged, and how wide they should be.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nucleus of the ancient city was the small island of <a href="/wiki/Ortygia" title="Ortygia">Ortygia</a>. The settlers found the land fertile and the <a href="/wiki/Sicels" title="Sicels">native tribes</a> to be reasonably well-disposed to their presence. The city grew and prospered, and for some time stood as the most powerful Greek city anywhere in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>. Colonies were founded at <a href="/wiki/Akrai" title="Akrai">Akrai</a> (664 BC), <a href="/wiki/Kasmenai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasmenai">Kasmenai</a> (643 BC), <a href="/wiki/Akrillai" title="Akrillai">Akrillai</a> (7th century BC), <a href="/wiki/Helorus" title="Helorus">Helorus</a> (7th century BC) and <a href="/wiki/Kamarina,_Sicily" title="Kamarina, Sicily">Kamarina</a> (598 BC). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical_period">Classical period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Classical period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Putz97.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Putz97.jpg/220px-Putz97.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Putz97.jpg/330px-Putz97.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Putz97.jpg/440px-Putz97.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption>Map of ancient Syracuse.</figcaption></figure> <p>The descendants of the first colonists, called <i>Gamoroi</i>, held power until they were expelled by the lower class of the city assisted by Cyllyrians, identified as enslaved natives similar in status to the <a href="/wiki/Helots" title="Helots">helots</a> of Sparta.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former, however, returned to power in 485 BC, thanks to the help of <a href="/wiki/Gelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelo">Gelo</a>, ruler of <a href="/wiki/Gela" title="Gela">Gela</a>. Gelo himself became the despot of the city, and moved many inhabitants of Gela, Kamarina and <a href="/wiki/Megara" title="Megara">Megara</a> to Syracuse, building the new quarters of Tyche and Neapolis outside the walls.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> His program of new constructions included a new theatre, designed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Damocopos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damocopos (page does not exist)">Damocopos</a>, which gave the city a flourishing cultural life: this in turn attracted personalities as <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, Ario of <a href="/wiki/Methymna" class="mw-redirect" title="Methymna">Methymna</a> and Eumelos of Corinth. The enlarged power of Syracuse made unavoidable the clash against the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthaginians</a>, who ruled western Sicily. In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Himera_(480_BC)" title="Battle of Himera (480 BC)">Battle of Himera</a>, Gelo, who had allied with Theron of <a href="/wiki/Agrigento" title="Agrigento">Agrigento</a>, decisively defeated the African force led by <a href="/wiki/Hamilcar" title="Hamilcar">Hamilcar</a>. A temple dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> (on the site of today's Cathedral), was erected in the city to commemorate the event.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Syracuse grew considerably during this time. Its walls encircled 120 hectares (300 acres) in the fifth century, but as early as the 470s BC the inhabitants started building outside the walls. The complete population of its territory approximately numbered 250,000 in 415 BC and the population size of the city itself was probably similar to Athens.<sup id="cite_ref-morr_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morr-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gelo was succeeded by his brother <a href="/wiki/Hiero_I_of_Syracuse" title="Hiero I of Syracuse">Hiero</a>, who <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cumae" title="Battle of Cumae">fought</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscans</a> at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cumae" title="Battle of Cumae">Cumae</a> in 474 BC. His rule was eulogized by poets like <a href="/wiki/Simonides_of_Ceos" title="Simonides of Ceos">Simonides of Ceos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacchylides" title="Bacchylides">Bacchylides</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, who visited his court. A democratic regime was introduced by <a href="/wiki/Thrasybulus_of_Syracuse" title="Thrasybulus of Syracuse">Thrasybulos</a> (467 BC).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city continued to expand in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nomae" title="Battle of Nomae">fighting</a> against the rebellious <a href="/wiki/Siculi" class="mw-redirect" title="Siculi">Siculi</a>, and on the <a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a>, making expeditions up to <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elba" title="Elba">Elba</a>. In the late 5th century BC, Syracuse found itself at war with <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, which sought more resources to fight the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_War" title="Peloponnesian War">Peloponnesian War</a>. The Syracusans enlisted the aid of a general from <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>, Athens' foe in the war, to defeat the Athenians, destroy their ships, and leave them to starve on the island (see <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Expedition" title="Sicilian Expedition">Sicilian Expedition</a>). In 401 BC, Syracuse contributed a force of 300 <a href="/wiki/Hoplites" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoplites">hoplites</a> and a general to <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Younger" title="Cyrus the Younger">Cyrus the Younger</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Ten_Thousand" class="mw-redirect" title="Army of the Ten Thousand">Army of the Ten Thousand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Then in the early 4th century BC, the <a href="/wiki/Tyrant" title="Tyrant">tyrant</a> <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_I_of_Syracuse" title="Dionysius I of Syracuse">Dionysius the Elder</a> was again at war against <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a> and, although losing Gela and Camarina, kept that power from capturing the whole of Sicily.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> After the end of the conflict Dionysius built a massive fortress on Ortygia and 22 km-long walls around all of Syracuse. Another period of expansion saw the destruction of <a href="/wiki/Naxos_(Sicily)" title="Naxos (Sicily)">Naxos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lentini" title="Lentini">Lentini</a>; then Syracuse entered again in war against Carthage (397 BC).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> After various changes of fortune, the Carthaginians managed to <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Syracuse_(397_BC)" title="Siege of Syracuse (397 BC)">besiege Syracuse</a> itself, but were eventually pushed back by a pestilence. A treaty in 392 BC allowed Syracuse to enlarge further its possessions, founding the cities of <a href="/wiki/Adrano" title="Adrano">Adranon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tindari" title="Tindari">Tyndarion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taormina" title="Taormina">Tauromenos</a>, and conquering <a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Rhegion</a> on the continent. In the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adriatic">Adriatic</a>, to facilitate trade, <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_I_of_Syracuse" title="Dionysius I of Syracuse">Dionysius the Elder</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adria" title="Adria">Adria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vis_(island)" title="Vis (island)">Issa</a>. Apart from his battle deeds, Dionysius was famous as a patron of art, and <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> himself visited Syracuse several times, where Dionysius, offended by Plato's daring to disagree with the king, imprisoned the philosopher and sold him into slavery (according to some sources).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His successor was <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_II_of_Syracuse" title="Dionysius II of Syracuse">Dionysius the Younger</a>, who was however expelled by <a href="/wiki/Dion_(tyrant_of_Syracuse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dion (tyrant of Syracuse)">Dion</a> in 356 BC. But the latter's despotic rule led in turn to his expulsion, and Dionysius reclaimed his throne in 347 BC.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Dionysius was <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Syracuse_(343_BC)" title="Siege of Syracuse (343 BC)">besieged in Syracuse</a> by the Syracusan general <a href="/wiki/Hicetas_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hicetas (general)">Hicetas</a> in 344 BC. The following year the Corinthian <a href="/wiki/Timoleon" title="Timoleon">Timoleon</a> installed a democratic regime in the city after he exiled Dionysius and defeated Hicetas. The long series of internal struggles had weakened Syracuse's power on the island, and Timoleon tried to remedy this, defeating the Carthaginians in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Crimissus" title="Battle of the Crimissus">Battle of the Crimissus</a> (339 BC).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hellenistic_period">Hellenistic period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hellenistic period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Special:EditPage/Syracuse, Sicily">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thesaurus_opticus_Titelblatt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Thesaurus_opticus_Titelblatt.jpg/220px-Thesaurus_opticus_Titelblatt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Thesaurus_opticus_Titelblatt.jpg/330px-Thesaurus_opticus_Titelblatt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Thesaurus_opticus_Titelblatt.jpg/440px-Thesaurus_opticus_Titelblatt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption>The siege of Syracuse in a 17th-century engraving.</figcaption></figure> <p>After Timoleon's death the struggle among the city's parties restarted and ended with the rise of another tyrant, <a href="/wiki/Agathocles_of_Syracuse" title="Agathocles of Syracuse">Agathocles</a>, who seized power with a coup in 317 BC. He resumed the war against Carthage, with alternate fortunes. He was <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Syracuse_(311%E2%80%93309_BC)" title="Siege of Syracuse (311–309 BC)">besieged in Syracuse</a> by the Carthaginians in 311 BC, but he escaped from the city with a small fleet. He scored a moral success, bringing the war to the Carthaginians' native African soil, inflicting heavy losses to the enemy. The defenders of Syracuse destroyed the Carthaginian army which besieged them. However, Agathocles was eventually defeated in Africa as well. The war ended with another treaty of peace which did not prevent the Carthaginians from interfering in the politics of Syracuse after the death of Agathocles (289 BC). They <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Syracuse_(278_BC)" title="Siege of Syracuse (278 BC)">laid siege to Syracuse</a> for the fourth and last time in 278 BC. They retreated at the arrival of king <a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_of_Epirus" title="Pyrrhus of Epirus">Pyrrhus of Epirus</a>, whom Syracuse had asked for help. After a brief period under the rule of Epirus, <a href="/wiki/Hiero_II_of_Syracuse" title="Hiero II of Syracuse">Hiero II</a> seized power in 275 BC. </p><p>Hiero inaugurated a period of 50 years of peace and prosperity, in which Syracuse became one of the most renowned capitals of Antiquity. He issued the so-called <i><a href="/wiki/Lex_Hieronica" title="Lex Hieronica">Lex Hieronica</a></i>, which was later adopted by the Romans for their administration of Sicily; he also had the theatre enlarged and a new immense <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altar</a>, the "Hiero's Ara", built. Under his rule lived the most famous Syracusan, the mathematician and <a href="/wiki/Natural_philosophy" title="Natural philosophy">natural philosopher</a> <a href="/wiki/Archimedes" title="Archimedes">Archimedes</a>. Among his many inventions were various military engines including the <a href="/wiki/Claw_of_Archimedes" title="Claw of Archimedes">claw of Archimedes</a>, later used to resist the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Syracuse_(214%E2%80%93212_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Syracuse (214–212 BC)">Roman siege</a> of 214–212 BC. Literary figures included <a href="/wiki/Theocritus" title="Theocritus">Theocritus</a> and others. </p><p>Hiero's successor, the young <a href="/wiki/Hieronymus_of_Syracuse" title="Hieronymus of Syracuse">Hieronymus</a> (ruled from 215 BC), broke the alliance with the Romans after their defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cannae" title="Battle of Cannae">Battle of Cannae</a> and accepted <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a>'s support. The Romans, led by consul <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Claudius_Marcellus" title="Marcus Claudius Marcellus">Marcus Claudius Marcellus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Syracuse_(214%E2%80%93212_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Syracuse (214–212 BC)">besieged the city</a> in 214 BC. The city held out for three years, but fell in 212 BC. The successes of the Syracusians in repelling the Roman siege had made them overconfident. In 212 BC, the Romans received information that the city's inhabitants were to participate in the annual festival to their goddess <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a>. A small party of Roman soldiers approached the city under the cover of night and managed to scale the walls to get into the outer city and with reinforcements soon took control, killing Archimedes in the process, but the main fortress remained firm. After an eight-month siege and with parleys in progress, an <a href="/wiki/Iberians" title="Iberians">Iberian</a> captain named Moeriscus is believed to have let the Romans in near the Fountains of Arethusa. On the agreed signal, during a diversionary attack, he opened the gate. After setting guards on the houses of the pro-Roman faction, Marcellus gave Syracuse to plunder. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_Roman_and_Byzantine_period">Imperial Roman and Byzantine period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Imperial Roman and Byzantine period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Syrakus_BW_2012-10-06_16-44-19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Syrakus_BW_2012-10-06_16-44-19.jpg/220px-Syrakus_BW_2012-10-06_16-44-19.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Syrakus_BW_2012-10-06_16-44-19.jpg/330px-Syrakus_BW_2012-10-06_16-44-19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Syrakus_BW_2012-10-06_16-44-19.jpg/440px-Syrakus_BW_2012-10-06_16-44-19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The Roman amphitheatre</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_of_Apollo,_Syracuse,_Sicily.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Temple_of_Apollo%2C_Syracuse%2C_Sicily.JPG/220px-Temple_of_Apollo%2C_Syracuse%2C_Sicily.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Temple_of_Apollo%2C_Syracuse%2C_Sicily.JPG/330px-Temple_of_Apollo%2C_Syracuse%2C_Sicily.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Temple_of_Apollo%2C_Syracuse%2C_Sicily.JPG/440px-Temple_of_Apollo%2C_Syracuse%2C_Sicily.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Apollo_(Syracuse)" title="Temple of Apollo (Syracuse)">Temple of Apollo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sicilia_Siracusa1_tango7174.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sicilia_Siracusa1_tango7174.jpg/220px-Sicilia_Siracusa1_tango7174.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sicilia_Siracusa1_tango7174.jpg/330px-Sicilia_Siracusa1_tango7174.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sicilia_Siracusa1_tango7174.jpg/440px-Sicilia_Siracusa1_tango7174.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Piazza Duomo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SiracusaCathedral-pjt1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/SiracusaCathedral-pjt1.jpg/220px-SiracusaCathedral-pjt1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/SiracusaCathedral-pjt1.jpg/330px-SiracusaCathedral-pjt1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/SiracusaCathedral-pjt1.jpg/440px-SiracusaCathedral-pjt1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4897" data-file-height="4986" /></a><figcaption>The Cathedral</figcaption></figure> <p>Though declining slowly through the years, Syracuse maintained the status of capital of the Roman government of Sicily and seat of the <a href="/wiki/Praetor" title="Praetor">praetor</a>. It remained an important port for trade between the Eastern and the Western parts of the Empire. Christianity spread in the city through the efforts of <a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul of Tarsus">Paul of Tarsus</a> and Saint Marziano, the first bishop of the city, who made it one of the main centres of <a href="/wiki/Proselytism" title="Proselytism">proselytism</a> in the West. In the age of Christian persecutions massive <a href="/wiki/Catacomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Catacomb">catacombs</a> were carved, whose size is second only to those of Rome. </p><p>After a period of <a href="/wiki/Vandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandal">Vandal</a> rule, 469–477, Syracuse and the island was recovered for Italian rule under Odoacer (476–491) and Theodoric the Great (491–526), and then by <a href="/wiki/Belisarius" title="Belisarius">Belisarius</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> (31 December 535).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 663 to 668 Syracuse was the seat of the Greek-speaking Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constans_II_(Byzantine_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constans II (Byzantine Empire)">Constans II</a>, as well as a capital of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_(Eastern_Roman)_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire">Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire</a> and metropolis of the whole Sicilian Church. Constans II was assassinated when his plans to permanently replace the Byzantine capital of Constantinople with Syracuse became suspected. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emirate_of_Sicily">Emirate of Sicily</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Emirate of Sicily"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Sicily">Emirate of Sicily</a></div> <p>The city was <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Syracuse_(827%E2%80%93828)" title="Siege of Syracuse (827–828)">besieged</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Aghlabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Aghlabids">Aghlabids</a> for almost a year in 827–828, but Byzantine reinforcements prevented its fall. It remained the center of Byzantine resistance to the gradual <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Sicily" title="Muslim conquest of Sicily">Muslim conquest of Sicily</a> until it fell to the Aghlabids after <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Syracuse_(877%E2%80%93878)" title="Siege of Syracuse (877–878)">another siege</a> on 20/21 May 878. During the two centuries of <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> rule, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Sicily">Emirate of Sicily</a> was moved from Syracuse to <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>. The cathedral was converted into a mosque and the quarter on the <a href="/wiki/Ortygia" title="Ortygia">Ortygia</a> island was gradually rebuilt along Islamic styles. The city, nevertheless, maintained important trade relationships, and housed a relatively flourishing cultural and artistic life: several Arab poets, including <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hamdis" title="Ibn Hamdis">Ibn Hamdis</a>, the most important <a href="/wiki/Siculo-Arabic" title="Siculo-Arabic">Sicilian Arab</a> poet of the 12th century, flourished in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norman_kingdom_of_Sicily">Norman kingdom of Sicily</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Norman kingdom of Sicily"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Special:EditPage/Syracuse, Sicily">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1038, the Byzantine general <a href="/wiki/George_Maniakes" title="George Maniakes">George Maniakes</a> reconquered the city, sending the relics of St. Lucy to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. The eponymous castle on the cape of Ortygia bears his name, although it was built under the <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen">Hohenstaufen</a> rule. In 1085, the <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Normans</a> entered Syracuse, one of the last <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> strongholds, after a summer-long siege by <a href="/wiki/Roger_I_of_Sicily" title="Roger I of Sicily">Roger I of Sicily</a> and his son <a href="/wiki/Jordan_of_Hauteville" title="Jordan of Hauteville">Jordan of Hauteville</a>, who was given the city as count. New quarters were built, and the cathedral was restored, as well as other churches. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_medieval_period">High medieval period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: High medieval period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Special:EditPage/Syracuse, Sicily">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1194, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Henry_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Henry VI">Emperor Henry VI</a> occupied the Sicilian kingdom, including Syracuse. After a short period of <a href="/wiki/Genoa#Middle_Ages_and_Renaissance" title="Genoa">Genoese</a> rule (1205–1220) under the notorious admiral and pirate <a href="/wiki/Alamanno_da_Costa" title="Alamanno da Costa">Alamanno da Costa</a>, which favoured a rise of trades, royal authority was re-asserted in the city by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a>. He began the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Castello_Maniace" title="Castello Maniace">Castello Maniace</a>, the Bishops' Palace and the Bellomo Palace. Frederick's death brought a period of unrest and feudal anarchy. In the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sicilian_Vespers" title="War of the Sicilian Vespers">War of the Sicilian Vespers</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Angevin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragonese</a> dynasties for control of Sicily, Syracuse sided with the Aragonese and expelled the Angevins in 1298, receiving from the Spanish sovereigns great privileges in reward. The preeminence of baronial families is also shown by the construction of the palaces of <a href="/wiki/Abela" title="Abela">Abela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiaramonte" title="Chiaramonte">Chiaramonte</a>, Nava, Montalto. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="16th–20th_centuries"><span id="16th.E2.80.9320th_centuries"></span>16th–20th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 16th–20th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Special:EditPage/Syracuse, Sicily">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The city was struck by two ruinous earthquakes in 1542 and <a href="/wiki/1693_Sicily_earthquake" title="1693 Sicily earthquake">1693</a>, and a plague in 1729. The 17th century destruction changed the appearance of Syracuse forever, as well as the entire <a href="/wiki/Val_di_Noto" title="Val di Noto">Val di Noto</a>, whose cities were rebuilt along the typical lines of <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Baroque" title="Sicilian Baroque">Sicilian Baroque</a>, considered one of the most typical expressions of the architecture of Southern Italy. The spread of <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> in 1837 led to a revolt against the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a> government. The punishment was the move of the province capital seat to <a href="/wiki/Noto" title="Noto">Noto</a>, but the unrest had not been totally choked, as the Siracusani took part in the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_revolution_of_1848" title="Sicilian revolution of 1848">Sicilian revolution of 1848</a>. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification of Italy</a> of 1865, Syracuse regained its status of provincial capital. In the late 19th century, the walls (including <a href="/wiki/Porta_Ligny" title="Porta Ligny">Porta Ligny</a>) were demolished and a bridge connecting the mainland to Ortygia island was built. In the following year a railway link was constructed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> bombings in 1943 caused heavy destruction during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. <i>Operation Husky</i>, the codename for the <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a>, was launched on the night between 9–10 July 1943 with British forces attacking the southeast of the island. The plan was for the <a href="/wiki/5th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="5th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">British 5th Infantry Division</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/General_(United_Kingdom)" title="General (United Kingdom)">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Montgomery" title="Bernard Montgomery">Sir Bernard Montgomery</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Eighth Army (United Kingdom)">Eighth Army</a>, to capture Syracuse on the first day of the invasion. This part of the operation went completely according to plan, and British forces captured Syracuse on the first night of the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The port was then used as a base for the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the west of the city is a <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Syracuse Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery">Commonwealth War Graves cemetery</a> where about 1,000 men are buried. After the end of the war the northern quarters of Syracuse experienced a heavy, often chaotic, expansion, favoured by the quick process of industrialization. </p><p>Syracuse today has about 125,000 inhabitants and numerous attractions for the visitor interested in historical sites (such as the <a href="/wiki/Ear_of_Dionysius" title="Ear of Dionysius">Ear of Dionysius</a>). A process of recovering and restoring the historical centre has been ongoing since the 1990s. Nearby places of note include <a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noto" title="Noto">Noto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modica" title="Modica">Modica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ragusa,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragusa, Italy">Ragusa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syracuse experiences a hot-summer <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: <i>Csa</i>) with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Snow is infrequent; the last measurable snowfall in the city occurred in December 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frosts are very rare, with the last one also happening in December 2014 when the temperature dropped to the all-time record low of 0 °C. </p><p>A temperature of 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) was registered in <a href="/wiki/Floridia" title="Floridia">Floridia</a>, near Syracuse by the Sicilian Agrometeorological Information Service (SAIS) on 11 August 2021, and is recognized by the <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> as the official <a href="/wiki/List_of_weather_records" title="List of weather records">record highest temperature</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guido Guidi, lieutenant colonel of the <a href="/wiki/Servizio_Meteorologico" title="Servizio Meteorologico">Italian Meteorological Service</a>, however, had stated the highest temperature registered in the organizations' stations during the heatwave was 44.4 °C (111.9 °F), at <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Sigonella" title="Naval Air Station Sigonella">Naval Air Station Sigonella</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Repubblica_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Repubblica-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guidi underlines that the reported data by SAIS "is produced directly by the stations and is not subject to any control and validation procedure, neither automatic nor manual. It can therefore report errors due to sensor malfunctions as well as maintenance interventions".<sup id="cite_ref-Repubblica_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Repubblica-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Syracuse (unknown period) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9<br />(91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4<br />(101.1) </td> <td style="background: #D10000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.8<br />(112.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.0<br />(105.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8<br />(100.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #D10000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44.8<br />(112.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4<br />(31.3) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(34.2) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75<br />(3.0) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #E7FFE7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(0.6) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(0.3) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78<br />(3.1) </td> <td style="background: #6EFF6E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94<br />(3.7) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78<br />(3.1) </td> <td style="background: #BCFFBC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">526<br />(20.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">60 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Archivio climatico Enea-Casaccia<sup id="cite_ref-Enea_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enea-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Weather Atlas<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extremes(1946-present)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Syracuse,_Sicily" title="List of mayors of Syracuse, Sicily">List of mayors of Syracuse, Sicily</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">19,286</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">19,906</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,598</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">29,600</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+37.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">39,330</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+32.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">46,557</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">46,048</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">49,478</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">67,568</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+36.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">82,466</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+22.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">100,737</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">117,615</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">125,941</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">123,657</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">118,385</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−4.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">117,055</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.1%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Istituto_Nazionale_di_Statistica" class="mw-redirect" title="Istituto Nazionale di Statistica">ISTAT</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p>In 2016, there were 122,051<sup id="cite_ref-www.demo.istat.it_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.demo.istat.it-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> people residing in Syracuse, located in the province of Syracuse, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, of whom 48.7% were male and 51.3% were female. Minors (children ages 18 and younger) totalled 18.9 percent of the population compared to pensioners who number 16.9 percent. This compares with the Italian average of 18.1 percent (minors) and 19.9 percent (pensioners). The average age of Syracuse resident is 40 compared to the Italian average of 42. In the five years between 2002 and 2007, the population of Syracuse declined by 0.5 percent, while Italy as a whole grew by 3.6 percent. The reason for decline is a population flight to the suburbs, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">northern Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current birth rate of Syracuse is 9.75 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.45 births. </p><p>As of 2006<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 97.9% of the population was of Italian descent. The largest immigrant group came from other European nations (particularly those from Poland, and the United Kingdom): 0.6%, North Africa (mostly <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Tunisia" title="Demographics of Tunisia">Tunisian</a>): 0.5%, and South Asia: 0.4%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title category" style="font-size:125%;">Syracuse and the <a href="/wiki/Necropolis_of_Pantalica" title="Necropolis of Pantalica">Rocky Necropolis of Pantalica</a></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="padding:0.2em;background:#0177d3;font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #ffffff; text-decoration: inherit;">UNESCO World Heritage Site</span></a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_theater_of_Syracuse_AvL.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Greek_theater_of_Syracuse_AvL.JPG/220px-Greek_theater_of_Syracuse_AvL.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Greek_theater_of_Syracuse_AvL.JPG/330px-Greek_theater_of_Syracuse_AvL.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Greek_theater_of_Syracuse_AvL.JPG/440px-Greek_theater_of_Syracuse_AvL.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Greek theatre of Syracuse</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: ii, iii, iv, vi</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1200">1200</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2005 (29th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">898.46 ha</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer zone</th><td class="infobox-data category">5,519.4 ha</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Since 2005, the entire city of Syracuse, along with the <a href="/wiki/Necropolis_of_Pantalica" title="Necropolis of Pantalica">Necropolis of Pantalica</a> which falls within the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Syracuse" title="Province of Syracuse">province of Syracuse</a>, has been listed as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> by UNESCO. This programme aims to catalogue, name, and conserve sites of outstanding cultural or <a href="/wiki/Natural" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural">natural</a> importance to the common heritage of <a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">humanity</a>. The deciding committee which evaluates potential candidates described their reasons for choosing Syracuse because "monuments and archeological sites situated in Syracuse are the finest example of outstanding architectural creation spanning several cultural aspects; <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greece" title="Culture of Greece">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a>", following on that Ancient Syracuse was "directly linked to events, ideas and literary works of outstanding universal significance".<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buildings_of_the_Greek_and_Roman_periods">Buildings of the Greek and Roman periods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Buildings of the Greek and Roman periods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The city walls</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Apollo_(Syracuse)" title="Temple of Apollo (Syracuse)">Temple of Apollo</a></i>, at Piazza Emanuele Pancali, adapted to a church in Byzantine times and to a mosque under Arab rule.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Arethusa" title="Fountain of Arethusa">Fountain of Arethusa</a></i>, on Ortygia island. According to a legend, the <a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">nymph</a> <a href="/wiki/Arethusa_(mythology)" title="Arethusa (mythology)">Arethusa</a>, hunted by <a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpheus (mythology)">Alpheus</a>, was turned into a spring by <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a> and appeared here.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Greek_Theatre_of_Syracuse" title="Greek Theatre of Syracuse">Greek Theatre</a></i>, whose <a href="/wiki/Cavea" title="Cavea">cavea</a> is one of the largest ever built by the ancient Greeks: it has 67 rows, divided into nine sections with eight aisles. Only traces of the scene and the orchestra remain. The edifice (still used today) was modified by the Romans, who adapted it to their different style of spectacles, including also circus games. Near the theatre are the <i>latomìe</i>, stone quarries, also used as prisons in ancient times. The most famous <i>latomìa</i> is the <i><a href="/wiki/Ear_of_Dionysius" title="Ear of Dionysius">Orecchio di Dionisio</a></i> ("Ear of Dionysius").</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_amphitheatre_of_Syracuse" title="Roman amphitheatre of Syracuse">Roman amphitheatre</a>. It was partly carved out from the rock. In the centre of the area is a rectangular space which was used for the scenic machinery.</li> <li>The <i>Tomb of Archimede</i>, in the Grotticelli Necropolis. Decorated with two Doric columns.</li> <li>The <i>Temple of Olympian <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></i>, about 3 kilometres (2 miles) outside the city, built around the 6th century BC.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buildings_of_the_Christian_period">Buildings of the Christian period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Buildings of the Christian period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siracuse_SantaLuciaChurch_010_2408.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Siracuse_SantaLuciaChurch_010_2408.jpg/220px-Siracuse_SantaLuciaChurch_010_2408.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Siracuse_SantaLuciaChurch_010_2408.jpg/330px-Siracuse_SantaLuciaChurch_010_2408.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Siracuse_SantaLuciaChurch_010_2408.jpg/440px-Siracuse_SantaLuciaChurch_010_2408.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3975" data-file-height="4940" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Santa_Luc%C3%ACa_alla_Bad%C3%ACa,_Siracusa" title="Santa Lucìa alla Badìa, Siracusa">Church of Santa Lucia alla Badia</a> in the Piazza Duomo</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Syracuse" title="Cathedral of Syracuse">Cathedral of Syracuse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Duomo</i>): built by bishop Zosimo in the 7th-century over the great <i>Temple of <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></i> (5th century BC), on Ortygia island. This was a <a href="/wiki/Doric_columns" class="mw-redirect" title="Doric columns">Doric</a> edifice with six columns on the short sides and 14 on the long sides: these are still incorporated into the walls of the cathedral. The base of the temple had three steps. The interior of the church has a nave and two aisles. The roof of the nave is from Norman times, as well as the mosaics in the apses. The façade was rebuilt by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Palma" title="Andrea Palma">Andrea Palma</a> in 1725–1753, with a double order of <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Corinthian column">Corinthian columns</a>, and statues by <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Marabitti" title="Ignazio Marabitti">Ignazio Marabitti</a>. The interior houses a 12th-13th-century marble font, a silver statue of <i>St Lucy</i> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Rizzo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Rizzo (page does not exist)">Pietro Rizzo</a> (1599), a <a href="/wiki/Ciborium_(architecture)" title="Ciborium (architecture)">ciborium</a> by <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Vanvitelli" title="Luigi Vanvitelli">Luigi Vanvitelli</a>, and a statue of the <i>Madonna della Neve</i> ("Madonna of the Snow", 1512) by <a href="/wiki/Antonello_Gagini" title="Antonello Gagini">Antonello Gagini</a>.</li> <li>Basilica of <i>Santa Lucia <a href="/wiki/Extra_moenia" title="Extra moenia">Extra moenia</a></i>: a Byzantine church built (and rebuilt by the Normans), according to tradition, near the same place of the martyrdom of the saint in 303 AD. The current appearance is from the 15th–16th centuries. The most ancient parts still preserved include the portal, the three half-circular apses and the first two orders of the belfry. Under the church are the <i>Catacombs of St. Lucy</i>. For this church <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a> painted the <a href="/wiki/Burial_of_St._Lucy_(Caravaggio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Burial of St. Lucy (Caravaggio)">Burial of St. Lucy</a>. In the same complex is a small octagonal shrine which includes the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Saint Lucy</a> and Gregorio Tedeschi’s 1735 statue Dying Lucy.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_Santuario_Madonna_delle_Lacrime_di_Siracusa_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Basilica_Santuario_Madonna_delle_Lacrime_di_Siracusa_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Basilica_Santuario_Madonna_delle_Lacrime_di_Siracusa_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Basilica_Santuario_Madonna_delle_Lacrime_di_Siracusa_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Basilica_Santuario_Madonna_delle_Lacrime_di_Siracusa_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Basilica_Santuario_Madonna_delle_Lacrime_di_Siracusa_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Basilica_Santuario_Madonna_delle_Lacrime_di_Siracusa_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3289" data-file-height="2467" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Madonna_delle_Lacrime,_Siracusa" title="Madonna delle Lacrime, Siracusa">Basilica of the Virgin of Tears</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_delle_Lacrime,_Siracusa" title="Madonna delle Lacrime, Siracusa">Madonna delle Lacrime</a></i>: (Shrine of the Virgin of Tears) 20th century Catholic basilica.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Benedetto,_Siracusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Benedetto, Siracusa (page does not exist)">San Benedetto</a></i>: 16th century church, restored after 1693. It houses a painting depicting <i>Death of Saint Benedict</i> by the <a href="/wiki/Caravaggisti" title="Caravaggisti">Caravaggisti</a> <a href="/wiki/Mario_Minniti" title="Mario Minniti">Mario Minniti</a>.</li> <li>Chiesa della Concezione (14th century, rebuilt in the 18th century), with the annexed Benedictine convent.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Cristoforo,_Siracusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Cristoforo, Siracusa (page does not exist)">San Cristoforo</a></i>: 14th century church, rebuilt in 18th-century.</li> <li><i>San Giovanni Battista</i>: 14th century church.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Filippo_Apostolo,_Siracusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Filippo Apostolo, Siracusa (page does not exist)">San Filippo Apostolo</a></i>: 18th-century church with stairs down to a Jewish ritual bath (<a href="/wiki/Mikvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikvah">Mikvah</a>) dating to prior to the expulsion of Jews in 1492</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/San_Filippo_Neri,_Siracusa" title="San Filippo Neri, Siracusa">San Filippo Neri</a>: 17th-century facade and interior reconstructed in 18th-century</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/San_Francesco_all%27Immacolata,_Siracusa" title="San Francesco all'Immacolata, Siracusa">San Francesco all'Immacolata</a></i>: church with a convex façade intermingled by columns and pilaster strips. It housed an ancient celebration, the Svelata ("Revelation"), in which an image of the Madonna was unveiled at dawn of 29 November.</li> <li><i>San Giovanni Evangelista</i>: basilica church built by the Normans and destroyed in 1693. Only partially restored, it was erected over an ancient crypt of the martyr San Marciano, later destroyed by the Arabs. The main altar is Byzantine. It includes the <i>Catacombs of San Giovanni</i>, featuring a maze of tunnels and passages, with thousands of tombs and several frescoes.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/San_Giuseppe,_Siracusa" title="San Giuseppe, Siracusa">San Giuseppe</a></i>: 18th-century octagonal church, in disrepair</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Santa_Luc%C3%ACa_alla_Bad%C3%ACa,_Siracusa" title="Santa Lucìa alla Badìa, Siracusa">Santa Lucia alla Badia</a></i>: Baroque sanctuary church built after the 1693 earthquake.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_dei_Miracoli,_Siracusa" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria dei Miracoli, Siracusa">Santa Maria dei Miracoli</a></i>: 14th century church.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/San_Martino,_Siracusa" title="San Martino, Siracusa">San Martino</a></i>: 6th-century church, 14th-century facade, 18th-century interiors</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/San_Paolo_Apostolo,_Siracusa" title="San Paolo Apostolo, Siracusa">San Paolo Apostolo</a></i>: 18th century church.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spirito_Santo,_Siracusa" title="Spirito Santo, Siracusa">Spirito Santo</a></i>: 18th-century church.</li> <li>Church of the Jesuit College, a majestic, Baroque building.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_notable_buildings">Other notable buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Other notable buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siracusa-castello_mainace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Siracusa-castello_mainace.jpg/220px-Siracusa-castello_mainace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Siracusa-castello_mainace.jpg/330px-Siracusa-castello_mainace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Siracusa-castello_mainace.jpg/440px-Siracusa-castello_mainace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Castello_Maniace" title="Castello Maniace">Maniace Castle</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Syrakus_BW_2012-10-06_14-16-50.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Syrakus_BW_2012-10-06_14-16-50.jpg/170px-Syrakus_BW_2012-10-06_14-16-50.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Syrakus_BW_2012-10-06_14-16-50.jpg/255px-Syrakus_BW_2012-10-06_14-16-50.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Syrakus_BW_2012-10-06_14-16-50.jpg/340px-Syrakus_BW_2012-10-06_14-16-50.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2023" data-file-height="2737" /></a><figcaption>Inner courtyard of Palazzo Beneventano Del Bosco</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siracusa-piazza_archimede.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Siracusa-piazza_archimede.jpg/220px-Siracusa-piazza_archimede.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Siracusa-piazza_archimede.jpg/330px-Siracusa-piazza_archimede.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Siracusa-piazza_archimede.jpg/440px-Siracusa-piazza_archimede.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Detail of the Fountain of <a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castello_Maniace" title="Castello Maniace">Castello Maniace</a>, constructed between 1232 and 1240, is an example of the military architecture of Frederick II's reign. It is a square structure with circular towers at each of the four corners. The most striking feature is the pointed portal, decorated with polychrome marbles.</li> <li><i>Archaeological Museum</i> with collections including findings from the mid-Bronze Age to 5th century BC.</li> <li><i>Palazzo Lanza Buccheri</i> (16th century).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bellomo_Palace_Regional_Gallery" title="Bellomo Palace Regional Gallery">Palazzo Bellomo</a></i> (12th century), which contains an art museum that houses <a href="/wiki/Antonello_da_Messina" title="Antonello da Messina">Antonello da Messina</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Annunciation_(Antonello_da_Messina)" title="Annunciation (Antonello da Messina)">Annunciation</a></i> (1474).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Montalto" title="Palazzo Montalto">Palazzo Montalto</a></i> (14th century), which conserves the old façade from the 14th century, with a pointed portal.</li> <li><i>Archbishop's Palace</i> (17th century, modified in the following century). It houses the <i>Alagonian Library</i>, founded in the late 18th century.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Vermexio" title="Palazzo Vermexio">Palazzo Vermexio</a></i>: current Town Hall, includes fragments of an <a href="/wiki/Ionic_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionic column">Ionic</a> temple of the 5th century BC.</li> <li><i>Palazzo Francica Nava</i>, with parts of the original 16th century building surviving.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Beneventano_del_Bosco" title="Palazzo Beneventano del Bosco">Palazzo Beneventano del Bosco</a></i>, originally built in the Middle Ages but extensively modified between 1779 and 1788. It has a pleasant internal court.</li> <li><i>Palazzo Migliaccio</i> (15th century), with notable lava inlay decorations.</li> <li>The <i>Senate Palace</i>, housing in the court an 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Coach_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coach (vehicle)">coach</a>.</li> <li><i>Castle of Euryalos</i>, built 9 kilometres (6 miles) outside the city by Dionysius the Elder and which was one of the most powerful fortresses of ancient times. It had three moats with a series of underground galleries which allowed the defenders to remove the materials the attackers could use to fill them.</li> <li><i>Mikveh</i>: a bath used for the purpose of <a href="/wiki/Tvilah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tvilah">ritual immersion in Judaism</a>, built during the Byzantine era. It is situated in the <i>Giudecca</i>: the ancient Jewish Ghetto of Syracuse.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Italians_Fallen_in_Africa,_Siracusa" title="Monument to the Italians Fallen in Africa, Siracusa">Monument to the Italians Fallen in Africa, Siracusa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Famous_people">Famous people</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Famous people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archimedes" title="Archimedes">Archimedes</a>, classical Siceliot mathematician, physicist and engineer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_of_Syracuse" title="Antiochus of Syracuse">Antiochus of Syracuse</a>, a Siceliot historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaeus_of_Syracuse" title="Achaeus of Syracuse">Achaeus of Syracuse</a>, a Siceliot <a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">tragedian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dion_of_Syracuse" title="Dion of Syracuse">Dion</a>, Siceliot tyrant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_I_of_Syracuse" title="Dionysius I of Syracuse">Dionysius I</a>, Siceliot tyrant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_II_of_Syracuse" title="Dionysius II of Syracuse">Dionysius II</a>, Siceliot tyrant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocritus" title="Theocritus">Theocritus</a>, Siceliot poet and creator of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Pastoral_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastoral poetry">pastoral poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Saint Lucy</a>, Roman martyr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_III" title="Pope Stephen III">Pope Stephen III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hamdis" title="Ibn Hamdis">Ibn Hamdis</a>, Sicilian Arab poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Mirabella" title="Vincenzo Mirabella">Vincenzo Mirabella</a> (1570–1624), humanist and pioneer of archaeology</li> <li>Claudio Schifano (born 1953), contemporary artist of informal painting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Belluardo" title="Ignazio Belluardo">Ignazio Belluardo</a> (born 1986), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Tavano" title="Salvatore Tavano">Salvatore Tavano</a> (born 1980), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonino_Accolla" title="Tonino Accolla">Tonino Accolla</a> (born 1949), voice actor</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Sicily" title="Sport in Sicily">Sport in Sicily</a></div> <p>Syracuse is home to association football club <a href="/wiki/A.S.D._Citt%C3%A0_di_Siracusa" class="mw-redirect" title="A.S.D. Città di Siracusa">A.S.D. Città di Siracusa</a>, the latest reincarnation of several clubs dating back to 1924. The common feature is the azure shirts, hence the nickname <i>Azzurri</i>. Siracusa play at the <a href="/wiki/Stadio_Nicola_De_Simone" title="Stadio Nicola De Simone">Stadio Nicola De Simone</a> with an approximate capacity between 5,000 and 6,000. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/48px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/64px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/42px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/56px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassibile_(village)" title="Cassibile (village)">Cassibile (village)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_coinage_of_Italy_and_Sicily" title="Greek coinage of Italy and Sicily">Greek coinage of Italy and Sicily</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A8na_(film)" title="Malèna (film)">Malèna</a></i> – a 2000 romantic comedy-drama film starring Monica Bellucci and Giuseppe Sulfaro was mostly produced in Syracuse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_League" title="Peloponnesian League">Peloponnesian League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Wars" title="Sicilian Wars">Sicilian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siracusa_International_Institute_for_Criminal_Justice_and_Human_Rights" title="Siracusa International Institute for Criminal Justice and Human Rights">Siracusa International Institute for Criminal Justice and Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siracusa_railway_station" title="Siracusa railway station">Siracusa railway station</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Syracusae" class="extiw" title="wikt:Syracusae">Syrācūsae</a></i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="la-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">[sʏraːˈkuːsae̯]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Attic Greek language">Attic Greek</a>: <span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B9" class="extiw" title="wikt:Συράκουσαι">Συράκουσαι</a></span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Attic Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Syrákousai</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="grc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[syrǎːkuːsai̯]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Doric_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Doric Greek language">Doric Greek</a>: <span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B9" class="extiw" title="wikt:Συράκοσαι">Συράκοσαι</a></span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Doric Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Syrā́kosai</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="grc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[syraːkósai̯]</a></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-SyrakousaiLSJ_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SyrakousaiLSJ-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Greek language">Medieval Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Συρακοῦσαι</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Medieval_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Medieval Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Medieval Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Syrakoûsai</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="grc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[syraˈkuse]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Greek language">Modern Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Συρακούσες</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Syrakoúses</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[siraˈkuses]</a></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-www.demo.istat.it-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-www.demo.istat.it_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www.demo.istat.it_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181216081210/http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2016gen/index.html">"Statistiche demografiche ISTAT"</a>. <i>demo.istat.it</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2016gen/index.html">the original</a> on 16 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=demo.istat.it&rft.atitle=Statistiche+demografiche+ISTAT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemo.istat.it%2Fbilmens2016gen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224">"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011"</a>. Italian National Institute of Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Superficie+di+Comuni+Province+e+Regioni+italiane+al+9+ottobre+2011&rft.pub=Italian+National+Institute+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.istat.it%2Fit%2Farchivio%2F156224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'City' population (i.e. that of the <i><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">comune</a></i> or municipality) from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2009gen/index.html=Monthly">demographic balance: January–April 2009</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2018">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Statistics (Italy)">ISTAT</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-6c4193b2686f905553042f4ae1ae4934aea078c8-v18-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-6c4193b2686f905553042f4ae1ae4934aea078c8-v18_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/pop2018/index3.html">"Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018"</a>. Italian National Institute of Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Popolazione+Residente+al+1%C2%B0+Gennaio+2018&rft.pub=Italian+National+Institute+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemo.istat.it%2Fpop2018%2Findex3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/196621">"Syracusan, <i>adj</i>. and <i>n.</i>"</a>, <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1919</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Syracusan%2C+adj.+and+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1919&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F196621&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/196621?redirectedFrom=Syracusian#eid19384838">"† Syracusian, <i>adj</i>. and <i>n.</i>"</a>, <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1919</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E2%80%A0+Syracusian%2C+adj.+and+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1919&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F196621%3FredirectedFrom%3DSyracusian%23eid19384838&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SyrakousaiLSJ-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SyrakousaiLSJ_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SyrakousaiLSJ_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SyrakousaiLSJ_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SyrakousaiLSJ_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=*sura/kousai"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Συράκουσαι</span></span></a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell, Henry George</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott, Robert</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/archimedes.shtml">"BBC – History – Archimedes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+%E2%80%93+History+%E2%80%93+Archimedes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fhistoric_figures%2Farchimedes.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stra-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stra_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrabo1927" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> (1927). Jones, H. L. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+8.6.22"><i>Geography</i></a>. Vol. 4. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 8.6.22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99201-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99201-6"><bdi>978-0-674-99201-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geography&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=8.6.22&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1927&rft.isbn=978-0-674-99201-6&rft.au=Strabo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DStrab.%2B8.6.22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cic-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cic_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcus_Tullius_Cicero1903" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Marcus Tullius Cicero</a> (1903). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Against_Verres/Second_pleading/Book_4#52">"Against Verres"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Charles_Duke_Yonge" title="Charles Duke Yonge">Yonge, C. D.</a> (ed.). <i>The Orations of Marcus Tullius Cicero</i>. London: George Bell & Sons. 2.4.52.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Against+Verres&rft.btitle=The+Orations+of+Marcus+Tullius+Cicero&rft.place=London&rft.pages=2.4.52&rft.pub=George+Bell+%26+Sons&rft.date=1903&rft.au=Marcus+Tullius+Cicero&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FAgainst_Verres%2FSecond_pleading%2FBook_4%2352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-morr-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-morr_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morr_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Morris_(historian)" title="Ian Morris (historian)">Morris, Ian</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6vnkts2rOJUC&pg=PT134">"The Greater Athenian State"</a>. In Morris, Ian; <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scheidel" title="Walter Scheidel">Scheidel, Walter</a> (eds.). <i>The Dynamics of Ancient Empires: State Power from Assyria to Byzantium</i>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-970761-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-970761-4"><bdi>978-0-19-970761-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Greater+Athenian+State&rft.btitle=The+Dynamics+of+Ancient+Empires%3A+State+Power+from+Assyria+to+Byzantium&rft.place=Oxford%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-970761-4&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6vnkts2rOJUC%26pg%3DPT134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071220071210/http://members.datafast.net.au/sggram/f763.htm">"Acts Facts: Syracuse"</a>. SimplyBible.com. 8 January 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.datafast.net.au/sggram/f763.htm">the original</a> on 20 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Acts+Facts%3A+Syracuse&rft.date=2008-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmembers.datafast.net.au%2Fsggram%2Ff763.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Victor_B%C3%A9rard" title="Victor Bérard">Victor Bérard</a>, <i>Les phéniciens et l'Odyssée</i>, Paris: Armand Colin, tome 2, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5774174h/f529.item">p.515</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VibiusS-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VibiusS_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVibius_Sequester1778" class="citation book cs1">Vibius Sequester (1778). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/vibiussequester00sequgoog#page/n313/mode/2up">"Tyraca"</a>. <i>De Fluminibus Fontibus Lacubus Nemoribus Paludibus Montibus Gentibus quorum apud poeta mentio fit</i>. apud Amandum König. p. 287.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tyraca&rft.btitle=De+Fluminibus+Fontibus+Lacubus+Nemoribus+Paludibus+Montibus+Gentibus+quorum+apud+poeta+mentio+fit&rft.pages=287&rft.pub=apud+Amandum+K%C3%B6nig&rft.date=1778&rft.au=Vibius+Sequester&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fvibiussequester00sequgoog%23page%2Fn313%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SBEthnika-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SBEthnika_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Ethnika</i> 592.18–21,593.1–8, i.e. <a href="/wiki/Stephanus_of_Byzantium" title="Stephanus of Byzantium">Stephanus Byzantinus</a>' <i>Ethnika</i> (kat'epitomen), lemma <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Συράκουσαι</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeineke1849" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Meineke" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus Meineke">Meineke, Augustus</a>, ed. (1849). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MMZiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA592"><i>Stephani Byzantii Ethnicorvm quae svpersvnt</i></a>. Vol. Prior. Impensis G. Reimeri. pp. 592–593.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stephani+Byzantii+Ethnicorvm+quae+svpersvnt&rft.pages=592-593&rft.pub=Impensis+G.+Reimeri&rft.date=1849&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMMZiAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA592&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EpicharmusFr-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EpicharmusFr_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fragmenta00epic"><i>Epicharmi Fragmenta</i></a>. apud Vincentium Loosjes. 1834. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fragmenta00epic/page/111">111</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epicharmi+Fragmenta&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=apud+Vincentium+Loosjes&rft.date=1834&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffragmenta00epic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeer2012" class="citation book cs1">Neer, Richard (2012). <i>Greek Art and Archaeology</i>. New York City: Thames and Hudson. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-28877-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-28877-1"><bdi>978-0-500-28877-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Art+and+Archaeology&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-500-28877-1&rft.aulast=Neer&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)"><i>Histories</i></a>, book 7, chap. 155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hellenicaworld.com/Greece/WS/en/Servus.html">Servus</a></i>, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), ed. <a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Sir William Smith</a> et. al.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Politics_(Aristotle)" title="Politics (Aristotle)">Politics</a></i> 5.1312b</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Anabasis_(Xenophon)" title="Anabasis (Xenophon)">Anabasis</a></i>, book 1, chapter 2, IX</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrickhouseSmith" class="citation web cs1">Brickhouse, Thomas; Smith, Nicholas D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iep.utm.edu/plato/">"Plato"</a>. <i>Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophers</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophers&rft.atitle=Plato&rft.aulast=Brickhouse&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Smith%2C+Nicholas+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiep.utm.edu%2Fplato%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">. J. B. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, 1958 Edition, pp. Vol I, 254, 327, 410; Vol II p. 171</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bitter Victory: The Battle for Sicily, 1943 by Carlo D'Este, pg. 148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olive-drab.com/od_history_ww2_ops_battles_1943sicily.php">"Operation Husky, Sicily 1943"</a>. olive-drab.com. 12 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operation+Husky%2C+Sicily+1943&rft.pub=olive-drab.com&rft.date=2008-04-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olive-drab.com%2Fod_history_ww2_ops_battles_1943sicily.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeppe_Caridi2014" class="citation web cs1">Peppe Caridi (31 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meteoweb.eu/2014/12/siracusa-neve/370854/">"Storica nevicata a Siracusa: città imbiancata con 0 °C, non-era mai successo prima [FOTO e VIDEO]"</a>. <i>MeteoWeb</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MeteoWeb&rft.atitle=Storica+nevicata+a+Siracusa%3A+citt%C3%A0+imbiancata+con+0+%C2%B0C%2C+non-era+mai+successo+prima+%5BFOTO+e+VIDEO%5D&rft.date=2014-12-31&rft.au=Peppe+Caridi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteoweb.eu%2F2014%2F12%2Fsiracusa-neve%2F370854%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wmo.int/media/news/wmo-monitoring-potential-new-temperature-records">"WMO is monitoring potential new temperature records"</a>. <i>public.wmo.int</i>. 17 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=public.wmo.int&rft.atitle=WMO+is+monitoring+potential+new+temperature+records&rft.date=2023-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwmo.int%2Fmedia%2Fnews%2Fwmo-monitoring-potential-new-temperature-records&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Repubblica-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Repubblica_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Repubblica_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFdi_Bartolo2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">di Bartolo, Isabella (11 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://palermo.repubblica.it/cronaca/2021/08/11/news/a_siracusa_48_8_gradi_mai_una_temperatura_cosi_alta_in_europa-313709104/">"Caldo record: a Siracusa 48,8 gradi, mai una temperatura così alta in Europa"</a> (in Italian). <a href="/wiki/La_Repubblica" title="La Repubblica">la Repubblica</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caldo+record%3A+a+Siracusa+48%2C8+gradi%2C+mai+una+temperatura+cos%C3%AC+alta+in+Europa&rft.pub=la+Repubblica&rft.date=2021-08-11&rft.aulast=di+Bartolo&rft.aufirst=Isabella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpalermo.repubblica.it%2Fcronaca%2F2021%2F08%2F11%2Fnews%2Fa_siracusa_48_8_gradi_mai_una_temperatura_cosi_alta_in_europa-313709104%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Enea-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Enea_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141103071030/http://clisun.casaccia.enea.it/profili/tabelle/697%20%5BSiracusa%5D%20capoluogo.Txt">"Profilo climatico dell'Italia: Siracusa"</a> (in Italian). Ente per la Nuove tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clisun.casaccia.enea.it/Profili/tabelle/697%20%5BSiracusa%5D%20capoluogo.Txt">the original</a> on 3 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profilo+climatico+dell%27Italia%3A+Siracusa&rft.pub=Ente+per+la+Nuove+tecnologie%2C+l%27Energia+e+l%27Ambiente&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclisun.casaccia.enea.it%2FProfili%2Ftabelle%2F697%2520%255BSiracusa%255D%2520capoluogo.Txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/italy/syracuse-climate">"Syracuse, Italy – Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast"</a>. <i>Weather Atlas</i>. Yu Media Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weather+Atlas&rft.atitle=Syracuse%2C+Italy+%E2%80%93+Detailed+climate+information+and+monthly+weather+forecast&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather-atlas.com%2Fen%2Fitaly%2Fsyracuse-climate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=16464&ano=2022&mes=1&day=26&hora=12&min=0&ndays=30">"16464: Siracusa (Italy)"</a>. <i>ogimet.com</i>. OGIMET. 25 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ogimet.com&rft.atitle=16464%3A+Siracusa+%28Italy%29&rft.date=2022-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ogimet.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgsynres%3Find%3D16464%26ano%3D2022%26mes%3D1%26day%3D26%26hora%3D12%26min%3D0%26ndays%3D30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/italia/stazioni-wmo/siracusa-idroscalo/">"Temperature estreme in Toscana/Siracusa"</a> (in Italian). Temperature estreme in Siracusa<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Temperature+estreme+in+Toscana%2FSiracusa&rft.pub=Temperature+estreme+in+Siracusa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimaintoscana.altervista.org%2Fitalia%2Fstazioni-wmo%2Fsiracusa-idroscalo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060709083746/http://demo.istat.it/bil2002/index.html">"Statistiche demografiche ISTAT"</a>. Demo.istat.it. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/bil2002/index.html">the original</a> on 9 July 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistiche+demografiche+ISTAT&rft.pub=Demo.istat.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemo.istat.it%2Fbil2002%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090426215446/http://demo.istat.it/bil2007/index.html">"Statistiche demografiche ISTAT"</a>. Demo.istat.it. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/bil2007/index.html">the original</a> on 26 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistiche+demografiche+ISTAT&rft.pub=Demo.istat.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemo.istat.it%2Fbil2007%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unesco-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unesco_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1200">"Syracuse and the Rocky Necropolis of Pantalica"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. 8 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Syracuse+and+the+Rocky+Necropolis+of+Pantalica&rft.date=2008-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCord2023" class="citation book cs1">Cord, David (2023). <i>The Spring of Arethusa</i>. p. 7–9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spring+of+Arethusa&rft.pages=7-9&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Cord&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCord2024" class="citation book cs1">Cord, David (2024). <i>St Lucy of Syracuse: A Biography</i>. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9798345203378" title="Special:BookSources/9798345203378"><bdi>9798345203378</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=St+Lucy+of+Syracuse%3A+A+Biography&rft.pages=81&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9798345203378&rft.aulast=Cord&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Syracuse,_Sicily#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Syracuse, Sicily">Bibliography of the history of Syracuse, Sicily</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDummett2015" class="citation book cs1">Dummett, Jeremy (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lehmanns.de/shop/reisen/31063532-9781784533069-syracuse-city-of-legends"><i>Syracuse City of Legends: A Glory of Sicily</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Paperback)</span>. London: I. B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78453-306-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78453-306-9"><bdi>978-1-78453-306-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syracuse+City+of+Legends%3A+A+Glory+of+Sicily&rft.place=London&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-78453-306-9&rft.aulast=Dummett&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lehmanns.de%2Fshop%2Freisen%2F31063532-9781784533069-syracuse-city-of-legends&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyracuse%2C+Sicily" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Siracusa" class="extiw" title="commons:Siracusa"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Siracusa</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Syracuse_(Italy)#Q13670" class="extiw" title="voy:Syracuse (Italy)">Syracuse (Italy)</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forumancientcoins.com/catalog/roman-and-greek-coins.asp?vpar=54">Coins from ancient Syracuse and Sicily</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/su-sz/syracuse/syracuse_history01.html">Livius.org: History of Syracuse</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161110013228/http://www.livius.org/su-sz/syracuse/syracuse_history01.html">Archived</a> 10 November 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bartolomy.com/syracuse/">Photos of Ortigia in Syracuse</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141015174236/http://bartolomy.com/syracuse/">Archived</a> 15 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sicily_·_Comuni_of_the_Province_of_Syracuse" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Province_of_Syracuse" title="Template:Province of Syracuse"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Province_of_Syracuse" title="Template talk:Province of Syracuse"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Province_of_Syracuse" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Province of Syracuse"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sicily_·_Comuni_of_the_Province_of_Syracuse" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comuni</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Syracuse" title="Province of Syracuse">Province of Syracuse</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Sicily" title="Augusta, Sicily">Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avola" title="Avola">Avola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccheri" title="Buccheri">Buccheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buscemi" title="Buscemi">Buscemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canicattini_Bagni" title="Canicattini Bagni">Canicattini Bagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlentini" title="Carlentini">Carlentini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassaro" title="Cassaro">Cassaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferla" title="Ferla">Ferla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floridia" title="Floridia">Floridia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francofonte" title="Francofonte">Francofonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentini" title="Lentini">Lentini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilli" title="Melilli">Melilli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noto" title="Noto">Noto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachino" title="Pachino">Pachino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzolo_Acreide" title="Palazzolo Acreide">Palazzolo Acreide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portopalo_di_Capo_Passero" title="Portopalo di Capo Passero">Portopalo di Capo Passero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priolo_Gargallo" title="Priolo Gargallo">Priolo Gargallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosolini" title="Rosolini">Rosolini</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solarino" title="Solarino">Solarino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sortino" title="Sortino">Sortino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Archaeological_sites_in_Sicily" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Archaeological_sites_in_Sicily" title="Template:Archaeological sites in Sicily"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Archaeological_sites_in_Sicily" title="Template talk:Archaeological sites in Sicily"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Archaeological_sites_in_Sicily" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Archaeological sites in Sicily"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Archaeological_sites_in_Sicily" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Archaeological sites in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Agrigento" title="Province of Agrigento">Province of Agrigento</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Minoa" title="Heraclea Minoa">Heraclea Minoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrigento" title="Agrigento">Akragas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valle_dei_Templi" title="Valle dei Templi">Valle dei Templi</a> - <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Concordia,_Agrigento" title="Temple of Concordia, Agrigento">Temple of Concordia</a> - <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Heracles,_Agrigento" title="Temple of Heracles, Agrigento">Temple of Heracles</a> - <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Juno,_Agrigento" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Juno, Agrigento">Temple of Juno</a> - <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Olympian_Zeus,_Agrigento" title="Temple of Olympian Zeus, Agrigento">Temple of Olympian Zeus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_of_Concordia,_Agrigento.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Temple_of_Concordia%2C_Agrigento.jpg/100px-Temple_of_Concordia%2C_Agrigento.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Temple_of_Concordia%2C_Agrigento.jpg/150px-Temple_of_Concordia%2C_Agrigento.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Temple_of_Concordia%2C_Agrigento.jpg/200px-Temple_of_Concordia%2C_Agrigento.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3714" data-file-height="2512" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Selinunte_Panoramic_View_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Selinunte_Panoramic_View_1.jpg/100px-Selinunte_Panoramic_View_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Selinunte_Panoramic_View_1.jpg/150px-Selinunte_Panoramic_View_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Selinunte_Panoramic_View_1.jpg/200px-Selinunte_Panoramic_View_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5654" data-file-height="2026" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Segesta-Theater01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Segesta-Theater01.JPG/100px-Segesta-Theater01.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Segesta-Theater01.JPG/150px-Segesta-Theater01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Segesta-Theater01.JPG/200px-Segesta-Theater01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Caltanissetta" title="Province of Caltanissetta">Province of Caltanissetta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gela" title="Gela">Gela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosco_Littorio" title="Bosco Littorio">Bosco Littorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_baths_of_Gela" title="Greek baths of Gela">Greek baths of Gela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibil_Gabib" title="Gibil Gabib">Gibil Gabib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Bubbonia" title="Monte Bubbonia">Monte Bubbonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polizzello_archaeological_site" title="Polizzello archaeological site">Polizzello archaeological site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabucina" title="Sabucina">Sabucina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassallaggi" title="Vassallaggi">Vassallaggi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Catania" title="Province of Catania">Province of Catania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aetna_(city)" title="Aetna (city)">Aetna (city)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Katáne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palike" title="Palike">Palike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Ippolito_(hill)" title="Sant'Ippolito (hill)">Sant'Ippolito (Caltagirone)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Enna" title="Province of Enna">Province of Enna</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centuripe" title="Centuripe">Centuripe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgantina" title="Morgantina">Morgantina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Romana_del_Casale" title="Villa Romana del Casale">Villa Romana del Casale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Messina" title="Province of Messina">Province of Messina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abacaenum" title="Abacaenum">Abacaenum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halaesa" title="Halaesa">Halaesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxos_(Sicily)" title="Naxos (Sicily)">Naxos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_theatre_of_Taormina" title="Ancient theatre of Taormina">Ancient theatre of Taormina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tindari" title="Tindari">Tindari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Romana_di_Patti" title="Villa Romana di Patti">Villa Romana di Patti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Palermo" title="Province of Palermo">Province of Palermo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entella" title="Entella">Entella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotta_dell%27Addaura" title="Grotta dell'Addaura">Grotta dell'Addaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippana" title="Hippana">Hippana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ietas" title="Ietas">Ietas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himera" title="Himera">Himera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirama_(Sicily)" title="Pirama (Sicily)">Pirama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soluntum" title="Soluntum">Soluntum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ragusa" title="Province of Ragusa">Province of Ragusa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrillai" title="Akrillai">Akrillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybla_Heraea" title="Hybla Heraea">Hybla Heraea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarina,_Sicily" title="Kamarina, Sicily">Kamarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaukana" title="Kaukana">Kaukana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Syracuse" title="Province of Syracuse">Province of Syracuse</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrai" title="Akrai">Akrai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santoni" title="Santoni">Santoni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casmenae" title="Casmenae">Casmenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cava_del_Rivettazzo" title="Cava del Rivettazzo">Cava del Rivettazzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonne_di_San_Basilio" title="Colonne di San Basilio">Colonne di San Basilio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helorus" title="Helorus">Helorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netum" title="Netum">Netum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megara_Hyblaea" title="Megara Hyblaea">Megara Hyblaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrakousai" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrakousai">Syrakousai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_amphitheatre_of_Syracuse" title="Roman amphitheatre of Syracuse">Roman amphitheatre of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_of_Hieron" title="Altar of Hieron">Altar of Hieron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_of_Dionysius" title="Ear of Dionysius">Ear of Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galermi_Aqueduct" title="Galermi Aqueduct">Galermi Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Theatre_of_Syracuse" title="Greek Theatre of Syracuse">Greek Theatre of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotta_del_Ninfeo" title="Grotta del Ninfeo">Grotta del Ninfeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Athena_(Syracuse)" title="Temple of Athena (Syracuse)">Temple of Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Apollo_(Syracuse)" title="Temple of Apollo (Syracuse)">Temple of Apollo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necropolis_of_Cassibile" title="Necropolis of Cassibile">Necropolis of Cassibile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necropolis_of_Pantalica" title="Necropolis of Pantalica">Necropolis of Pantalica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thapsos" title="Thapsos">Thapsos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Romana_del_Tellaro" title="Villa Romana del Tellaro">Villa Romana del Tellaro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Trapani" title="Province of Trapani">Province of Trapani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eryx_(Sicily)" title="Eryx (Sicily)">Eryx</a>/<a href="/wiki/Erice" title="Erice">Erice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drepanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Drepanum">Drepanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halyciae" title="Halyciae">Halyciae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levanzo" title="Levanzo">Grotta del Genovese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Polizzo" title="Monte Polizzo">Monte Polizzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motya" title="Motya">Motya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segesta" title="Segesta">Segesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinunte</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_C_(Selinus)" title="Temple C (Selinus)">Temple C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_E_(Selinus)" title="Temple E (Selinus)">Temple E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_F_(Selinus)" title="Temple F (Selinus)">Temple F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_di_Cusa" title="Cave di Cusa">Cave di Cusa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_furnaces_in_Alcamo" title="Roman furnaces in Alcamo">Roman furnaces in Alcamo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy">World Heritage Sites in Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Italy" title="Northwest Italy">Northwest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crespi_d%27Adda" title="Crespi d'Adda">Crespi d'Adda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_center_of_Genoa" title="Historic center of Genoa">Historic center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivrea" title="Ivrea">Ivrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantua" title="Mantua">Mantua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sabbioneta" title="Sabbioneta">Sabbioneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_San_Giorgio" title="Monte San Giorgio">Monte San Giorgio</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Venere" title="Porto Venere">Porto Venere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palmaria_(island)" title="Palmaria (island)">Palmaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tino_(island)" title="Tino (island)">Tino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tinetto" title="Tinetto">Tinetto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinque_Terre" title="Cinque Terre">Cinque Terre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residences_of_the_Royal_House_of_Savoy" title="Residences of the Royal House of Savoy">Residences of the Royal House of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhaetian_Railway" title="Rhaetian Railway">Rhaetian Railway</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Albula_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Albula Railway">Albula</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bernina_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernina railway">Bernina</a> Landscapes<sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Drawings_in_Valcamonica" title="Rock Drawings in Valcamonica">Rock Drawings in Valcamonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacri_Monti_of_Piedmont_and_Lombardy" title="Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy"><i>Sacri Monti</i> of Piedmont and Lombardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_(Milan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria delle Grazie (Milan)">Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vineyard_Landscape_of_Piedmont:_Langhe-Roero_and_Monferrato" title="Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato">Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont</a>: <a href="/wiki/Langhe" title="Langhe">Langhe</a>-<a href="/wiki/Roero" title="Roero">Roero</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montferrat" title="Montferrat">Monferrato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Italy" title="Northeast Italy">Northeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquileia" title="Aquileia">Aquileia</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dolomites" title="Dolomites">Dolomites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a></li> <li>Le Colline del <a href="/wiki/Prosecco" title="Prosecco">Prosecco</a> di <a href="/wiki/Conegliano" title="Conegliano">Conegliano</a> e <a href="/wiki/Valdobbiadene" title="Valdobbiadene">Valdobbiadene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modena_Cathedral" title="Modena Cathedral">Modena Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torre_della_Ghirlandina" title="Torre della Ghirlandina">Torre della Ghirlandina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modena#Main_sights" title="Modena">Piazza Grande, Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orto_botanico_di_Padova" title="Orto botanico di Padova">Orto botanico di Padova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padua%27s_fourteenth-century_fresco_cycles" title="Padua's fourteenth-century fresco cycles">Padua's fourteenth-century fresco cycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porticoes_of_Bologna" title="Porticoes of Bologna">Porticoes of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravenna#Main_sights" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Vicenza_and_the_Palladian_Villas_of_the_Veneto" title="City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto">City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Italy" title="Central Italy">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assisi" title="Assisi">Assisi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Francis_of_Assisi" title="Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi">Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li>Etruscan Necropolises of <a href="/wiki/Cerveteri" title="Cerveteri">Cerveteri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tarquinia" title="Tarquinia">Tarquinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Spa_Towns_of_Europe" title="Great Spa Towns of Europe">Great Spa Towns of Europe - Montecatini Terme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Florence" title="Historic Centre of Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Villa" title="Hadrian's Villa">Hadrian's Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medici_villas" title="Medici villas">Medici villas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_dei_Miracoli" title="Piazza dei Miracoli">Piazza del Duomo, Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pienza" title="Pienza">Pienza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gimignano" title="San Gimignano">San Gimignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbino" title="Urbino">Urbino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_d%27Orcia" title="Val d'Orcia">Val d'Orcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_d%27Este" title="Villa d'Este">Villa d'Este</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Italy" title="South Italy">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberobello" title="Alberobello">Alberobello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalfi_Coast" title="Amalfi Coast">Amalfi Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appian_Way" title="Appian Way">Appian Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castel_del_Monte,_Apulia" title="Castel del Monte, Apulia">Castel del Monte, Apulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parco_Nazionale_del_Cilento,_Vallo_di_Diano_e_Alburni" title="Parco Nazionale del Cilento, Vallo di Diano e Alburni">Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paestum" title="Paestum">Paestum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Velia" title="Velia">Velia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Certosa_di_Padula" title="Certosa di Padula">Certosa di Padula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oplontis" title="Oplontis">Oplontis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Villa_Poppaea" title="Villa Poppaea">Villa Poppaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Naples" title="Historic Centre of Naples">Historic Centre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Caserta" title="Royal Palace of Caserta">Royal Palace of Caserta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_of_Vanvitelli" title="Aqueduct of Vanvitelli">Aqueduct of Vanvitelli</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Leucio" title="San Leucio">San Leucio Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassi_di_Matera" title="Sassi di Matera">Sassi di Matera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Insular_Italy" title="Insular Italy">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_Islands" title="Aeolian Islands">Aeolian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab-Norman_Palermo_and_the_Cathedral_Churches_of_Cefal%C3%B9_and_Monreale" title="Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale">Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valle_dei_Templi" title="Valle dei Templi">Archaeological Area of Agrigento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Nuraxi_(Barumini)" title="Su Nuraxi (Barumini)">Barumini nuraghes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Etna" title="Mount Etna">Mount Etna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Syracuse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Necropolis_of_Pantalica" title="Necropolis of Pantalica">Necropolis of Pantalica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_di_Noto" title="Val di Noto">Val di Noto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Romana_del_Casale" title="Villa Romana del Casale">Villa Romana del Casale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countrywide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longobards_in_Italy,_Places_of_Power_(568%E2%80%93774_A.D.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.)">Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cividale_del_Friuli" title="Cividale del Friuli">Cividale del Friuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelseprio_(archaeological_park)" title="Castelseprio (archaeological park)">Castelseprio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoleto" title="Spoleto">Spoleto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Clitumnus" title="Temple of Clitumnus">Temple of Clitumnus</a> located at <a href="/wiki/Campello_sul_Clitunno" title="Campello sul Clitunno">Campello sul Clitunno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sofia,_Benevento" title="Santa Sofia, Benevento">Santa Sofia</a> located at <a href="/wiki/Benevento" title="Benevento">Benevento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Monte_Sant%27Angelo" title="Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo">Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo</a> located at <a href="/wiki/Monte_Sant%27Angelo" title="Monte Sant'Angelo">Monte Sant'Angelo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_and_Primeval_Beech_Forests_of_the_Carpathians_and_Other_Regions_of_Europe" title="Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe">Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Works_of_Defence_between_15th_and_17th_centuries:_Stato_da_Terra_%E2%80%93_western_Stato_da_Mar" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – western Stato da Mar">Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries</a><sup>5</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmanova" title="Palmanova">Palmanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peschiera_del_Garda" title="Peschiera del Garda">Peschiera del Garda</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><sup><small>4</small></sup> with 17 other countries</li> <li><sup><small>5</small></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Greece" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Template:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Template talk:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Greece" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_Greece" title="Timeline of ancient Greece">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="HistoryGeography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Greece" title="History of Greece">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_ancient_Greece" title="Regions of ancient Greece">Geography</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycladic_culture" title="Cycladic culture">Cycladic civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Dark_Ages" title="Greek Dark Ages">Greek Dark Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">Classical Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Greece" title="Hellenistic Greece">Hellenistic Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Roman_era" title="Greece in the Roman era">Roman Greece</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_ancient_Greece" title="Regions of ancient Greece">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolis" title="Aeolis">Aeolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Hexapolis" title="Doric Hexapolis">Doris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles">Hellespont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Taurica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonies_in_antiquity" title="Colonies in antiquity">Ancient Greek colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="City_statesPoliticsMilitary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">City states</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Military</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">City states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Argos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Argos">Argos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcis" title="Chalcis">Chalcis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eretria" title="Eretria">Eretria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Kerkyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalopolis,_Greece" title="Megalopolis, Greece">Megalopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megara" title="Megara">Megara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos" title="Samos">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lissus_(Crete)" title="Lissus (Crete)">Lissus (Crete)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bithynia" title="Kingdom of Bithynia">Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cappadocia" title="Kingdom of Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_(ancient_state)" title="Epirus (ancient state)">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pergamon" title="Kingdom of Pergamon">Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pontus" title="Kingdom of Pontus">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federations</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">Confederations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Hexapolis" title="Doric Hexapolis">Doric Hexapolis</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1100</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 560 BC</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italiotes#Italiote_League" title="Italiotes">Italiote League</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 800</span>–389 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_League" title="Ionian League">Ionian League</a> (c. 650–404 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_League" title="Peloponnesian League">Peloponnesian League</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 550</span>–366 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphictyonic_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphictyonic League">Amphictyonic League</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 595</span>–279 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acarnanian_League" title="Acarnanian League">Acarnanian League</a> (c. 500–31 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Persian_Wars" title="Greco-Persian Wars">Hellenic League</a> (499–449 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delian_League" title="Delian League">Delian League</a> (478–404 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcidian_League" title="Chalcidian League">Chalcidian League</a> (430–348 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeotia#Boeotian_League" title="Boeotia">Boeotian League</a> (c. 424–c. 395 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aetolian_League" title="Aetolian League">Aetolian League</a> (c. 400–188 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Athenian_League" title="Second Athenian League">Second Athenian League</a> (378–355 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessalian_League" title="Thessalian League">Thessalian League</a> (374–196 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadian_League" title="Arcadian League">Arcadian League</a> (370–c. 230 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirote_League" title="Epirote League">Epirote League</a> (370–168 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Corinth" title="League of Corinth">League of Corinth</a> (338–322 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euboean_League" title="Euboean League">Euboean League</a> (c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaean_League" title="Achaean League">Achaean League</a> (280–146 BC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boule_(ancient_Greece)" title="Boule (ancient Greece)">Boule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_city_(classical_antiquity)" title="Free city (classical antiquity)">Free city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koinon" title="Koinon">Koinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxeny" title="Proxeny">Proxeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasis_(ancient_Greece)" title="Stasis (ancient Greece)">Stasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagus_(title)" title="Tagus (title)">Tagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrant" title="Tyrant">Tyrant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Athenian_democracy" title="Athenian democracy">Athenian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agora" title="Agora">Agora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areopagus" title="Areopagus">Areopagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_(ancient_Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesia (ancient Athens)">Ecclesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphe_paranomon" title="Graphe paranomon">Graphe paranomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliaia" title="Heliaia">Heliaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostracism" title="Ostracism">Ostracism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spartan_Constitution" title="Spartan Constitution">Spartan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_(Sparta)" title="Ecclesia (Sparta)">Ekklesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephor" title="Ephor">Ephor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerousia" title="Gerousia">Gerousia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synedrion" title="Synedrion">Synedrion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koinon_of_Macedonians" class="mw-redirect" title="Koinon of Macedonians">Koinon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Greece" title="List of wars involving Greece">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_military" title="Athenian military">Athenian military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_archers" title="Scythian archers">Scythian archers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonid_Macedonian_army" title="Antigonid Macedonian army">Antigonid Macedonian army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_army" title="Ancient Macedonian army">Army of Macedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballista" title="Ballista">Ballista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_archers" title="Cretan archers">Cretan archers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_armies" title="Hellenistic armies">Hellenistic armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippeis" title="Hippeis">Hippeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoplite" title="Hoplite">Hoplite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companion_cavalry" title="Companion cavalry">Hetairoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_phalanx" title="Macedonian phalanx">Macedonian phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Mycenaean_Greece" title="Military of Mycenaean Greece">Military of Mycenaean Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalanx" title="Phalanx">Phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peltast" title="Peltast">Peltast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pezhetairos" title="Pezhetairos">Pezhetairos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarissa" title="Sarissa">Sarissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Band_of_Thebes" title="Sacred Band of Thebes">Sacred Band of Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciritae" title="Sciritae">Sciritae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_army" title="Seleucid army">Seleucid army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartan_army" title="Spartan army">Spartan army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategos" title="Strategos">Strategos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxotai" title="Toxotai">Toxotai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiphos" title="Xiphos">Xiphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xyston" title="Xyston">Xyston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greeks" title="Category:Ancient Greeks">People</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="List_of_ancient_Greeks"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greeks" title="List of ancient Greeks">List of ancient Greeks</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_rulers_of_Greece#Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of rulers of Greece">Rulers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Argos" title="List of kings of Argos">Kings of Argos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponymous_archon" title="Eponymous archon">Archons of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Athens" title="List of kings of Athens">Kings of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Commagene" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Commagene">Kings of Commagene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadochi" title="Diadochi">Diadochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Macedonia" title="List of kings of Macedonia">Kings of Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Thrace_and_Dacia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Thrace and Dacia">Kings of Paionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attalid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Attalid dynasty">Attalid kings of Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Pontus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kings of Pontus">Kings of Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_dynasty" title="Seleucid dynasty">Seleucid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Sparta" title="List of kings of Sparta">Kings of Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tyrants_of_Syracuse" title="List of tyrants of Syracuse">Tyrants of Syracuse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists & scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_astronomers" title="List of ancient Greek astronomers">Astronomers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Graeco-Roman_geographers" title="List of Graeco-Roman geographers">Geographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_historians" title="List of ancient Greek historians">Historians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_mathematicians" title="List of ancient Greek mathematicians">Mathematicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_philosophers" title="List of ancient Greek philosophers">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_playwrights" title="List of ancient Greek playwrights">Playwrights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_poets" title="List of ancient Greek poets">Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sages_of_Greece" title="Seven Sages of Greece">Seven Sages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_writers" title="List of ancient Greek writers">Writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaxagoras" title="Anaxagoras">Anaxagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaximander" title="Anaximander">Anaximander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaximenes_of_Miletus" title="Anaximenes of Miletus">Anaximenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisthenes" title="Antisthenes">Antisthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democritus" title="Democritus">Democritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogenes" title="Diogenes">Diogenes of Sinope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empedocles" title="Empedocles">Empedocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicurus" title="Epicurus">Epicurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgias" title="Gorgias">Gorgias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclitus" title="Heraclitus">Heraclitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypatia" title="Hypatia">Hypatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucippus" title="Leucippus">Leucippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmenides" title="Parmenides">Parmenides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protagoras" title="Protagoras">Protagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thales_of_Miletus" title="Thales of Miletus">Thales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_of_Elea" title="Zeno of Elea">Zeno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">Authors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesop" title="Aesop">Aesop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcaeus_of_Mytilene" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcaeus of Mytilene">Alcaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archilochus" title="Archilochus">Archilochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacchylides" title="Bacchylides">Bacchylides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipponax" title="Hipponax">Hipponax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibycus" title="Ibycus">Ibycus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menander" title="Menander">Menander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimnermus" title="Mimnermus">Mimnermus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyassis" title="Panyassis">Panyassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philocles" title="Philocles">Philocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sappho" title="Sappho">Sappho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simonides_of_Ceos" title="Simonides of Ceos">Simonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stesichorus" title="Stesichorus">Stesichorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theognis_of_Megara" title="Theognis of Megara">Theognis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timocreon" title="Timocreon">Timocreon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrtaeus" title="Tyrtaeus">Tyrtaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Athenian_statesmen" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ancient Athenian statesmen">Athenian statesmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_lawgivers" title="List of ancient Greek lawgivers">Lawgivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Olympic_victors" title="List of ancient Olympic victors">Olympic victors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_tyrants" title="List of ancient Greek tyrants">Tyrants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_tribes" title="List of ancient Greek tribes">Ancient Greek tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thracian_Greeks" title="List of Thracian Greeks">Thracian Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Macedonians" title="List of ancient Macedonians">Ancient Macedonians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="SocietyCulture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greece" title="Culture of Greece">Culture</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_ancient_Greece" title="Agriculture in ancient Greece">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_calendars" title="Ancient Greek calendars">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Greece" title="Clothing in ancient Greece">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_coinage" title="Ancient Greek coinage">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_ancient_Greece" title="Economy of ancient Greece">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paideia" title="Paideia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emporium_(antiquity)" title="Emporium (antiquity)">Emporium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euergetism" title="Euergetism">Euergetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_festivals" title="Athenian festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_folklore" title="Ancient Greek folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Greece" title="Homosexuality in ancient Greece">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_law" title="Ancient Greek law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pederasty_in_ancient_Greece" title="Pederasty in ancient Greece">Pederasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_ancient_Greece" title="Prostitution in ancient Greece">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Greece" title="Slavery in ancient Greece">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_ancient_Greece" title="Marriage in ancient Greece">Wedding customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece_and_wine" title="Ancient Greece and wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">Arts</a> and science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_architecture" title="Ancient Greek architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival architecture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_astronomy" title="Ancient Greek astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mathematics" title="Greek mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_medicine" title="Ancient Greek medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_ancient_Greece" title="Music of ancient Greece">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_system_of_ancient_Greece" title="Musical system of ancient Greece">Musical system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Greece" title="Pottery of ancient Greece">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_sculpture" title="Ancient Greek sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_technology" title="Ancient Greek technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Greece" title="Theatre of ancient Greece">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_funeral_and_burial_practices" title="Ancient Greek funeral and burial practices">Funeral and burial practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Mythology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_figures" title="List of Greek mythological figures">mythological figures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_temple" title="Ancient Greek temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Twelve Olympians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld" title="Greek underworld">Underworld</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">Sacred places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleusis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleusis">Eleusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dion,_Pieria" title="Dion, Pieria">Dion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodona" title="Dodona">Dodona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_Treasury" title="Athenian Treasury">Athenian Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Gate" title="Lion Gate">Lion Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Walls" title="Long Walls">Long Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippeion" title="Philippeion">Philippeion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Dionysus" title="Theatre of Dionysus">Theatre of Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_of_Eupalinos" title="Tunnel of Eupalinos">Tunnel of Eupalinos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_temple" title="Ancient Greek temple">Temples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Aphaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Aphaea">Aphaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Athena_Nike" title="Temple of Athena Nike">Athena Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erechtheion" title="Erechtheion">Erechtheion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hephaestus" title="Temple of Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hera,_Olympia" title="Temple of Hera, Olympia">Hera, Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samothrace_temple_complex" title="Samothrace temple complex">Samothrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Zeus,_Olympia" title="Temple of Zeus, Olympia">Zeus, Olympia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Greek_language" title="Proto-Greek language">Proto-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Greek" title="Homeric Greek">Homeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_dialects" title="Ancient Greek dialects">Dialects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Aeolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadocypriot_Greek" title="Arcadocypriot Greek">Arcadocypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Greek" title="Doric Greek">Doric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirote_Greek" title="Epirote Greek">Epirote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionic_Greek" title="Ionic Greek">Ionic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locrian_Greek" title="Locrian Greek">Locrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_language" title="Ancient Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphylian_Greek" title="Pamphylian Greek">Pamphylian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Greek_alphabet" title="History of the Greek alphabet">Writing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot syllabary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals" title="Greek numerals">Greek numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic numerals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Greek_colonisation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_colonisation" title="Greek colonisation">Greek colonisation</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainland<br />Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lecce" title="Lecce">Alision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brindisi" title="Brindisi">Brentesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caulonia_(ancient_city)" title="Caulonia (ancient city)">Caulonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casabona" title="Casabona">Chone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotone" title="Crotone">Croton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumae" title="Cumae">Cumae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velia" title="Velia">Elea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Lucania" title="Heraclea Lucania">Heraclea Lucania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibo_Valentia" title="Vibo Valentia">Hipponion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otranto" title="Otranto">Hydrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krimisa" title="Krimisa">Krimisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%C3%BCs" title="Laüs">Laüs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locri" title="Locri">Locri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medma" title="Medma">Medma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metauros" title="Metauros">Metauros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapontum" title="Metapontum">Metapontion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Neápolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandosia_(Lucania)" title="Pandosia (Lucania)">Pandosia (Lucania)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paestum" title="Paestum">Poseidonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policastro_Bussentino" title="Policastro Bussentino">Pixous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Rhegion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylletium" title="Scylletium">Scylletium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siris_(Magna_Graecia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siris (Magna Graecia)">Siris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybaris" title="Sybaris">Sybaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybaris_on_the_Traeis" title="Sybaris on the Traeis">Sybaris on the Traeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terina_(ancient_city)" title="Terina (ancient city)">Terina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurii" title="Thurii">Thurii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrigento" title="Agrigento">Akragas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrai" title="Akrai">Akrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrillai" title="Akrillai">Akrillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Sicily)" title="Apollonia (Sicily)">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caronia" title="Caronia">Calacte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casmenae" title="Casmenae">Casmenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gela" title="Gela">Gela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helorus" title="Helorus">Helorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enna" title="Enna">Henna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Minoa" title="Heraclea Minoa">Heraclea Minoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himera" title="Himera">Himera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybla_Gereatis" title="Hybla Gereatis">Hybla Gereatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybla_Heraea" title="Hybla Heraea">Hybla Heraea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarina,_Sicily" title="Kamarina, Sicily">Kamarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentini" title="Lentini">Leontinoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megara_Hyblaea" title="Megara Hyblaea">Megara Hyblaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxos_(Sicily)" title="Naxos (Sicily)">Naxos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segesta" title="Segesta">Segesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinous</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taormina" title="Taormina">Tauromenion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciacca" title="Sciacca">Thermae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tindari" title="Tindari">Tyndaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_Islands" title="Aeolian Islands">Aeolian Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salina,_Sicily" title="Salina, Sicily">Didyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panarea" title="Panarea">Euonymos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicudi" title="Alicudi">Ereikousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basiluzzo" title="Basiluzzo">Hycesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipari" title="Lipari">Lipara/Meligounis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filicudi" title="Filicudi">Phoenicusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromboli" title="Stromboli">Strongyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcano" title="Vulcano">Therassía</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayda,_Libya" title="Bayda, Libya">Balagrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barca_(ancient_city)" title="Barca (ancient city)">Barca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Berenice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apollonia,_Cyrenaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia, Cyrenaica">Apollonia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemais,_Cyrenaica" title="Ptolemais, Cyrenaica">Ptolemais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucentum" title="Lucentum">Akra Leuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villajoyosa" title="Villajoyosa">Alonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%BAries" title="Empúries">Emporion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elche" title="Elche">Helike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9nia" title="Dénia">Hemeroscopion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aljaraque" title="Aljaraque">Kalathousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mart%C3%AD_d%27Emp%C3%BAries" title="Sant Martí d'Empúries">Kypsela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainake_(Greek_settlement)" title="Mainake (Greek settlement)">Mainake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Puerto_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa" title="El Puerto de Santa María">Menestheus's Limin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Pola" title="Santa Pola">Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roses,_Girona" class="mw-redirect" title="Roses, Girona">Rhode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salou" title="Salou">Salauris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagunto" title="Sagunto">Zacynthos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspalathos" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspalathos">Aspalathos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Illyria)" title="Apollonia (Illyria)">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB#Early_history" title="Vlorë">Aulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidamnos" title="Epidamnos">Epidamnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidaurum" title="Epidaurum">Epidauros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issa_(polis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Issa (polis)">Issa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaina_Korkyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Melaina Korkyra">Melaina Korkyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeum_(Illyria)" title="Nymphaeum (Illyria)">Nymphaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricum" title="Oricum">Orikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharos_(polis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharos (polis)">Pharos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragurion" class="mw-redirect" title="Tragurion">Tragurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thronion_(Illyria)" title="Thronion (Illyria)">Thronion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a><br />basin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North<br />coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akra_(Crimmerian_Bosporus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akra (Crimmerian Bosporus)">Akra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berezan_Island" title="Berezan Island">Borysthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charax,_Crimea" title="Charax, Crimea">Charax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chersonesus" title="Chersonesus">Chersonesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Dioscurias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapa" title="Anapa">Gorgippia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tmutarakan" title="Tmutarakan">Hermonassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalos_Limen" title="Kalos Limen">Kalos Limen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepoi" title="Kepoi">Kepoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevpatoria" title="Yevpatoria">Kerkinitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimmerikon" title="Kimmerikon">Kimmerikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmekion" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrmekion">Myrmekion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikonion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikonion">Nikonion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaion_(Crimea)" title="Nymphaion (Crimea)">Nymphaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olbia_(Pontic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olbia (Pontic)">Olbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantikapaion" title="Pantikapaion">Pantikapaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanagoria" title="Phanagoria">Phanagoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitsunda" title="Pitsunda">Pityus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanais" title="Tanais">Tanais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feodosia" title="Feodosia">Theodosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyras" title="Tyras">Tyras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyritake" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyritake">Tyritake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South<br />coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abonoteichos" title="Abonoteichos">Abonoteichos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsun" title="Samsun">Amisos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomorie" title="Pomorie">Anchialos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sozopol" title="Sozopol">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazar,_Rize" title="Pazar, Rize">Athina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Bathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balchik" title="Balchik">Dionysopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordu" title="Ordu">Cotyora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytorus" title="Cytorus">Cytorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupatoria_(Pontus)" title="Eupatoria (Pontus)">Eupatoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Pontica" title="Heraclea Pontica">Heraclea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giresun" title="Giresun">Kerasous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesebar" title="Nesebar">Mesambria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varna,_Bulgaria" title="Varna, Bulgaria">Odessos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cnye" title="Ünye">Oinòe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phasis_(town)" title="Phasis (town)">Phasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatsa" title="Fatsa">Polemonion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rize" title="Rize">Rhizos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1y%C4%B1k%C3%B6y" title="Kıyıköy">Salmydessus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasra" title="Amasra">Sesamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinop,_Turkey" title="Sinop, Turkey">Sinope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terme" title="Terme">Thèrmae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tium" title="Tium">Tium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trapezous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripolis_(Pontus)" title="Tripolis (Pontus)">Tripolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaliche" title="Zaliche">Zaliche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_cities" title="List of ancient Greek cities">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_ancient_Epirus" title="List of cities in ancient Epirus">in Epirus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greeks" title="List of ancient Greeks">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_place_names" title="List of Greek place names">Place names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stoae" title="List of stoae">Stoae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ancient_Greek_temples" title="List of Ancient Greek temples">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_theatres" title="List of ancient Greek theatres">Theatres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greece" title="Category:Ancient Greece">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Greece" title="Portal:Ancient Greece">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_ancient_Greece" title="Outline of ancient Greece">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Italy_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Italy" title="Template:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Italy" title="Template talk:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Italy_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy" title="List of cities in Italy">Cities in Italy</a> by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andria" title="Andria">Andria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolzano" title="Bolzano">Bolzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foggia" title="Foggia">Foggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forl%C3%AC" title="Forlì">Forlì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giugliano_in_Campania" title="Giugliano in Campania">Giugliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latina,_Lazio" title="Latina, Lazio">Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monza" title="Monza">Monza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novara" title="Novara">Novara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piacenza" title="Piacenza">Piacenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prato" title="Prato">Prato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Emilia" title="Reggio Emilia">Reggio Emilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimini" title="Rimini">Rimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassari" title="Sassari">Sassari</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terni" title="Terni">Terni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udine" title="Udine">Udine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13670#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13670#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13670#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121586483">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/131280663">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155400709">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1212010/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhhwP4MvHx3wqhvfFDcyd">WorldCat</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjDhtjVJkh8kJR8GMdXtVd">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4106466-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81018794">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11956461n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11956461n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Syrakusy (Itálie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge192279&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX452561">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007550548905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981060957975306706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/58e2d7f4-2a28-4c51-97bd-6251c82c706f">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/462503">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/17664282X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&oldid=1257233392">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&oldid=1257233392</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Category:Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse, Sicily</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:8th-century_BC_establishments_in_Italy" title="Category:8th-century BC establishments in Italy">8th-century BC establishments in Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_sites_in_Sicily" title="Category:Archaeological sites in Sicily">Archaeological sites in Sicily</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Sicily" title="Category:Cities and towns in Sicily">Cities and towns in Sicily</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coastal_towns_in_Sicily" title="Category:Coastal towns in Sicily">Coastal towns in Sicily</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Corinthian_colonies" title="Category:Corinthian colonies">Corinthian colonies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dorian_colonies_in_Magna_Graecia" title="Category:Dorian colonies in Magna Graecia">Dorian colonies in Magna Graecia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mediterranean_port_cities_and_towns_in_Italy" title="Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Italy">Mediterranean port cities and towns in Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Municipalities_of_the_Province_of_Syracuse" title="Category:Municipalities of the Province of Syracuse">Municipalities of the Province of Syracuse</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_the_8th_century_BC" title="Category:Populated places established in the 8th century BC">Populated places established in the 8th century BC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sicilian_Baroque" title="Category:Sicilian Baroque">Sicilian Baroque</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="Category:World Heritage Sites in Italy">World Heritage Sites in Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Greek_city-states" title="Category:Greek city-states">Greek city-states</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Latin_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Latin IPA">Pages with Latin IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Attic_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Attic Greek-language text">Articles containing Attic Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Attic_Greek_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Attic Greek IPA">Pages with Attic Greek IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Doric_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Doric Greek-language text">Articles containing Doric Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Doric_Greek_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Doric Greek IPA">Pages with Doric Greek IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Medieval_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Medieval Greek-language text">Articles containing Medieval Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Medieval_Greek_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Medieval Greek IPA">Pages with Medieval Greek IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Greek_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Greek IPA">Pages with Greek IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2018" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2018">Articles with dead external links from June 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Oxford_spelling_from_December_2018" title="Category:Use Oxford spelling from December 2018">Use Oxford spelling from December 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2020">Use dmy dates from May 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_articles_needing_translation_from_Italian_Wikipedia" title="Category:Geography articles needing translation from Italian Wikipedia">Geography articles needing translation from Italian Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Italian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Italian-language text">Articles containing Italian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Sicilian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Sicilian-language text">Articles containing Sicilian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_possible_demonym_list" title="Category:Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list">Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_image_map1_but_not_image_map" title="Category:Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map">Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Italian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Italian IPA">Pages with Italian IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Sicilian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Sicilian IPA">Pages with Sicilian IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_April_2023" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from April 2023">Articles needing additional references from April 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2006" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons link is on Wikidata">Commons link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 November 2024, at 22:27<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syracuse,_Sicily&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-5w7wd","wgBackendResponseTime":173,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_f2119ac919bc33213ecc4bd2aa03a05b51136d2f":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q13670","properties":{"title":"Syracuse, Sicily","fill-opacity":0.5,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#606060"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoline?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q13670","properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Syracuse, Sicily"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.146","walltime":"2.969","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12659,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":424071,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":35150,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":28,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":38,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":181621,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2281.689 1 -total"," 35.30% 805.374 1 Template:Infobox_Italian_comune"," 33.39% 761.883 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 25.80% 588.739 2 Template:Infobox"," 9.48% 216.283 33 Template:Main_other"," 9.32% 212.682 2 Template:Reflist"," 7.58% 172.983 5 Template:Wikidata"," 6.48% 147.850 14 Template:Navbox"," 6.43% 146.814 1 Template:Province_of_Syracuse"," 5.98% 136.450 9 Template:Lang"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.157","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24679313,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","360","27.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","280","21.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","140","10.6"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","7.6"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","40","3.0"],["pairs","40","3.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","40","3.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","40","3.0"],["remove_wiki_link \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Utilities:468\u003E","40","3.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","40","3.0"],["[others]","200","15.2"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-bklvv","timestamp":"20241122140341","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Syracuse, Sicily","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syracuse,_Sicily","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q13670","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q13670","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-04T00:53:46Z","dateModified":"2024-11-13T22:27:38Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/34\/Veduta_aerea_di_Siracusa_e_con_l%27Etna_sullo_sfondo_%28Foto_di_Angelo_Bonomo%29.jpg","headline":"Italian commune in Sicily"}</script> </body> </html>