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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%81_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84" title="الخوف من العمل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الخوف من العمل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ергофобия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ергофобия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergof%C3%B2bia" title="Ergofòbia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ergofòbia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbeitsplatzphobie" title="Arbeitsplatzphobie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arbeitsplatzphobie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergofobia" title="Ergofobia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ergofobia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergofobija" title="Ergofobija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ergofobija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergofobia" title="Ergofobia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ergofobia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Ергофобија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ергофобија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergasiofobia" title="Ergasiofobia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ergasiofobia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anksioznost_na_delovnem_mestu" title="Anksioznost na delovnem mestu – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Anksioznost na delovnem mestu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Ергофобија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ергофобија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2724163#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Workplace_phobia&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Workplace phobia">Workplace phobia</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fear of work</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ergophobia" title="Special:EditPage/Ergophobia">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ergophobia" title="Talk:Ergophobia">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreliable_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-unreliable_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" 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Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ergophobia&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. 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The term <i>ergophobia</i> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ergon" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ergon">ergon</a>" (work) and "<a href="/wiki/Phobos_(mythology)" title="Phobos (mythology)">phobos</a>" (fear). </p><p>Ergophobia is not specifically defined in the <a href="/wiki/DSM-5" title="DSM-5">DSM-5</a>. Criteria can be accounted for under the category of "Other" specific phobia 300.29 (F40.298). </p><p>Features of ergophobia are often consistent with <a href="/wiki/Social_phobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Social phobia">social phobia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Performance_anxiety" class="mw-redirect" title="Performance anxiety">performance anxiety</a>, specifically irrational anxiety about the work and the workplace environment. This can include the <a href="/wiki/Fear_processing_in_the_brain" title="Fear processing in the brain">fear</a> of failing at assigned tasks, <a href="/wiki/Public_speaking" title="Public speaking">public speaking</a> at the workplace, performance anxiety, fear of socialising with co-workers, and fear of emotional, psychological and/or physical injuries at work.<sup id="cite_ref-Belcastro_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belcastro-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phobias">Phobias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ergophobia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Phobias"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Phobia" title="Phobia">phobia</a> is a psychological condition in which an individual has a persisting fear of a situation or object that disproportionate to the threat they actually pose.<sup id="cite_ref-Agras_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agras-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This condition stems from one's need to constantly be alert and avoid the source of the phobia that results in of psychological distress. Phobias can be specific to a certain stimulus or general to social situations. The most effective treatment for phobias is <a href="/wiki/Exposure_therapy" title="Exposure therapy">exposure therapy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Phobias are often associated with a range of other mental health disorders: <a href="/wiki/Depressive_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Depressive disorder">depressive disorder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anxiety_disorder" title="Anxiety disorder">anxiety disorder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bipolar_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Bipolar disorders">bipolar disorders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">substance abuse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Personality_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Personality disorders">personality disorders</a>. There is a potential connection between <a href="/wiki/Executive_dysfunction" title="Executive dysfunction">executive dysfunction</a> and work-related <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symptoms">Symptoms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ergophobia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Symptoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ergophobia has both physical and psychological symptoms associated with fear and avoidance of the work environment. A study focused on burnout among teachers concluded that those experiencing ergophobia performed significantly worse on a physical health index compared to their colleagues.<sup id="cite_ref-Belcastro_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belcastro-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guglielmi_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guglielmi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Physical symptoms of ergopobia<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> can include rapid heart rate, dry mouth, excessive sweating, general uneasiness, and <a href="/wiki/Panic_attack" title="Panic attack">panic attacks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Belcastro_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belcastro-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ergophobia is also described as causing impairment at work including inability to meet work requirements, difficulty keeping a job, avoidance of taking on additional work responsibility, ruminating on negative work situation or challenges at work, and disengagement from the workplace. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_measurement">History and measurement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ergophobia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History and measurement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ergophobia is a controversial concept, and in the past has been dismissed as laziness. William Upson defined it as "the art of laziness"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "morbid fear or hatred of work".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ergophobia was mentioned by a hospital in New Jersey in the 1860s.<sup id="cite_ref-Guglielmi_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guglielmi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ergophobia is considered by some to be a corollary of <a href="/wiki/Occupational_burnout" title="Occupational burnout">occupational burnout</a>, which is thought to be the result of long-term unresolvable job stress. The term "burnout" did not come to be used with regularity until the 1970s in the United States. Freudenberger, for example, used it to describe the phenomenon of physical and <a href="/wiki/Emotional_exhaustion" title="Emotional exhaustion">emotional exhaustion</a>, with associated negative attitudes arising from intense interactions when working with people.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burnout appears to be more common in occupations include health care and mental health care professionals, social welfare workers, lawyers, and business organization employees.<sup id="cite_ref-Belcastro_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belcastro-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although there is no formal diagnosis procedure for ergophobia or burnout, the <a href="/wiki/Maslach_Burnout_Inventory" title="Maslach Burnout Inventory">Maslach Burnout Inventory</a> – a series of introspective occupational burnout questions, is used together with the Areas of Worklife Survey (AWS) to assess levels of burnout. These tests measure emotional burnout, <a href="/wiki/Depersonalization" title="Depersonalization">depersonalization</a>, and personal achievements, and are suitable for both individual and group assessment.<sup id="cite_ref-Belcastro_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belcastro-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_syndromes">Similar syndromes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ergophobia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Similar syndromes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A similar syndrome as ergophobia is seen in <a href="/wiki/Generalized_anxiety_disorder" title="Generalized anxiety disorder">generalized anxiety disorder</a> (GAD), where one experiences uncontrollably elevated levels of anxiety and worries over varying issues and events.<sup id="cite_ref-Rada_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rada-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As with phobias, individuals with GAD experience anxiety that is disproportionate to the actual threat a situation poses. Adults with GAD can feel stressed by work-related concerns regarding everyday tasks, evaluations, and presentations.<sup id="cite_ref-Rada_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rada-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Social_anxiety_disorder" title="Social anxiety disorder">Social anxiety disorder</a>, also known as social phobia, is characterized by feelings of anxiety induced by social interactions or situations, in which the individual may be scrutinized or rejected by others.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This anxiety is easily exacerbated by work-related situations such as presentations, professional and friendly social interactions at the workplace.<sup id="cite_ref-Rada_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rada-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, "Other specified Anxiety Disorder" also causes distress and significant levels of anxiety, but not in a manner that fully embodies the diagnostic symptoms of anxiety disorders.<sup id="cite_ref-Rada_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rada-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This disorder greatly influences performance in social, occupational or other important situations, therefore may seem similar to Ergophobia or occupational burnout.<sup id="cite_ref-Rada_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rada-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ergophobia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The number of ergophobia cases increases with the number of people working in an ergophobia conducting environment, regardless of changes in the rates reported of ergophobia itself.<sup id="cite_ref-Ahola_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahola-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The changing circumstances of employer-employee relations has also been significantly altered by this evolution to a service-based economy.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Performance_appraisal" title="Performance appraisal">Performance appraisal systems</a> are now a popular tool within organizations to enhance employee commitment and productivity.<sup id="cite_ref-Belcastro_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belcastro-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such systems can exacerbate emotional exhaustion among employees and subsequently feelings of burnout or ergophobia.<sup id="cite_ref-Belcastro_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belcastro-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proliferation of mental health awareness discourses in popular Western culture may lead to mis- or overdiagnosis of mental illness.<sup id="cite_ref-Ahola_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahola-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the fear of work itself is such a general catchall term, many may mistakenly believe they suffer from ergophobia when in fact, they are simply dealing with occupational stress, or are afflicted by other mental health issues such as Generalized Anxiety Disorder or <a href="/wiki/Social_anxiety_disorder" title="Social anxiety disorder">social anxiety disorder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ergophobia" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Ergophobia">Ergophobia</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ergophobia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Belcastro-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Belcastro_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Belcastro_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Belcastro_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Belcastro_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Belcastro_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Belcastro_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Belcastro_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBelcastroHays1984" class="citation journal cs1">Belcastro, Philip A.; Hays, Leon C. (1984). "Ergophilia … ergophobia … ergo … burnout?". <i>Professional Psychology: Research and Practice</i>. <b>15</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">260–</span>270. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0735-7028.15.2.260">10.1037/0735-7028.15.2.260</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1939-1323">1939-1323</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Professional+Psychology%3A+Research+and+Practice&rft.atitle=Ergophilia+%E2%80%A6+ergophobia+%E2%80%A6+ergo+%E2%80%A6+burnout%3F&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E260-%3C%2Fspan%3E270&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0735-7028.15.2.260&rft.issn=1939-1323&rft.aulast=Belcastro&rft.aufirst=Philip+A.&rft.au=Hays%2C+Leon+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErgophobia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Agras-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Agras_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAgrasSylvesterOliveau1969" class="citation journal cs1">Agras, S.; Sylvester, D.; Oliveau, D. 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"Psychological approaches in the treatment of specific phobias: A meta-analysis". <i>Clinical Psychology Review</i>. <b>28</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">1021–</span>1037. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cpr.2008.02.007">10.1016/j.cpr.2008.02.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0272-7358">0272-7358</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18410984">18410984</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Psychology+Review&rft.atitle=Psychological+approaches+in+the+treatment+of+specific+phobias%3A+A+meta-analysis&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1021-%3C%2Fspan%3E1037&rft.date=2008-07&rft.issn=0272-7358&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18410984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cpr.2008.02.007&rft.aulast=Wolitzky-Taylor&rft.aufirst=Kate+B.&rft.au=Horowitz%2C+Jonathan+D.&rft.au=Powers%2C+Mark+B.&rft.au=Telch%2C+Michael+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErgophobia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEysenckDerakshanSantosCalvo2007" class="citation journal cs1">Eysenck, M. W.; Derakshan, N.; Santos, R.; Calvo, M. G. (2007). "Anxiety and cognitive performance: attentional control theory". <i>Emotion</i>. <b>7</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">336–</span>53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F1528-3542.7.2.336">10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.336</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17516812">17516812</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:33462708">33462708</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emotion&rft.atitle=Anxiety+and+cognitive+performance%3A+attentional+control+theory&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E336-%3C%2Fspan%3E53&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A33462708%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17516812&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F1528-3542.7.2.336&rft.aulast=Eysenck&rft.aufirst=M.+W.&rft.au=Derakshan%2C+N.&rft.au=Santos%2C+R.&rft.au=Calvo%2C+M.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErgophobia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guglielmi-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guglielmi_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guglielmi_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuglielmiTatrow1998" class="citation journal cs1">Guglielmi, R Sergio; Tatrow, Kristin (March 1998). 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(1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.15.2.260">"Ergophilia …ergophobia … ergo … burnout?"</a>. <i>Professional Psychology: Research and Practice</i>. <b>15</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">260–</span>270. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0735-7028.15.2.260">10.1037/0735-7028.15.2.260</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1939-1323">1939-1323</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Professional+Psychology%3A+Research+and+Practice&rft.atitle=Ergophilia+%E2%80%A6ergophobia+%E2%80%A6+ergo+%E2%80%A6+burnout%3F&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E260-%3C%2Fspan%3E270&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0735-7028.15.2.260&rft.issn=1939-1323&rft.aulast=Belcastro&rft.aufirst=Philip+A.&rft.au=Hays%2C+Leon+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1037%2F0735-7028.15.2.260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErgophobia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUpson1933" class="citation cs1">Upson, William Hazlett (1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scfindingaids.uvm.edu//repositories/2/archival_objects/188562"><i>Ergophobia</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Manuscript)</span>. 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