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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">個人用ツール</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="利用者メニュー" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ja.wikipedia.org&uselang=ja"><span>寄付</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%90&returnto=%E6%95%A3%E9%80%B8%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0" title="アカウントを作成してログインすることをお勧めしますが、必須ではありません"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>アカウント作成</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3&returnto=%E6%95%A3%E9%80%B8%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0" title="ログインすることを推奨します。ただし、必須ではありません。 [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ログイン</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ログアウトした編集者のページ <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%9A%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%81%B8%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%93%E3%81%9D" aria-label="編集の詳細"><span>もっと詳しく</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%E3%81%AE%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E8%A8%98%E9%8C%B2" title="このIPアドレスからなされた編集の一覧 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>投稿記録</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8" title="このIPアドレスからなされた編集についての議論 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>トーク</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="サイト"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目次" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目次</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">非表示</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ページ先頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-社会学・経済学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社会学・経済学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>社会学・経済学</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-社会学・経済学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-脚注" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#脚注"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>脚注</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-脚注-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-関連項目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#関連項目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>関連項目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-関連項目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目次" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="目次の表示・非表示を切り替え" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">目次の表示・非表示を切り替え</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">散逸構造</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="特定の記事の別の言語版に移動します。利用可能な言語31件" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31の言語版</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="ブルガリア語: Дисипативна система" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дисипативна система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ブルガリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estructura_dissipativa" title="カタロニア語: Estructura dissipativa" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estructura dissipativa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="カタロニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disipa%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_syst%C3%A9m" title="チェコ語: Disipační systém" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Disipační systém" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="チェコ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissipative_Struktur" title="ドイツ語: Dissipative Struktur" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dissipative Struktur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ドイツ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissipative_system" title="英語: Dissipative system" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Dissipative system" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estructura_disipativa" title="スペイン語: Estructura disipativa" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estructura disipativa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="スペイン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajuv_struktuur" title="エストニア語: Hajuv struktuur" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hajuv struktuur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="エストニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissipatiivinen_systeemi" title="フィンランド語: Dissipatiivinen systeemi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dissipatiivinen systeemi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="フィンランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_dissipatif" title="フランス語: Système dissipatif" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système dissipatif" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="フランス語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="ヘブライ語: מערכת דיסיפטיבית" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערכת דיסיפטיבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ヘブライ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disipativni_sustavi" title="クロアチア語: Disipativni sustavi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Disipativni sustavi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="クロアチア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BE_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="アルメニア語: Դիսիպատիվ համակարգ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դիսիպատիվ համակարգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="アルメニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_disipatif" title="インドネシア語: Sistem disipatif" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem disipatif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="インドネシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struttura_dissipativa" title="イタリア語: Struttura dissipativa" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Struttura dissipativa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="イタリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83" title="キルギス語: Диссипация тутуму" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Диссипация тутуму" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="キルギス語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disipatyvioji_sistema" title="リトアニア語: Disipatyvioji sistema" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Disipatyvioji sistema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="リトアニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissipatief_systeem" title="オランダ語: Dissipatief systeem" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dissipatief systeem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="オランダ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissipativt_system" title="ノルウェー語(ブークモール): Dissipativt system" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dissipativt system" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ノルウェー語(ブークモール)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struktury_dyssypatywne" title="ポーランド語: Struktury dyssypatywne" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Struktury dyssypatywne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ポーランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_dissipativo" title="ポルトガル語: Sistema dissipativo" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema dissipativo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ポルトガル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="ロシア語: Диссипативная система" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Диссипативная система" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ロシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disipativni_sustav" title="セルボ・クロアチア語: Disipativni sustav" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Disipativni sustav" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="セルボ・クロアチア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disipat%C3%ADvna_%C5%A1trukt%C3%BAra" title="スロバキア語: Disipatívna štruktúra" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Disipatívna štruktúra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="スロバキア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disipativni_sistem" title="セルビア語: Disipativni sistem" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Disipativni sistem" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="セルビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%C4%9F%C4%B1t%C4%B1c%C4%B1_sistem" title="トルコ語: Dağıtıcı sistem" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dağıtıcı sistem" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="トルコ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="ウクライナ語: Дисипативна система" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дисипативна система" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ウクライナ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissipativ_sistemalar" title="ウズベク語: Dissipativ sistemalar" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dissipativ sistemalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ウズベク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%97%E6%95%A3%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="呉語: 耗散系统" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="耗散系统" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="呉語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%97%E6%95%A3%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="中国語: 耗散系統" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="耗散系統" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中国語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%97%E6%95%A3%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="漢文: 耗散系統" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="耗散系統" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="漢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%97%E6%95%A3%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="広東語: 耗散系統" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="耗散系統" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="広東語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q596577#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="言語間リンクを編集" class="wbc-editpage">リンクを編集</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="名前空間"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E9%80%B8%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0" title="本文を閲覧 [c]" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">表示</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">非表示</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ja" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:ConvectionCells.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/ConvectionCells.svg/300px-ConvectionCells.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/ConvectionCells.svg/450px-ConvectionCells.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/ConvectionCells.svg/600px-ConvectionCells.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E5%A0%B4" title="重力場">重力場</a>におけるベナール・セル</figcaption></figure> <p><b>散逸構造</b>（さんいつこうぞう、dissipative structure）とは、熱力学的に<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1" title="熱力学的平衡">平衡</a>でない状態にある開放系構造を指す。すなわち、エネルギーが<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E9%80%B8" title="散逸">散逸</a>していく流れの中に<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%8C%96" title="自己組織化">自己組織化</a>のもとが発生する、定常的な構造である。<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B4%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3" title="イリヤ・プリゴジン">イリヤ・プリゴジン</a>が提唱し、ノーベル賞を受賞した。<b>定常開放系</b>、<b>非平衡開放系</b>とも言う。 </p><p>散逸構造は、岩石のようにそれ自体で安定した自らの構造を保っているような構造とは異なり、例えば潮という運動エネルギーが流れ込むことによって生じる内海の渦潮のように、一定の入力のあるときにだけその構造が維持され続けるようなものを指す。 </p><p>味噌汁が冷えていくときや、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD" title="太陽">太陽</a>の表面で起こっている<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E5%AF%BE%E6%B5%81" class="mw-redirect" title="ベナール対流">ベナール対流</a>の中に生成される<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%8C%96" title="自己組織化">自己組織化</a>されたパターンを持った<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB" title="ベナール・セル">ベナール・セル</a>の模様なども、散逸構造の一例である。また<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%82%BA%E3%83%9E" title="プラズマ">プラズマ</a>の中に自然に生まれる構造や、宇宙の大規模構造に見られる<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%A9%BA%E6%B4%9E" title="超空洞">超空洞</a>が連鎖したパンケーキ状の空洞のパターンも、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E9%80%B8%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90" class="mw-redirect" title="散逸構造生成">散逸構造生成</a>の結果である<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>散逸構造系は開放系であるため、<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC" title="エントロピー">エントロピー</a>は一定範囲に保たれ、系の内部と外部の間で<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC" title="エネルギー">エネルギー</a>のやり取りもある。<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命">生命</a>現象は定常開放系として<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0" title="システム">システム</a>が理解可能であり、注目されている。 </p><p>従来の<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="熱力学">熱力学</a>は主に平衡熱力学を扱うものが中心であったが、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E5%B8%B8%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="定常熱力学">定常熱力学</a>が新たに注目を集めている。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="社会学・経済学"><span id=".E7.A4.BE.E4.BC.9A.E5.AD.A6.E3.83.BB.E7.B5.8C.E6.B8.88.E5.AD.A6"></span>社会学・経済学</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%A3%E9%80%B8%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0&action=edit&section=1" title="節を編集: 社会学・経済学"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>また、社会学・経済学においても、新しいシステムとして研究されている。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8A%E7%94%B0%E9%AB%98%E4%BF%8A" title="今田高俊">今田高俊</a>は、散逸構造などが揺らぎを通して自己組織化することに注目している<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%A9%E6%B2%A2%E7%94%B1%E5%85%B8" title="塩沢由典">塩沢由典</a>は、経済は均衡系（平衡系と同義の経済学用語）ではなく、散逸構造とみなすべきであると主張している<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="脚注"><span id=".E8.84.9A.E6.B3.A8"></span>脚注</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%A3%E9%80%B8%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0&action=edit&section=2" title="節を編集: 脚注"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">二コリス&プリゴジーヌ『散逸構造-自己秩序形成の物理学的基礎』小畠陽之助訳、岩波書店、1980年。<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99/9784000053969" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9784000053969</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">今田高俊『自己組織性-社会理論の復活』創文社、1986年。<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99/9784423800256" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9784423800256</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">塩沢由典『複雑さの帰結-複雑系経済学試論』NTT出版、1997年、271-273頁。<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99/9784871885171" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9784871885171</a>。塩沢由典「進化経済学の可能性」塩沢由典・有賀裕二編『経済学を再建する』中央大学出版、2014年、第2章。ISBN-13: 978-4805732335。Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko 2015 New Urban Mangement / Attracting Value Flows to Branded Hubs, Palgrave Macmillan. p.17. </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="関連項目"><span id=".E9.96.A2.E9.80.A3.E9.A0.85.E7.9B.AE"></span>関連項目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%A3%E9%80%B8%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0&action=edit&section=3" title="節を編集: 関連項目"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%B7%9A%E5%BD%A2%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="非線形科学">非線形科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E9%80%B8" title="散逸">散逸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC" title="ネゲントロピー">ネゲントロピー</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E8%88%B9" title="テセウスの船">テセウスの船</a></li> <li><a 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