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nomination</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Republican_Party_nomination-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Republican Party nomination subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Republican_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_major_candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_major_candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Other major candidates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_major_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Primaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republican_Convention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republican_Convention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Republican Convention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republican_Convention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Democratic_Party_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democratic_Party_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Democratic Party nomination</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Democratic_Party_nomination-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Democratic Party nomination subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Democratic_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_major_candidates_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_major_candidates_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Other major candidates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_major_candidates_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enter_Eugene_McCarthy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enter_Eugene_McCarthy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Enter Eugene McCarthy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enter_Eugene_McCarthy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Johnson_withdraws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Johnson_withdraws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Johnson withdraws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Johnson_withdraws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Contest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Democratic_Convention_and_antiwar_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democratic_Convention_and_antiwar_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Democratic Convention and antiwar protests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democratic_Convention_and_antiwar_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endorsements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endorsements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Endorsements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endorsements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_Independent_Party_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Independent_Party_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>American Independent Party nomination</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-American_Independent_Party_nomination-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle American Independent Party nomination subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-American_Independent_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_parties_and_candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_parties_and_candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Other parties and candidates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_parties_and_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>General election</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-General_election-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle General election subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-General_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Polling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Polling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign_strategies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign_strategies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Campaign strategies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign_strategies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign_themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign_themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Campaign themes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign_themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Humphrey's_comeback_and_the_October_surprise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humphrey's_comeback_and_the_October_surprise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Humphrey's comeback and the October surprise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Humphrey's_comeback_and_the_October_surprise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possible_sabotage_of_peace_talks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possible_sabotage_of_peace_talks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Possible sabotage of peace talks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possible_sabotage_of_peace_talks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Results_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_of_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_of_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Geography of results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography_of_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cartographic_gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cartographic_gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Cartographic gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cartographic_gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results_by_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results_by_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Results by state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results_by_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_Republican" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_Republican"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>States that flipped from Democratic to Republican</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_Republican-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Republican_to_American_Independent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_that_flipped_from_Republican_to_American_Independent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2</span> <span>States that flipped from Republican to American Independent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Republican_to_American_Independent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_American_Independent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_American_Independent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.3</span> <span>States that flipped from Democratic to American Independent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_American_Independent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Close_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Close_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Close states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Close_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.1</span> <span>Statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_voter_demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_voter_demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>National voter demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-National_voter_demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle National voter demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-National_voter_demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voter_demographics_in_the_South" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voter_demographics_in_the_South"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Voter demographics in the South</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voter_demographics_in_the_South-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estimated_voting_age_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estimated_voting_age_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Estimated voting age population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estimated_voting_age_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1968 United States presidential election</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" 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Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_1968" title="انتخابات الرئاسة الأمريكية 1968 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انتخابات الرئاسة الأمريكية 1968" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleccions_presidencials_dels_Estats_Units_de_1968" title="Eleccions presidencials dels Estats Units de 1968 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eleccions presidencials dels Estats Units de 1968" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A6sidentvalget_i_USA_1968" title="Præsidentvalget i USA 1968 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Præsidentvalget i USA 1968" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4sidentschaftswahl_in_den_Vereinigten_Staaten_1968" title="Präsidentschaftswahl in den Vereinigten Staaten 1968 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Präsidentschaftswahl in den Vereinigten Staaten 1968" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elecciones_presidenciales_de_Estados_Unidos_de_1968" title="Elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 1968 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 1968" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_(%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B6%DB%B8)" title="انتخابات ریاست‌جمهوری ایالات متحده آمریکا (۱۹۶۸) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انتخابات ریاست‌جمهوری ایالات متحده آمریکا (۱۹۶۸)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_am%C3%A9ricaine_de_1968" title="Élection présidentielle américaine de 1968 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élection présidentielle américaine de 1968" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968%EB%85%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9_%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0" title="1968년 미국 대통령 선거 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1968년 미국 대통령 선거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsjedni%C4%8Dki_izbori_u_Sjedinjenim_Ameri%C4%8Dkim_Dr%C5%BEavama_1968." title="Predsjednički izbori u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama 1968. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Predsjednički izbori u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama 1968." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemilihan_umum_Presiden_Amerika_Serikat_1968" title="Pemilihan umum Presiden Amerika Serikat 1968 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemilihan umum Presiden Amerika Serikat 1968" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forsetakosningar_%C3%AD_Bandar%C3%ADkjunum_1968" title="Forsetakosningar í Bandaríkjunum 1968 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Forsetakosningar í Bandaríkjunum 1968" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elezioni_presidenziali_negli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America_del_1968" title="Elezioni presidenziali negli Stati Uniti d'America del 1968 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elezioni presidenziali negli Stati Uniti d'America del 1968" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_1968" title="הבחירות לנשיאות ארצות הברית 1968 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבחירות לנשיאות ארצות הברית 1968" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchaguzi_wa_Rais_wa_Marekani,_1968" title="Uchaguzi wa Rais wa Marekani, 1968 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uchaguzi wa Rais wa Marekani, 1968" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968._gada_ASV_prezidenta_v%C4%93l%C4%93%C5%A1anas" title="1968. gada ASV prezidenta vēlēšanas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1968. gada ASV prezidenta vēlēšanas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_met%C5%B3_JAV_prezidento_rinkimai" title="1968 metų JAV prezidento rinkimai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1968 metų JAV prezidento rinkimai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968-as_amerikai_eln%C3%B6kv%C3%A1laszt%C3%A1s" title="1968-as amerikai elnökválasztás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1968-as amerikai elnökválasztás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaanse_presidentsverkiezingen_1968" title="Amerikaanse presidentsverkiezingen 1968 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amerikaanse presidentsverkiezingen 1968" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E9%A0%98%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99" title="1968年アメリカ合衆国大統領選挙 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1968年アメリカ合衆国大統領選挙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentvalget_i_USA_1968" title="Presidentvalget i USA 1968 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Presidentvalget i USA 1968" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wybory_prezydenckie_w_Stanach_Zjednoczonych_w_1968_roku" title="Wybory prezydenckie w Stanach Zjednoczonych w 1968 roku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wybory prezydenckie w Stanach Zjednoczonych w 1968 roku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_presidencial_nos_Estados_Unidos_em_1968" title="Eleição presidencial nos Estados Unidos em 1968 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eleição presidencial nos Estados Unidos em 1968" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_(1968)" title="Президентские выборы в США (1968) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Президентские выборы в США (1968)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="1968 එක්සත් ජනපද ජනාධිපතිවරණය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1968 එක්සත් ජනපද ජනාධිපතිවරණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1968 United States presidential election" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A8%DA%98%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_(%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A6%D9%A8)" title="ھەڵبژاردنی سەرۆکایەتیی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا (١٩٦٨) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەڵبژاردنی سەرۆکایەتیی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا (١٩٦٨)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94_1968." title="Председнички избори у САД 1968. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Председнички избори у САД 1968." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_presidentinvaalit_1968" title="Yhdysvaltain presidentinvaalit 1968 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain presidentinvaalit 1968" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentvalet_i_USA_1968" title="Presidentvalet i USA 1968 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Presidentvalet i USA 1968" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1k_se%C3%A7imleri" title="1968 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri başkanlık seçimleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1968 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri başkanlık seçimleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_1968" title="Президентські вибори у США 1968 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Президентські вибори у США 1968" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A7u_c%E1%BB%AD_t%E1%BB%95ng_th%E1%BB%91ng_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3_1968" title="Bầu cử tổng thống Hoa Kỳ 1968 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bầu cử tổng thống Hoa Kỳ 1968" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE" title="1968年美国总统选举 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1968年美国总统选举" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent" style="width:350px"><caption class="infobox-title summary">1968 United States presidential election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>November 5, 1968</b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr />538 members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a><br />270 electoral votes needed to win</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 1968 United States presidential election">Opinion polls</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Turnout</th><td class="infobox-data">62.5%<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.3 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #E81B23;"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nixon_30-0316a_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Nixon_30-0316a_%28cropped%29.jpg/112px-Nixon_30-0316a_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Nixon_30-0316a_%28cropped%29.jpg/169px-Nixon_30-0316a_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Nixon_30-0316a_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Nixon_30-0316a_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="1258" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #3333FF;"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hubert_Humphrey_in_New_York,_1968_(3x4_crop1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Hubert_Humphrey_in_New_York%2C_1968_%283x4_crop1%29.jpg/112px-Hubert_Humphrey_in_New_York%2C_1968_%283x4_crop1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Hubert_Humphrey_in_New_York%2C_1968_%283x4_crop1%29.jpg/169px-Hubert_Humphrey_in_New_York%2C_1968_%283x4_crop1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Hubert_Humphrey_in_New_York%2C_1968_%283x4_crop1%29.jpg/225px-Hubert_Humphrey_in_New_York%2C_1968_%283x4_crop1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="524" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #FF7F00"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Wallace_(D-AL)_(3x4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/George_Wallace_%28D-AL%29_%283x4%29.jpg/112px-George_Wallace_%28D-AL%29_%283x4%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/George_Wallace_%28D-AL%29_%283x4%29.jpg/169px-George_Wallace_%28D-AL%29_%283x4%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/George_Wallace_%28D-AL%29_%283x4%29.jpg/225px-George_Wallace_%28D-AL%29_%283x4%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="970" data-file-height="1293" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Nominee </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Home state </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a><sup id="cite_ref-California_1960_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-California_1960-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Running mate </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a></b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Curtis_LeMay" title="Curtis LeMay">Curtis LeMay</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Electoral vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>301</b><sup id="cite_ref-pledged_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pledged-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">191 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">46<sup id="cite_ref-pledged_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pledged-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">States carried </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>32</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">13 + <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">DC</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">5 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>31,783,783</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">31,271,839 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">9,901,118 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><span data-sort-value="7001434204697655866♠" style="display:none"></span>43.4%</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span data-sort-value="7001427210926972976♠" style="display:none"></span>42.7% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span data-sort-value="7001135261178559048♠" style="display:none"></span>13.5% </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><figure class="mw-halign-center noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/ElectoralCollege1968.svg/348px-ElectoralCollege1968.svg.png" decoding="async" width="348" height="202" class="mw-file-element" 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alt="1968 United States presidential election in Alaska" title="1968 United States presidential election in Alaska" /><area href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_the_District_of_Columbia" shape="rect" coords="295,104,316,111" alt="1968 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia" title="1968 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia" /><area href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" shape="rect" coords="301,98,331,104" alt="1968 United States presidential election in Maryland" title="1968 United States presidential election in Maryland" /><area href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" shape="rect" coords="304,90,324,97" alt="1968 United States presidential election in Delaware" title="1968 United States presidential election in Delaware" /><area href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" shape="rect" coords="307,83,331,89" alt="1968 United States presidential election in New Jersey" title="1968 United States presidential election in New Jersey" /><area href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" shape="rect" coords="313,72,333,78" alt="1968 United States presidential election in Connecticut" title="1968 United States presidential election in Connecticut" /><area href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island" shape="rect" coords="316,62,334,68" alt="1968 United States presidential election in Rhode Island" title="1968 United States presidential election in Rhode Island" /><area href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" shape="rect" coords="316,50,345,56" alt="1968 United States presidential election in Massachusetts" title="1968 United States presidential election in Massachusetts" /><area href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont" shape="rect" coords="269,21,290,28" alt="1968 United States presidential election in Vermont" title="1968 United States presidential election in Vermont" /><area href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" shape="rect" coords="273,14,296,20" alt="1968 United States presidential election in New Hampshire" title="1968 United States presidential election in New Hampshire" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div>Presidential election results map. <span style="color:red;">Red</span> denotes states won by Nixon/Agnew, <span style="color:blue;">blue</span> denotes those won by Humphrey/Muskie, and <span style="color:orange;">orange</span> denotes those won by Wallace/LeMay, including a <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_W._Bailey" title="Lloyd W. Bailey">North Carolina faithless elector</a>. Numbers indicate <a href="/wiki/Electoral_votes" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral votes">electoral votes</a> cast by each state.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b>President before election</b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><b>Elected President</b> <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">Presidential elections</a> were held in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> on November 5, 1968. <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee, former <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">vice president</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>, defeated both the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee, incumbent vice president <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a> nominee, former <a href="/wiki/Alabama_governor" class="mw-redirect" title="Alabama governor">Alabama governor</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a>. </p><p>Incumbent president <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> had been the early frontrunner for the Democratic Party's nomination, but <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson_from_the_1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Lyndon B. Johnson from the 1968 United States presidential election">he withdrew from the race</a> after only narrowly winning the <a href="/wiki/1968_New_Hampshire_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="1968 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary">New Hampshire primary</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> and Humphrey emerged as the three major candidates in <a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">the Democratic primaries</a> until Kennedy <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy">was assassinated</a>. His death after midnight on June 6, 1968, continued a streak of high-profile assassinations in the <a href="/wiki/1960s_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="1960s in the United States">1960s</a>. Humphrey edged out anti-Vietnam war candidate McCarthy to win the Democratic nomination, sparking numerous anti-war protests. Nixon entered the <a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican primaries</a> as the front-runner, defeating liberal New York governor <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a>, conservative governor of California <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, and other candidates to win his party's nomination. Alabama's Democratic former governor, <a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a>, ran on the <a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a> ticket, campaigning in favor of <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Racial segregation in the United States">racial segregation</a> on the basis of "<a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">states' rights</a>". The election year was tumultuous and chaotic. It was marked by the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.">assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.</a> in early April, and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/King_assassination_riots" title="King assassination riots">54 days of riots</a> across the nation, by the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy">assassination of Robert F. Kennedy</a> in early June, and by widespread <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">opposition to the Vietnam War</a> across university campuses. Vice President Hubert Humphrey won and secured the Democratic nomination, with Humphrey promising to continue Johnson's <a href="/wiki/War_on_poverty" title="War on poverty">war on poverty</a> and to support the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a>. </p><p>The support of civil rights by the Johnson administration hurt Humphrey's image in the South, leading the prominent Democratic governor of Alabama, George Wallace, to mount a third-party challenge to defend racial segregation on the basis of "states' rights". Wallace led his <a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a> attracting socially conservative voters throughout the South, and encroaching further support from white working-class voters in the Industrial North and Midwest who were attracted to Wallace's economic populism and anti-establishment rhetoric. In doing so, Wallace split the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="New Deal Coalition">New Deal Coalition</a>, winning over <a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrats" title="Southern Democrats">Southern Democrats</a>, as well as former <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a> supporters who preferred Wallace to Nixon. Nixon chose to take advantage of Democratic infighting by running a more centrist platform aimed at attracting moderate voters as part of his "<a href="/wiki/Silent_majority" title="Silent majority">silent majority</a>" who were alienated by both the liberal agenda that was advocated by Hubert Humphrey and by the ultra-conservative viewpoints of George Wallace on race and civil rights. However, Nixon also employed coded language to combat Wallace in the Upper South, where the electorate was less extreme on the segregation issue. Nixon sought to restore <a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">law and order</a> to the nation's cities and provide new leadership in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. </p><p>During most of the campaign, Humphrey trailed Nixon significantly in polls taken from late August to early October, with some polls predicting a margin of victory of as high as 16% as late as August. In the final month of the campaign, however, Humphrey managed to narrow Nixon's lead after Wallace's candidacy collapsed and Johnson suspended bombing in the Vietnam War to appease the anti-war movement; the election was considered a tossup by election day. Nixon managed to secure a close victory in the popular vote on election day, with just over 500,000 votes (0.7%) separating him and Humphrey. In the electoral college, however, Nixon's victory was much larger; he carried the tipping point state of <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="1968 United States presidential election in Ohio">Ohio</a> by over 90,000 votes (2.3%), and his overall margin of victory in the electoral college was 110 votes. This election was the first presidential election after the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a>, which began restoring voting rights to Black Americans in the South, where most had been disenfranchised since the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nixon also became the first non-incumbent vice president to be elected president, something that would not happen again until <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> was elected president.<sup id="cite_ref-Azari_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Azari-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the last election until <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">2024</a> in which the incumbent president was eligible to run again, but was not the eventual nominee of their party. Humphrey was the last nominee who did not participate in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">primaries</a> as a presidential candidate until <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a>, also in <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">2024</a>. </p><p>Additionally, this was the last election until <a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988</a> in which the incumbent president was not on the ballot, and one of only two elections held since the Democrats and Republicans became the two major parties in U.S. politics where a presidential candidate from either party lost despite carrying two of the three <a href="/wiki/Rust_Belt" title="Rust Belt">Rust Belt</a> states of <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan" title="1968 United States presidential election in Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1968 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1968 United States presidential election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>; the other election was <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2024, this is the most recent election where a third-party candidate won a state's popular vote (and electoral votes), and the last time a winning candidate lost the home state of his running mate. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lyndon_B._Johnson_addresses_the_Nation_March_31,_1968_-_LBJ_Museum_C9284-35_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Lyndon_B._Johnson_addresses_the_Nation_March_31%2C_1968_-_LBJ_Museum_C9284-35_%28cropped%29.jpg/148px-Lyndon_B._Johnson_addresses_the_Nation_March_31%2C_1968_-_LBJ_Museum_C9284-35_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Lyndon_B._Johnson_addresses_the_Nation_March_31%2C_1968_-_LBJ_Museum_C9284-35_%28cropped%29.jpg/222px-Lyndon_B._Johnson_addresses_the_Nation_March_31%2C_1968_-_LBJ_Museum_C9284-35_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Lyndon_B._Johnson_addresses_the_Nation_March_31%2C_1968_-_LBJ_Museum_C9284-35_%28cropped%29.jpg/296px-Lyndon_B._Johnson_addresses_the_Nation_March_31%2C_1968_-_LBJ_Museum_C9284-35_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1783" data-file-height="2376" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">incumbent</a> in 1968, Lyndon B. Johnson. His second term expired at noon on January 20, 1969.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">election of 1964</a>, incumbent <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. president</a> <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> won the largest popular vote landslide in <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">U.S. presidential election</a> history over <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a>. During the presidential term that followed, Johnson was able to achieve many political successes, including passage of his <a href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a> domestic programs (including "War on Poverty" legislation), landmark <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> legislation, and the continued exploration of space. Despite these significant achievements, Johnson's popular support would be short-lived. Even as Johnson scored legislative victories, the country endured large-scale race riots in the streets of its larger cities, along with a generational revolt of young people and violent debates over foreign policy. The emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippie</a> <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counter-culture</a>, the rise of <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> activism, and the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Power">Black Power</a> movement exacerbated social and cultural clashes between classes, generations, and races. Adding to the national crisis, on April 4, 1968, <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights leader</a> Rev. <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a>, was <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.">assassinated</a> in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>, igniting riots of grief and anger across the country. In <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, rioting took place within a few blocks of the White House, and the government stationed soldiers with machine guns on the Capitol steps to protect it.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> was the primary reason for the precipitous decline of President Johnson's popularity. He had escalated U.S. commitment so by late 1967 over 500,000 American soldiers were fighting in Vietnam. Draftees made up 42 percent of the military in Vietnam, but suffered 58% of the casualties, as nearly 1000 Americans a month were killed, and many more were injured.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Resistance to the war rose as success seemed ever out of reach. The national <a href="/wiki/News_media" title="News media">news media</a> began to focus on the high costs and ambiguous results of escalation, despite Johnson's repeated efforts to downplay the seriousness of the situation. </p><p>In early January 1968, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a> said the war would be winding down, claiming that the North Vietnamese were losing their will to fight. But, shortly thereafter, the North Vietnamese launched the <a href="/wiki/Tet_Offensive" title="Tet Offensive">Tet Offensive</a>, in which they and Communist forces of <a href="/wiki/Vietcong" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietcong">Vietcong</a> undertook simultaneous attacks on all government strongholds across South Vietnam. Though the uprising ended in a U.S. military victory, the scale of the Tet offensive led many Americans to question whether the war could be "won", or was worth the costs to the U.S. In addition, voters began to mistrust the government's assessment and reporting of the war effort. The Pentagon called for sending several hundred thousand more soldiers to Vietnam, while Johnson's approval ratings fell below 35%. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a> refused to let the president visit American colleges and universities, and prevented him from appearing at the <a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention_protest_activity" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 Democratic National Convention protest activity">1968 Democratic National Convention</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, because it could not guarantee his safety.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Republican_Party_nomination">Republican Party nomination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Republican Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Republican Party presidential primaries">1968 Republican Party presidential primaries</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><table class="sidebar nomobile sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: #d69d36"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color: #002466;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Nixon_presidential_portrait_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Richard_Nixon_presidential_portrait_%281%29.jpg/75px-Richard_Nixon_presidential_portrait_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Richard_Nixon_presidential_portrait_%281%29.jpg/113px-Richard_Nixon_presidential_portrait_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Richard_Nixon_presidential_portrait_%281%29.jpg/150px-Richard_Nixon_presidential_portrait_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2205" data-file-height="2939" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color: #002466;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Richard Nixon</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birthplace_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Birthplace of Richard Nixon">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Electoral history of Richard Nixon">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Cultural depictions of Richard Nixon">Depictions</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Pre-vice presidency</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon#U.S._House_of_Representatives_(1947–1950)" title="Richard Nixon">House of Representatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_California%27s_12th_congressional_district_election" title="1946 California's 12th congressional district election">1946 election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon#U.S._Senate_(1950–1953)" title="Richard Nixon">Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="1950 United States Senate election in California">1950 election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkers_speech" title="Checkers speech">Checkers speech</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">36th Vice President of the United States</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="First inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower">1st inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Second inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower">2nd inauguration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Richard_Nixon%27s_motorcade" title="Attack on Richard Nixon's motorcade">Motorcade attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Debate" title="Kitchen Debate">Kitchen Debate</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Post-vice presidency</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1962_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1962 California gubernatorial election">1962 California gubernatorial bid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_November_1962_press_conference" title="Richard Nixon's November 1962 press conference">"Last press conference"</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">37th President of the United States</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidency of Richard Nixon">Presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Richard_Nixon_presidency" title="Timeline of the Richard Nixon presidency">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidential transition of Richard Nixon">Transition</a></li> <li>Inaugurations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Richard_Nixon" title="First inauguration of Richard Nixon">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Second inauguration of Richard Nixon">second</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Judicial appointments</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Richard_Nixon" title="List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon">Appointed federal judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Richard Nixon Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Richard Nixon judicial appointment controversies">Appointment controversies</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Policies</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nixonomics" title="Nixonomics">Economic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_shock" title="Nixon shock">Nixon shock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Richard_Nixon_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Richard Nixon administration">Foreign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon#List_of_international_trips" title="Presidency of Richard Nixon">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine" title="Nixon Doctrine">Nixon Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamization" title="Vietnamization">Vietnamization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Environmental_Policy_Act" title="National Environmental Policy Act">Environmental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">Clean Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_Parks" title="Legacy of Parks">Legacy of Parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Richard_Nixon_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Richard Nixon administration">Cannabis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_on_drugs" title="War on drugs">war on drugs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_policy_of_the_Richard_Nixon_administration" title="Native American policy of the Richard Nixon administration">Native American</a></li></ul></div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">First term</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States#End_of_conscription" title="Conscription in the United States">End of the draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">Visit to China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ballistic_Missile_Treaty" title="Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty">Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_cancer" title="War on cancer">War on cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Philadelphia_Plan" title="Revised Philadelphia Plan">Philadelphia Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_Business_Development_Agency" title="Minority Business Development Agency">Minority Business Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">OSHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Second term</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Accords" title="Paris Peace Accords">Paris Peace Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decent_interval" title="Decent interval">decent interval</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Nickel_Grass" title="Operation Nickel Grass">airlift</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Middle_East_peace_proposals" title="List of Middle East peace proposals">Mideast Peace Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Mammal_Protection_Act" title="Marine Mammal Protection Act">Marine Mammal Protection Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act_of_1973" title="Endangered Species Act of 1973">Endangered Species Act</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_process_against_Richard_Nixon" title="Impeachment process against Richard Nixon">Impeachment process</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate scandal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Watergate_scandal" title="Timeline of the Watergate scandal">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_White_House_tapes" title="Nixon White House tapes">Tapes</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Nixon" title="United States v. Nixon">United States v. Nixon</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_resignation_speech" title="Richard Nixon's resignation speech">Resignation speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardon_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Pardon of Richard Nixon">Pardon</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Post-presidency</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_interviews" title="Nixon interviews">Nixon interviews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Foundation" title="Richard Nixon Foundation">Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum">Presidential Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_National_Interest" title="Center for the National Interest">Center for the National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Bibliography of Richard Nixon">Bibliography</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Six_Crises" title="Six Crises">Six Crises</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Death and state funeral of Richard Nixon">Death and state funeral</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Presidential campaigns</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1960_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1960 presidential campaign">1960</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_National_Convention" title="1960 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1960 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1968 presidential campaign">1968</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bring_Us_Together" title="Bring Us Together">Bring Us Together</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1972_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1972 presidential campaign">1972</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_National_Convention" title="1972 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Vice presidential campaigns</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li>1952 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="1952 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention" title="1952 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li> <li>1956 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention" title="1956 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="skin-invert-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon's signature"><img alt="Richard Nixon's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Richard_Nixon_Signature.svg/150px-Richard_Nixon_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Richard_Nixon_Signature.svg/225px-Richard_Nixon_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Richard_Nixon_Signature.svg/300px-Richard_Nixon_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="109" /></a></span></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Seal of the President of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/70px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/105px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/140px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Richard_Nixon_series" title="Template:Richard Nixon series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Richard_Nixon_series" title="Template talk:Richard Nixon series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Richard_Nixon_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Richard Nixon series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)"><img alt="Republican Party (United States)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Republican_Disc.svg/65px-Republican_Disc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Republican_Disc.svg/98px-Republican_Disc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Republican_Disc.svg/130px-Republican_Disc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="227" /></a><figcaption>Republican Party (United States)</figcaption></figure><big> <b>1968 Republican Party ticket</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Richard Nixon</span></a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Spiro Agnew</span></a> </th></tr> <tr style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#ffd0d7;"> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nixon_30-0316a_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Nixon_30-0316a_%28cropped%29.jpg/165px-Nixon_30-0316a_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Nixon_30-0316a_%28cropped%29.jpg/248px-Nixon_30-0316a_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Nixon_30-0316a_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Nixon_30-0316a_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="1258" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spiro_Agnew.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Spiro_Agnew.jpg/171px-Spiro_Agnew.jpg" decoding="async" width="171" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Spiro_Agnew.jpg/257px-Spiro_Agnew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Spiro_Agnew.jpg/343px-Spiro_Agnew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="1878" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">36th</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a><br /><small>(1953–1961)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Maryland" title="List of governors of Maryland">55th</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Maryland" title="Governor of Maryland">Governor of Maryland</a><br /><small>(1967–1969)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1968 presidential campaign"><b>Campaign</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nixon_Agnew_1968_campaign_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Nixon_Agnew_1968_campaign_logo.svg/200px-Nixon_Agnew_1968_campaign_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Nixon_Agnew_1968_campaign_logo.svg/300px-Nixon_Agnew_1968_campaign_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Nixon_Agnew_1968_campaign_logo.svg/400px-Nixon_Agnew_1968_campaign_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="204" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_major_candidates">Other major candidates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other major candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following candidates were frequently interviewed by major broadcast networks, were listed in publicly published national polls, or ran a campaign that extended beyond their flying home delegation in the case of <a href="/wiki/Favorite_son" title="Favorite son">favorite sons</a>. </p><p>Nixon received <b>1,679,443 votes</b> in the primaries. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center; width:1000px; font-size:120%; color:white; background:#E81B23;"><i>Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the nomination race</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Romney" title="George W. Romney">George W. Romney</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ronald-Reagan-governor-California.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ronald-Reagan-governor-California.jpg/93px-Ronald-Reagan-governor-California.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ronald-Reagan-governor-California.jpg/140px-Ronald-Reagan-governor-California.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ronald-Reagan-governor-California.jpg/187px-Ronald-Reagan-governor-California.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1246" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nelson_Rockefeller_Philadelphia_1968_Service-pnp-gtfy-03400-03415v_(cropped2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Nelson_Rockefeller_Philadelphia_1968_Service-pnp-gtfy-03400-03415v_%28cropped2%29.jpg/90px-Nelson_Rockefeller_Philadelphia_1968_Service-pnp-gtfy-03400-03415v_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Nelson_Rockefeller_Philadelphia_1968_Service-pnp-gtfy-03400-03415v_%28cropped2%29.jpg/135px-Nelson_Rockefeller_Philadelphia_1968_Service-pnp-gtfy-03400-03415v_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Nelson_Rockefeller_Philadelphia_1968_Service-pnp-gtfy-03400-03415v_%28cropped2%29.jpg/181px-Nelson_Rockefeller_Philadelphia_1968_Service-pnp-gtfy-03400-03415v_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="689" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gov._Harold_E._Stassen_LCCN2016877429_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gov._Harold_E._Stassen_LCCN2016877429_%28cropped%29.jpg/103px-Gov._Harold_E._Stassen_LCCN2016877429_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gov._Harold_E._Stassen_LCCN2016877429_%28cropped%29.jpg/155px-Gov._Harold_E._Stassen_LCCN2016877429_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gov._Harold_E._Stassen_LCCN2016877429_%28cropped%29.jpg/207px-Gov._Harold_E._Stassen_LCCN2016877429_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7595" data-file-height="8819" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_W._Romney_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/George_W._Romney_official_portrait.jpg/87px-George_W._Romney_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/George_W._Romney_official_portrait.jpg/131px-George_W._Romney_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/George_W._Romney_official_portrait.jpg/174px-George_W._Romney_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1659" data-file-height="2285" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>Governor of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a><br /><small>(1967–1975)</small> </td> <td>Governor of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a><br /><small>(1959–1973)</small> </td> <td>Former president of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a><br /><small>(1948–1953)</small> </td> <td>Governor of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a><br /><small>(1963–1969)</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan#California_governorship_(1967–1975)" title="Ronald Reagan">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller#Presidential_campaigns" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Campaign</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Romney_1968_presidential_campaign" title="George Romney 1968 presidential campaign">Campaign</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><i>Lost nomination: August 8, 1968</i><br /><small><b>1,696,632</b> votes</small> </td> <td><i>Lost nomination: August 8, 1968</i><br /><small><b>164,340</b> votes</small> </td> <td><i>Lost nomination: August 8, 1968</i><br /><small><b>31,665</b> votes</small> </td> <td><i>Withdrew: February 28, 1968</i><br /><small><b>4,447</b> votes</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primaries">Primaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Primaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NIXONcampaigns.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/NIXONcampaigns.jpg/250px-NIXONcampaigns.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/NIXONcampaigns.jpg/375px-NIXONcampaigns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/NIXONcampaigns.jpg/500px-NIXONcampaigns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2961" data-file-height="2052" /></a><figcaption>Richard Nixon campaign rally, July 1968</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Front-runner" title="Front-runner">front-runner</a> for the Republican nomination was former Vice President Richard Nixon, who formally began campaigning in January 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-N&O_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N&O-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nixon had worked behind the scenes and was instrumental in Republican gains in Congress and governorships in the 1966 midterm elections. Thus, the party machinery and many of the new congressmen and governors supported him. Still, there was caution in the Republican ranks over Nixon, who had lost the <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a> election to <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> and then lost the <a href="/wiki/1962_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1962 California gubernatorial election">1962 California gubernatorial election</a>. Some hoped a more "electable" candidate would emerge. The story of the 1968 Republican primary campaign and nomination may be seen as one Nixon opponent after another entering the race and then dropping out. Nixon was the front runner throughout the contest because of his superior organization, and he easily defeated the rest of the field. </p><p>Nixon's first challenger was Michigan Governor <a href="/wiki/George_W._Romney" title="George W. Romney">George W. Romney</a>. A Gallup poll in mid-1967 showed Nixon with 39%, followed by Romney with 25%. After a fact-finding trip to Vietnam, Romney told Detroit talk show host <a href="/wiki/Lou_Gordon_(journalist)" title="Lou Gordon (journalist)">Lou Gordon</a> that he had been "brainwashed" by the military and the diplomatic corps into supporting the Vietnam War; the remark led to weeks of ridicule in the national news media. Turning against American involvement in Vietnam, Romney planned to run as the anti-war Republican version of <a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But, following his "<a href="/wiki/Brainwashing" title="Brainwashing">brainwashing</a>" comment, Romney's support faded steadily; with polls showing him far behind Nixon, he withdrew from the race on February 28, 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Senator <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Percy" title="Charles H. Percy">Charles Percy</a> was considered another potential threat to Nixon, and had planned on waging an active campaign after securing a role as Illinois's favorite son. Later, however, Percy declined to have his name listed on the ballot for the Illinois presidential primary, as he no longer sought the presidential nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nixon won a resounding victory in the important New Hampshire primary on March 12, with 78% of the vote. Anti-war Republicans wrote in the name of New York governor <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a>, the de facto leader of the Republican Party's liberal wing, who received 11% of the vote and became Nixon's new challenger. Rockefeller had not originally intended to run, having discounted a campaign for the nomination in 1965, and planned to make <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacob_K._Javits" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob K. Javits">Jacob Javits</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Favorite_son" title="Favorite son">favorite son</a>, either in preparation of a presidential campaign or to secure him the second spot on the ticket. As Rockefeller warmed to the idea of entering the race, Javits shifted his effort to seeking a third term in the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nixon led Rockefeller in the polls throughout the primary campaign—though Rockefeller defeated Nixon and <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/John_A._Volpe" title="John A. Volpe">John Volpe</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> primary on April 30, he otherwise fared poorly in state primaries and conventions. He had declared too late to get his name placed on state primary ballots. </p><p>By early spring, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">California Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, a leader of the Republican Party's conservative wing, had become Nixon's chief rival. In the Nebraska primary on May 14, Nixon won with 70% of the vote to 21% for Reagan and 5% for Rockefeller. While this was a wide margin for Nixon, Reagan remained Nixon's leading challenger. Nixon won the next primary of importance, Oregon, on May 15 with 65% of the vote, and won all the following primaries except for California (June 4), where only Reagan appeared on the ballot. Reagan's victory in California gave him a plurality of the nationwide primary vote, but his poor showing in most other state primaries left him far behind Nixon in the delegate count. </p><p>Total popular vote:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>: 1,696,632 (37.93%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>: 1,679,443 (37.54%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Rhodes" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. Rhodes">James A. Rhodes</a>: 614,492 (13.74%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a>: 164,340 (3.67%)</li> <li>Unpledged: 140,639 (3.14%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a> (write-in): 44,520 (1.00%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a>: 31,655 (0.71%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Volpe" class="mw-redirect" title="John Volpe">John Volpe</a>: 31,465 (0.70%)</li> <li>Others: 21,456 (0.51%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a> (write-in): 15,291 (0.34%)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> (write-in): 14,524 (0.33%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a> (write-in): 5,698 (0.13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (write-in): 4,824 (0.11%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Romney" title="George W. Romney">George W. Romney</a>: 4,447 (0.10%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_P._Shafer" title="Raymond P. Shafer">Raymond P. Shafer</a>: 1,223 (0.03%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Scranton" title="William Scranton">William Scranton</a>: 724 (0.02%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Percy" title="Charles H. Percy">Charles H. Percy</a>: 689 (0.02%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a>: 598 (0.01%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">John Lindsay</a>: 591 (0.01%)</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republican_Convention">Republican Convention</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Republican Convention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">1968 Republican National Convention</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1968_Miami_riot" title="1968 Miami riot">1968 Miami riot</a></div> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">1968 Republican National Convention</a> opened on August 5 in <a href="/wiki/Miami_Beach,_Florida" title="Miami Beach, Florida">Miami Beach, Florida</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> estimated that Nixon had 656 delegate votes – 11 short of the number he needed to win the nomination. Reagan and Rockefeller were his only remaining opponents and they planned to unite their forces in a "stop-Nixon" movement. </p><p>Because Goldwater had done well in the <a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep South</a>, delegates to the <a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">1968 Republican National Convention</a> included more Southern conservatives than in past conventions. There seemed potential for the conservative Reagan to be nominated if no victor emerged on the first ballot. Nixon narrowly secured the nomination on the first ballot, with the aid of South Carolina Senator <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a>, who had switched parties in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerlstein2008_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerlstein2008-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2013)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He selected <a href="/wiki/Dark_horse" title="Dark horse">dark horse</a> Maryland Governor <a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a> as his running mate, a choice which Nixon believed would unite the party, appealing to both Northern moderates and Southerners disaffected with the Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nixon's first choice for running mate was reportedly his longtime friend and ally <a href="/wiki/Robert_Finch_(American_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Finch (American politician)">Robert Finch</a>, who was the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_California" title="Lieutenant Governor of California">Lieutenant Governor of California</a> at the time. Finch declined that offer, but later accepted an appointment as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health,_Education,_and_Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare">Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare</a> in Nixon's administration. With Vietnam a key issue, Nixon had strongly considered tapping his 1960 running mate, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.</a>, a former U.S. senator, ambassador to the UN, and ambassador twice to <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <caption>The Republican Convention Tally<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>President</th> <th>(before switches)</th> <th>(after switches)</th> <th>Vice President</th> <th>Vice-Presidential votes </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></th> <th>692</th> <th>1238</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a></th> <th>1119 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a></th> <th>277</th> <th>93</th> <th><a href="/wiki/George_W._Romney" title="George W. Romney">George W. Romney</a></th> <th>186 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></th> <th>182</th> <th>2</th> <th><a href="/wiki/John_V._Lindsay" class="mw-redirect" title="John V. Lindsay">John V. Lindsay</a></th> <th>10 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> governor <a href="/wiki/James_A._Rhodes" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. Rhodes">James A. Rhodes</a></th> <th>55</th> <th>—</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> senator <a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Edward Brooke</a></th> <th>1 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> governor <a href="/wiki/George_W._Romney" title="George W. Romney">George W. Romney</a></th> <th>50</th> <th>—</th> <th><a href="/wiki/James_A._Rhodes" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. Rhodes">James A. Rhodes</a></th> <th>1 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> senator <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Case" class="mw-redirect" title="Clifford Case">Clifford Case</a></th> <th>22</th> <th>—</th> <th>not voting</th> <th>16 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> senator <a href="/wiki/Frank_Carlson" title="Frank Carlson">Frank Carlson</a></th> <th>20</th> <th>—</th> <th>—</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> governor <a href="/wiki/Winthrop_Rockefeller" title="Winthrop Rockefeller">Winthrop Rockefeller</a></th> <th>18</th> <th>—</th> <th>—</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> senator <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Fong" title="Hiram Fong">Hiram Fong</a></th> <th>14</th> <th>—</th> <th>—</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></th> <th>2</th> <th>—</th> <th>—</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th>New York City mayor <a href="/wiki/John_V._Lindsay" class="mw-redirect" title="John V. Lindsay">John V. Lindsay</a></th> <th>1</th> <th>—</th> <th>—</th> <th> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>As of the 2020 presidential election, 1968 was the last time that two siblings (Nelson and Winthrop Rockefeller) ran against each other in a <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">presidential primary</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Democratic_Party_nomination">Democratic Party nomination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Democratic Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)"><img alt="Democratic Party (United States)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Democratic_Disc.svg/65px-Democratic_Disc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Democratic_Disc.svg/98px-Democratic_Disc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Democratic_Disc.svg/130px-Democratic_Disc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Democratic Party (United States)</figcaption></figure><big> <b>1968 Democratic Party ticket</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Hubert Humphrey</span></a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Edmund Muskie</span></a> </th></tr> <tr style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#c8ebff;"> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hubert_Humphrey_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Hubert_Humphrey_crop.jpg/175px-Hubert_Humphrey_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Hubert_Humphrey_crop.jpg/262px-Hubert_Humphrey_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Hubert_Humphrey_crop.jpg/349px-Hubert_Humphrey_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2475" data-file-height="3115" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muskie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Muskie.jpg/179px-Muskie.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Muskie.jpg/268px-Muskie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Muskie.jpg/357px-Muskie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="623" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">38th</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a><br /><small>(1965–1969)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a><br /><small>(1959–1980)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Hubert Humphrey 1968 presidential campaign"><b>Campaign</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Humphrey_Muskie_%2768.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Humphrey_Muskie_%2768.svg/200px-Humphrey_Muskie_%2768.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Humphrey_Muskie_%2768.svg/300px-Humphrey_Muskie_%2768.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Humphrey_Muskie_%2768.svg/400px-Humphrey_Muskie_%2768.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1345" data-file-height="455" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_major_candidates_2">Other major candidates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other major candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following candidates were frequently interviewed by major broadcast networks, were listed in publicly published national polls, or ran a campaign that extended beyond their home delegation in the case of <a href="/wiki/Favorite_son" title="Favorite son">favorite sons</a>. </p><p>Humphrey received 166,463 votes in the primaries. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="9" style="text-align:center; width:1000px; font-size:120%; color:white; background:#3333FF;"><i>Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the nomination race</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Channing_E._Phillips" title="Channing E. Phillips">Channing E. Phillips</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Lester_Maddox" title="Lester Maddox">Lester Maddox</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1964_Portrait_Eugene_McCarthy_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/1964_Portrait_Eugene_McCarthy_%28cropped%29.jpg/95px-1964_Portrait_Eugene_McCarthy_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/1964_Portrait_Eugene_McCarthy_%28cropped%29.jpg/142px-1964_Portrait_Eugene_McCarthy_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/1964_Portrait_Eugene_McCarthy_%28cropped%29.jpg/189px-1964_Portrait_Eugene_McCarthy_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_McGovern_(D-SD)_(3x4-1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/George_McGovern_%28D-SD%29_%283x4-1%29.jpg/90px-George_McGovern_%28D-SD%29_%283x4-1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/George_McGovern_%28D-SD%29_%283x4-1%29.jpg/135px-George_McGovern_%28D-SD%29_%283x4-1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/George_McGovern_%28D-SD%29_%283x4-1%29.jpg/180px-George_McGovern_%28D-SD%29_%283x4-1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1635" data-file-height="2180" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Channing_Phillips_at_his_desk_at_the_NEH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Channing_Phillips_at_his_desk_at_the_NEH.jpg/96px-Channing_Phillips_at_his_desk_at_the_NEH.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Channing_Phillips_at_his_desk_at_the_NEH.jpg/144px-Channing_Phillips_at_his_desk_at_the_NEH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Channing_Phillips_at_his_desk_at_the_NEH.jpg/193px-Channing_Phillips_at_his_desk_at_the_NEH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1146" data-file-height="1428" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lester_Maddox.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Lester_Maddox.jpg/79px-Lester_Maddox.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Lester_Maddox.jpg/118px-Lester_Maddox.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Lester_Maddox.jpg/158px-Lester_Maddox.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2232" data-file-height="3390" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg/96px-Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg/144px-Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg/191px-Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lbj2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Lbj2_%28cropped%29.jpg/94px-Lbj2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Lbj2_%28cropped%29.jpg/141px-Lbj2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Lbj2_%28cropped%29.jpg/187px-Lbj2_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1808" data-file-height="2413" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>U.S. senator from <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a><br /><small>(1959–1971)</small> </td> <td>U.S. senator from <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a><br /><small>(1963–1981)</small> </td> <td>Reverend at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Temple_United_Church_of_Christ" title="Lincoln Temple United Church of Christ">Lincoln Temple</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> </td> <td>Governor of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a><br /><small>(1967–1971)</small> </td> <td>U.S. senator from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a><br /><small>(1965–1968)</small> </td> <td>36th <br /> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a><br /><small>(1963–1969)</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Eugene McCarthy 1968 presidential campaign">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern#1968_presidential_and_Senate_campaigns" title="George McGovern">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Channing_E._Phillips" title="Channing E. Phillips">Campaign</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Robert F. Kennedy 1968 presidential campaign">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey_1968_presidential_campaign#Lyndon_Johnson_campaign" title="Hubert Humphrey 1968 presidential campaign">Campaign</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><i>Lost nomination: August 29, 1968</i><br /><small><b>2,914,933</b> votes</small> </td> <td><i>Lost nomination: August 29, 1968</i><br /><small>0 votes</small> </td> <td><i>Lost nomination: August 29, 1968</i><br /><small>0 votes</small> </td> <td><i>Withdrew and endorsed George Wallace: August 28, 1968</i><br /><small>0 votes</small> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy">Assassinated</a>: June 5, 1968</i><br /><small><b>2,305,148</b> votes</small> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson_from_the_1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Lyndon B. Johnson from the 1968 United States presidential election">Withdrew</a> and endorsed Hubert Humphrey: March 31, 1968</i><br /><small><b>383,590</b> votes</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enter_Eugene_McCarthy">Enter Eugene McCarthy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Enter Eugene McCarthy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because Lyndon B. Johnson had been elected to the presidency only once, in 1964, and had served less than two full years of the term before that, the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-second Amendment</a> did not disqualify him from running for another term.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, it was widely assumed when 1968 began that President Johnson would run for another term, and that he would have little trouble winning the Democratic nomination. </p><p>Despite growing opposition to Johnson's policies in Vietnam, it appeared that no prominent Democratic candidate would run against a sitting president of his own party. It was also accepted at the beginning of the year that Johnson's record of domestic accomplishments would overshadow public opposition to the Vietnam War and that he would easily boost his public image after he started campaigning.<sup id="cite_ref-johnman1967_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnman1967-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even Senator <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> from New York, an outspoken critic of Johnson's policies, with a large base of support, publicly declined to run against Johnson in the primaries. Poll numbers also suggested that a large share of Americans who opposed the Vietnam War felt the growth of the anti-war <a href="/wiki/Hippie_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippie movement">hippie movement</a> among younger Americans and violent unrest on college campuses was not helping their cause.<sup id="cite_ref-johnman1967_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnman1967-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 30, however, claims by the Johnson administration that a recent troop surge would soon bring an end to the war were severely discredited when the <a href="/wiki/Tet_Offensive" title="Tet Offensive">Tet Offensive</a> broke out. Although the American military was eventually able to fend off the attacks, and also inflict heavy losses among the communist opposition, the ability of the North Vietnamese Army and Viet Cong to launch large scale attacks during the Tet Offensive's long duration greatly weakened American support for the military draft and further combat operations in Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-tetl_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tetl-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A recorded phone conversation which Johnson had with Chicago mayor <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Daley" title="Richard J. Daley">Richard J. Daley</a> on January 27 revealed that both men had become aware of Kennedy's private intention to enter the Democratic presidential primaries and that Johnson was willing to accept Daley's offer to run as Humphrey's vice presidential running mate if he were to end his re-election campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-jan27_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jan27-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daley, whose city would host the <a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention_protest_activity" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 Democratic National Convention protest activity">1968 Democratic National Convention</a>, also preferred either Johnson or Humphrey over any other candidate, and stated that Kennedy had met him the week before, and that he was unsuccessful in his attempt to win over Daley's support.<sup id="cite_ref-jan27_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jan27-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In time, only Senator <a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a> from Minnesota proved willing to challenge Johnson openly. Running as an anti-war candidate in the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire primary">New Hampshire primary</a>, McCarthy hoped to pressure the Democrats into publicly opposing the Vietnam War. Since New Hampshire was the first presidential primary of 1968, McCarthy poured most of his limited resources into the state. He was boosted by thousands of young college students, led by youth coordinator <a href="/wiki/Sam_Brown_(activist)" title="Sam Brown (activist)">Sam Brown</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who shaved their beards and cut their hair to be "Clean for Gene". These students organized get-out-the-vote drives, rang doorbells, distributed McCarthy buttons and leaflets, and worked hard in New Hampshire for McCarthy. On March 12, McCarthy won 42 percent of the primary vote, to Johnson's 49 percent, a shockingly strong showing against an incumbent president, which was even more impressive because Johnson had more than 24 supporters running for the Democratic National Convention delegate slots to be filled in the election, while McCarthy's campaign organized more strategically. McCarthy won 20 of the 24 delegates. This gave McCarthy's campaign legitimacy and momentum. Sensing Johnson's vulnerability, Senator Robert F. Kennedy announced his candidacy four days after the New Hampshire primary on March 16. Thereafter, McCarthy and Kennedy engaged in a series of state primaries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Johnson_withdraws"><span class="anchor" id="Johnson_withdraws"></span>Johnson withdraws</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Johnson withdraws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson_from_the_1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Lyndon B. Johnson from the 1968 United States presidential election">Withdrawal of Lyndon B. Johnson from the 1968 United States presidential election</a></div> <p>On March 31, 1968, following the New Hampshire primary and Kennedy's entry into the election, the president made a televised speech to the nation and said that he was suspending all bombing of North Vietnam in favor of peace talks. After concluding his speech, Johnson announced, </p> <blockquote><p>"With America's sons in the fields far away, with America's future under challenge right here at home, with our hopes and the world's hopes for peace in the balance every day, I do not believe that I should devote an hour or a day of my time to any personal partisan causes or to any duties, other than the awesome duties of this office — the presidency of your country. Accordingly, <a href="/wiki/Shermanesque_statement" title="Shermanesque statement">I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your President</a>."</p></blockquote> <p>Not discussed publicly at the time was Johnson's concern that he might not survive another term – Johnson's health was poor, and he had already suffered a serious <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">heart attack</a> in 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on January 22, 1973, two days after the end of the new presidential term. Bleak political forecasts also contributed to Johnson's withdrawal; internal polling by Johnson's campaign in Wisconsin, the next state to hold a primary election, showed the President trailing badly.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Lyndon_B._Johnson_speech_re_bombing_halt_and_decision_not_to_run_for_re-election_-_NARA_-_192620.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/President_Lyndon_B._Johnson_speech_re_bombing_halt_and_decision_not_to_run_for_re-election_-_NARA_-_192620.tif/lossy-page1-220px-President_Lyndon_B._Johnson_speech_re_bombing_halt_and_decision_not_to_run_for_re-election_-_NARA_-_192620.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/President_Lyndon_B._Johnson_speech_re_bombing_halt_and_decision_not_to_run_for_re-election_-_NARA_-_192620.tif/lossy-page1-330px-President_Lyndon_B._Johnson_speech_re_bombing_halt_and_decision_not_to_run_for_re-election_-_NARA_-_192620.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/President_Lyndon_B._Johnson_speech_re_bombing_halt_and_decision_not_to_run_for_re-election_-_NARA_-_192620.tif/lossy-page1-440px-President_Lyndon_B._Johnson_speech_re_bombing_halt_and_decision_not_to_run_for_re-election_-_NARA_-_192620.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2031" /></a><figcaption>President Lyndon B. Johnson delivers a speech on March 31, announcing he will not run for re-election</figcaption></figure> <p>Historians have debated why Johnson quit a few days after his weak showing in New Hampshire. <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Shesol" title="Jeff Shesol">Jeff Shesol</a> says Johnson wanted out of the White House, but also wanted vindication; when the indicators turned negative, he decided to leave.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lewis L. Gould says that Johnson had neglected the Democratic party, was hurting it by his Vietnam policies, and under-estimated McCarthy's strength until the last minute, when it was too late for Johnson to recover.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Randall Bennett Woods said Johnson realized he needed to leave, for the nation to heal.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dallek" title="Robert Dallek">Robert Dallek</a> writes that Johnson had no further domestic goals, and realized that his personality had eroded his popularity. His health was poor, and he was pre-occupied with the Kennedy campaign; his wife was pressing for his retirement, and his base of support continued to shrink. Leaving the race would allow him to pose as a peace-maker.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony J. Bennett, however, said Johnson "had been forced out of a re-election race in 1968 by outrage over his policy in Southeast Asia".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, an AP reporter said that Johnson decided to end his re-election bid after CBS News anchor <a href="/wiki/Walter_Cronkite" title="Walter Cronkite">Walter Cronkite</a>, who was influential, turned against the president's policy in Vietnam. During a CBS News editorial which aired on February 27, Cronkite recommended the US pursue peace negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After watching Cronkite's editorial, Johnson allegedly exclaimed: "If I've lost Cronkite, I've lost Middle America."<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This quote by Johnson has been disputed for accuracy.<sup id="cite_ref-uoooav_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoooav-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson was attending Texas Governor John Connally's birthday gala in Austin, Texas, when Cronkite's editorial aired and did not see the original broadcast.<sup id="cite_ref-uoooav_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoooav-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But, Cronkite and CBS News correspondent <a href="/wiki/Bob_Schieffer" title="Bob Schieffer">Bob Schieffer</a> defended reports that the remark had been made. They said that members of Johnson's inner circle, who had watched the editorial with the president, including presidential aide <a href="/wiki/George_Christian_(journalist)" title="George Christian (journalist)">George Christian</a> and journalist <a href="/wiki/Bill_Moyers" title="Bill Moyers">Bill Moyers</a>, later confirmed the accuracy of the quote to them.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-schieffcron_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schieffcron-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schieffer, who was a reporter for the <i><a href="/wiki/Star-Telegram" class="mw-redirect" title="Star-Telegram">Star-Telegram</a>'</i>s <a href="/wiki/WBAP-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="WBAP-TV">WBAP</a> television station in Fort Worth, Texas, when Cronkite's editorial aired, acknowledged reports that the president saw the editorial's original broadcast were inaccurate,<sup id="cite_ref-schieffcron_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schieffcron-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but claimed the president was able to watch a taping of it the morning after it aired and then made the remark.<sup id="cite_ref-schieffcron_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schieffcron-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Johnson's January 27, 1968, phone conversion with Chicago Mayor <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Daley" title="Richard J. Daley">Richard J. Daley</a> revealed that the two were trying to feed Robert Kennedy's ego so he would stay in the race, convincing him that the Democratic Party was undergoing a "revolution".<sup id="cite_ref-jan27_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jan27-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They suggested he might earn a spot as vice president.<sup id="cite_ref-jan27_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jan27-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Johnson's withdrawal, the Democratic Party quickly split into four factions. </p> <ul><li>The first faction consisted of labor unions and big-city party bosses (led by Mayor <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Daley" title="Richard J. Daley">Richard J. Daley</a>). This group had traditionally controlled the Democratic Party since the days of President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, and they feared loss of their control over the party. After Johnson's withdrawal this group rallied to support Hubert Humphrey, Johnson's vice-president; it was also believed that President Johnson himself was covertly supporting Humphrey, despite his public claims of neutrality.</li> <li>The second faction, which rallied behind Senator Eugene McCarthy, was composed of college students, intellectuals, and upper-middle-class urban whites who had been the early activists against the war in Vietnam; they perceived themselves as the future of the Democratic Party.</li> <li>The third group was primarily composed of African Americans and Hispanic Americans, as well as some anti-war groups; these groups rallied behind Senator Robert F. Kennedy.</li> <li>The fourth group consisted of white Southern Democrats. Some older voters, remembering the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a>'s positive impact upon the rural South, supported Vice-president Humphrey. Many would rally behind the third-party campaign of former Alabama Governor <a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a> as a "law and order" candidate.</li></ul> <p>Since the Vietnam War had become the major issue that was dividing the Democratic Party, and Johnson had come to symbolize the war for many liberal Democrats, Johnson believed that he could not win the nomination without a major struggle, and that he would probably lose the election in November to the Republicans. However, by withdrawing from the race, he could avoid the stigma of defeat, and he could keep control of the party machinery by giving the nomination to Humphrey, who had been a loyal vice-president.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Milne (2011) argues that, in terms of foreign-policy in the Vietnam War, Johnson at the end wanted Nixon to be president rather than Humphrey, since Johnson agreed with Nixon, rather than Humphrey, on the need to defend South Vietnam from communism.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Johnson's telephone calls show that Johnson believed the Nixon camp was deliberately sabotaging the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Accords" title="Paris Peace Accords">Paris peace talks</a>. He told Humphrey, who refused to use allegations based on illegal wiretaps of a presidential candidate. Nixon himself called Johnson and denied the allegations. Dallek concludes that Nixon's advice to Saigon made no difference, and that Humphrey was so closely identified with Johnson's unpopular policies that no last-minute deal with Hanoi could have affected the election.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contest">Contest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Contest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1968DemocraticPresidentialPrimaries.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/1968DemocraticPresidentialPrimaries.png/400px-1968DemocraticPresidentialPrimaries.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/1968DemocraticPresidentialPrimaries.png/600px-1968DemocraticPresidentialPrimaries.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/1968DemocraticPresidentialPrimaries.png/800px-1968DemocraticPresidentialPrimaries.png 2x" data-file-width="858" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption>Statewide contest by winner: Red = Kennedy, Orange = Smathers, Yellow = Young, Green = Johnson, Blue = McCarthy, Grey = No primary <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Kennedy">Robert Kennedy</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:Orange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/George_Smathers" title="George Smathers">George Smathers</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:Yellow; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_M._Young" title="Stephen M. Young">Stephen Young</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:Lime; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:Blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:Grey; color:black;"> </span> No primary</div></figcaption></figure> <p>After Johnson's withdrawal, <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> Hubert Humphrey announced his candidacy. Kennedy was successful in four state primaries (Indiana, Nebraska, South Dakota, and California), and McCarthy won six (Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Oregon, New Jersey, and Illinois). However, in primaries where they campaigned directly against one another, Kennedy won four primaries (Indiana, Nebraska, South Dakota, and California), and McCarthy won only one (Oregon).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey did not compete in the primaries, leaving that job to <a href="/wiki/Favorite_son" title="Favorite son">favorite sons</a> who were his surrogates, notably <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/George_A._Smathers" class="mw-redirect" title="George A. Smathers">George A. Smathers</a> from <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_M._Young" title="Stephen M. Young">Stephen M. Young</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Indiana" title="Governor of Indiana">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Branigin" title="Roger D. Branigin">Roger D. Branigin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>. Instead, Humphrey concentrated on winning the delegates in non-primary states, where party leaders such as <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Chicago" title="Mayor of Chicago">Chicago Mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Daley" title="Richard J. Daley">Richard J. Daley</a> controlled the delegate votes in their states. Kennedy defeated Branigin and McCarthy in the Indiana primary on May 7, and then defeated McCarthy in the Nebraska primary on May 14. However, McCarthy upset Kennedy in the Oregon primary on May 28. </p><p>After Kennedy's defeat in Oregon, the California primary was seen as crucial to both Kennedy and McCarthy. McCarthy stumped the state's many colleges and universities, where he was treated as a hero for being the first presidential candidate to oppose the war. Kennedy campaigned in the <a href="/wiki/Ghetto" title="Ghetto">ghettos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barrio" title="Barrio">barrios</a> of the state's larger cities, where he was mobbed by enthusiastic supporters. Kennedy and McCarthy engaged in a television debate a few days before the primary; it was generally considered a draw. On June 4, Kennedy narrowly defeated McCarthy in California, 46%–42%. However, McCarthy refused to withdraw from the race, and made it clear that he would contest Kennedy in the upcoming New York primary on June 18, where McCarthy had much support from anti-war activists. In the early morning of June 5, after giving his victory speech in Los Angeles, <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_assassination" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert F. Kennedy assassination">Kennedy was assassinated</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sirhan_Sirhan" title="Sirhan Sirhan">Sirhan Sirhan</a>, a 24-year-old <a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Jordan" title="Palestinians in Jordan">Palestinian-Jordanian</a>. Kennedy died 26 hours later at <a href="/wiki/Good_Samaritan_Hospital_(Los_Angeles)" title="Good Samaritan Hospital (Los Angeles)">Good Samaritan Hospital</a>. Sirhan admitted his guilt, was convicted of murder, and is still in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years some have cast doubt on Sirhan's guilt, including Sirhan himself, who said he was "brainwashed" into killing Kennedy and was a <a href="/wiki/Patsy#Victim_of_deception" title="Patsy">patsy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SWPC-RFK-C004-003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/SWPC-RFK-C004-003.jpg/200px-SWPC-RFK-C004-003.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/SWPC-RFK-C004-003.jpg/300px-SWPC-RFK-C004-003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/SWPC-RFK-C004-003.jpg/400px-SWPC-RFK-C004-003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="982" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Kennedy campaigning in Los Angeles (photo courtesy of <i>John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum</i>, Boston)</figcaption></figure> <p>Political historians still debate whether Kennedy could have won the Democratic nomination, had he lived. Some historians, such as <a href="/wiki/Theodore_H._White" title="Theodore H. White">Theodore H. White</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a>, have argued that Kennedy's broad appeal and famed charisma would have convinced the party bosses at the Democratic Convention to give him the nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jack Newfield, author of <i>RFK: A Memoir</i>, stated in a 1998 interview that on the night he was assassinated, "[Kennedy] had a phone conversation with Mayor Daley of Chicago, and Mayor Daley all but promised to throw the Illinois delegates to Bobby at the convention in August 1968. I think he said to me, and <a href="/wiki/Pete_Hamill" title="Pete Hamill">Pete Hamill</a>: 'Daley is the ball game, and I think we have Daley.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, other writers such as <a href="/wiki/Tom_Wicker" title="Tom Wicker">Tom Wicker</a>, who covered the Kennedy campaign for <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, believe that Humphrey's large lead in delegate votes from non-primary states, combined with Senator McCarthy's refusal to quit the race, would have prevented Kennedy from ever winning a majority at the Democratic Convention, and that Humphrey would have been the Democratic nominee, even if Kennedy had lived.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The journalist <a href="/wiki/Richard_Reeves_(American_writer)" title="Richard Reeves (American writer)">Richard Reeves</a> and historian <a href="/wiki/Michael_Beschloss" title="Michael Beschloss">Michael Beschloss</a> have both written that Humphrey was the likely nominee,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and future Democratic National Committee chairman <a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">Larry O'Brien</a> wrote in his memoirs that Kennedy's chances of winning the nomination had been slim, even after his win in California.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the moment of RFK's death, the delegate totals were: </p> <ul><li>Hubert Humphrey – 561</li> <li>Robert F. Kennedy – 393</li> <li>Eugene McCarthy – 258</li></ul> <p>Total popular vote:<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a>: 2,914,933 (38.7%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a>: 2,304,542 (30.6%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_M._Young" title="Stephen M. Young">Stephen M. Young</a>: 549,140 (7.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>: 383,048 (5.1%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Branigin" title="Roger D. Branigin">Roger D. Branigin</a>: 238,700 (3.2%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Smathers" title="George Smathers">George Smathers</a>: 236,242 (3.1%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a>: 166,463 (2.2%)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li>Unpledged: 670,328 (8.9%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a>: 33,520 (0.4%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (write-in): 13,035 (0.2%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_A._Rockefeller" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelson A. Rockefeller">Nelson A. Rockefeller</a>: 5,116 (0.1%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (write-in): 4,987 (0.1%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a>: 4,052 (0.1%)</li> <li>Others: 10,963 (0.1%) </li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democratic_Convention_and_antiwar_protests">Democratic Convention and antiwar protests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Democratic Convention and antiwar protests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robert Kennedy's death altered the dynamics of the race. Although Humphrey appeared the presumptive favorite for the nomination, thanks to his support from the traditional power blocs of the party, he was an unpopular choice with many of the <a href="/wiki/Antiwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiwar">anti-war</a> elements within the party, who identified him with Johnson's controversial position on the Vietnam War. However, Kennedy's delegates failed to unite behind a single candidate who could have prevented Humphrey from getting the nomination. Some of Kennedy's support went to McCarthy, but many of Kennedy's delegates, remembering their bitter primary battles with McCarthy, refused to vote for him. Instead, these delegates rallied around the late-starting candidacy of Senator <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a> of South Dakota, a Kennedy supporter in the spring primaries who had presidential ambitions himself. This division of the anti-war votes at the Democratic Convention made it easier for Humphrey to gather the delegates he needed to win the nomination. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photograph_of_Hubert_Humphrey_and_Edmund_Muskie_at_the_1968_Democratic_National_Convention_a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Photograph_of_Hubert_Humphrey_and_Edmund_Muskie_at_the_1968_Democratic_National_Convention_a.jpg/220px-Photograph_of_Hubert_Humphrey_and_Edmund_Muskie_at_the_1968_Democratic_National_Convention_a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Photograph_of_Hubert_Humphrey_and_Edmund_Muskie_at_the_1968_Democratic_National_Convention_a.jpg/330px-Photograph_of_Hubert_Humphrey_and_Edmund_Muskie_at_the_1968_Democratic_National_Convention_a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Photograph_of_Hubert_Humphrey_and_Edmund_Muskie_at_the_1968_Democratic_National_Convention_a.jpg/440px-Photograph_of_Hubert_Humphrey_and_Edmund_Muskie_at_the_1968_Democratic_National_Convention_a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5052" data-file-height="3378" /></a><figcaption>Vice President <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a> and U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a> wave from the podium at the <a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">1968 Democratic National Convention</a> in Chicago</figcaption></figure> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">1968 Democratic National Convention</a> opened in Chicago, thousands of young activists from around the nation gathered in the city to <a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention_protest_activity" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 Democratic National Convention protest activity">protest the Vietnam War</a>. On the evening of August 28, in a clash which was covered on live television, Americans were shocked to see Chicago police brutally beating anti-war protesters in the streets of Chicago in front of the Conrad Hilton Hotel. While the protesters chanted, "<a href="/wiki/The_whole_world_is_watching" title="The whole world is watching">The whole world is watching</a>", the police used clubs and <a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">tear gas</a> to beat back or arrest the protesters, leaving many of them bloody and dazed. The tear gas wafted into numerous hotel suites; in one of them Vice President Humphrey was watching the proceedings on television. The police said that their actions were justified because numerous police officers were being injured by bottles, rocks, and broken glass that were being thrown at them by the protestors. The protestors had also yelled insults at the police, calling them "pigs" and other <a href="/wiki/Epithets" class="mw-redirect" title="Epithets">epithets</a>. The anti-war and police riot divided the Democratic Party's base: some supported the protestors and felt that the police were being heavy-handed, but others disapproved of the violence and supported the police. Meanwhile, the convention itself was marred by the strong-arm tactics of Chicago's mayor Richard J. Daley (who was seen on television angrily cursing Senator <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Ribicoff" title="Abraham Ribicoff">Abraham Ribicoff</a> from Connecticut, who made a speech at the convention denouncing the excesses of the Chicago police). In the end, the nomination itself was anticlimactic, with Vice-president Humphrey handily beating McCarthy and McGovern on the first ballot. </p><p>After the delegates nominated Humphrey, the convention then turned to selecting a vice-presidential nominee. The main candidates for this position were Senators <a href="/wiki/Edward_M._Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward M. Kennedy">Edward M. Kennedy</a> from Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a> from Maine, and <a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris">Fred R. Harris</a> from Oklahoma; Governors <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Hughes" title="Richard J. Hughes">Richard Hughes</a> of New Jersey and <a href="/wiki/Terry_Sanford" title="Terry Sanford">Terry Sanford</a> of North Carolina; Mayor <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Alioto" title="Joseph Alioto">Joseph Alioto</a> of San Francisco, California; former Deputy Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Vance" title="Cyrus Vance">Cyrus Vance</a>; and Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Sargent Shriver</a> from Maryland. Another idea floated was to tap Republican Governor <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a> of New York, one of the most liberal Republicans. Ted Kennedy was Humphrey's first choice, but the senator turned him down. After narrowing it down to Senator Muskie and Senator Harris, Vice-president Humphrey chose Muskie, a moderate and <a href="/wiki/Environmentalist" title="Environmentalist">environmentalist</a> from <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, for the nomination. The convention complied with the request and nominated Senator Muskie as Humphrey's running mate. </p><p>The publicity from the anti-war riots crippled Humphrey's campaign from the start, and it never fully recovered. Before 1968 the city of Chicago had been a frequent host for the political conventions of both parties; since 1968 only two national conventions have been held there: the <a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">Democratic convention of 1996</a>, which nominated <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> for a second term, and the <a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">Democratic convention of 2024</a>, which nominated <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"> <caption>Balloting </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Presidential tally</th> <th colspan="2">Vice Presidential tally </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a></th> <th>1759.25</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Edmund_S._Muskie" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund S. Muskie">Edmund S. Muskie</a></th> <th>1942.5 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></th> <th>601</th> <th>Not Voting</th> <th>604.25 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/George_S._McGovern" class="mw-redirect" title="George S. McGovern">George S. McGovern</a></th> <th>146.5</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Julian Bond</a></th> <th>48.5 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Channing_Phillips" class="mw-redirect" title="Channing Phillips">Channing Phillips</a></th> <th>67.5</th> <th>David Hoeh</th> <th>4 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Daniel_K._Moore" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel K. Moore">Daniel K. Moore</a></th> <th>17.5</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Edward_M._Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward M. Kennedy">Edward M. Kennedy</a></th> <th>3.5 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Edward_M._Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward M. Kennedy">Edward M. Kennedy</a></th> <th>12.75</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></th> <th>3.0 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bear_Bryant" title="Bear Bryant">Paul W. "Bear" Bryant</a></th> <th>1.5</th> <th>Others</th> <th>16.25 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/James_H._Gray_Sr." title="James H. Gray Sr.">James H. Gray</a></th> <th>0.5</th> <th></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a></th> <th>0.5</th> <th></th> <th> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>Source: Keating Holland, "All the Votes... Really", CNN<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Endorsements">Endorsements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Endorsements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Hubert Humphrey</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Chicago" title="Mayor of Chicago">Mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Daley" title="Richard J. Daley">Richard J. Daley</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li>Former President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a></li> <li>Singer/actor <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a></li></ul> <p><b>Robert F. Kennedy</b> </p> <ul><li>Senator <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Ribicoff" title="Abraham Ribicoff">Abraham Ribicoff</a> from <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Senator <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a> from <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Senator <a href="/wiki/Vance_Hartke" title="Vance Hartke">Vance Hartke</a> from <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Labor Leader <a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez" title="Cesar Chavez">Cesar Chavez</a></li> <li>Writer <a href="/wiki/Truman_Capote" title="Truman Capote">Truman Capote</a><sup id="cite_ref-:2_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Writer <a href="/wiki/Norman_Mailer" title="Norman Mailer">Norman Mailer</a></li> <li>Actress <a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a><sup id="cite_ref-:2_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Actress <a href="/wiki/Stefanie_Powers" title="Stefanie Powers">Stefanie Powers</a></li> <li>Actor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Vaughn" title="Robert Vaughn">Robert Vaughn</a></li> <li>Actor <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lawford" title="Peter Lawford">Peter Lawford</a></li> <li>Singer <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Darin" title="Bobby Darin">Bobby Darin</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Eugene McCarthy</b> </p> <ul><li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Don_Edwards" title="Don Edwards">Don Edwards</a> from <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li>Actor <a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a></li> <li>Actress <a href="/wiki/Tallulah_Bankhead" title="Tallulah Bankhead">Tallulah Bankhead</a><sup id="cite_ref-:2_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Playwright <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a><sup id="cite_ref-:2_56-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Writer <a href="/wiki/William_Styron" title="William Styron">William Styron</a><sup id="cite_ref-:2_56-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>George McGovern</b> (during convention) </p> <ul><li>Senator <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Ribicoff" title="Abraham Ribicoff">Abraham Ribicoff</a> from <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li>Governor <a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Hughes" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold E. Hughes">Harold E. Hughes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="American_Independent_Party_nomination">American Independent Party nomination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: American Independent Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/George_Wallace_1968_presidential_campaign" title="George Wallace 1968 presidential campaign">George Wallace 1968 presidential campaign</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Independent_Party_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/American_Independent_Party_Logo.png/94px-American_Independent_Party_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="94" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/American_Independent_Party_Logo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="125" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <p><big> <b>1968 American Independent Party ticket</b></big> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#ff7f00; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">George Wallace</span></a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#ff7f00; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Curtis_LeMay" title="Curtis LeMay"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Curtis LeMay</span></a> </th></tr> <tr style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#faaf64;"> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Wallace_(D-AL)_(3x4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/George_Wallace_%28D-AL%29_%283x4%29.jpg/165px-George_Wallace_%28D-AL%29_%283x4%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/George_Wallace_%28D-AL%29_%283x4%29.jpg/247px-George_Wallace_%28D-AL%29_%283x4%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/George_Wallace_%28D-AL%29_%283x4%29.jpg/330px-George_Wallace_%28D-AL%29_%283x4%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="970" data-file-height="1293" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Curtis_LeMay_(USAF)_(cropped_closein_3x4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Curtis_LeMay_%28USAF%29_%28cropped_closein_3x4%29.jpg/165px-Curtis_LeMay_%28USAF%29_%28cropped_closein_3x4%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Curtis_LeMay_%28USAF%29_%28cropped_closein_3x4%29.jpg/247px-Curtis_LeMay_%28USAF%29_%28cropped_closein_3x4%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Curtis_LeMay_%28USAF%29_%28cropped_closein_3x4%29.jpg/330px-Curtis_LeMay_%28USAF%29_%28cropped_closein_3x4%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="1264" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Alabama">45th</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Alabama">Governor of Alabama</a><br /><small>(1963–1967)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force</a><br /><small>(1961–1965)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace_1968_presidential_campaign" title="George Wallace 1968 presidential campaign"><b>Campaign</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wallace_Lemay_bumper_sticker.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Wallace_Lemay_bumper_sticker.svg/200px-Wallace_Lemay_bumper_sticker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Wallace_Lemay_bumper_sticker.svg/300px-Wallace_Lemay_bumper_sticker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Wallace_Lemay_bumper_sticker.svg/400px-Wallace_Lemay_bumper_sticker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a>, which was established in 1967 by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Shearer" title="Bill Shearer">Bill</a> and Eileen Shearer, nominated former Alabama Governor <a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a> – whose pro-<a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a> policies had been rejected by the mainstream of the Democratic Party – as the party's candidate for president. The impact of the Wallace campaign was substantial, winning the electoral votes of several states in the <a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep South</a>. He appeared on the ballot in all fifty states, but not the District of Columbia. Although he did not come close to winning any states outside the South, Wallace was the 1968 presidential candidate who most disproportionately drew his support from among young men.<sup id="cite_ref-'70s_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-'70s-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wallace also proved to be popular among <a href="/wiki/Blue-collar" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue-collar">blue-collar</a> workers in the North and Midwest, and he took many votes which might have gone to Humphrey.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wallace was not expected to win the election – his strategy was to prevent either major party candidate from winning a preliminary majority in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Electoral_College" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Electoral College">Electoral College</a>. Although Wallace put considerable effort into mounting a serious general election campaign, his presidential bid was also a continuation of Southern efforts to elect <a href="/wiki/Unpledged_electors" class="mw-redirect" title="Unpledged electors">unpledged electors</a> that had taken place in every election from <a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a> – he had his electors promise to vote not necessarily for him but rather for whomever he directed them to support – his objective was not to move the election into the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> where he would have had little influence, but rather to give himself the bargaining power to determine the winner. Wallace's <a href="/wiki/Running_mate" title="Running mate">running mate</a> was retired four star General <a href="/wiki/Curtis_LeMay" title="Curtis LeMay">Curtis LeMay</a>. </p><p>Prior to deciding on LeMay, Wallace gave serious consideration to former U.S. senator, governor, and Baseball Commissioner A. B. <a href="/wiki/Happy_Chandler" title="Happy Chandler">Happy Chandler</a> of Kentucky as his running mate.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chandler and Wallace met a number of times; however, Chandler said that he and Wallace were unable to come to an agreement regarding their positions on racial matters. Chandler had supported the segregationist <a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">Dixiecrats</a> in the 1948 presidential elections. However, after being re-elected <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Kentucky" title="Governor of Kentucky">Governor of Kentucky</a> in 1955, he used <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="National Guard of the United States">National Guard</a> troops to enforce school integration.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other considerations included <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> newscaster <a href="/wiki/Paul_Harvey" title="Paul Harvey">Paul Harvey</a> of Oklahoma, former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a> <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Taft_Benson" title="Ezra Taft Benson">Ezra Taft Benson</a> of Utah, former Governor of Arkansas <a href="/wiki/Orval_Faubus" title="Orval Faubus">Orval Faubus</a>, and even <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Fried_Chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky Fried Chicken">Kentucky Fried Chicken</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Colonel_Sanders" title="Colonel Sanders">Colonel Sanders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wallace's position of withdrawing from Vietnam if the war was "not winnable within 90 days"<sup id="cite_ref-Kauffman_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kauffman-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was overshadowed by LeMay, implying he would use <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a> to win the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarter1995361_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarter1995361-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_parties_and_candidates">Other parties and candidates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other parties and candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Also on the ballot in two or more states were black activist <a href="/wiki/Eldridge_Cleaver" title="Eldridge Cleaver">Eldridge Cleaver</a> (who was ineligible to take office, as he would have only been 33 years of age on January 20, 1969) for the <a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace and Freedom Party (United States)">Peace and Freedom Party</a>; <a href="/wiki/Henning_A._Blomen" title="Henning A. Blomen">Henning Blomen</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fred_Halstead" title="Fred Halstead">Fred Halstead</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a>; <a href="/wiki/E._Harold_Munn" title="E. Harold Munn">E. Harold Munn</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Charlene_Mitchell" title="Charlene Mitchell">Charlene Mitchell</a> – the first African-American woman to run for president, and the first woman to receive valid votes in a general election – for the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party</a>. Comedians <a href="/wiki/Dick_Gregory" title="Dick Gregory">Dick Gregory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pat_Paulsen" title="Pat Paulsen">Pat Paulsen</a> were notable <a href="/wiki/Write-in_candidate" title="Write-in candidate">write-in candidates</a>. A facetious presidential candidate for 1968 was a pig named <a href="/wiki/Pigasus_(politics)" title="Pigasus (politics)">Pigasus</a>, as a political statement by the <a href="/wiki/Yippies" class="mw-redirect" title="Yippies">Yippies</a>, to illustrate their premise that "one pig's as good as any other".<sup id="cite_ref-Perlstein_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perlstein-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2013)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_election">General election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: General election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polling">Polling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Polling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 1968 United States presidential election">Nationwide opinion polling for the 1968 United States presidential election</a></div> <div class="floatright" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background-color: #f8f9fa; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0.2em;"> <div style="font-size:120%;"><b>Polling aggregates</b></div> <div style="font-size:105%;"><b>Candidates</b></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E81B23; color:black;"> </span> Richard Nixon</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#3333FF; color:white;"> </span> Hubert Humphrey</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Purple; color:white;"> </span> George Wallace</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Silver; color:black;"> </span> Undecided/Other</div> <div style="font-size:105%;"><b>Events</b></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:LightSteelBlue; color:black;"> </span> Conventions</div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th>Poll source </th> <th>Date </th> <th>Richard Nixon<br /><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Republican</span></small> </th> <th>Hubert Humphrey<br /><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">Democratic</span></small> </th> <th>George Wallace<br /><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">American Ind.</span></small> </th> <th>Undecided/Other </th> <th>Leading by<br />(<a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">points</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th><b>Election Results</b> </th> <td>November 5, 1968 </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>43.42%</b> </td> <td align="center">42.72% </td> <td align="center">13.53% </td> <td align="center">0.33% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center"><b>0.70</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Harris">Harris<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>November 4, 1968 </td> <td align="center">40% </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>43%</b> </td> <td align="center">13% </td> <td align="center">4% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center"><b>3</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Gallup">Gallup<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>November 4, 1968 </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>42%</b> </td> <td align="center">40% </td> <td align="center">14% </td> <td align="center">4% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center"><b>2</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Harris">Harris<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>November 1, 1968 </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>40%</b> </td> <td align="center">37% </td> <td align="center">16% </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center"><b>3</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Gallup">Gallup<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>October 24, 1968 </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>44%</b> </td> <td align="center">36% </td> <td align="center">15% </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center"><b>8</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Harris">Harris<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>October 18, 1968 </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>40%</b> </td> <td align="center">35% </td> <td align="center">18% </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center"><b>5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Gallup">Gallup<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>October 9, 1968 </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>44%</b> </td> <td align="center">29% </td> <td align="center">20% </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center"><b>8</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Gallup">Gallup<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>September 29, 1968 </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>43%</b> </td> <td align="center">28% </td> <td align="center">21% </td> <td align="center">8% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center"><b>15</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Harris">Harris<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>September 23, 1968 </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>39%</b> </td> <td align="center">31% </td> <td align="center">21% </td> <td align="center">9% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center"><b>8</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Gallup">Gallup<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>September 11, 1968 </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>43%</b> </td> <td align="center">31% </td> <td align="center">19% </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center"><b>12</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Harris">Harris<sup id="cite_ref-New_Harris_Poll_Puts_Nixon_On_Top_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Harris_Poll_Puts_Nixon_On_Top-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>August 27, 1968 </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>40%</b> </td> <td align="center">34% </td> <td align="center">17% </td> <td align="center">9% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center"><b>6</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Gallup">Gallup<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>August 21, 1968 </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>45%</b> </td> <td align="center">29% </td> <td align="center">18% </td> <td align="center">8% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center"><b>16</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Harris">Harris<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>July 31, 1968 </td> <td align="center">36% </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>41%</b> </td> <td align="center">16% </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center"><b>5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Crossley">Crossley<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>July 31, 1968 </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>39%</b> </td> <td align="center">36% </td> <td align="center">19% </td> <td align="center">6% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center"><b>3</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Gallup">Gallup<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>July 31, 1968 </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>40%</b> </td> <td align="center">38% </td> <td align="center">16% </td> <td align="center">6% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center"><b>2</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Harris">Harris<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-New_Harris_Poll_Puts_Nixon_On_Top_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Harris_Poll_Puts_Nixon_On_Top-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>July 20, 1968 </td> <td align="center">35% </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>37%</b> </td> <td align="center">17% </td> <td align="center">11% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center"><b>2</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Gallup">Gallup<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>July 11, 1968 </td> <td align="center">35% </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>40%</b> </td> <td align="center">16% </td> <td align="center">9% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center"><b>5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Harris">Harris<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>June 24, 1968 </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>-</b> </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center"><b>7</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Gallup">Gallup<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>June 23, 1968 </td> <td align="center">37% </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>42%</b> </td> <td align="center">14% </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center"><b>5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Gallup">Gallup<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>June 12, 1968 </td> <td align="center">36% </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>42%</b> </td> <td align="center">14% </td> <td align="center">8% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center"><b>6</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Harris">Harris<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>May 23, 1968 </td> <td align="center">37% </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>41%</b> </td> <td align="center">14% </td> <td align="center">8% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center"><b>4</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Gallup">Gallup<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>May 12, 1968 </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>39%</b> </td> <td align="center">36% </td> <td align="center">14% </td> <td align="center">11% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center"><b>3</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Harris">Harris<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>May 6, 1968 </td> <td align="center">36% </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>38%</b> </td> <td align="center">13% </td> <td align="center">13% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center"><b>2</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Gallup">Gallup<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>April 21, 1968 </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>43%</b> </td> <td align="center">34% </td> <td align="center">14% </td> <td align="center">9% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center"><b>9</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Harris">Harris<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>April 6, 1968 </td> <td align="center">34% </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>35%</b> </td> <td align="center">12% </td> <td align="center">19% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center"><b>1</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign_strategies">Campaign strategies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Campaign strategies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nixon developed a "<a href="/wiki/Southern_strategy" title="Southern strategy">Southern strategy</a>" that was designed to appeal to conservative white southerners, who had traditionally voted Democratic, but were opposed to Johnson and Humphrey's support for the <a href="/wiki/Civil_and_political_rights" title="Civil and political rights">civil rights</a> movement, as well as the rioting that had broken out in most large cities. Wallace, however, won over many of the voters Nixon targeted, effectively splitting that voting bloc. Wallace deliberately targeted many states he had little chance of carrying himself in the hope that by splitting as many votes with Nixon as possible he would give competitive states to Humphrey and, by extension, boost his own chances of denying both opponents an Electoral College majority.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since he was well behind Nixon in the polls as the campaign began, Humphrey opted for a slashing, fighting campaign style. He repeatedly – and unsuccessfully – challenged Nixon to a televised debate, and he often compared his campaign to the successful underdog effort of President <a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Truman">Harry Truman</a>, another Democrat who had trailed in the polls, in the 1948 presidential election. Humphrey predicted that he, like Truman, would surprise the experts and win an upset victory.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign_themes">Campaign themes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Campaign themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nixon campaigned on a theme to restore "<a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">law and order</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-hnn_greenberg_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hnn_greenberg-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which appealed to many voters angry with the hundreds of violent riots that had taken place across the country in the previous few years. Following the murder of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King</a> in April 1968, there was <a href="/wiki/King-assassination_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="King-assassination riots">massive rioting in inner city areas</a>. The police were overwhelmed and President Johnson decided to call out the U.S. Army. Nixon also opposed <a href="/wiki/Desegregation_busing" title="Desegregation busing">forced busing to desegregate schools</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-'70s_265_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-'70s_265-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proclaiming himself a supporter of civil rights, he recommended education as the solution rather than militancy. During the campaign, Nixon proposed government tax incentives to African Americans for small businesses and home improvements in their existing neighborhoods.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the campaign, Nixon also used as a theme his opposition to the decisions of Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a>, pledging to "remake the Supreme Court."<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many conservatives were critical of Chief Justice Warren for using the Supreme Court to promote liberal policies in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">civil liberties</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">separation of church and state</a>. Nixon promised that if he were elected president, he would appoint justices who would take a less-active role in creating social policy.<sup id="cite_ref-abe_fortas_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abe_fortas-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In another campaign promise, he pledged to end the <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">draft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-evans_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evans-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1960s, Nixon had been impressed by a paper he had read by Professor <a href="/wiki/Martin_Anderson_(economist)" title="Martin Anderson (economist)">Martin Anderson</a> of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>. Anderson had argued in the paper for an end to the draft and the creation of an all-volunteer army.<sup id="cite_ref-aitken_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aitken-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nixon also saw ending the draft as an effective way to undermine the <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Vietnam_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to the Vietnam War">anti-Vietnam war movement</a>, since he believed affluent college-age youths would stop protesting the war once their own possibility of having to fight in it was gone.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humphrey, meanwhile, promised to continue and expand the <a href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a> welfare programs started by President Johnson, and to continue the Johnson Administration's "<a href="/wiki/War_on_poverty" title="War on poverty">War on poverty</a>". He also promised to continue the efforts of presidents Kennedy and Johnson, and the Supreme Court, in promoting the expansion of civil rights and civil liberties for minority groups. However, Humphrey also felt constrained for most of his campaign in voicing any opposition to the Vietnam War policies of President Johnson, due to his fear that Johnson would reject any peace proposals he made and undermine his campaign. As a result, early in his campaign Humphrey often found himself the target of anti-war protestors, some of whom heckled and disrupted his campaign rallies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Humphrey's_comeback_and_the_October_surprise"><span id="Humphrey.27s_comeback_and_the_October_surprise"></span>Humphrey's comeback and the October surprise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Humphrey's comeback and the October surprise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the Democratic Convention in late August, Humphrey trailed Nixon by double digits in most <a href="/wiki/Historical_polling_for_U.S._Presidential_elections#1968_United_States_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical polling for U.S. Presidential elections">polls</a>, and his chances seemed hopeless. Many within Humphrey's campaign saw their real goal as avoiding the potential humiliation of finishing behind Wallace in the electoral college vote (if not necessarily the popular vote), rather than having any serious chance of defeating Nixon. According to <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine, "The old Democratic coalition was disintegrating, with untold numbers of blue-collar workers responding to Wallace's blandishments, Negroes threatening to sit out the election, liberals disaffected over the Vietnam War, the South lost. The war chest was almost empty, and the party's machinery, neglected by Lyndon Johnson, creaked in disrepair."<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Calling for "the politics of joy", and using the still-powerful <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">labor unions</a> as his base, Humphrey fought back. To distance himself from Johnson, and to take advantage of the Democratic plurality in voter registration, Humphrey stopped being identified in ads as "Vice-President Hubert Humphrey", instead being labelled "Democratic candidate Hubert Humphrey". </p><p>Humphrey attacked Wallace as a racist bigot who appealed to the darker impulses of Americans. Wallace had been rising in the polls as a result of tailoring his message to audiences outside of his southern strongholds by using anti-establishment rhetoric and attacks on "concentrated wealth", with Wallace's polling numbers peaking at 21% nationally in late September and early October. However, Wallace's momentum went into reverse after he selected <a href="/wiki/Curtis_LeMay" title="Curtis LeMay">Curtis LeMay</a> as his running mate. Curtis LeMay's suggestion of using tactical nuclear weapons in Vietnam conjured up the worst memories of the <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_presidential_campaign,_1964" class="mw-redirect" title="Barry Goldwater presidential campaign, 1964">1964 Goldwater campaign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerlstein2008_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerlstein2008-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Labor unions also undertook a major effort to win back union members who were supporting Wallace, with some substantial success. Polling numbers that had showed Wallace winning almost one-half of union members in the summer of 1968 went increasingly into sharp decline as the election campaign progressed into the fall up to early November election day. As election day approached and Wallace's support in the North, Midwest and West began to wane, Humphrey finally began to climb in the polls. </p><p>In October, Humphrey—who was rising sharply in the polls due to the sharp decline of the Wallace polling—began to distance himself publicly from the Johnson administration on the Vietnam War, calling for a bombing halt. The key turning point for Humphrey's campaign came when President Johnson officially announced a bombing halt, and even a possible peace deal, the weekend before the election. The "Halloween Peace" gave Humphrey's campaign a badly needed boost. In addition, Senator Eugene McCarthy finally endorsed a vote for Humphrey in late October after previously refusing to do so, and by election day the polls were reporting a dead heat.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Possible_sabotage_of_peace_talks">Possible sabotage of peace talks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Possible sabotage of peace talks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Nixon campaign had anticipated a possible "<a href="/wiki/October_surprise" title="October surprise">October surprise</a>", a peace agreement produced by the Paris negotiations; as such an agreement would be a boost to Humphrey, Nixon thwarted any last-minute chances of a "Halloween Peace". Nixon told campaign aide and his future <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a> <a href="/wiki/H._R._Haldeman" title="H. R. Haldeman">H. R. Haldeman</a> to put a "monkey wrench" into an early end to the war.<sup id="cite_ref-PBaker_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PBaker-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson was enraged and said that Nixon had "blood on his hands", and that <a href="/wiki/Senate_Minority_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Minority Leader">Senate Minority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Everett Dirksen</a> agreed with Johnson that such action was "treason".<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Defense Secretary <a href="/wiki/Clark_Clifford" title="Clark Clifford">Clark Clifford</a> considered the moves an illegal violation of the <a href="/wiki/Logan_Act" title="Logan Act">Logan Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A former director of the Nixon Library called it a "covert action" which "laid the skulduggery of his presidency".<sup id="cite_ref-PBaker_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PBaker-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bryce_Harlow" title="Bryce Harlow">Bryce Harlow</a>, former Eisenhower White House staff member, claimed to have "a double agent working in the White House... I kept Nixon informed." Harlow and Nixon's future <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">National Security Advisor</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a>, who was friendly with both campaigns and guaranteed a job in either a Humphrey or Nixon administration, separately predicted Johnson's "bombing halt": "The word is out that we are making an effort to throw the election to Humphrey. Nixon has been told of it", Democratic senator George Smathers informed Johnson.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nixon asked <a href="/wiki/Anna_Chennault" title="Anna Chennault">Anna Chennault</a> to be his "channel to Mr. <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Thi%E1%BB%87u" title="Nguyễn Văn Thiệu">Thieu</a>" to advise him to refuse participation in the talks, in what is sometimes described as the "Anna Chennault Affair".<sup id="cite_ref-history.state.gov_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history.state.gov-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thieu was promised a better deal under a Nixon administration.<sup id="cite_ref-Chanoff_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chanoff-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history.state.gov_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history.state.gov-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chennault agreed and periodically reported to <a href="/wiki/John_N._Mitchell" title="John N. Mitchell">John Mitchell</a> that Thieu had no intention of attending a peace conference. On November 2, Chennault informed <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B9i_Di%E1%BB%85m" title="Bùi Diễm">Bùi Diễm</a>, the South Vietnamese ambassador: "I have just heard from my boss in Albuquerque who says his boss [Nixon] is going to win. And you tell your boss [Thieu] to hold on a while longer."<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, Chennault admitted that, "I was constantly in touch with Nixon and Mitchell".<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The effort also involved Texas Senator <a href="/wiki/John_Tower" title="John Tower">John Tower</a> and Kissinger, who traveled to Paris on behalf of the Nixon campaign. <a href="/wiki/William_Bundy" title="William Bundy">William Bundy</a> stated that Kissinger obtained "no useful inside information" from his trip to Paris, and "almost any experienced Hanoi watcher might have come to the same conclusion". While Kissinger may have "hinted that his advice was based on contacts with the Paris delegation", this sort of "self-promotion ... is at worst a minor and not uncommon practice, quite different from getting and reporting real secrets".<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnson learned of the Nixon-Chennault effort because the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">NSA</a> was intercepting communications in Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, Johnson ordered NSA surveillance of Chennault and wire-tapped the South Vietnamese embassy and members of the Nixon campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did not leak the information to the public because he did not want to "shock America" with the revelation,<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nor reveal that the NSA was intercepting communications in Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCTreason_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCTreason-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson did make information available to Humphrey, but at this point Humphrey thought he was going to win the election, so he did not reveal the information to the public. Humphrey later regretted this as a mistake.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The South Vietnamese government withdrew from peace negotiations, and Nixon publicly offered to go to Saigon to help the negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A promising "peace bump" ended up in "shambles" for the Democratic Party.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCTreason_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCTreason-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The claim of sabotage of peace talks between the United States and South Vietnam from Nixon has been disputed by historian <a href="/wiki/Luke_Nichter" title="Luke Nichter">Luke Nichter</a> in his 2023 book <i>The Year That Broke Politics: Collusion and Chaos in the Presidential Election of 1968</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election">Election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The election on November 5, 1968, proved to be extremely close, and it was not until the following morning that the television news networks were able to declare Nixon the winner. The key states proved to be California, Ohio, and Illinois, all of which Nixon won by three percentage points or less. Had Humphrey carried all three of these states, he would have won the election. Had he carried only two of them or just California among them, George Wallace would have succeeded in his aim of preventing an electoral college majority for any candidate, and the decision would have been given to the House of Representatives, at the time controlled by the Democratic Party. Nixon won the popular vote with a plurality of 512,000 votes, or a victory margin of about one percentage point. In the electoral college Nixon's victory was larger, as he carried 32 states with 301 electoral votes, compared to Humphrey's 13 states and 191 electoral votes and Wallace's five states and 46 electoral votes.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Richard Nixon was able to win the Electoral College, dominating several regions in the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upland_South" title="Upland South">Upland South</a>, and portions of the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a>, while winning the popular vote by a relatively small 511,944 votes over Democratic nominee <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a>. Democratic nominee Hubert Humphrey performed relatively well in the Northeast and Upper Midwest. Wallace finished last with five states in the <a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep South</a>; he is the most recent <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (United States)">third-party</a> candidate to win any states.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the first time that the Republican popular vote margin was under 5 points since <a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election" title="1896 United States presidential election">1896</a>. </p><p>Out of all the states that Nixon had previously carried in 1960, Maine and Washington were the only two states that did not vote for Nixon again in 1968, although Nixon would carry them four years later during his re-election campaign in 1972. He also carried eight states that voted for John F. Kennedy in 1960: Illinois, New Jersey, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Mexico, Nevada and Delaware. This was the last time until 1988 that the state of Washington voted Democratic and until 1992 that Connecticut, Maine, and Michigan voted Democratic in the general election. Nixon was also the last Republican candidate to win a presidential election without carrying Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. This is the first time which the Republican candidate captured the White House without carrying Michigan, Minnesota, Maine and Pennsylvania. He would be the last Republican candidate to carry Minnesota (four years later, in 1972), as of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is also the first time since 1916 that Minnesota voted for the candidate who did not eventually win.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Remarkably, Nixon won the election despite winning only two of the six states (<a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>) won by Republican Barry Goldwater four years earlier. He remains the only presidential candidate to win in spite of defending such a low number of his own party's states. All of the remaining four States carried by Goldwater were carried by Wallace in 1968. They would be won by Nixon in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_120-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_121-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four of the fives states won by Wallace had voted for Goldwater.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the 3,130 counties/districts/independent cities making returns, Nixon won in 1,859 (59.39%) while Humphrey carried 693 (22.14%). Wallace was victorious in 578 counties (18.47%), all of which (with one exception of <a href="/wiki/Pemiscot_County,_Missouri" title="Pemiscot County, Missouri">Pemiscot County, Missouri</a>) were located in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_120-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nixon said that Humphrey left a gracious message congratulating him, noting, "I know exactly how he felt. I know how it feels to <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">lose a close one</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-1968_Year_In_Review,_UPI.com_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1968_Year_In_Review,_UPI.com-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/PresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/400px-PresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="400" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/PresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/600px-PresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/PresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/800px-PresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a><figcaption>Election results by county.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:Blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:Lime; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a></div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1968_Presidential_Election,_Results_by_Congressional_District.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/1968_Presidential_Election%2C_Results_by_Congressional_District.png/250px-1968_Presidential_Election%2C_Results_by_Congressional_District.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/1968_Presidential_Election%2C_Results_by_Congressional_District.png/375px-1968_Presidential_Election%2C_Results_by_Congressional_District.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/1968_Presidential_Election%2C_Results_by_Congressional_District.png/500px-1968_Presidential_Election%2C_Results_by_Congressional_District.png 2x" data-file-width="1514" data-file-height="982" /></a><figcaption>Results by congressional district.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nixon's victory is often considered a <a href="/wiki/Realigning_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Realigning election">realigning election</a> in American politics. From 1932 to 1964, the Democratic Party was undoubtedly the majority party, winning seven out of nine presidential elections, and their agenda influenced policies undertaken by the Republican <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower administration">Eisenhower administration</a>. The 1968 election reversed the situation completely. From 1968 until 2004, Republicans won seven out of ten presidential elections, and its policies demonstrably affected those enacted by the Democratic <a href="/wiki/Clinton_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton administration">Clinton administration</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_121-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The election was a seismic event in the long-term realignment in Democratic Party support, especially in the South.<sup id="cite_ref-Misunderstanding_the_Southern_Realignment_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misunderstanding_the_Southern_Realignment-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nationwide, the bitter splits over civil rights, the new left, the Vietnam War, and other "culture wars" were slow to heal. Democrats could no longer count on white Southern support for the presidency, as Republicans made major gains in suburban areas and areas filled with Northern migrants.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rural Democratic "<a href="/wiki/Courthouse_clique" title="Courthouse clique">courthouse cliques</a>" in the South lost power. While Democrats controlled local and state politics in the South, Republicans usually won the presidential vote. Some estimates suggest that Humphrey won less than ten percent of the white vote in the former Confederacy,<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although other sources have placed this figure closer to twenty percent.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, there is little doubt that a majority of Humphreyʼs support in the former Confederacy came from black voters, who were now voting in full force. From 1968 until 2004, only two Democrats were elected president, both native Southerners – <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> of Georgia and Bill Clinton of Arkansas. Not until 2008 did a Northern Democrat, <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> of Illinois, again win a presidential election. In 2020, another Northern Democrat, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> of Delaware, won a presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_121-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another important result of this election was that it led to several reforms in how the Democratic Party chose its presidential nominees. In 1969, the <a href="/wiki/McGovern%E2%80%93Fraser_Commission" title="McGovern–Fraser Commission">McGovern–Fraser Commission</a> adopted a set of rules for the states to follow in selecting convention delegates. These rules reduced the influence of party leaders on the nominating process and provided greater representation for minorities, women, and youth. The reforms led most states to adopt laws requiring primary elections, instead of party leaders, to choose delegates.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1968, the only way to win the party's presidential nomination became through the primary process; Humphrey turned out to be the last nominee of either major party until <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> in <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a> to win his party's nomination without having directly competed in the primaries. This remained <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">until 2024</a> the most recent presidential election in which the incumbent president was not nominated for a presidential term despite being eligible. It is also the last election in which any third-party candidate won an entire state's electoral votes, with Wallace carrying five states.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_121-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is one of two times in American history that a former vice president and an incumbent vice president were major party nominees, after 1800. As of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, this is the last time that all 50 states and the District of Columbia would vote under a winner-take-all system. Maine would begin allocating its electoral votes by congressional district in <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maine" title="1972 United States presidential election in Maine">1972</a> and Nebraska would begin doing the same in <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nebraska" title="1992 United States presidential election in Nebraska">1992</a>. </p><p>This election was the last time until 1992 that the Democratic nominee won Connecticut, Maine, and Michigan and the last until 1988 that Washington voted Democratic, and the last time a Republican won the presidency without winning Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_121-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also the first time since 1888 that <a href="/wiki/Bellwether" title="Bellwether">bellwether</a> <a href="/wiki/Co%C3%B6s_County,_New_Hampshire" title="Coös County, New Hampshire">Coös County, New Hampshire</a> did not support the winning candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nixon became the first Republican to win without Minnesota, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Maine. Minnesota had not voted for the losing candidate since 1916. This is the only election where Alabama and Arkansas voted for Independent candidate while Ohio voted Republican and West Virginia voted Democrat. </p><p>This was the first time since 1928 that North Carolina voted for a Republican, and the first since 1912 (only the second and final time since 1852) that Maine and Vermont did not support the same party. Similarly, it is the second of two times that Oregon and Washington did not support the same party since 1920 (the other being in 1948). By losing New York, Nixon became the third victorious candidate to lose his home state, which also occurred in 1844, 1916, and 2016. This election and 1916 are the only times a winning presidential and vice-presidential each lost their home states. </p><p>Despite the narrow (0.7%) difference in the popular vote, Humphrey took only 35.5% of the electoral vote. This disparity prompted the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)#1969-1970:_Bayh–Celler_amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">Bayh–Celler amendment</a> in Congress, which would have replaced the Electoral College with a direct election of the presidency. The effort was not successful and the Electoral College is still in force.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results_2">Results</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Electoral results </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Presidential candidate </th> <th rowspan="2">Party </th> <th rowspan="2">Home state </th> <th colspan="2">Popular vote </th> <th rowspan="2">Electoral<br />vote </th> <th colspan="3">Running mate </th></tr> <tr> <th>Count </th> <th>Percentage </th> <th>Vice-presidential candidate </th> <th>Home state </th> <th>Electoral vote </th></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a><sup id="cite_ref-California_1960_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-California_1960-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">31,783,783 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.42% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">301 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">301 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Democratic Party">Democratic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">31,271,839 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">42.72% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">191 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">191 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,901,118 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.53% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">46<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Curtis_LeMay" title="Curtis LeMay">Curtis LeMay</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">46<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><b>Other</b> </td> <td>243,259 </td> <td>0.33% </td> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><b>Other</b> </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <td>73,199,999 </td> <td>100% </td> <td>538 </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>538 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th colspan="5">Needed to win </th> <td>270 </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>270 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Source (Popular Vote):</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLeip" class="citation web cs1">Leip, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=1968&f=0&off=0&elect=0">"1968 Presidential Election Results"</a>. <i>Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dave+Leip%27s+Atlas+of+U.S.+Presidential+Elections&rft.atitle=1968+Presidential+Election+Results&rft.aulast=Leip&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS%2Fnational.php%3Fyear%3D1968%26f%3D0%26off%3D0%26elect%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span> <b>Source (Electoral Vote):</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/electoral-college/1968#certificates">"Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electoral+College+Box+Scores+1789%E2%80%931996&rft.pub=National+Archives+and+Records+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Felectoral-college%2F1968%23certificates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Popular vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><b>Nixon</b></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#E81B23; width:43.42%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">43.42%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Humphrey</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#3333FF; width:42.72%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">42.72%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Wallace</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#ff7f00; width:13.53%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">13.53%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#777777; width:0.33%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.33%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Electoral vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><b>Nixon</b></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#E81B23; width:55.95%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">55.95%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Humphrey</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#3333FF; width:35.50%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">35.50%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Wallace</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#ff7f00; width:8.55%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8.55%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geography_of_results">Geography of results</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Geography of results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1968_Electoral_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1968_Electoral_Map.png/650px-1968_Electoral_Map.png" decoding="async" width="650" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1968_Electoral_Map.png/975px-1968_Electoral_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/1968_Electoral_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="635" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1629px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 535px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 530px; height: 347px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1968_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote"><img alt="Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/1968_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg/500px-1968_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/1968_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg/750px-1968_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/1968_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg/1000px-1968_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="352" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 535px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 530px; height: 347px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1968_US_presidential_election_by_congressional_district.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Results by district, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote"><img alt="Results by district, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/1968_US_presidential_election_by_congressional_district.svg/500px-1968_US_presidential_election_by_congressional_district.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/1968_US_presidential_election_by_congressional_district.svg/750px-1968_US_presidential_election_by_congressional_district.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/1968_US_presidential_election_by_congressional_district.svg/1000px-1968_US_presidential_election_by_congressional_district.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="506" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results by district, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cartographic_gallery">Cartographic gallery</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Cartographic gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1140px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 215px; height: 143px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Presidential election results by county"><img alt="Presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/PresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/185px-PresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="185" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/PresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/278px-PresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/PresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/370px-PresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Presidential election results by county</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 215px; height: 143px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RepublicanPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Republican presidential election results by county"><img alt="Republican presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/RepublicanPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/185px-RepublicanPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="185" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/RepublicanPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/278px-RepublicanPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/RepublicanPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/370px-RepublicanPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Republican presidential election results by county</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 215px; height: 143px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DemocraticPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Democratic presidential election results by county"><img alt="Democratic presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/DemocraticPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/185px-DemocraticPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="185" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/DemocraticPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/278px-DemocraticPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/DemocraticPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/370px-DemocraticPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Democratic presidential election results by county</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 215px; height: 143px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AmericanIndependentPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="American Independent presidential election results by county"><img alt="American Independent presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/AmericanIndependentPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/185px-AmericanIndependentPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="185" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/AmericanIndependentPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/278px-AmericanIndependentPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/AmericanIndependentPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/370px-AmericanIndependentPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">American Independent presidential election results by county</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 215px; height: 143px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OtherPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title=""Other" presidential election results by county"><img alt=""Other" presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/OtherPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/185px-OtherPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="185" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/OtherPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/278px-OtherPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/OtherPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/370px-OtherPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Other" presidential election results by county</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 215px; height: 143px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CartogramPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Cartogram of presidential election results by county"><img alt="Cartogram of presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/CartogramPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/185px-CartogramPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="185" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/CartogramPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/278px-CartogramPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/CartogramPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/370px-CartogramPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cartogram" title="Cartogram">Cartogram</a> of presidential election results by county</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 215px; height: 143px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Cartogram of Republican presidential election results by county"><img alt="Cartogram of Republican presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/185px-CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="185" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/278px-CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/370px-CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cartogram" title="Cartogram">Cartogram</a> of Republican presidential election results by county</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 215px; height: 143px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Cartogram of Democratic presidential election results by county"><img alt="Cartogram of Democratic presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/185px-CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="185" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/278px-CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/370px-CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cartogram" title="Cartogram">Cartogram</a> of Democratic presidential election results by county</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 215px; height: 143px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CartogramAmericanIndependentPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Cartogram of American Independent presidential election results by county"><img alt="Cartogram of American Independent presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/CartogramAmericanIndependentPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/185px-CartogramAmericanIndependentPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="185" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/CartogramAmericanIndependentPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/278px-CartogramAmericanIndependentPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/CartogramAmericanIndependentPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/370px-CartogramAmericanIndependentPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cartogram" title="Cartogram">Cartogram</a> of American Independent presidential election results by county</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 215px; height: 143px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Cartogram of "Other" presidential election results by county"><img alt="Cartogram of "Other" presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/185px-CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="185" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/278px-CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif/370px-CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1968Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cartogram" title="Cartogram">Cartogram</a> of "Other" presidential election results by county</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results_by_state">Results by state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Results by state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Source:<sup id="cite_ref-auto_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable-sortable"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td>States/districts won by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Agnew</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td>States/districts won by <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a>/<a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Muskie</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#D99FE8"> <td>States/districts won by <a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">Wallace</a>/<a href="/wiki/Curtis_LeMay" title="Curtis LeMay">LeMay</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="overflow:auto"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">Richard Nixon<br />Republican </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">Hubert H. Humphrey<br />Democratic </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">George Wallace<br />American Independent </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">Margin </th> <th>Margin<br />swing<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">State Total </th></tr> <tr> <th align="center">State </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number">electoral<br />votes </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number">electoral<br />votes </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number">electoral<br />votes </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number">electoral<br />votes </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th>% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number"># </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#D99FE8"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alabama" title="1968 United States presidential election in Alabama">Alabama</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td> <td>146,923 </td> <td>13.99 </td> <td>- </td> <td>196,579 </td> <td>18.72 </td> <td>- </td> <td>691,425 </td> <td>65.86 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>-494,846 </td> <td>-47.13 </td> <td>-83.8% </td> <td>1,049,917 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">AL </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alaska" title="1968 United States presidential election in Alaska">Alaska</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>37,600 </td> <td>45.28 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>35,411 </td> <td>42.65 </td> <td>- </td> <td>10,024 </td> <td>12.07 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,189 </td> <td>2.64 </td> <td>34.5% </td> <td>83,035 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">AK </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arizona" title="1968 United States presidential election in Arizona">Arizona</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td> <td>266,721 </td> <td>54.78 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>170,514 </td> <td>35.02 </td> <td>- </td> <td>46,573 </td> <td>9.56 </td> <td>- </td> <td>96,207 </td> <td>19.76 </td> <td>18.8% </td> <td>486,936 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">AZ </td></tr> <tr style="background:#D99FE8"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arkansas" title="1968 United States presidential election in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td> <td>189,062 </td> <td>31.01 </td> <td>- </td> <td>184,901 </td> <td>30.33 </td> <td>- </td> <td>235,627 </td> <td>38.65 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>-46,565 </td> <td>-7.64 </td> <td>13.1% </td> <td>609,590 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">AR </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" title="1968 United States presidential election in California">California</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">40 </td> <td>3,467,664 </td> <td>47.82 </td> <td>40 </td> <td>3,244,318 </td> <td>44.74 </td> <td>- </td> <td>487,270 </td> <td>6.72 </td> <td>- </td> <td>223,346 </td> <td>3.08 </td> <td>21.4% </td> <td>7,251,587 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">CA </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Colorado" title="1968 United States presidential election in Colorado">Colorado</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td> <td>409,345 </td> <td>50.46 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>335,174 </td> <td>41.32 </td> <td>- </td> <td>60,813 </td> <td>7.50 </td> <td>- </td> <td>74,171 </td> <td>9.14 </td> <td>32.2% </td> <td>811,199 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">CO </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" title="1968 United States presidential election in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td>556,721 </td> <td>44.32 </td> <td>- </td> <td>621,561 </td> <td>49.48 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>76,650 </td> <td>6.10 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-64,840 </td> <td>-5.16 </td> <td>29.5% </td> <td>1,256,232 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">CT </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" title="1968 United States presidential election in Delaware">Delaware</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>96,714 </td> <td>45.12 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>89,194 </td> <td>41.61 </td> <td>- </td> <td>28,459 </td> <td>13.28 </td> <td>- </td> <td>7,520 </td> <td>3.51 </td> <td>25.7% </td> <td>214,367 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">DE </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="1968 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia">D.C.</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>31,012 </td> <td>18.18 </td> <td>- </td> <td>139,566 </td> <td>81.82 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>-108,554 </td> <td>-63.64 </td> <td>7.4% </td> <td>170,578 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">DC </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida" title="1968 United States presidential election in Florida">Florida</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">14 </td> <td>886,804 </td> <td>40.53 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>676,794 </td> <td>30.93 </td> <td>- </td> <td>624,207 </td> <td>28.53 </td> <td>- </td> <td>210,010 </td> <td>9.60 </td> <td>11.9% </td> <td>2,187,805 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">FL </td></tr> <tr style="background:#D99FE8"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia" title="1968 United States presidential election in Georgia">Georgia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12 </td> <td>380,111 </td> <td>30.40 </td> <td>- </td> <td>334,440 </td> <td>26.75 </td> <td>- </td> <td>535,550 </td> <td>42.83 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>-155,439 </td> <td>-12.43 </td> <td>-11.9% </td> <td>1,250,266 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">GA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Hawaii" title="1968 United States presidential election in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>91,425 </td> <td>38.70 </td> <td>- </td> <td>141,324 </td> <td>59.83 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3,469 </td> <td>1.47 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-49,899 </td> <td>-21.12 </td> <td>36.4% </td> <td>236,218 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">HI </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1968 United States presidential election in Idaho">Idaho</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>165,369 </td> <td>56.79 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>89,273 </td> <td>30.66 </td> <td>- </td> <td>36,541 </td> <td>12.55 </td> <td>- </td> <td>76,096 </td> <td>26.13 </td> <td>28.0% </td> <td>291,183 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ID </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Illinois" title="1968 United States presidential election in Illinois">Illinois</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">26 </td> <td>2,174,774 </td> <td>47.08 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>2,039,814 </td> <td>44.15 </td> <td>- </td> <td>390,958 </td> <td>8.46 </td> <td>- </td> <td>134,960 </td> <td>2.92 </td> <td>21.9% </td> <td>4,619,749 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">IL </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Indiana" title="1968 United States presidential election in Indiana">Indiana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13 </td> <td>1,067,885 </td> <td>50.29 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>806,659 </td> <td>37.99 </td> <td>- </td> <td>243,108 </td> <td>11.45 </td> <td>- </td> <td>261,226 </td> <td>12.30 </td> <td>24.7% </td> <td>2,123,597 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">IN </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Iowa" title="1968 United States presidential election in Iowa">Iowa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 </td> <td>619,106 </td> <td>53.01 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>476,699 </td> <td>40.82 </td> <td>- </td> <td>66,422 </td> <td>5.69 </td> <td>- </td> <td>142,407 </td> <td>12.19 </td> <td>36.2% </td> <td>1,167,931 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">IA </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kansas" title="1968 United States presidential election in Kansas">Kansas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td> <td>478,674 </td> <td>54.84 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>302,996 </td> <td>34.72 </td> <td>- </td> <td>88,921 </td> <td>10.19 </td> <td>- </td> <td>175,678 </td> <td>20.13 </td> <td>29.2% </td> <td>872,783 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">KS </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kentucky" title="1968 United States presidential election in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 </td> <td>462,411 </td> <td>43.79 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>397,541 </td> <td>37.65 </td> <td>- </td> <td>193,098 </td> <td>18.29 </td> <td>- </td> <td>64,870 </td> <td>6.14 </td> <td>34.5% </td> <td>1,055,893 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">KY </td></tr> <tr style="background:#D99FE8"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Louisiana" title="1968 United States presidential election in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td> <td>257,535 </td> <td>23.47 </td> <td>- </td> <td>309,615 </td> <td>28.21 </td> <td>- </td> <td>530,300 </td> <td>48.32 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>-220,685 </td> <td>-20.11 </td> <td>-18.4% </td> <td>1,097,450 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">LA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maine" title="1968 United States presidential election in Maine">Maine</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>169,254 </td> <td>43.07 </td> <td>- </td> <td>217,312 </td> <td>55.30 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>6,370 </td> <td>1.62 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-48,058 </td> <td>-12.23 </td> <td>25.4% </td> <td>392,936 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ME </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" title="1968 United States presidential election in Maryland">Maryland</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td> <td>517,995 </td> <td>41.94 </td> <td>- </td> <td>538,310 </td> <td>43.59 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>178,734 </td> <td>14.47 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-20,315 </td> <td>-1.64 </td> <td>29.3% </td> <td>1,235,039 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MD </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1968 United States presidential election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">14 </td> <td>766,844 </td> <td>32.89 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,469,218 </td> <td>63.01 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>87,088 </td> <td>3.73 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-702,374 </td> <td>-30.12 </td> <td>22.6% </td> <td>2,331,752 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan" title="1968 United States presidential election in Michigan">Michigan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">21 </td> <td>1,370,665 </td> <td>41.46 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,593,082 </td> <td>48.18 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>331,968 </td> <td>10.04 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-222,417 </td> <td>-6.73 </td> <td>26.9% </td> <td>3,306,250 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MI </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Minnesota" title="1968 United States presidential election in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td> <td>658,643 </td> <td>41.46 </td> <td>- </td> <td>857,738 </td> <td>54.00 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>68,931 </td> <td>4.34 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-199,095 </td> <td>-12.53 </td> <td>15.2% </td> <td>1,588,510 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MN </td></tr> <tr style="background:#D99FE8"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Mississippi" title="1968 United States presidential election in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td> <td>88,516 </td> <td>13.52 </td> <td>- </td> <td>150,644 </td> <td>23.02 </td> <td>- </td> <td>415,349 </td> <td>63.46 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>-264,705 </td> <td>-40.44 </td> <td>-4.7% </td> <td>654,509 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MS </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1968 United States presidential election in Missouri">Missouri</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12 </td> <td>811,932 </td> <td>44.87 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>791,444 </td> <td>43.74 </td> <td>- </td> <td>206,126 </td> <td>11.39 </td> <td>- </td> <td>20,488 </td> <td>1.13 </td> <td>29.2% </td> <td>1,809,502 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MO </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Montana" title="1968 United States presidential election in Montana">Montana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>138,835 </td> <td>50.60 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>114,117 </td> <td>41.59 </td> <td>- </td> <td>20,015 </td> <td>7.29 </td> <td>- </td> <td>24,718 </td> <td>9.01 </td> <td>27.4% </td> <td>274,404 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MT </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nebraska" title="1968 United States presidential election in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td> <td>321,163 </td> <td>59.82 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>170,784 </td> <td>31.81 </td> <td>- </td> <td>44,904 </td> <td>8.36 </td> <td>- </td> <td>150,379 </td> <td>28.01 </td> <td>33.2% </td> <td>536,851 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NE </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nevada" title="1968 United States presidential election in Nevada">Nevada</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>73,188 </td> <td>47.46 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>60,598 </td> <td>39.29 </td> <td>- </td> <td>20,432 </td> <td>13.25 </td> <td>- </td> <td>12,590 </td> <td>8.16 </td> <td>25.3% </td> <td>154,218 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NV </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="1968 United States presidential election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>154,903 </td> <td>52.10 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>130,589 </td> <td>43.93 </td> <td>- </td> <td>11,173 </td> <td>3.76 </td> <td>- </td> <td>24,314 </td> <td>8.18 </td> <td>36.0% </td> <td>297,298 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NH </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" title="1968 United States presidential election in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">17 </td> <td>1,325,467 </td> <td>46.10 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>1,264,206 </td> <td>43.97 </td> <td>- </td> <td>262,187 </td> <td>9.12 </td> <td>- </td> <td>61,261 </td> <td>2.13 </td> <td>33.9% </td> <td>2,875,395 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NJ </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1968 United States presidential election in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>169,692 </td> <td>51.85 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>130,081 </td> <td>39.75 </td> <td>- </td> <td>25,737 </td> <td>7.86 </td> <td>- </td> <td>39,611 </td> <td>12.10 </td> <td>31.1% </td> <td>327,281 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NM </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1968 United States presidential election in New York">New York</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">43 </td> <td>3,007,932 </td> <td>44.30 </td> <td>- </td> <td>3,378,470 </td> <td>49.76 </td> <td>43 </td> <td>358,864 </td> <td>5.29 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-370,538 </td> <td>-5.46 </td> <td>31.8% </td> <td>6,790,066 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NY </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Carolina" title="1968 United States presidential election in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13 </td> <td>627,192 </td> <td>39.51 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>464,113 </td> <td>29.24 </td> <td>- </td> <td>496,188 </td> <td>31.26 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>131,004 </td> <td>8.25 </td> <td>20.6% </td> <td>1,587,493 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NC </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1968 United States presidential election in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>138,669 </td> <td>55.94 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>94,769 </td> <td>38.23 </td> <td>- </td> <td>14,244 </td> <td>5.75 </td> <td>- </td> <td>43,900 </td> <td>17.71 </td> <td>33.8% </td> <td>247,882 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ND </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="1968 United States presidential election in Ohio">Ohio</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">26 </td> <td>1,791,014 </td> <td>45.23 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>1,700,586 </td> <td>42.95 </td> <td>- </td> <td>467,495 </td> <td>11.81 </td> <td>- </td> <td>90,428 </td> <td>2.28 </td> <td>28.2% </td> <td>3,959,698 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">OH </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oklahoma" title="1968 United States presidential election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td>449,697 </td> <td>47.68 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>301,658 </td> <td>31.99 </td> <td>- </td> <td>191,731 </td> <td>20.33 </td> <td>- </td> <td>148,039 </td> <td>15.70 </td> <td>27.2% </td> <td>943,086 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">OK </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oregon" title="1968 United States presidential election in Oregon">Oregon</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td> <td>408,433 </td> <td>49.83 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>358,866 </td> <td>43.78 </td> <td>- </td> <td>49,683 </td> <td>6.06 </td> <td>- </td> <td>49,567 </td> <td>6.05 </td> <td>33.8% </td> <td>819,622 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">OR </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1968 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">29 </td> <td>2,090,017 </td> <td>44.02 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,259,405 </td> <td>47.59 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>378,582 </td> <td>7.97 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-169,388 </td> <td>-3.57 </td> <td>26.6% </td> <td>4,747,928 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">PA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island" title="1968 United States presidential election in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>122,359 </td> <td>31.78 </td> <td>- </td> <td>246,518 </td> <td>64.03 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>15,678 </td> <td>4.07 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-124,159 </td> <td>-32.25 </td> <td>29.5% </td> <td>385,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">RI </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1968 United States presidential election in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td>254,062 </td> <td>38.09 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>197,486 </td> <td>29.61 </td> <td>- </td> <td>215,430 </td> <td>32.30 </td> <td>- </td> <td>38,632 </td> <td>5.79 </td> <td>-12.0% </td> <td>666,982 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">SC </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Dakota" title="1968 United States presidential election in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>149,841 </td> <td>53.27 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>118,023 </td> <td>41.96 </td> <td>- </td> <td>13,400 </td> <td>4.76 </td> <td>- </td> <td>31,818 </td> <td>11.31 </td> <td>22.5% </td> <td>281,264 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">SD </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Tennessee" title="1968 United States presidential election in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">11 </td> <td>472,592 </td> <td>37.85 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>351,233 </td> <td>28.13 </td> <td>- </td> <td>424,792 </td> <td>34.02 </td> <td>- </td> <td>47,800 </td> <td>3.83 </td> <td>14.8% </td> <td>1,248,617 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">TN </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1968 United States presidential election in Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">25 </td> <td>1,227,844 </td> <td>39.87 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,266,804 </td> <td>41.14 </td> <td>25 </td> <td>584,269 </td> <td>18.97 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-38,960 </td> <td>-1.27 </td> <td>25.6% </td> <td>3,079,406 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">TX </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah" title="1968 United States presidential election in Utah">Utah</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>238,728 </td> <td>56.49 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>156,665 </td> <td>37.07 </td> <td>- </td> <td>26,906 </td> <td>6.37 </td> <td>- </td> <td>82,063 </td> <td>19.42 </td> <td>29.1% </td> <td>422,568 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">UT </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont" title="1968 United States presidential election in Vermont">Vermont</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>85,142 </td> <td>52.75 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>70,255 </td> <td>43.53 </td> <td>- </td> <td>5,104 </td> <td>3.16 </td> <td>- </td> <td>14,887 </td> <td>9.22 </td> <td>41.8% </td> <td>161,404 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">VT </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1968 United States presidential election in Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12 </td> <td>590,319 </td> <td>43.36 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>442,387 </td> <td>32.49 </td> <td>- </td> <td>321,833 </td> <td>23.64 </td> <td>- </td> <td>147,932 </td> <td>10.87 </td> <td>18.2% </td> <td>1,361,491 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">VA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Washington_(state)" title="1968 United States presidential election in Washington (state)">Washington</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 </td> <td>588,510 </td> <td>45.12 </td> <td>- </td> <td>616,037 </td> <td>47.23 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>96,990 </td> <td>7.44 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-27,527 </td> <td>-2.11 </td> <td>22.5% </td> <td>1,304,281 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">WA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_West_Virginia" title="1968 United States presidential election in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td> <td>307,555 </td> <td>40.78 </td> <td>- </td> <td>374,091 </td> <td>49.60 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>72,560 </td> <td>9.62 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-66,536 </td> <td>-8.82 </td> <td>27.1% </td> <td>754,206 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">WV </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1968 United States presidential election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12 </td> <td>809,997 </td> <td>47.89 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>748,804 </td> <td>44.27 </td> <td>- </td> <td>127,835 </td> <td>7.56 </td> <td>- </td> <td>61,193 </td> <td>3.62 </td> <td>28.0% </td> <td>1,691,538 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">WI </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wyoming" title="1968 United States presidential election in Wyoming">Wyoming</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>70,927 </td> <td>55.76 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>45,173 </td> <td>35.51 </td> <td>- </td> <td>11,105 </td> <td>8.73 </td> <td>- </td> <td>25,754 </td> <td>20.25 </td> <td>33.4% </td> <td>127,205 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">WY </td></tr> <tr> <th>TOTALS: </th> <th>538 </th> <th>31,783,783 </th> <th>43.42 </th> <th>301 </th> <th>31,271,839 </th> <th>42.72 </th> <th>191 </th> <th>9,901,118 </th> <th>13.53 </th> <th>46 </th> <th>511,944 </th> <th>0.70 </th> <th>23.3% </th> <th>73,199,998 </th> <th style="text-align:center;">US </th></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_Republican">States that flipped from Democratic to Republican</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: States that flipped from Democratic to Republican"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="States_that_flipped_from_Republican_to_American_Independent">States that flipped from Republican to American Independent</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: States that flipped from Republican to American Independent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(US_state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia (US state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_American_Independent">States that flipped from Democratic to American Independent</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: States that flipped from Democratic to American Independent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Close_states">Close states</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Close states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>States where margin of victory was less than 5 percentage points (223 electoral votes): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 25%;"> <ol><li><span style="color:red;"><b>Missouri</b>, 1.13% (20,488 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:darkblue;"><b>Texas</b>, 1.27% (38,960 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:darkblue;"><b>Maryland</b>, 1.64% (20,315 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:darkblue;"><b>Washington</b>, 2.11% (27,527 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>New Jersey</b>, 2.13% (61,261 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Ohio</b>, 2.28% (90,428 votes)</span> (tipping point state for Nixon win)</li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Alaska</b>, 2.64% (2,189 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Illinois</b>, 2.92% (134,960 votes)</span> (tipping point state for Humphrey win)</li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>California</b>, 3.08% (223,346 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Delaware</b>, 3.51% (7,520 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:darkblue;"><b>Pennsylvania</b>, 3.57% (169,388 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Wisconsin</b>, 3.62% (61,193 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Tennessee</b>, 3.83% (47,800 votes)</span></li></ol> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>States where margin of victory was more than 5 percentage points, but less than 10 percentage points (155 electoral votes): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 25%;"> <ol><li><span style="color:red;"><b>Kentucky</b>, 5.14% (64,870 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:darkblue;"><b>Connecticut</b>, 5.16% (64,840 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:darkblue;"><b>New York</b>, 5.46% (370,538 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>South Carolina</b>, 5.79% (38,632 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Oregon</b>, 6.05% (49,567 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:darkblue;"><b>Michigan</b>, 6.73% (222,417 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:purple;"><b>Arkansas</b>, 7.64% (46,565 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Nevada</b>, 8.17% (12,590 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>New Hampshire</b>, 8.17% (24,314 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>North Carolina</b>, 8.25% (131,004 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:darkblue;"><b>West Virginia</b>, 8.82% (66,536 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Montana</b>, 9.01% (24,718 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Colorado</b>, 9.14% (74,171 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Vermont</b>, 9.22% (14,887 votes)</span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Florida</b>, 9.60% (210,010 votes)</span></li></ol> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Notes: In <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, Wallace was the official Democratic Party nominee, while Humphrey ran on the ticket of short-lived <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Alabama" title="National Democratic Party of Alabama">National Democratic Party of Alabama</a>, loyal to him as an official Democratic Party nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> one Nixon Elector cast his ballot for George Wallace (President) and Curtis LeMay (Vice President).<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Statistics">Statistics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-auto_137-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Republican) </p> <ol><li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/wiki/Hooker_County,_Nebraska" title="Hooker County, Nebraska">Hooker County, Nebraska</a> 87.94%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Kentucky" title="Jackson County, Kentucky">Jackson County, Kentucky</a> 84.09%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/wiki/McIntosh_County,_North_Dakota" title="McIntosh County, North Dakota">McIntosh County, North Dakota</a> 82.65%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/wiki/McPherson_County,_South_Dakota" title="McPherson County, South Dakota">McPherson County, South Dakota</a> 80.34%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/wiki/Sioux_County,_Iowa" title="Sioux County, Iowa">Sioux County, Iowa</a> 80.04%</span></b></li></ol> <p>Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Democratic) </p> <ol><li><b><span style="color:blue;"><a href="/wiki/Duval_County,_Texas" title="Duval County, Texas">Duval County, Texas</a> 88.74%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:blue;"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Hogg_County,_Texas" title="Jim Hogg County, Texas">Jim Hogg County, Texas</a> 82.06%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:blue;"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> 81.82%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:blue;"><a href="/wiki/Webb_County,_Texas" title="Webb County, Texas">Webb County, Texas</a> 79.65%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:blue;"><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Suffolk County, Massachusetts">Suffolk County, Massachusetts</a> 75.62%</span></b></li></ol> <p>Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (American Independent) </p> <ol><li><b><span style="color:purple;"><a href="/wiki/Geneva_County,_Alabama" title="Geneva County, Alabama">Geneva County, Alabama</a> 91.73%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:purple;"><a href="/wiki/George_County,_Mississippi" title="George County, Mississippi">George County, Mississippi</a> 91.20%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:purple;"><a href="/wiki/Lamar_County,_Alabama" title="Lamar County, Alabama">Lamar County, Alabama</a> 88.25%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:purple;"><a href="/wiki/Calhoun_County,_Mississippi" title="Calhoun County, Mississippi">Calhoun County, Mississippi</a> 87.80%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:purple;"><a href="/wiki/Holmes_County,_Florida" title="Holmes County, Florida">Holmes County, Florida</a> 87.21%</span></b></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_voter_demographics">National voter demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: National voter demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><b>The 1968 presidential vote by demographic subgroup</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>Humphrey </th> <th>Nixon </th> <th>Wallace </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Gender </th></tr> <tr> <td>Men </td> <td>41 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>43</b> </td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Women </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>45</b> </td> <td>43 </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><b>Age</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Under 30 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>47</b> </td> <td>38 </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30-49 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>44</b> </td> <td>41 </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>50 or Older </td> <td>41 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>47</b> </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Race </th></tr> <tr> <td>White </td> <td>38 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>47</b> </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Non-White </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>85</b> </td> <td>12 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Religion </th></tr> <tr> <td>Protestant </td> <td>35 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>49</b> </td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Catholic </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>59</b> </td> <td>33 </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Education </th></tr> <tr> <td>College </td> <td>42 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>54</b> </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>High School </td> <td>42 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>43</b> </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grade School </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>52</b> </td> <td>33 </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Occupation </th></tr> <tr> <td>Business </td> <td>34 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>56</b> </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>White Collar </td> <td>41 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>47</b> </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manual </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>50</b> </td> <td>35 </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Farmer </td> <td>29 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>51</b> </td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Party ID </th></tr> <tr> <td>Republican </td> <td>9 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>85</b> </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Democrat </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>74</b> </td> <td>12 </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Independent </td> <td>31 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>44</b> </td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Region </th></tr> <tr> <td>East </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>50</b> </td> <td>43 </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Midwest </td> <td>44 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>47</b> </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>South </td> <td>31 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>36</b> </td> <td>33 </td></tr> <tr> <td>West </td> <td>44 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>49</b> </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Union Status </th></tr> <tr> <td>Union Family </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>56</b> </td> <td>29 </td> <td>15 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">NBC sample precincts 1968 election </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>% Humphrey </th> <th>% Nixon </th> <th>% Wallace </th></tr> <tr> <td>High income urban </td> <td style="text-align:left;">32 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">63 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Middle income urban </td> <td style="text-align:left;">43 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">44 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Low income urban </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">69 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">19 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rural (all income) </td> <td style="text-align:left;">33 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">46 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhood" title="African-American neighborhood">African-American neighborhoods</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">94 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Italian neighborhoods </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">51 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">39 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Slavic neighborhoods </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">65 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">24 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jewish neighborhoods </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">81 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">17 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unionized neighborhoods </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">61 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">29 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">10 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Source:</b> <i>Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report.</i> "Group Analysis of the 1968 Presidential Vote" XXVI, No. 48 (November 1968), p. 3218. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voter_demographics_in_the_South">Voter demographics in the South</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Voter demographics in the South"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">NBC sample precincts 1968 election: South only </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>% Humphrey </th> <th>% Nixon </th> <th>% Wallace </th></tr> <tr> <td>Middle income urban neighborhoods </td> <td style="text-align:left;">28 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">40 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Low income urban neighborhoods </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">57 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">18 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rural (all income) </td> <td style="text-align:left;">29 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">30 </td> <td style="background:#D99FE8">41 </td></tr> <tr> <td>African-American neighborhoods </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">95 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hispanic neighborhoods </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">92 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Source:</b> <i>Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report.</i> "Group Analysis of the 1968 Presidential Vote", XXVI, No. 48 (November 1968), p. 3218. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estimated_voting_age_population">Estimated voting age population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Estimated voting age population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Out of the entire population, the US Census Bureau in October 1968 estimated that 121.5 million people would be eligible to vote which included those in the military regardless of whether they were serving domestically or abroad. When including the civilian and military population which were residing in the United States it was estimated to be 120 million people. With the civilian population it was estimated to be 118.5 million people would be eligible to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections">1968 United States House of Representatives elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1968 United States Senate elections">1968 United States Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1968 United States gubernatorial elections">1968 United States gubernatorial elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1964%E2%80%931980)" title="History of the United States (1964–1980)">History of the United States (1964–1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States Democratic Party">History of the United States Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States Republican Party">History of the United States Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">List of presidents of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Richard_Nixon" title="First inauguration of Richard Nixon">First inauguration of Richard Nixon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_H._White" title="Theodore H. White">White, Theodore H.</a> (1970). <i>The Making of the President 1968</i>. Pocket Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+President+1968&rft.pub=Pocket+Books&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Theodore+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-California_1960-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-California_1960_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-California_1960_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nixon's official state of residence was New York because he moved there to practice law after his defeat in the <a href="/wiki/1962_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1962 California gubernatorial election">1962 California gubernatorial election</a>. During his first term as president, Nixon re-established his residency in California. Consequently, most reliable reference books, including the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1969-pt1/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1969-pt1-2-1.pdf">January 6, 1969, edition of the <i>Congressional Record</i></a>, list his home state as New York.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pledged-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pledged_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pledged_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">In state-by-state tallies, Nixon earned 302 pledged electors, Wallace 45. Nixon lost one vote in North Carolina to <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_W._Bailey" title="Lloyd W. Bailey">Lloyd W. Bailey</a>, who voted for Wallace & LeMay, even though Nixon carried the state.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In Alabama, Humphrey was on the ballot as the candidate for the <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Alabama" title="National Democratic Party of Alabama">National Democratic Party of Alabama</a> and the Alabama Independent Democratic Party instead. In New York, he was also on the ballot as the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_New_York" title="Liberal Party of New York">Liberal Party of New York</a> candidate.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In Alabama, he was also on the ballot as the Democratic Party candidate, and in other states, although he won electoral votes from none of them, he appeared under various other labels such as "George Wallace Party", "Courage Party", and "American Party" and as an independent candidate.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In some states former Georgia Governor <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Griffin" title="Marvin Griffin">Marvin Griffin</a> was George Wallace's running mate instead, although he won no electoral votes in any of those states.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A North Carolina faithless Republican elector voted for Wallace/LeMay</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Percentage point difference in margin from the <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964 election</a>, of Republican over Democrat margins</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present">"National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present"</a>. <i>United States Election Project</i>. <a href="/wiki/CQ_Press" title="CQ Press">CQ Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140725110444/http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Election+Project&rft.atitle=National+General+Election+VEP+Turnout+Rates%2C+1789-Present&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.electproject.org%2Fnational-1789-present&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/voting-rights-act">"Voting Rights Act of 1965"</a>. <i>HISTORY</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011355/https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/voting-rights-act">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft.atitle=Voting+Rights+Act+of+1965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fblack-history%2Fvoting-rights-act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Azari-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Azari_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzari2020" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julia_Azari" title="Julia Azari">Azari, Julia</a> (August 20, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/biden-had-to-fight-for-the-presidential-nomination-but-most-vps-have-to/">"Biden Had To Fight For The Presidential Nomination. But Most VPs Have To"</a>. <i>FiveThirtyEight</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201117190453/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/biden-had-to-fight-for-the-presidential-nomination-but-most-vps-have-to/">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FiveThirtyEight&rft.atitle=Biden+Had+To+Fight+For+The+Presidential+Nomination.+But+Most+VPs+Have+To.&rft.date=2020-08-20&rft.aulast=Azari&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffivethirtyeight.com%2Ffeatures%2Fbiden-had-to-fight-for-the-presidential-nomination-but-most-vps-have-to%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownstein2024" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Brownstein" title="Ron Brownstein">Brownstein, Ronald</a> (September 16, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/17/politics/blue-wall-states-harris-trump-analysis/index.html">"Why these three states are the most consistent tipping point in American politics"</a>. CNN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Why+these+three+states+are+the+most+consistent+tipping+point+in+American+politics&rft.date=2024-09-16&rft.aulast=Brownstein&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2024%2F09%2F17%2Fpolitics%2Fblue-wall-states-harris-trump-analysis%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Adams Upchurch, <i>Race relations in the United States, 1960–1980</i> (2008) pp. 7–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/timeline-seismic-180967503/">"A Timeline of 1968: The Year That Shattered America"</a>. <i>Smithsonian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124035343/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/timeline-seismic-180967503/">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian&rft.atitle=A+Timeline+of+1968%3A+The+Year+That+Shattered+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory%2Ftimeline-seismic-180967503%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Westheider2011" class="citation book cs1">James Westheider (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M9jS16CZh0YC&pg=PA136"><i>Fighting in Vietnam: The Experience of the US Soldier</i></a>. Stackpole Books. pp. 136–38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-0831-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-0831-9"><bdi>978-0-8117-0831-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231009095237/https://books.google.com/books?id=M9jS16CZh0YC&pg=PA136#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+in+Vietnam%3A+The+Experience+of+the+US+Soldier&rft.pages=136-38&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8117-0831-9&rft.au=James+Westheider&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM9jS16CZh0YC%26pg%3DPA136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWattenberg2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Wattenberg" title="Ben Wattenberg">Wattenberg, Ben J.</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0rGoksJR_jcC&pg=PA40"><i>Fighting Words: A Tale of How Liberals Created Neo-Conservatism</i></a>. Macmillan. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4299-2463-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4299-2463-4"><bdi>978-1-4299-2463-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231009095238/https://books.google.com/books?id=0rGoksJR_jcC&pg=PA40#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+Words%3A+A+Tale+of+How+Liberals+Created+Neo-Conservatism&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4299-2463-4&rft.aulast=Wattenberg&rft.aufirst=Ben+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0rGoksJR_jcC%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N&O-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N&O_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090115040630/http://www.newsobserver.com/news/q/story/1278451.html">"Another Race To the Finish"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_News_%26_Observer" title="The News & Observer">The News & Observer</a></i>. November 2, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsobserver.com/news/q/story/1278451.html">the original</a> on January 15, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+News+%26+Observer&rft.atitle=Another+Race+To+the+Finish&rft.date=2008-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsobserver.com%2Fnews%2Fq%2Fstory%2F1278451.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The New York Times</i>, February 18, 1968</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The New York Times</i>, February 29, 1968</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1967/09/26/archives/percy-shunning-active-68-role-wants-to-stay-off-ballot-in.html">"PERCY SHUNNING ACTIVE '68 ROLE – Wants to Stay Off Ballot in Presidential Primaries"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. September 26, 1967. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180722191003/https://www.nytimes.com/1967/09/26/archives/percy-shunning-active-68-role-wants-to-stay-off-ballot-in.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=PERCY+SHUNNING+ACTIVE+%2768+ROLE+%E2%80%93+Wants+to+Stay+Off+Ballot+in+Presidential+Primaries&rft.date=1967-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1967%2F09%2F26%2Farchives%2Fpercy-shunning-active-68-role-wants-to-stay-off-ballot-in.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1967/09/29/archives/javits-says-favoriteson-choice-for-68-is-still-an-open-matter.html">"Javits Says Favorite-Son Choice For '68 Is Still an Open Matter"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. September 29, 1967. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180722185121/https://www.nytimes.com/1967/09/29/archives/javits-says-favoriteson-choice-for-68-is-still-an-open-matter.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Javits+Says+Favorite-Son+Choice+For+%2768+Is+Still+an+Open+Matter&rft.date=1967-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1967%2F09%2F29%2Farchives%2Fjavits-says-favoriteson-choice-for-68-is-still-an-open-matter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerlstein2008-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerlstein2008_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerlstein2008_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerlstein2008">Perlstein 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1968/1968-Presidential-Election/12303153093431-2/">"1968 Year In Review"</a>. UPI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130726223101/http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1968/1968-Presidential-Election/12303153093431-2/">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1968+Year+In+Review&rft.pub=UPI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FAudio%2FYear_in_Review%2FEvents-of-1968%2F1968-Presidential-Election%2F12303153093431-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://presidentialcampaignselectionsreference.wordpress.com/overviews/20th-century/1968-overview/">"1968 | Presidential Campaigns & Elections Reference"</a>. Presidentialcampaignselectionsreference.wordpress.com. July 5, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141012053106/http://presidentialcampaignselectionsreference.wordpress.com/overviews/20th-century/1968-overview/">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1968+%26%23124%3B+Presidential+Campaigns+%26+Elections+Reference&rft.pub=Presidentialcampaignselectionsreference.wordpress.com&rft.date=2011-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpresidentialcampaignselectionsreference.wordpress.com%2Foverviews%2F20th-century%2F1968-overview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Johnson Can Seek Two Full Terms". <i>The Washington Post</i>. November 24, 1963. p. A2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Johnson+Can+Seek+Two+Full+Terms&rft.pages=A2&rft.date=1963-11-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-johnman1967-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-johnman1967_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnman1967_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090714101545/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,712057,00.html">"Man Of The Year: Lyndon B. Johnson, The Paradox of Power"</a>. <i>Time Magazine</i>. January 5, 1968. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,712057,00.html">the original</a> on July 14, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time+Magazine&rft.atitle=Man+Of+The+Year%3A+Lyndon+B.+Johnson%2C+The+Paradox+of+Power&rft.date=1968-01-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C712057%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tetl-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tetl_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/tet-offensive-shakes-cold-war-confidence">"Jan 30, 1968: Tet Offensive shakes Cold War confidence"</a>. History.com:This Day In History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150721162224/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/tet-offensive-shakes-cold-war-confidence">Archived</a> from the original on July 21, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jan+30%2C+1968%3A+Tet+Offensive+shakes+Cold+War+confidence&rft.pub=History.com%3AThis+Day+In+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Ftet-offensive-shakes-cold-war-confidence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jan27-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jan27_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jan27_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jan27_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jan27_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tc0wT9P7nc">"LBJ and Richard Daley, 1/27/68, 10.58A"</a>. September 6, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/0tc0wT9P7nc">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2021 – via www.youtube.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LBJ+and+Richard+Daley%2C+1%2F27%2F68%2C+10.58A.&rft.date=2013-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D0tc0wT9P7nc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120714020341/http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/org.wgbh.mla:df96b4fbdd72ece621c2511b70c51217025f3845">Sam Brown discussing his involvement in the "Clean for Gene" campaign.</a> WGBH Open Vault. Retrieved July 20, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElving2018" class="citation web cs1">Elving, Ron (March 25, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2018/03/25/596805375/president-johnson-made-a-bombshell-announcement-50-years-ago">"Remembering 1968: LBJ Surprises Nation With Announcement He Won't Seek Re-Election"</a>. <i>NPR.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415072431/https://www.npr.org/2018/03/25/596805375/president-johnson-made-a-bombshell-announcement-50-years-ago">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=Remembering+1968%3A+LBJ+Surprises+Nation+With+Announcement+He+Won%27t+Seek+Re-Election&rft.date=2018-03-25&rft.aulast=Elving&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2018%2F03%2F25%2F596805375%2Fpresident-johnson-made-a-bombshell-announcement-50-years-ago&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5682760/incumbent-presidents-primary-challenges/">"Could Trump Lose the Republican Nomination? Here's the History of Primary Challenges to Incumbent Presidents"</a>. <i>Time</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201224122122/https://time.com/5682760/incumbent-presidents-primary-challenges/">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Could+Trump+Lose+the+Republican+Nomination%3F+Here%27s+the+History+of+Primary+Challenges+to+Incumbent+Presidents&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5682760%2Fincumbent-presidents-primary-challenges%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeff_Shesol1998" class="citation book cs1">Jeff Shesol (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bVrRvYV7i78C&pg=PA545"><i>Mutual Contempt: Lyndon Johnson, Robert Kennedy, and the Feud that Defined a Decade</i></a>. W W Norton. pp. 545–47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31855-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31855-5"><bdi>978-0-393-31855-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231009095239/https://books.google.com/books?id=bVrRvYV7i78C&pg=PA545#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mutual+Contempt%3A+Lyndon+Johnson%2C+Robert+Kennedy%2C+and+the+Feud+that+Defined+a+Decade&rft.pages=545-47&rft.pub=W+W+Norton&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-393-31855-5&rft.au=Jeff+Shesol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbVrRvYV7i78C%26pg%3DPA545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis_L._Gould2010" class="citation book cs1">Lewis L. Gould (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0yPdDZsjjJ4C&pg=PA16"><i>1968: The Election That Changed America</i></a>. Government Institutes. pp. 16–18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56663-910-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56663-910-1"><bdi>978-1-56663-910-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1968%3A+The+Election+That+Changed+America&rft.pages=16-18&rft.pub=Government+Institutes&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-56663-910-1&rft.au=Lewis+L.+Gould&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0yPdDZsjjJ4C%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandall_Bennett_Woods2007" class="citation book cs1">Randall Bennett Woods (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sb8W_Ba3jkkC&pg=PA834"><i>LBJ: architect of American ambition</i></a>. Harvard University Press. pp. 834–35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02699-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02699-5"><bdi>978-0-674-02699-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231009095240/https://books.google.com/books?id=Sb8W_Ba3jkkC&pg=PA834#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LBJ%3A+architect+of+American+ambition&rft.pages=834-35&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-674-02699-5&rft.au=Randall+Bennett+Woods&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSb8W_Ba3jkkC%26pg%3DPA834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDallek1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Dallek" title="Robert Dallek">Dallek, Robert</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G_J3PEegwdYC&pg=PA524"><i>Flawed Giant:Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961–1973</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 518–25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-982670-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-982670-4"><bdi>978-0-19-982670-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flawed+Giant%3ALyndon+Johnson+and+His+Times%2C+1961%E2%80%931973&rft.pages=518-25&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-19-982670-4&rft.aulast=Dallek&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG_J3PEegwdYC%26pg%3DPA524&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_J._Bennett2013" class="citation book cs1">Anthony J. Bennett (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XH4Os4Cjr-cC&pg=PT160"><i>The Race for the White House from Reagan to Clinton: Reforming Old Systems, Building New Coalitions</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-26860-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-26860-0"><bdi>978-1-137-26860-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Race+for+the+White+House+from+Reagan+to+Clinton%3A+Reforming+Old+Systems%2C+Building+New+Coalitions&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-137-26860-0&rft.au=Anthony+J.+Bennett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXH4Os4Cjr-cC%26pg%3DPT160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moore-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frazier_Moore" title="Frazier Moore">Moore, Frazier</a> (July 18, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220425034355/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/167649/news/world/legendary-cbs-anchor-walter-cronkite-dies-at-92/">"Legendary CBS anchor Walter Cronkite dies at 92"</a>. GMA News. Associated Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/167649/news/world/legendary-cbs-anchor-walter-cronkite-dies-at-92">the original</a> on April 25, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Legendary+CBS+anchor+Walter+Cronkite+dies+at+92&rft.date=2009-07-18&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Frazier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F167649%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Flegendary-cbs-anchor-walter-cronkite-dies-at-92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWicker1997" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wicker" title="Tom Wicker">Wicker, Tom</a> (January 26, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/01/26/reviews/970126.26wickert.html">"Broadcast News"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090416232837/http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/01/26/reviews/970126.26wickert.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 16, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Broadcast+News&rft.date=1997-01-26&rft.aulast=Wicker&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F97%2F01%2F26%2Freviews%2F970126.26wickert.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uoooav-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uoooav_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoooav_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2012" class="citation news cs1">Campbell, W. Joseph (July 9, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mediamythalert.wordpress.com/2012/07/09/chris-matthews-invokes-if-ive-lost-cronkite-media-myth-in-nyt-review/">"Chris Matthews invokes the 'if I've lost Cronkite' myth in NYT review"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120819192430/http://mediamythalert.wordpress.com/2012/07/09/chris-matthews-invokes-if-ive-lost-cronkite-media-myth-in-nyt-review/">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chris+Matthews+invokes+the+%27if+I%27ve+lost+Cronkite%27+myth+in+NYT+review&rft.date=2012-07-09&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=W.+Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmediamythalert.wordpress.com%2F2012%2F07%2F09%2Fchris-matthews-invokes-if-ive-lost-cronkite-media-myth-in-nyt-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCronkite1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Cronkite" title="Walter Cronkite">Cronkite, Walter</a> (1996). <i><a href="/wiki/A_Reporter%27s_Life" title="A Reporter's Life">A Reporter's Life</a></i>. Ballantine Books. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-57879-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-57879-8"><bdi>978-0-394-57879-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Reporter%27s+Life&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-394-57879-8&rft.aulast=Cronkite&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schieffcron-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schieffcron_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schieffcron_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schieffcron_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchieffer2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Schieffer" title="Bob Schieffer">Schieffer, Bob</a> (January 6, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KH5iToNJhzcC&q=johnson+eventually+saw+cronkite+broadcast&pg=PT84"><i>This Just In: What I Couldn't Tell You on TV</i></a>. Putnam Pub Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-399-14971-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-399-14971-9"><bdi>978-0-399-14971-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+Just+In%3A+What+I+Couldn%27t+Tell+You+on+TV&rft.pub=Putnam+Pub+Group&rft.date=2004-01-06&rft.isbn=978-0-399-14971-9&rft.aulast=Schieffer&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKH5iToNJhzcC%26q%3Djohnson%2Beventually%2Bsaw%2Bcronkite%2Bbroadcast%26pg%3DPT84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dallek (1998); Woods (2006); Gould (1993).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid1968" class="citation journal cs1">David (1968). "Paris peace negotiations: a two level game?". <i>Review of International Studies</i>. <b>37</b> (2): 577–599.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+International+Studies&rft.atitle=Paris+peace+negotiations%3A+a+two+level+game%3F&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=577-599&rft.date=1968&rft.au=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Dallek, <i>Nixon and Kissinger</i> (2009) p 77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2000" class="citation book cs1">Cook, Rhodes (2000). <i>United States Presidential Primary Elections 1968–1996: A Handbook of Election Statistics</i>. Washington, D. C.: CQ Press. pp. 12–13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56802-451-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56802-451-6"><bdi>978-1-56802-451-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Presidential+Primary+Elections+1968%E2%80%931996%3A+A+Handbook+of+Election+Statistics&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.+C.&rft.pages=12-13&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-56802-451-6&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Rhodes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbe_A._DeboltJames_S._Baugess2011" class="citation book cs1">Abbe A. Debolt; James S. Baugess (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r4WFjKG6vmUC&pg=PA607"><i>Encyclopedia of the Sixties: A Decade of Culture and Counterculture</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 607. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-0102-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-0102-0"><bdi>978-1-4408-0102-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231009095240/https://books.google.com/books?id=r4WFjKG6vmUC&pg=PA607">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Sixties%3A+A+Decade+of+Culture+and+Counterculture&rft.pages=607&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-0102-0&rft.au=Abbe+A.+Debolt&rft.au=James+S.+Baugess&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr4WFjKG6vmUC%26pg%3DPA607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.talkleft.com/story/2011/11/27/0264/0835">"Sirhan Sirhan Seeks Release Or New Trial – TalkLeft: The Politics Of Crime"</a>. TalkLeft. November 27, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120130181500/http://www.talkleft.com/story/2011/11/27/0264/0835">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sirhan+Sirhan+Seeks+Release+Or+New+Trial+%E2%80%93+TalkLeft%3A+The+Politics+Of+Crime&rft.pub=TalkLeft&rft.date=2011-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.talkleft.com%2Fstory%2F2011%2F11%2F27%2F0264%2F0835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502033712/http://news.ca.msn.com/top-stories/msnbc-article.aspx?cp-documentid=27840480">"Top stories from Canada and around the world |MSN Headlines"</a>. News.ca.msn.com. August 2, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.ca.msn.com/top-stories/msnbc-article.aspx?cp-documentid=27840480">the original</a> on May 2, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+stories+from+Canada+and+around+the+world+%26%23124%3BMSN+Headlines&rft.pub=News.ca.msn.com&rft.date=2015-08-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.ca.msn.com%2Ftop-stories%2Fmsnbc-article.aspx%3Fcp-documentid%3D27840480&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenhill2011" class="citation web cs1">Greenhill, Abby (November 28, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.gather.com/viewArticle.action?articleId=281474980828676">"Sirhan Sirhan Says He Didn't Kill Bobby Kennedy in 1968 – Gather.com : Gather.com"</a>. News.gather.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sirhan+Sirhan+Says+He+Didn%27t+Kill+Bobby+Kennedy+in+1968+%E2%80%93+Gather.com+%3A+Gather.com&rft.pub=News.gather.com&rft.date=2011-11-28&rft.aulast=Greenhill&rft.aufirst=Abby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.gather.com%2FviewArticle.action%3FarticleId%3D281474980828676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.phillyimc.org/en/sirhan-sirhan-his-own-words">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502022206/http://www.phillyimc.org/en/sirhan-sirhan-his-own-words">Archived</a> May 2, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlesinger_Jr.1978" class="citation book cs1">Schlesinger Jr., Arthur M. (1978). <i>Robert Kennedy and His Times</i>. p. xvi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Kennedy+and+His+Times&rft.pages=xvi&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Schlesinger+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Arthur+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jack Newfield, interview with Terry Gross, <i><a href="/wiki/Fresh_Air" title="Fresh Air">Fresh Air</a> from WHYY</i>, National Public Radio, WHYY, Philadelphia, June 4, 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=91151292">Excerpt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180808113612/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=91151292">Archived</a> August 8, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> rebroadcast on June 4, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWicker1968" class="citation news cs1">Wicker, Tom (June 16, 1968). "In The Nation; Go Slow, Mike Mansfield". The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+The+Nation%3B+Go+Slow%2C+Mike+Mansfield&rft.date=1968-06-16&rft.aulast=Wicker&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeschloss1996" class="citation news cs1">Beschloss, Michael (August 11, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/11/opinion/let-s-have-conventions-with-cliffhangers.html">"Opinion: Let's Have Conventions With Cliffhangers"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240113211231/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/11/opinion/let-s-have-conventions-with-cliffhangers.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+Let%27s+Have+Conventions+With+Cliffhangers&rft.date=1996-08-11&rft.aulast=Beschloss&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F08%2F11%2Fopinion%2Flet-s-have-conventions-with-cliffhangers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien1974" class="citation book cs1">O'Brien, Lawrence F. (1974). <i>No Final Victories: A Life in Politics - from John F. Kennedy to Watergate</i>. Doubleday.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Final+Victories%3A+A+Life+in+Politics+-+from+John+F.+Kennedy+to+Watergate&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalb2010" class="citation book cs1">Kalb, Deborah, ed. (2010). <i>Guide to U.S. Elections</i>. Washington, DC: <a href="/wiki/CQ_Press" title="CQ Press">CQ Press</a>. p. 411. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60426-536-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60426-536-1"><bdi>978-1-60426-536-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+U.S.+Elections&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=411&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60426-536-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalb2010" class="citation book cs1">Kalb, Deborah, ed. (2010). <i>Guide to U.S. Elections</i>. Washington, DC: <a href="/wiki/CQ_Press" title="CQ Press">CQ Press</a>. pp. 622–624. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60426-536-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60426-536-1"><bdi>978-1-60426-536-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+U.S.+Elections&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=622-624&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60426-536-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/conventions/san.diego/facts/weird.facts/votes.shtml.orig">"AllPolitics – 1996 GOP NRC – All The Votes...Really"</a>. Cnn.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081219180754/http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/conventions/san.diego/facts/weird.facts/votes.shtml.orig">Archived</a> from the original on December 19, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=AllPolitics+%E2%80%93+1996+GOP+NRC+%E2%80%93+All+The+Votes...Really&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2FALLPOLITICS%2F1996%2Fconventions%2Fsan.diego%2Ffacts%2Fweird.facts%2Fvotes.shtml.orig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/621730055/?terms=%22robert%20kennedy%22%20%22abraham%20ribicoff%22%20%22endorse%22%20%22endorsement%22&match=1">"Ribicoff Urges Unity With McGovern Vote"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Miami_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="The Miami Herald">The Miami Herald</a></i>. UPI. August 25, 1968. p. 14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516220907/https://www.newspapers.com/image/621730055/?terms=%22robert%20kennedy%22%20%22abraham%20ribicoff%22%20%22endorse%22%20%22endorsement%22&match=1">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=Ribicoff+Urges+Unity+With+McGovern+Vote&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1968-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F621730055%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522robert%2520kennedy%2522%2520%2522abraham%2520ribicoff%2522%2520%2522endorse%2522%2520%2522endorsement%2522%26match%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/261083410/?terms=%22robert%20kennedy%22%20%22george%20mcgovern%22%20%22endorse%22%20%22endorsement%22&match=1">"McGovern Wins RFK Backers"</a>. <i>The Honolulu Advertiser</i>. UPI. August 11, 1968. p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516220906/https://www.newspapers.com/image/261083410/?terms=%22robert%20kennedy%22%20%22george%20mcgovern%22%20%22endorse%22%20%22endorsement%22&match=1">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Honolulu+Advertiser&rft.atitle=McGovern+Wins+RFK+Backers&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1968-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F261083410%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522robert%2520kennedy%2522%2520%2522george%2520mcgovern%2522%2520%2522endorse%2522%2520%2522endorsement%2522%26match%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJewell1968" class="citation news cs1">Jewell, Thomas (April 16, 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/515784320">"Bobby Talks Polish, Sings at Dyngus Day"</a>. <i>The South Bend Tribune</i>. p. 21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516231132/http://www.newspapers.com/image/515784320/">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+South+Bend+Tribune&rft.atitle=Bobby+Talks+Polish%2C+Sings+at+Dyngus+Day&rft.pages=21&rft.date=1968-04-16&rft.aulast=Jewell&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F515784320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_56-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_56-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlesinger1978" class="citation book cs1">Schlesinger, Arthur Jr. (1978). <i>Robert Kennedy and His Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Kennedy+and+His+Times&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Schlesinger&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bobbydarin.net/kennedy.html">"BobbyDarin.net/BobbyDarin.com – Bobby Darin & Bobby Kennedy"</a>. Bobbydarin.net. May 10, 1968. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100703072914/http://www.bobbydarin.net/kennedy.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BobbyDarin.net%2FBobbyDarin.com+%E2%80%93+Bobby+Darin+%26+Bobby+Kennedy&rft.pub=Bobbydarin.net&rft.date=1968-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bobbydarin.net%2Fkennedy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-'70s-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-'70s_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrum2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Frum" title="David Frum">Frum, David</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum"><i>How We Got Here: The '70s</i></a>. New York: Basic Books. p. xxi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-04195-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-04195-4"><bdi>978-0-465-04195-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+We+Got+Here%3A+The+%2770s&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=xxi&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-465-04195-4&rft.aulast=Frum&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowwegothere70sd00frum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB._Dan_WoodSoren_Jordan2017" class="citation book cs1">B. Dan Wood; Soren Jordan (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=diAzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA165"><i>Party Polarization in America: The War Over Two Social Contracts</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108171212" title="Special:BookSources/9781108171212"><bdi>9781108171212</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210813192723/https://books.google.com/books?id=diAzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA165">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Party+Polarization+in+America%3A+The+War+Over+Two+Social+Contracts&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781108171212&rft.au=B.+Dan+Wood&rft.au=Soren+Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdiAzDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill2002" class="citation journal cs1">Hill, John Paul (December 16, 2002). "A. B. "Happy" Chandler, George C. Wallace, and the Presidential Election of 1968". <i>The Historian</i>. <b>64</b> (34): 667–685. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1540-6563.00010">10.1111/1540-6563.00010</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145329893">145329893</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historian&rft.atitle=A.+B.+%22Happy%22+Chandler%2C+George+C.+Wallace%2C+and+the+Presidential+Election+of+1968&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=34&rft.pages=667-685&rft.date=2002-12-16&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1540-6563.00010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145329893%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=John+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/105414/Happy-Chandler">"Happy Chandler | biography – American politician and baseball commissioner"</a>. <i>Britannica.com</i>. June 15, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150212210654/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/105414/Happy-Chandler">Archived</a> from the original on February 12, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Happy+Chandler+%26%23124%3B+biography+%E2%80%93+American+politician+and+baseball+commissioner&rft.btitle=Britannica.com&rft.date=1991-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F105414%2FHappy-Chandler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,902367,00.html">"The Campaign: George's General"</a>. <i>Time</i>. October 11, 1968. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412132653/https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,902367,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Campaign%3A+George%27s+General&rft.date=1968-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2F0%2C33009%2C902367%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kauffman-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kauffman_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Kauffman" title="Bill Kauffman">Kauffman, Bill</a> (2008-05-19) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amconmag.com/article/2008/may/19/00009/">When the Left Was Right</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430231746/http://amconmag.com/article/2008/may/19/00009/">Archived</a> 2011-04-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarter1995361-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarter1995361_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarter1995">Carter 1995</a>, p. 361.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perlstein-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Perlstein_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerlstein2008" class="citation book cs1">Perlstein, Rick (2008). <a href="/wiki/Nixonland:_The_Rise_of_a_President_and_the_Fracturing_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Nixonland: The Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America"><i>Nixonland: The Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nixonland%3A+The+Rise+of+a+President+and+the+Fracturing+of+America&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Perlstein&rft.aufirst=Rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/11/05/76902246.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">"Nation Will Vote Today; Close Presidential Race Predicted In Late Polls"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. November 5, 1968<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Nation+Will+Vote+Today%3B+Close+Presidential+Race+Predicted+In+Late+Polls&rft.date=1968-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1968%2F11%2F05%2F76902246.pdf%3Fpdf_redirect%3Dtrue%26ip%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallup1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Gallup" title="George Gallup">Gallup, George</a> (1972). <i>The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1935-1971</i>. Vol. III. p. 2168.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gallup+Poll%3A+Public+Opinion%2C+1935-1971&rft.pages=2168&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Gallup&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/11/02/76901271.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">"Humphrey Gains In A Harris Poll"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. November 2, 1968<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Humphrey+Gains+In+A+Harris+Poll&rft.date=1968-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1968%2F11%2F02%2F76901271.pdf%3Fpdf_redirect%3Dtrue%26ip%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallup1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Gallup" title="George Gallup">Gallup, George</a> (1972). <i>The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1935-1971</i>. Vol. III. p. 2167.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gallup+Poll%3A+Public+Opinion%2C+1935-1971&rft.pages=2167&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Gallup&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/10/19/76894251.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">"Humphrey Gains In A Harris Poll"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. October 19, 1968<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Humphrey+Gains+In+A+Harris+Poll&rft.date=1968-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1968%2F10%2F19%2F76894251.pdf%3Fpdf_redirect%3Dtrue%26ip%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/10/10/77182250.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">"Gallup Poll Finds Nixon Is Maintaining Large Lead"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. October 10, 1968<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gallup+Poll+Finds+Nixon+Is+Maintaining+Large+Lead&rft.date=1968-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1968%2F10%2F10%2F77182250.pdf%3Fpdf_redirect%3Dtrue%26ip%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallup1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Gallup" title="George Gallup">Gallup, George</a> (1972). <i>The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1935-1971</i>. Vol. III. p. 2162.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gallup+Poll%3A+Public+Opinion%2C+1935-1971&rft.pages=2162&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Gallup&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/09/24/302057962.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">"New Harris Poll Puts Nixon On Top"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. September 24, 1968<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Harris+Poll+Puts+Nixon+On+Top&rft.date=1968-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1968%2F09%2F24%2F302057962.pdf%3Fpdf_redirect%3Dtrue%26ip%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallup1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Gallup" title="George Gallup">Gallup, George</a> (1972). <i>The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1935-1971</i>. Vol. III. p. 2159.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gallup+Poll%3A+Public+Opinion%2C+1935-1971&rft.pages=2159&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Gallup&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_Harris_Poll_Puts_Nixon_On_Top-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-New_Harris_Poll_Puts_Nixon_On_Top_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_Harris_Poll_Puts_Nixon_On_Top_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/08/28/76967978.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">"New Harris Poll Puts Nixon On Top"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. August 28, 1968<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Harris+Poll+Puts+Nixon+On+Top&rft.date=1968-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1968%2F08%2F28%2F76967978.pdf%3Fpdf_redirect%3Dtrue%26ip%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallup1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Gallup" title="George Gallup">Gallup, George</a> (1972). <i>The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1935-1971</i>. 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August 1, 1968<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Harris+Poll+Gives+Rockefeller+A+Lift&rft.date=1968-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1968%2F08%2F01%2F79942476.pdf%3Fpdf_redirect%3Dtrue%26ip%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/08/02/91234173.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">"Comparison of 4 Polls"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. August 2, 1968. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111507/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/08/02/91234173.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 21, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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August 1, 1968. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111507/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/08/01/79942610.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 21, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Crossley+Findings&rft.date=1968-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1968%2F08%2F01%2F79942610.pdf%3Fpdf_redirect%3Dtrue%26ip%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallup1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Gallup" title="George Gallup">Gallup, George</a> (1972). <i>The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1935-1971</i>. Vol. III. p. 2150.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gallup+Poll%3A+Public+Opinion%2C+1935-1971&rft.pages=2150&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Gallup&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/07/21/110090197.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">"McCarthy, Buoyed by 2 Polls, Sees 'Even Chance"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. July 21, 1968. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111509/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/07/21/110090197.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 21, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=McCarthy%2C+Buoyed+by+2+Polls%2C+Sees+%27Even+Chance&rft.date=1968-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1968%2F07%2F21%2F110090197.pdf%3Fpdf_redirect%3Dtrue%26ip%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallup1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Gallup" title="George Gallup">Gallup, George</a> (1972). <i>The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1935-1971</i>. Vol. III. p. 2139.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gallup+Poll%3A+Public+Opinion%2C+1935-1971&rft.pages=2139&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Gallup&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/06/25/77309653.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">"Poll Finds Kennedy Would Aid Ticket"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. June 24, 1968. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111509/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/06/25/77309653.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 21, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Poll+Finds+Kennedy+Would+Aid+Ticket&rft.date=1968-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1968%2F06%2F25%2F77309653.pdf%3Fpdf_redirect%3Dtrue%26ip%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallup1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Gallup" title="George Gallup">Gallup, George</a> (1972). <i>The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1935-1971</i>. Vol. III. p. 2134.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gallup+Poll%3A+Public+Opinion%2C+1935-1971&rft.pages=2134&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Gallup&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallup1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Gallup" title="George Gallup">Gallup, George</a> (1972). <i>The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1935-1971</i>. Vol. III. p. 2130.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gallup+Poll%3A+Public+Opinion%2C+1935-1971&rft.pages=2130&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Gallup&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/05/24/77102545.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">"Harris Poll Finds Gain By Humphrey"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. May 23, 1968. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111510/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/05/24/77102545.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 21, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Harris+Poll+Finds+Gain+By+Humphrey&rft.date=1968-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1968%2F05%2F24%2F77102545.pdf%3Fpdf_redirect%3Dtrue%26ip%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallup1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Gallup" title="George Gallup">Gallup, George</a> (1972). <i>The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1935-1971</i>. Vol. III. p. 2126.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gallup+Poll%3A+Public+Opinion%2C+1935-1971&rft.pages=2126&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Gallup&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/05/07/79938778.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">"Kennedy's Lead Fades in 2 Polls"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. May 7, 1968. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111510/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/05/07/79938778.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 21, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kennedy%27s+Lead+Fades+in+2+Polls&rft.date=1968-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1968%2F05%2F07%2F79938778.pdf%3Fpdf_redirect%3Dtrue%26ip%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallup1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Gallup" title="George Gallup">Gallup, George</a> (1972). <i>The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1935-1971</i>. Vol. III. p. 2122.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gallup+Poll%3A+Public+Opinion%2C+1935-1971&rft.pages=2122&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Gallup&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/04/06/88935855.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">"Harris Poll Shows Kennedy, McCarthy In Front of Nixon"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. April 6, 1968. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111538/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/04/06/88935855.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 21, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Harris+Poll+Shows+Kennedy%2C+McCarthy+In+Front+of+Nixon&rft.date=1968-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1968%2F04%2F06%2F88935855.pdf%3Fpdf_redirect%3Dtrue%26ip%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph A. Aistrup, <i>The southern strategy revisited: Republican top-down advancement in the South</i> (2015).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_S._Margolies2012" class="citation book cs1">Daniel S. Margolies (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bcLeZ7MLvM0C&pg=PT264"><i>A Companion to Harry S. Truman</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 264. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118300756" title="Special:BookSources/9781118300756"><bdi>9781118300756</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200823003558/https://books.google.com/books?id=bcLeZ7MLvM0C&pg=PT264%2F">Archived</a> from the original on August 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Harry+S.+Truman&rft.pages=264&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781118300756&rft.au=Daniel+S.+Margolies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbcLeZ7MLvM0C%26pg%3DPT264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hnn_greenberg-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hnn_greenberg_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg2001" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Greenberg_(historian)" title="David Greenberg (historian)">Greenberg, David</a> (October 22, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hnn.us/articles/366.html">"Civil Rights: Let 'Em Wiretap!"</a>. History News Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110301212237/http://hnn.us/articles/366.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Civil+Rights%3A+Let+%27Em+Wiretap%21&rft.date=2001-10-22&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhnn.us%2Farticles%2F366.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-'70s_265-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-'70s_265_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrum2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Frum" title="David Frum">Frum, David</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/265"><i>How We Got Here: The '70s</i></a>. New York City: Basic Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/265">265</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-04195-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-04195-4"><bdi>978-0-465-04195-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+We+Got+Here%3A+The+%2770s&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-465-04195-4&rft.aulast=Frum&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowwegothere70sd00frum%2Fpage%2F265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Conrad Black, (2007), p. 525.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHindley2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Hindley, Meredith (October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2009/septemberoctober/feature/supremely-contentious">"Supremely Contentious: The Transformation of "Advice and Consent"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Humanities</i>. Vol. 30, no. 5. National Endowment for the Humanities<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Humanities&rft.atitle=Supremely+Contentious%3A+The+Transformation+of+%22Advice+and+Consent%22&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.date=2009-10&rft.aulast=Hindley&rft.aufirst=Meredith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neh.gov%2Fhumanities%2F2009%2Fseptemberoctober%2Ffeature%2Fsupremely-contentious&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abe_fortas-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abe_fortas_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaura_Kalman1990" class="citation book cs1">Laura Kalman (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/abefortasbiograp00kalm"><i>Abe Fortas</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-04669-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-04669-4"><bdi>978-0-300-04669-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abe+Fortas&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-300-04669-4&rft.au=Laura+Kalman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fabefortasbiograp00kalm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-evans-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-evans_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_W._Evans1993" class="citation web cs1">Thomas W. Evans (Summer 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130808222147/http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/VolArm.html">"The All-Volunteer Army After Twenty Years: Recruiting in the Modern Era"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston_State_University" title="Sam Houston State University">Sam Houston State University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/VolArm.html">the original</a> on August 8, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+All-Volunteer+Army+After+Twenty+Years%3A+Recruiting+in+the+Modern+Era&rft.pub=Sam+Houston+State+University&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Thomas+W.+Evans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shsu.edu%2F~his_ncp%2FVolArm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aitken-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aitken_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAitken1996" class="citation book cs1">Aitken, Jonathan (1996). <i>Nixon: A Life</i>. <a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89526-720-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89526-720-7"><bdi>978-0-89526-720-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nixon%3A+A+Life&rft.pub=Regnery+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-89526-720-7&rft.aulast=Aitken&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span> pp. 396–397.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmbrose1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Ambrose" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Ambrose">Ambrose, Stephen</a> (1989). <i>Nixon, Volume Two: The Triumph of a Politician 1962–1972</i>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nixon%2C+Volume+Two%3A+The+Triumph+of+a+Politician+1962%E2%80%931972&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Ambrose&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span> pp. 264–266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Time</i> November 15, 1968</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Theodore H. White, <i>The Making of the President, 1968</i> (1970)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PBaker-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PBaker_103-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PBaker_103-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2017" class="citation news cs1">Baker, Peter (January 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/02/us/politics/nixon-tried-to-spoil-johnsons-vietnam-peace-talks-in-68-notes-show.html?mcubz=0">"Nixon Tried to Spoil Johnson's Peace Talks in '68, Notes Show"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180102073902/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/02/us/politics/nixon-tried-to-spoil-johnsons-vietnam-peace-talks-in-68-notes-show.html?mcubz=0">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Nixon+Tried+to+Spoil+Johnson%27s+Peace+Talks+in+%2768%2C+Notes+Show&rft.date=2017-01-03&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F01%2F02%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fnixon-tried-to-spoil-johnsons-vietnam-peace-talks-in-68-notes-show.html%3Fmcubz%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Lisheron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesman.com/news/content/news/stories/local/12/05/1205lbjtapes.html">"In tapes, LBJ accuses Nixon of treason"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208104725/http://www.statesman.com/news/content/news/stories/local/12/05/1205lbjtapes.html">Archived</a> December 8, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Austin_American-Statesman" title="Austin American-Statesman">Austin American-Statesman</a>. December 5, 2008. "Johnson tells Sen. Everett Dirksen, the Republican minority leader, that it will be Nixon's responsibility if the South Vietnamese don't participate in the peace talks. 'This is treason', LBJ says to Dirksen."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/KC_Johnson" title="KC Johnson">Robert "KC" Johnson</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hnn.us/articles/60446.html">"Did Nixon Commit Treason in 1968? What The New LBJ Tapes Reveal"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130313031845/http://hnn.us/articles/60446.html">Archived</a> March 13, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/History_News_Network" title="History News Network">History News Network</a>, January 26, 2009. Transcript from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubVzX3y_yVE"><span class="plainlinks">audio recording</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">President Johnson</a>: "This is treason."<br />"I know."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clifford-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark_M._Clifford1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clark_Clifford" title="Clark Clifford">Clark M. Clifford</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/counseltopreside00clar/page/709"><i>Counsel to the President: A Memoir</i></a> (May 21, 1991 ed.). Random House. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/counseltopreside00clar/page/709">709</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-56995-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-56995-6"><bdi>978-0-394-56995-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Counsel+to+the+President%3A+A+Memoir&rft.pages=709&rft.edition=May+21%2C+1991&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-394-56995-6&rft.au=Clark+M.+Clifford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcounseltopreside00clar%2Fpage%2F709&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eeJ4AAAAMAAJ">p. 582.</a> "The activities of the Nixon team went far beyond the bounds of justifiable political combat. It constituted direct interference in the activities of the executive branch and the responsibilities of the Chief Executive, the only people with authority to negotiate on behalf of the nation. The activities of the Nixon campaign constituted a gross, even potentially illegal, interference in the security affairs of the nation by private individuals."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Dallek" title="Robert Dallek">Robert Dallek</a> (2007), <i>Nixon and Kissinger: Partners in Power</i>, HarperCollins, pp. 73–74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history.state.gov-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history.state.gov_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history.state.gov_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5">"November 1–12, 1968: South Vietnamese Abstention From the Expanded Peace Conference; the Anna Chennault Affair"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Historian" title="Office of the Historian">Office of the Historian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240115035541/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+Historian&rft.atitle=November+1%E2%80%9312%2C+1968%3A+South+Vietnamese+Abstention+From+the+Expanded+Peace+Conference%3B+the+Anna+Chennault+Affair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fhistoricaldocuments%2Ffrus1964-68v07%2Fch5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chanoff-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chanoff_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBùi_Diễm_with_David_Chanoff1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B9i_Di%E1%BB%85m" title="Bùi Diễm">Bùi Diễm</a> with David Chanoff (1999). <i>In the Jaws of History</i> (April 1, 1999 ed.). Indiana University Press. p. 367. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21301-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21301-3"><bdi>978-0-253-21301-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Jaws+of+History&rft.pages=367&rft.edition=April+1%2C+1999&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-253-21301-3&rft.au=B%C3%B9i+Di%E1%BB%85m+with+David+Chanoff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XNlnzQk2678C&dq=%22Waiting+for+me+in+the+lobby+was+Anna+Chennault%22&pg=PA237">p. 237.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411084342/https://books.google.com/books?id=XNlnzQk2678C&dq=%22Waiting+for+me+in+the+lobby+was+Anna+Chennault%22&pg=PA237">Archived</a> April 11, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Waiting for me in the lobby was Anna Chennault. A few minutes later I was being introduced to Nixon and John Mitchell, his law partner and adviser. (...) Nixon (...) added that his staff would be in touch with me through John Mitchell and Anna Chennault.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/d212">"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume VII, Vietnam, September 1968–January 1969"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Historian" title="Office of the Historian">Office of the Historian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240115035416/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/d212">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+Historian&rft.atitle=Foreign+Relations+of+the+United+States%2C+1964%E2%80%931968%2C+Volume+VII%2C+Vietnam%2C+September+1968%E2%80%93January+1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fhistoricaldocuments%2Ffrus1964-68v07%2Fd212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dallek, pp. 74–75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dallek, pp. 73–74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Powers" title="Thomas Powers">Thomas Powers</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yi2GAAAAMAAJ">"The Man who Kept the Secrets: Richard Helms & the CIA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Alfred A. Knopf</a>, 1979, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yi2GAAAAMAAJ&q=%22during+the+week+which+ended+Sunday%2C+October+27%2C+the+National+Security+Agency+intercepted+a+radio+message+from+the+South+Vietnamese+Embassy+to+Saigon+explicitly+urging+Thieu+to+stand+fast+against+an+agreement+until+after+the+election.+As+soon+as+learned+of+the+cable+he+ordered+the+FBI+to+place+Madame+under+surveillance+and+to+install+a+phone+tap+on+the+South+Vietnamese+Embassy%22">p.198.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405183109/https://books.google.com/books?id=Yi2GAAAAMAAJ&q=%22during+the+week+which+ended+Sunday,+October+27,+the+National+Security+Agency+intercepted+a+radio+message+from+the+South+Vietnamese+Embassy+to+Saigon+explicitly+urging+Thieu+to+stand+fast+against+an+agreement+until+after+the+election.+As+soon+as+learned+of+the+cable+he+ordered+the+FBI+to+place+Madame+under+surveillance+and+to+install+a+phone+tap+on+the+South+Vietnamese+Embassy%22">Archived</a> April 5, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "during the week which ended Sunday, October 27 [1968], the National Security Agency intercepted a radio message from the South Vietnamese Embassy to Saigon explicitly urging <a href="/wiki/Nguyen_Van_Thieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nguyen Van Thieu">(Nguyen Van) Thieu</a> to stand fast against an agreement until after the election. As soon as Johnson learned of the cable he ordered the FBI to place Madame (Anna) Chennault under surveillance and to install a phone tap on the South Vietnamese Embassy"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dallek, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/KC_Johnson" title="KC Johnson">Robert "KC" Johnson</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hnn.us/articles/60446.html">"Did Nixon Commit Treason in 1968? What the New LBJ Tapes Reveal"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130313031845/http://hnn.us/articles/60446.html">Archived</a> March 13, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/History_News_Network" title="History News Network">History News Network</a>, January 26, 2009. Transcript from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubVzX3y_yVE"><span class="plainlinks">audio recording</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">President Johnson</a>: "Now, I can identify 'em, because I know who's doing this. I don't want to identify it. I think it would shock America if a principal candidate was playing with a source like this on a matter this important. (...) I don't want to do that."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCTreason-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBCTreason_116-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCTreason_116-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2013" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, David (March 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21768668">"The Lyndon Johnson tapes: Richard Nixon's 'treason'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130317223409/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21768668">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+Lyndon+Johnson+tapes%3A+Richard+Nixon%27s+%27treason%27&rft.date=2013-03-15&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-21768668&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Witcover" title="Jules Witcover">Jules Witcover</a>. "The Making of an Ink-Stained Wretch: Half a Century Pounding the Political Beat". <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>, 2005, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ePRIONzLmEoC&dq=%22Johnson+had+turned+over+incriminating+evidence+about+Chennault%27s+activities+to+Humphrey+for+use+in+the+final+days+of+the+campaign%22&pg=PA131">p131.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406003954/https://books.google.com/books?id=ePRIONzLmEoC&dq=%22Johnson+had+turned+over+incriminating+evidence+about+Chennault%27s+activities+to+Humphrey+for+use+in+the+final+days+of+the+campaign%22&pg=PA131">Archived</a> April 6, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "<a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a> had turned over incriminating evidence about (Anna) Chennault's activities to <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">(Hubert) Humphrey's</a> for use in the final days of the campaign. The idea was that such an act of treason would sink Nixon and elect Humphrey. But Humphrey declined to use it, partly because he felt he could not reveal the sources of the classified material (...) Later, in his <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L6u94c-7wX8C&q=The+Education+of+a+Public+Man">memoir</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405183111/https://books.google.com/books?id=L6u94c-7wX8C&q=The+Education+of+a+Public+Man">Archived</a> April 5, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Humphrey recounted a memo of his own at the time: "I wonder if I should have blown the whistle on Anna Chennault and Nixon. I wish [his italics] I could have been sure. Damn <a href="/wiki/Nguyen_Van_Thieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nguyen Van Thieu">Thieu</a>. Dragging his feet this past weekend hurt us. I wonder if that call did it. If Nixon knew."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/05tapes.html?_r=0">"In Tapes, Johnson Accused Nixon's Associates of Treason"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215095348/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/05tapes.html?_r=0">Archived</a> February 15, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, December 4, 2008. Retrieved March 19, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNichter2023" class="citation book cs1">Nichter, Luke A. (2023). <i>The Year That Broke Politics: Collusion and Chaos in the Presidential Election of 1968</i>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-25439-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-25439-6"><bdi>978-0-300-25439-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Year+That+Broke+Politics%3A+Collusion+and+Chaos+in+the+Presidential+Election+of+1968&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-300-25439-6&rft.aulast=Nichter&rft.aufirst=Luke+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_120-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_120-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_120-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeip" class="citation web cs1">Leip, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=1968">"1968 Presidential General Election Results"</a>. <i>David Leip's Atlas of Presidential Elections</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918012042/https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=1968">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=David+Leip%27s+Atlas+of+Presidential+Elections&rft.atitle=1968+Presidential+General+Election+Results&rft.aulast=Leip&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS%2Fnational.php%3Fyear%3D1968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_121-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_121-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_121-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_121-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_121-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_121-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_121-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.270towin.com/historical-presidential-elections/">"Historical U.S. Presidential Elections 1789-2016"</a>. <i>www.270towin.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190522080905/https://www.270towin.com/historical-presidential-elections/">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.270towin.com&rft.atitle=Historical+U.S.+Presidential+Elections+1789-2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.270towin.com%2Fhistorical-presidential-elections%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.270towin.com/1916_Election/?m=In+1916,+Woodrow+Wilson+won+the+election+while+losing+Minnesota">"Presidential Election of 1916"</a>. <i>www.270towin.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.270towin.com&rft.atitle=Presidential+Election+of+1916&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.270towin.com%2F1916_Election%2F%3Fm%3DIn%2B1916%2C%2BWoodrow%2BWilson%2Bwon%2Bthe%2Belection%2Bwhile%2Blosing%2BMinnesota&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy1974" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Paul (1974). <i>Political Parties In American History, Volume 3, 1890-present</i>. <a href="/wiki/G._P._Putnam%27s_Sons" title="G. P. Putnam's Sons">G. P. Putnam's Sons</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Parties+In+American+History%2C+Volume+3%2C+1890-present&rft.pub=G.+P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1968_Year_In_Review,_UPI.com-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1968_Year_In_Review,_UPI.com_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1968/1968-Presidential-Election/12303153093431-2/">"1968 Year In Review"</a>. UPI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130726223101/http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1968/1968-Presidential-Election/12303153093431-2/">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1968+Year+In+Review&rft.pub=UPI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FAudio%2FYear_in_Review%2FEvents-of-1968%2F1968-Presidential-Election%2F12303153093431-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/10/a_realigning_election.html">"A Realigning Election? | RealClearPolitics"</a>. <i>www.realclearpolitics.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227144617/https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/10/a_realigning_election.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.realclearpolitics.com&rft.atitle=A+Realigning+Election%3F+%7C+RealClearPolitics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realclearpolitics.com%2Farticles%2F2008%2F10%2Fa_realigning_election.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Misunderstanding_the_Southern_Realignment-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Misunderstanding_the_Southern_Realignment_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2010/09/09/misunderstanding_the_southern_realignment_107084.html">"Misunderstanding the Southern Realignment"</a>. RealClearPolitics.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131107161039/http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2010/09/09/misunderstanding_the_southern_realignment_107084.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Misunderstanding+the+Southern+Realignment&rft.pub=RealClearPolitics.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realclearpolitics.com%2Farticles%2F2010%2F09%2F09%2Fmisunderstanding_the_southern_realignment_107084.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLassiter2007" class="citation book cs1">Lassiter, Matthew (2007). <i>The Silent Majority: Suburban Politics in the Sunbelt</i>. Princeton University Press. pp. 2, 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Silent+Majority%3A+Suburban+Politics+in+the+Sunbelt&rft.pages=2%2C+17&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Lassiter&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gould (1993) p 165; White (1969) p 401</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack2021" class="citation book cs1">Black, Earl (2021). "Competing Responses to the New Southern Politics: Republican and Democratic Southern Strategies, 1964-76". In Reed, John Shelton; Black, Merle (eds.). <i>Perspectives on the American South: An Annual Review of Society, Politics, and Culture</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136764882" title="Special:BookSources/9781136764882"><bdi>9781136764882</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Competing+Responses+to+the+New+Southern+Politics%3A+Republican+and+Democratic+Southern+Strategies%2C+1964-76&rft.btitle=Perspectives+on+the+American+South%3A+An+Annual+Review+of+Society%2C+Politics%2C+and+Culture&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781136764882&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Earl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Phillips_(political_commentator)" title="Kevin Phillips (political commentator)">Phillips, Kevin P.</a> (1969). <i>The Emerging Republican Majority</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York" title="New Rochelle, New York">New Rochelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>: Arlington House. p. 207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0870000586" title="Special:BookSources/0870000586"><bdi>0870000586</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emerging+Republican+Majority&rft.place=New+Rochelle%2C+New+York&rft.pages=207&rft.pub=Arlington+House&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=0870000586&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Kevin+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael A. Cohen, <i>American Maelstrom: The 1968 Election and the Politics of Division</i> (2016)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://poliscinews.wordpress.com/tag/mcgovern-fraser-commission/">"McGovern-Fraser Commission | Politics Matters"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=McGovern-Fraser+Commission+%7C+Politics+Matters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpoliscinews.wordpress.com%2Ftag%2Fmcgovern-fraser-commission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Political Graveyard; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NH/CO-votes.html">Coös County Votes for President</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308173402/http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NH/CO-votes.html">Archived</a> March 8, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><br />David Leip's Atlas of US Presidential Elections; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?year=2016&fips=33&f=0&off=0&elect=0">Presidential Election, 2016 in New Hampshire</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mentalfloss.com/article/13012/first-and-last-serious-challenge-electoral-college-system">"The First (And Last) Serious Challenge to the Electoral College System"</a>. <i>mentalfloss.com</i>. December 6, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190202041849/http://mentalfloss.com/article/13012/first-and-last-serious-challenge-electoral-college-system">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mentalfloss.com&rft.atitle=The+First+%28And+Last%29+Serious+Challenge+to+the+Electoral+College+System&rft.date=2014-12-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmentalfloss.com%2Farticle%2F13012%2Ffirst-and-last-serious-challenge-electoral-college-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_senate_manual&docid=sd001_107-41">"Electoral Votes for President and Vice President"</a>. <i>Senate Manual</i>. Government Printing Office. 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111029174917/http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_senate_manual&docid=sd001_107-41">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Senate+Manual&rft.atitle=Electoral+Votes+for+President+and+Vice+President&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrwebgate.access.gpo.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgetdoc.cgi%3Fdbname%3D107_senate_manual%26docid%3Dsd001_107-41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_137-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_137-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1968&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0">"1968 Presidential General Election Data – National"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407150234/https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1968&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1968+Presidential+General+Election+Data+%E2%80%93+National&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS%2Fdata.php%3Fyear%3D1968%26datatype%3Dnational%26def%3D1%26f%3D0%26off%3D0%26elect%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWasson1968" class="citation news cs1">Wasson, Don F. (November 3, 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/571495454/?terms=%22Wallace%22%20%22Humphrey%22%20%22National%20Democratic%20Party%20of%20Alabama%22&match=1">"Alabamians Must Sort Out Most Confusing Ballot in State History"</a>. <i>The Selma Times-Journal</i>. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516222029/https://www.newspapers.com/image/571495454/?terms=%22Wallace%22%20%22Humphrey%22%20%22National%20Democratic%20Party%20of%20Alabama%22&match=1">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Selma+Times-Journal&rft.atitle=Alabamians+Must+Sort+Out+Most+Confusing+Ballot+in+State+History&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1968-11-03&rft.aulast=Wasson&rft.aufirst=Don+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F571495454%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522Wallace%2522%2520%2522Humphrey%2522%2520%2522National%2520Democratic%2520Party%2520of%2520Alabama%2522%26match%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?year=1968&f=1&off=0&elect=0&fips=37&submit=Retrieve">"1968 Presidential General Election Results – North Carolina"</a>. Uselectionatlas.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081103102623/http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?year=1968&f=1&off=0&elect=0&fips=37&submit=Retrieve">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1968+Presidential+General+Election+Results+%E2%80%93+North+Carolina&rft.pub=Uselectionatlas.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS%2Fstate.php%3Fyear%3D1968%26f%3D1%26off%3D0%26elect%3D0%26fips%3D37%26submit%3DRetrieve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100721032858/http://www.gallup.com/poll/9457/election-polls-vote-groups-19681972.aspx">"Election Polls -- Vote by Groups, 1968-1972"</a>. July 21, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/9457/election-polls-vote-groups-19681972.aspx">the original</a> on July 21, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Election+Polls+--+Vote+by+Groups%2C+1968-1972&rft.date=2010-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F9457%2Felection-polls-vote-groups-19681972.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/1968/demo/p25-406.pdf"><i>ESTIMATES OF THE POPULATION VOTING AGE, FOR STATES: NOVEMBER 1, 1968</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220414022614/https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/1968/demo/p25-406.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 14, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ESTIMATES+OF+THE+POPULATION+VOTING+AGE%2C+FOR+STATES%3A+NOVEMBER+1%2C+1968&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2FCensus%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2F1968%2Fdemo%2Fp25-406.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmbrose1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_E._Ambrose" title="Stephen E. Ambrose">Ambrose, Stephen E.</a> (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nixon00ambr"><i>Nixon: The Education of a Politician: 1962–1972</i></a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nixon%3A+The+Education+of+a+Politician%3A+1962%E2%80%931972&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Ambrose&rft.aufirst=Stephen+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnixon00ambr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Boomhower, Ray E. "Fighting the Good Fight: John Bartlow Martin and Hubert Humphrey's 1968 Presidential Campaign." <i>Indiana Magazine of History</i> (2020) 116#1 pp 1–29.</li> <li>Brown, Stuart Gerry. <i>The Presidency on Trial: Robert Kennedy's 1968 Campaign and Afterwards.</i> U. Press of Hawaii, 1972. 155 pp.</li> <li>Burner, David, and West, Thomas R. <i>The Torch Is Passed: The Kennedy Brothers and American Liberalism.</i> (1984). 307 pp.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dan_T._Carter" title="Dan T. Carter">Carter, Dan T.</a> (1995). <i>The Politics of Rage: George Wallace, the Origins of the New Conservatism, and the Transformation of American Politics</i>. LSU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-2597-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-2597-7"><bdi>978-0-8071-2597-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Rage%3A+George+Wallace%2C+the+Origins+of+the+New+Conservatism%2C+and+the+Transformation+of+American+Politics&rft.pub=LSU+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-2597-7&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Dan+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChesterHodgsonPage1969" class="citation book cs1">Chester, Lewis; <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hodgson" title="Godfrey Hodgson">Hodgson, Godfrey</a>; Page, Bruce (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanmelodram00ches"><i>An American Melodrama: The Presidential Campaign of 1968</i></a>. Viking Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-11991-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-11991-2"><bdi>978-0-670-11991-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+American+Melodrama%3A+The+Presidential+Campaign+of+1968&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0-670-11991-2&rft.aulast=Chester&rft.aufirst=Lewis&rft.au=Hodgson%2C+Godfrey&rft.au=Page%2C+Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanmelodram00ches&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Coffey, Justin P. <i>Spiro Agnew and the Rise of the Republican Right</i> (ABC-CLIO, 2015).</li> <li>Cohen, Michael A. <i>American Maelstrom: The 1968 Election and the Politics of Division</i> (Oxford UP, 2016) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/019977756X/">excerpt</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.msu.edu/reviews/showrev.php?id=54162">online review</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConverseMillerRuskWolfe1969" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Converse" title="Philip Converse">Converse, Philip E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Warren_Miller_(political_scientist)" title="Warren Miller (political scientist)">Miller, Warren E.</a>; Rusk, Jerrold G.; Wolfe, Arthur C. (1969). "Continuity And Change In American Politics: Parties and Issues in the 1968 Election". <i>American Political Science Review</i>. <b>63</b> (4): 1083–1105. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1955073">10.2307/1955073</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1955073">1955073</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54762012">54762012</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Political+Science+Review&rft.atitle=Continuity+And+Change+In+American+Politics%3A+Parties+and+Issues+in+the+1968+Election&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1083-1105&rft.date=1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A54762012%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1955073%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1955073&rft.aulast=Converse&rft.aufirst=Philip+E.&rft.au=Miller%2C+Warren+E.&rft.au=Rusk%2C+Jerrold+G.&rft.au=Wolfe%2C+Arthur+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarber1988" class="citation book cs1">Farber, David (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chicago6800farb"><i>Chicago '68</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-23800-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-23800-5"><bdi>978-0-226-23800-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chicago+%2768&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-226-23800-5&rft.aulast=Farber&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchicago6800farb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGould1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_L._Gould" title="Lewis L. Gould">Gould, Lewis L.</a> (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1968electionthat0000goul"><i>1968: The Election that Changed America</i></a></span>. Ivan R. Dee. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56663-010-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56663-010-8"><bdi>978-1-56663-010-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1968%3A+The+Election+that+Changed+America&rft.pub=Ivan+R.+Dee&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-56663-010-8&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=Lewis+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F1968electionthat0000goul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Herzog" title="Arthur Herzog">Herzog, Arthur</a>. <i>McCarthy for President</i> (1969)</li> <li>Jamieson, Patrick E. "Seeing the Lyndon B. Johnson Presidency through the March 31, 1968 Withdrawal Speech." <i>Presidential Studies Quarterly</i> Vol 29#1 1999 pp. 134+</li> <li>Johnstone, Andrew, and Andrew Priest, eds. <i>US Presidential Elections and Foreign Policy: Candidates, Campaigns, and Global Politics from FDR to Bill Clinton</i> (2017) pp 177–202. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/book/50578/">online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimball,_Warren_F." class="mw-redirect" title="Kimball, Warren F.">Kimball, Warren F.</a> "The Election of 1968." <i>Diplomatic History</i> 2004 28(4): 513–528. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0145-2096">0145-2096</a> Fulltext online in SwetsWise, Ingenta and Ebsco. Comments by others at pp. 563–576; reply, p. 577.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKogin1966" class="citation journal cs1">Kogin, Michael (Spring 1966). "Wallace and the Middle Class". <i>Public Opinion Quarterly</i>. <b>30</b> (1): 98. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F267384">10.1086/267384</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Opinion+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Wallace+and+the+Middle+Class&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=98&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F267384&rft.aulast=Kogin&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_LaFeber" title="Walter LaFeber">LaFerber, Walter</a>. <i>The Deadly Bet: LBJ, Vietnam, and the 1968 Election</i> (2005) short survey</li> <li>Lesher, Stephan. <i>George Wallace: American Populist.</i> (1994). 587 pp.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Lichtenstein" title="Nelson Lichtenstein">Lichtenstein, Nelson</a>, ed. <i>Political Profiles: The Johnson Years</i>. 1976. short biographies of 400+ key politicians.</li> <li>Longley, Kyle. <i>LBJ's 1968: Power, Politics, and the Presidency in America's Year of Upheaval</i> (2018) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/LBJs-1968-Politics-Presidency-Americas/dp/1107193036/">excerpt</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayer2002" class="citation journal cs1">Mayer, Jeremy D. (2002). "Nixon Rides the Backlash to Victory: Racial Politics in the 1968 Presidential Campaign". <i>Historian</i>. <b>64</b> (3): 351–366. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1540-6563.2002.tb01487.x">10.1111/j.1540-6563.2002.tb01487.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143272460">143272460</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historian&rft.atitle=Nixon+Rides+the+Backlash+to+Victory%3A+Racial+Politics+in+the+1968+Presidential+Campaign&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=351-366&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1540-6563.2002.tb01487.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143272460%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.aufirst=Jeremy+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Nelson_(political_scientist)" title="Michael Nelson (political scientist)">Nelson, Michael</a>. <i>Resilient America: Electing Nixon in 1968, Channeling Dissent, and Dividing Government</i> (University Press of Kansas; 2014) 360 pages</li> <li>Nelson, Michael. "The Historical Presidency: Lost Confidence: The Democratic Party, the Vietnam War, and the 1968 Election." <i>Presidential Studies Quarterly</i> 48.3 (2018): 570–585.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Nichter" title="Luke Nichter">Nichter, Luke</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Year_That_Broke_Politics:_Collusion_and_Chaos_in_the_Presidential_Election_of_1968" class="mw-redirect" title="The Year That Broke Politics: Collusion and Chaos in the Presidential Election of 1968">The Year That Broke Politics: Collusion and Chaos in the Presidential Election of 1968</a></i> (Yale University Press, 2023) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdiplo.org/to/RT25-18">Six scholars evaluate this book, and Nichter responds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_O%27Mara" title="Margaret O'Mara">O'Mara, Margaret</a>. <i>Pivotal Tuesdays: Four Elections That Shaped the Twentieth Century</i> (2015), compares 1912, 1932, 1968, 1992 in terms of social, economic, and political history</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson2002" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Darcy G. (2002). <i>A Nation Divided: The 1968 Presidential Campaign</i>. iUniverse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-595-23699-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-595-23699-2"><bdi>978-0-595-23699-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Nation+Divided%3A+The+1968+Presidential+Campaign&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-595-23699-2&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Darcy+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRising1997" class="citation book cs1">Rising, George (1997). <i>Clean for Gene: Eugene McCarthy's 1968 Presidential Campaign</i>. Praeger Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-95841-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-95841-1"><bdi>978-0-275-95841-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clean+for+Gene%3A+Eugene+McCarthy%27s+1968+Presidential+Campaign&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-275-95841-1&rft.aulast=Rising&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavage2004" class="citation book cs1">Savage, Sean J. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jfklbjdemocratic00sava_0"><i>JFK, LBJ, and the Democratic Party</i></a>. SUNY Albany Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-6169-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-6169-3"><bdi>978-0-7914-6169-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=JFK%2C+LBJ%2C+and+the+Democratic+Party&rft.pub=SUNY+Albany+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-6169-3&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=Sean+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjfklbjdemocratic00sava_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlesinger1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jr.</a> (1978). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/robertkenn00schl"><i>Robert Kennedy and His Times</i></a></span>. Houghton Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-24897-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-24897-3"><bdi>978-0-395-24897-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Kennedy+and+His+Times&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-395-24897-3&rft.aulast=Schlesinger&rft.aufirst=Arthur+M.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frobertkenn00schl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Schumacher, Michael. <i>The Contest: The 1968 Election and the War for America's Soul</i> (U of Minnesota Press, 2018) 540 pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.msu.edu/reviews/showrev.php?id=54162">online review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Shesol" title="Jeff Shesol">Shesol, Jeff</a>. <i>Mutual Contempt: Lyndon Johnson, Robert Kennedy, and the Feud that Defined a Decade</i> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Small" title="Melvin Small">Small, Melvin</a>. "The Election of 1968", <i>Diplomatic History</i> (2004) 28#4 pp 513–528, on foreign-policy issues <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24914873">online</a></li> <li>Solberg, Carl. <i>Hubert Humphrey</i> (2003), scholarly biography <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0873514734">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li><i>Time.</i> "Wallace's Army: The Coalition Of Frustration", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090412144104/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,902424,00.html"><i>Time</i> October 18, 1968</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUngerUnger1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Irwin_Unger" title="Irwin Unger">Unger, Irwin</a>; Unger, Debi (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turningpoint196800unge"><i>Turning Point: 1968</i></a>. Scribner's. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-18696-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-18696-2"><bdi>978-0-684-18696-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turning+Point%3A+1968&rft.pub=Scribner%27s&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-684-18696-2&rft.aulast=Unger&rft.aufirst=Irwin&rft.au=Unger%2C+Debi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturningpoint196800unge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_B._Woods" title="Randall B. Woods">Woods, Randall</a>. <i>LBJ: Architect of American Ambition</i> (2006)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chester, Edward W. <i>A guide to political platforms</i> (1977) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guidetopolitical0000ches">online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gallup" title="George Gallup">Gallup, George H.</a>, ed. <i>The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1935–1971</i>. 3 vols. Random House, 1972. press releases;</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphrey1976" class="citation book cs1">Humphrey, Hubert H. (1976). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/educationofpubli00hump"><i>The Education of a Public Man: My Life and Politics</i></a></span>. Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-1897-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-1897-2"><bdi>978-0-8166-1897-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Education+of+a+Public+Man%3A+My+Life+and+Politics&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-1897-2&rft.aulast=Humphrey&rft.aufirst=Hubert+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feducationofpubli00hump&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>McCarthy, Eugene. <i>The Year of the People</i> (1969), memoir</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGinniss1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joe_McGinniss" title="Joe McGinniss">McGinniss, Joe</a> (1969). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sellingofpresid00mcgi"><i>The Selling of the President 1968</i></a></span>. Trident Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-82249-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-82249-1"><bdi>978-0-671-82249-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Selling+of+the+President+1968&rft.pub=Trident+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0-671-82249-1&rft.aulast=McGinniss&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsellingofpresid00mcgi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span>; firsthand reporting</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNixon1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon, Richard M.</a> (1978). <i>RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon</i>. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-70741-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-70741-5"><bdi>978-0-671-70741-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=RN%3A+The+Memoirs+of+Richard+Nixon&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-671-70741-5&rft.aulast=Nixon&rft.aufirst=Richard+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rnmemoirsofricha00nixo">online</a></li> <li>Porter, Kirk H., and Donald Bruce Johnson, eds. <i>National party platforms, 1840-1972</i> (1973)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1969" class="citation book cs1">White, Theodore H. (1969). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makingofpresiden0000whit_z6y4"><i>The Making of the President—1968</i></a></span>. Atheneum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-224-61796-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-224-61796-3"><bdi>978-0-224-61796-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+President%E2%80%941968&rft.pub=Atheneum&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0-224-61796-3&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Theodore+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmakingofpresiden0000whit_z6y4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1968+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span>, famous report by American journalist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electionwall.org/1968.php">The Election Wall's 1968 Election Video Page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geoelections.free.fr/USA/elec_comtes/1968.htm">1968 popular vote by counties</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/u/usa/pres/1968.txt">1968 popular vote by states</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/datagraph.php?year=1968&fips=0&f=1&off=0&elect=0">1968 popular vote by states (with bar graphs)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1968">Campaign commercials from the 1968 election</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/video/playerIndex?id=6396535">"LBJ Tapes Implicate Nixon With Treason"</a>. ABC News. December 5, 2008, (video).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.countingthevotes.com/1968/">Election of 1968 in Counting the Votes</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1968 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1968 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1968 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1964)_1968_United_States_presidential_election_(1972_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">← 1964</a>) <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1968 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1968 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Carlson" title="Frank Carlson">Frank Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_P._Case" title="Clifford P. Case">Clifford P. Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Fong" title="Hiram Fong">Hiram Fong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">John Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rhodes" title="Jim Rhodes">Jim Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop_Rockefeller" title="Winthrop Rockefeller">Winthrop Rockefeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Romney" title="George W. Romney">George W. Romney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Romney_1968_presidential_campaign" title="George Romney 1968 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Volpe" title="John A. Volpe">John A. Volpe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention_protests" title="1968 Democratic National Convention protests">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Hubert Humphrey 1968 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Branigin" title="Roger D. Branigin">Roger D. Branigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Crommelin" title="John G. Crommelin">John G. Crommelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_C._Fisher" title="Paul C. Fisher">Paul C. Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson_from_the_1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Lyndon B. Johnson from the 1968 United States presidential election">withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Robert F. Kennedy 1968 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Lynch" title="Thomas C. Lynch">Thomas C. Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Eugene McCarthy 1968 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_K._Moore" title="Dan K. Moore">Dan K. Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channing_E._Phillips" title="Channing E. Phillips">Channing E. Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Smathers" title="George Smathers">George Smathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_M._Young" title="Stephen M. Young">Stephen M. Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800080;"><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Candidates" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace_1968_presidential_campaign" title="George Wallace 1968 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Curtis_LeMay" title="Curtis LeMay">Curtis LeMay</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third_party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">third party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_third_party_and_independent_presidential_candidates,_1968" class="mw-redirect" title="United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 1968">candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D50000;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Charlene_Mitchell" title="Charlene Mitchell">Charlene Mitchell</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Zagarell" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Zagarell">Michael Zagarell</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #00FF00;"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eldridge_Cleaver" title="Eldridge Cleaver">Eldridge Cleaver</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fitzgerald_Dowd" title="Douglas Fitzgerald Dowd">Douglas Fitzgerald Dowd</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/E._Harold_Munn" title="E. Harold Munn">E. Harold Munn</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DD051D;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Henning_A._Blomen" title="Henning A. Blomen">Henning A. Blomen</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Fred_Halstead" title="Fred Halstead">Fred Halstead</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Boutelle" title="Paul Boutelle">Paul Boutelle</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gregory" title="Dick Gregory">Dick Gregory</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pat_Paulsen" title="Pat Paulsen">Pat Paulsen</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pigasus_(politics)" title="Pigasus (politics)">Pigasus</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1968 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1968 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1968 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_and_district_results_of_the_1968_United_States_presidential_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:State_results_of_the_1968_U.S._presidential_election" title="Template:State results of the 1968 U.S. presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:State_results_of_the_1968_U.S._presidential_election" title="Template talk:State results of the 1968 U.S. presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:State_results_of_the_1968_U.S._presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:State results of the 1968 U.S. presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_and_district_results_of_the_1968_United_States_presidential_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">State and district results of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1968 United States presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alabama" title="1968 United States presidential election in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alaska" title="1968 United States presidential election in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arizona" title="1968 United States presidential election in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arkansas" title="1968 United States presidential election in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" title="1968 United States presidential election in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Colorado" title="1968 United States presidential election in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" title="1968 United States presidential election in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" title="1968 United States presidential election in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="1968 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida" title="1968 United States presidential election in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia" title="1968 United States presidential election in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Hawaii" title="1968 United States presidential election in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1968 United States presidential election in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Illinois" title="1968 United States presidential election in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Indiana" title="1968 United States presidential election in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Iowa" title="1968 United States presidential election in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kansas" title="1968 United States presidential election in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kentucky" title="1968 United States presidential election in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Louisiana" title="1968 United States presidential election in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maine" title="1968 United States presidential election in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" title="1968 United States presidential election in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1968 United States presidential election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan" title="1968 United States presidential election in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Minnesota" title="1968 United States presidential election in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Mississippi" title="1968 United States presidential election in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1968 United States presidential election in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Montana" title="1968 United States presidential election in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nebraska" title="1968 United States presidential election in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nevada" title="1968 United States presidential election in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="1968 United States presidential election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" title="1968 United States presidential election in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1968 United States presidential election in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1968 United States presidential election in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Carolina" title="1968 United States presidential election in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1968 United States presidential election in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="1968 United States presidential election in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oklahoma" title="1968 United States presidential election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oregon" title="1968 United States presidential election in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1968 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island" title="1968 United States presidential election in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1968 United States presidential election in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Dakota" title="1968 United States presidential election in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Tennessee" title="1968 United States presidential election in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1968 United States presidential election in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah" title="1968 United States presidential election in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont" title="1968 United States presidential election in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1968 United States presidential election in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Washington_(state)" title="1968 United States presidential election in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_West_Virginia" title="1968 United States presidential election in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1968 United States presidential election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wyoming" title="1968 United States presidential election in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left:1.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1968.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Electoral map, 1968 election"><img alt="Electoral map, 1968 election" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/ElectoralCollege1968.svg/150px-ElectoralCollege1968.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/ElectoralCollege1968.svg/225px-ElectoralCollege1968.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/ElectoralCollege1968.svg/300px-ElectoralCollege1968.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="593" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(1966_←)_1968_United_States_elections_(→_1970)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1968_United_States_elections" title="Template:1968 United States elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1968_United_States_elections" title="Template talk:1968 United States elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1968_United_States_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1968 United States elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(1966_←)_1968_United_States_elections_(→_1970)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_elections" title="1966 United States elections">1966 ←</a>)   <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_elections" title="1968 United States elections">1968 United States elections</a>   (<a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_elections" title="1970 United States elections">→ 1970</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">President</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1968 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">Democratic convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">Republican convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1968 United States Senate elections">U.S.<br />Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alabama" title="1968 United States Senate election in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1968 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona" title="1968 United States Senate election in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" title="1968 United States Senate election in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="1968 United States Senate election in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Colorado" title="1968 United States Senate election in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Connecticut" title="1968 United States Senate election in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Florida" title="1968 United States Senate election in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="1968 United States Senate election in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Hawaii" title="1968 United States Senate election in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Idaho" title="1968 United States Senate election in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Illinois" title="1968 United States Senate election in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="1968 United States Senate election in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Iowa" title="1968 United States Senate election in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kansas" title="1968 United States Senate election in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kentucky" title="1968 United States Senate election in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Louisiana" title="1968 United States Senate election in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maryland" title="1968 United States Senate election in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1968 United States Senate election in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nevada" title="1968 United States Senate election in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="1968 United States Senate election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1968 United States Senate election in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Carolina" title="1968 United States Senate election in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1968 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Ohio" title="1968 United States Senate election in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oklahoma" title="1968 United States Senate election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oregon" title="1968 United States Senate election in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1968 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1968 United States Senate election in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Dakota" title="1968 United States Senate election in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="1968 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="1968 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Washington" title="1968 United States Senate election in Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1968 United States Senate election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections">U.S.<br />House</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Alaska" title="1968 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Arizona" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_California" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Delaware" title="1968 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives election in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Montana" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Nevada" title="1968 United States House of Representatives election in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_Mexico" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Rhode_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_South_Carolina" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_South_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Wyoming" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1968 United States gubernatorial elections">State<br />governors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Arizona_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 Arizona gubernatorial election">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 Arkansas gubernatorial election">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Delaware_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 Delaware gubernatorial election">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 Illinois gubernatorial election">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Indiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 Indiana gubernatorial election">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Iowa_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 Iowa gubernatorial election">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Kansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 Kansas gubernatorial election">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 Missouri gubernatorial election">Missouri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">Lt. Gov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Montana_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 Montana gubernatorial election">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_New_Mexico_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 New Mexico gubernatorial election">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_North_Carolina_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 North Carolina gubernatorial election">North Carolina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_North_Carolina_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 North Carolina lieutenant gubernatorial election">Lt. Gov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_North_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 North Dakota gubernatorial election">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_South_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 South Dakota gubernatorial election">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Washington_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 Washington gubernatorial election">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_West_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 West Virginia gubernatorial election">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1968 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:1968_state_legislature_elections_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1968 state legislature elections in the United States">State <br />legislatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arizona <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Arizona_House_of_Representatives_election" title="1968 Arizona House of Representatives election">Arizona House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Arizona_Senate_election" title="1968 Arizona Senate election">Arizona Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Iowa_Senate_election" title="1968 Iowa Senate election">Iowa Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_presidential_elections" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_presidential_elections" title="Template:United States presidential elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_presidential_elections" title="Template talk:United States presidential elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_presidential_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States presidential elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_presidential_elections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">United States presidential elections</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections by year</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="1788–89 United States presidential election">1788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_presidential_election" title="1820 United States presidential election">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">1844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election" title="1868 United States presidential election">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="1872 United States presidential election">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="1880 United States presidential election">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election" title="1888 United States presidential election">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election" title="1896 United States presidential election">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election" title="1900 United States presidential election">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election" title="1904 United States presidential election">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="1908 United States presidential election">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_United_States_presidential_election" title="2028 United States presidential election"><i>2028</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_by_participation_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="List of states by participation in United States presidential elections">Elections by state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Alabama" title="United States presidential elections in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Alaska" title="United States presidential elections in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Arizona" title="United States presidential elections in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Arkansas" title="United States presidential elections in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_California" title="United States presidential elections in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Colorado" title="United States presidential elections in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Connecticut" title="United States presidential elections in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Delaware" title="United States presidential elections in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States presidential elections in the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Florida" title="United States presidential elections in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Georgia" title="United States presidential elections in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Hawaii" title="United States presidential elections in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Idaho" title="United States presidential elections in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Illinois" title="United States presidential elections in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Indiana" title="United States presidential elections in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Iowa" title="United States presidential elections in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Kansas" title="United States presidential elections in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Kentucky" title="United States presidential elections in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Louisiana" title="United States presidential elections in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Maine" title="United States presidential elections in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Maryland" title="United States presidential elections in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Massachusetts" title="United States presidential elections in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Michigan" title="United States presidential elections in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Minnesota" title="United States presidential elections in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Mississippi" title="United States presidential elections in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Missouri" title="United States presidential elections in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Montana" title="United States presidential elections in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Nebraska" title="United States presidential elections in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Nevada" title="United States presidential elections in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_Hampshire" title="United States presidential elections in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_Jersey" title="United States presidential elections in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_Mexico" title="United States presidential elections in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_York" title="United States presidential elections in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_North_Carolina" title="United States presidential elections in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_North_Dakota" title="United States presidential elections in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Ohio" title="United States presidential elections in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Oklahoma" title="United States presidential elections in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Oregon" title="United States presidential elections in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Pennsylvania" title="United States presidential elections in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Rhode_Island" title="United States presidential elections in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_South_Carolina" title="United States presidential elections in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_South_Dakota" title="United States presidential elections in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Tennessee" title="United States presidential elections in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Texas" title="United States presidential elections in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Utah" title="United States presidential elections in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Vermont" title="United States presidential elections in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Virginia" title="United States presidential elections in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Washington_(state)" title="United States presidential elections in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_West_Virginia" title="United States presidential elections in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Wisconsin" title="United States presidential elections in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Wyoming" title="United States presidential elections in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">Primaries and caucuses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_caucuses" title="Iowa caucuses">Iowa caucuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_presidential_primary" title="New Hampshire presidential primary">New Hampshire presidential primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_presidential_caucuses" title="Nevada presidential caucuses">Nevada presidential caucuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_presidential_primary" title="South Carolina presidential primary">South Carolina presidential primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_nominating_convention" title="United States presidential nominating convention">Nominating conventions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_nominating_conventions_in_the_United_States" title="List of presidential nominating conventions in the United States">List of nominating conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brokered_convention" title="Brokered convention">Brokered convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_bounce" title="Convention bounce">Convention bounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superdelegate" title="Superdelegate">Superdelegate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a><br />and popular vote</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Results <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_summary" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election summary">summary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_in_which_the_winner_lost_the_popular_vote" title="List of United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote">elections in which the winner lost the popular vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_by_Electoral_College_margin" title="List of United States presidential elections by Electoral College margin">Electoral College margins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_election_results_by_state" title="List of United States presidential election results by state">Electoral College results by state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_vote_changes_between_United_States_presidential_elections" title="Electoral vote changes between United States presidential elections">electoral vote changes between elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_received_an_electoral_vote_in_the_United_States_Electoral_College" title="List of people who received an electoral vote in the United States Electoral College">electoral vote recipients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_candidates_by_number_of_votes_received" title="List of United States presidential candidates by number of votes received">popular votes received</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_by_popular_vote_margin" title="List of United States presidential elections by popular vote margin">popular-vote margins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Count_Act" title="Electoral Count Act">Electoral Count Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_ascertainment" title="Certificate of ascertainment">Certificate of ascertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Certificate of vote">Certificate of vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contingent_election" title="Contingent election">Contingent election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faithless_elector" title="Faithless elector">Faithless elector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unpledged_elector" title="Unpledged elector">Unpledged elector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="Voter turnout in United States presidential elections">Voter turnout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._presidential_campaign_slogans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. presidential campaign slogans">Campaign slogans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polling_for_United_States_presidential_elections" title="Polling for United States presidential elections">Historical election polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Day_(United_States)" title="Election Day (United States)">Election Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_major_party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States major party presidential tickets">Major party tickets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States" title="List of unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States">Major party losers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_debates" title="United States presidential debates">Presidential debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_surprise" title="October surprise">October surprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_state" title="Swing state">Swing state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipping-point_state" title="Tipping-point state">Tipping-point state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_recount" title="Election recount">Election recount</a> (<a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_recount_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_straw_polls_in_Guam" title="United States presidential straw polls in Guam">Guam straw poll</a></li> <li>Vice presidential confirmations: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1973_United_States_vice_presidential_confirmation" title="1973 United States vice presidential confirmation">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_vice_presidential_confirmation" title="1974 United States vice presidential confirmation">1974</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="Template:United States House of Representatives elections">House elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Senate_elections" title="Template:United States Senate elections">Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="Template:United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Notable_third-party_performances_in_United_States_elections" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Notable_third-party_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="Template:Notable third-party performances in United States elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Notable_third-party_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="Template talk:Notable third-party performances in United States elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Notable_third-party_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Notable third-party performances in United States elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Notable_third-party_performances_in_United_States_elections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in United States elections">Notable third-party performances in United States elections</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* Third party is endorsed by a major party</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in United States presidential elections">Presidential</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="1788–89 United States presidential election">1788–89</a></b>*</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792</a></b>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="1872 United States presidential election">1872</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election" title="1896 United States presidential election">1896</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senatorial (since 1940)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="1940 United States Senate election in California">California 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1940 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="1940 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1940</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1940 United States Senate election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin 1940</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Minnesota" title="1942 United States Senate special election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1942 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nebraska" title="1942 United States Senate election in Nebraska">Nebraska 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1942 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1944 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1944 United States Senate election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin 1944</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_Senate_elections_in_California" title="1946 United States Senate elections in California">California 1946 (Republican write-in)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="1946 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1946 United States Senate special election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_Senate_election_in_Tennessee" title="1946 United States Senate election in Tennessee">Tennessee 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States Senate election in Arkansas">Arkansas 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alabama" title="1950 United States Senate election in Alabama">Alabama 1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="1950 United States Senate election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire 1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="1952 United States Senate election in California">California 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="1952 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1952 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1952 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1952 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1952</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1954_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1954 United States Senate election in South Carolina">South Carolina 1954 (Democratic write-in)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1954 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="1958 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1958 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1960 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1964 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="1966 United States Senate election in Mississippi">Mississippi 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Virginia" title="1966 United States Senate special election in Virginia">Virginia 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1966 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alabama" title="1968 United States Senate election in Alabama">Alabama 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1968 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maryland" title="1968 United States Senate election in Maryland">Maryland 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1968 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Connecticut" title="1970 United States Senate election in Connecticut">Connecticut 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="1970 United States Senate election in Mississippi">Mississippi 1970</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1970 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1970</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1970 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1970</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election_in_Louisiana" title="1972 United States Senate election in Louisiana">Louisiana 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_Florida" title="1974 United States Senate election in Florida">Florida 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_Hawaii" title="1974 United States Senate election in Hawaii">Hawaii 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nevada" title="1974 United States Senate election in Nevada">Nevada 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1974 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="1974 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1976 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1976</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1976 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1976</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alabama" title="1978 United States Senate election in Alabama">Alabama 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" title="1978 United States Senate election in Arkansas">Arkansas 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="1978 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="1978 United States Senate election in Mississippi">Mississippi 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1980 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_United_States_Senate_election_in_Washington" title="1982 United States Senate election in Washington">Washington 1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_Senate_election_in_Tennessee" title="1984 United States Senate election in Tennessee">Tennessee 1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1990 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1992 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona" title="1992 United States Senate election in Arizona">Arizona 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Hawaii" title="1992 United States Senate election in Hawaii">Hawaii 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Louisiana" title="1992 United States Senate election in Louisiana">Louisiana 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Ohio" title="1992 United States Senate election in Ohio">Ohio 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona" title="1994 United States Senate election in Arizona">Arizona 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1994 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Ohio" title="1994 United States Senate election in Ohio">Ohio 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="1994 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1994 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1996 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1996 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona" title="2000 United States Senate election in Arizona">Arizona 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2000 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="2000 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2002 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kansas" title="2002 United States Senate election in Kansas">Kansas 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2002 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="2002 United States Senate election in Mississippi">Mississippi 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oklahoma" title="2002 United States Senate election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="2002 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oklahoma" title="2004 United States Senate election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma 2004</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_Connecticut" title="2006 United States Senate election in Connecticut">Connecticut 2006</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2006 United States Senate election in Indiana">Indiana 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="2006 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 2006</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="2006 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont 2006</a></b>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" title="2008 United States Senate election in Arkansas">Arkansas 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Idaho" title="2008 United States Senate election in Idaho">Idaho 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="2008 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oregon" title="2008 United States Senate election in Oregon">Oregon 2008</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2010 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 2010 (Republican write-in)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Florida" title="2010 United States Senate election in Florida">Florida 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2010 United States Senate election in Indiana">Indiana 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Carolina" title="2010 United States Senate election in South Carolina">South Carolina 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="2010 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2012 United States Senate election in Indiana">Indiana 2012</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="2012 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 2012</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maryland" title="2012 United States Senate election in Maryland">Maryland 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="2012 United States Senate election in Missouri">Missouri 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Montana" title="2012 United States Senate election in Montana">Montana 2012</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="2012 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont 2012</a></b>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kansas" title="2014 United States Senate election in Kansas">Kansas 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Dakota" title="2014 United States Senate election in South Dakota">South Dakota 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wyoming" title="2014 United States Senate election in Wyoming">Wyoming 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2016 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona" title="2016 United States Senate election in Arizona">Arizona 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Idaho" title="2016 United States Senate election in Idaho">Idaho 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2016 United States Senate election in Indiana">Indiana 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kansas" title="2016 United States Senate election in Kansas">Kansas 2016</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="2018 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 2018</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_Mexico" title="2018 United States Senate election in New Mexico">New Mexico 2018</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="2018 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont 2018</a></b>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2020 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 2020</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" title="2020 United States Senate election in Arkansas">Arkansas 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="2020 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nebraska" title="2020 United States Senate election in Nebraska">Nebraska 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_Idaho" title="2022 United States Senate election in Idaho">Idaho 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" title="2022 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="2022 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah 2022</a>*</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="2024 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 2024</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nebraska" title="2024 United States Senate election in Nebraska">Nebraska 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="2024 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah 2024</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="2024 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont 2024</a></b>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_performances_in_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="List of third-party performances in United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a> (since 1940)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1940 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1940 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1942 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1942 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_New_York_state_election" title="1942 New York state election">New York 1942</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1942_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1942 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin 1942</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_North_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="1944 North Dakota gubernatorial election">North Dakota 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1944 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1946 California gubernatorial election">California 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1950 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1952 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1952 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1954 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Nebraska_gubernatorial_election" title="1956 Nebraska gubernatorial election">Nebraska 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1956 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="1956 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="1958 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1958 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_North_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="1960 North Dakota gubernatorial election">North Dakota 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1962 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1965 Virginia gubernatorial election">Virginia 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Alabama_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Alabama gubernatorial election">Alabama 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Georgia gubernatorial election">Georgia 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Idaho_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Idaho gubernatorial election">Idaho 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Maryland_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Maryland gubernatorial election">Maryland 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 New York gubernatorial election">New York 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Alabama_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 Alabama gubernatorial election">Alabama 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 Arkansas gubernatorial election">Arkansas 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">New Hampshire 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 New York gubernatorial election">New York 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Mississippi_gubernatorial_election" title="1971 Mississippi gubernatorial election">Mississippi 1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="1972 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">New Hampshire 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1972 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Washington_gubernatorial_election" title="1972 Washington gubernatorial election">Washington 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1973 Virginia gubernatorial election">Virginia 1973</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1974_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1974</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Nebraska_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Nebraska gubernatorial election">Nebraska 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Nevada_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Nevada gubernatorial election">Nevada 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1976 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 California gubernatorial election">California 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Arizona_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Arizona gubernatorial election">Arizona 1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Hawaii_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Hawaii gubernatorial election">Hawaii 1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Arizona_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Arizona gubernatorial election">Arizona 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Illinois gubernatorial election">Illinois 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="1988 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah 1988</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1990_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1990</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1990_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut 1990</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Kansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Kansas gubernatorial election">Kansas 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 New York gubernatorial election">New York 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Oregon_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Oregon gubernatorial election">Oregon 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_West_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 West Virginia gubernatorial election">West Virginia 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Hawaii_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Hawaii gubernatorial election">Hawaii 1994</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1994_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1994</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_New_Mexico_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 New Mexico gubernatorial election">New Mexico 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Pennsylvania_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election">Pennsylvania 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1998</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1998_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1998</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1998_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 1998</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 New York gubernatorial election">New York 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Pennsylvania_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election">Pennsylvania 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Kentucky_gubernatorial_election" title="1999 Kentucky gubernatorial election">Kentucky 1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">New Hampshire 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Arizona_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Arizona gubernatorial election">Arizona 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_California_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 California gubernatorial election">California 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_New_Mexico_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 New Mexico gubernatorial election">New Mexico 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 New York gubernatorial election">New York 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Illinois gubernatorial election">Illinois 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="2007 Louisiana gubernatorial election">Louisiana 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="2008 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_New_Jersey_gubernatorial_election" title="2009 New Jersey gubernatorial election">New Jersey 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Colorado_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Colorado gubernatorial election">Colorado 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Idaho_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Idaho gubernatorial election">Idaho 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 2010</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2010_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 2010</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Wyoming_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Wyoming gubernatorial election">Wyoming 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Kentucky_gubernatorial_election" title="2011 Kentucky gubernatorial election">Kentucky 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="2013 Virginia gubernatorial election">Virginia 2013</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2014_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 2014</a></b>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hawaii_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Hawaii gubernatorial election">Hawaii 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Wyoming_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Wyoming gubernatorial election">Wyoming 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Kansas_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Kansas gubernatorial election">Kansas 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Indiana_gubernatorial_election" title="2020 Indiana gubernatorial election">Indiana 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="2020 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 2020</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2022 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Idaho_gubernatorial_election" title="2022 Idaho gubernatorial election">Idaho 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Oregon_gubernatorial_election" title="2022 Oregon gubernatorial election">Oregon 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_North_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="2024 North Dakota gubernatorial election">North Dakota 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="2024 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah 2024 (Republican write-in)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territorial Governors (since 1970)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1970 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="1972 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Washington,_D.C.,_mayoral_election" title="1974 Washington, D.C., mayoral election">District of Columbia 1974</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1974</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1978 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1978</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="1980 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1986 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="1988 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1990</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1994 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1994</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="2000 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Northern_Mariana_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Northern Mariana Islands gubernatorial election">Northern Mariana Islands 2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 2002</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2005_Northern_Mariana_Islands_general_election" title="2005 Northern Mariana Islands general election">Northern Mariana Islands 2005</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 2006</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2009_Northern_Mariana_Islands_general_election" title="2009 Northern Mariana Islands general election">Northern Mariana Islands 2009</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Washington,_D.C.,_mayoral_election" title="2010 Washington, D.C., mayoral election">District of Columbia 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Washington,_D.C.,_mayoral_election" title="2014 Washington, D.C., mayoral election">District of Columbia 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Northern_Mariana_Islands_general_election" title="2014 Northern Mariana Islands general election">Northern Mariana Islands 2014</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 2014</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="2016 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Washington,_D.C.,_mayoral_election" title="2018 Washington, D.C., mayoral election">District of Columbia 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Guamanian_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Guamanian gubernatorial election">Guam 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Northern_Mariana_Islands_general_election" title="2018 Northern Mariana Islands general election">Northern Mariana Islands 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="2020 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Washington,_D.C.,_mayoral_election" title="2022 Washington, D.C., mayoral election">District of Columbia 2022</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2022_Northern_Mariana_Islands_general_election" title="2022 Northern Mariana Islands general election">Northern Mariana Islands 2022</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" title="2022 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="2024 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_performances_in_United_States_state_legislative_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="List of third-party performances in United States state legislative elections">State legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_Alaska_state_legislative_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in Alaska state legislative elections">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_Hawaii_state_legislative_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in Hawaii state legislative elections">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_Louisiana_state_legislative_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in Louisiana state legislative elections">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_Montana_state_legislative_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in Montana state legislative elections">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_West_Virginia_state_legislative_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in West Virginia state legislative elections">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_Wyoming_state_legislative_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in Wyoming state legislative elections">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party (U.S. politics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in United States elections">List of third-party and independent performances in United States elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Third-party and independent members of the United States Congress">Third-party and independent members of the United States Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Richard_Nixon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Richard_Nixon" title="Template:Richard Nixon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Richard_Nixon" title="Template talk:Richard Nixon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Richard_Nixon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Richard Nixon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Richard_Nixon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">37th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1969–1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">36th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1953–1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_California" title="List of United States senators from California">from California</a> (1950–1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/California%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="California's 12th congressional district">CA–12</a> (1947–1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidency of Richard Nixon">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidential transition of Richard Nixon">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Richard_Nixon" title="First inauguration of Richard Nixon">First inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Second inauguration of Richard Nixon">Second inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine" title="Nixon Doctrine">Nixon Doctrine</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bring_Us_Together" title="Bring Us Together">Bring Us Together</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixonomics" title="Nixonomics">Economic policies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_shock" title="Nixon shock">Nixon shock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_Baby_Option" class="mw-redirect" title="Tar Baby Option">Tar Baby Option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reorganization_Plan_No._3" class="mw-redirect" title="Reorganization Plan No. 3">creation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Nixon_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">Space exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_Cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Cancer">1971 National Cancer Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Menu" title="Operation Menu">Cambodian bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Accords" title="Paris Peace Accords">Paris Peace Accords</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Peace_with_Honor" title="Peace with Honor">Peace with Honor</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamization" title="Vietnamization">Vietnamization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_majority" title="Silent majority">Silent majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1962%E2%80%931979)" title="Cold War (1962–1979)">Cold War period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linkage_(policy)" title="Linkage (policy)">Linkage policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Drug_Abuse_Prevention_and_Control_Act_of_1970" title="Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970">Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_visit_to_the_Lincoln_Memorial" title="Richard Nixon's visit to the Lincoln Memorial">1970 Lincoln Memorial visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">1972 visit to China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Communiqu%C3%A9" title="Shanghai Communiqué">Shanghai Communiqué</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Summit_(1972)" title="Moscow Summit (1972)">1972 Moscow Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ballistic_Missile_Treaty" title="Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty">Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">SALT I Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War">Prevention of Nuclear War Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threshold_Test_Ban_Treaty" title="Threshold Test Ban Treaty">Threshold Test Ban Treaty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act_of_1973" title="Endangered Species Act of 1973">Endangered Species Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafer_Commission" title="Shafer Commission">National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_Drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Drugs">War on Drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration#History_and_mandate" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">Drug Enforcement Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Richard_Nixon_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Richard Nixon administration">Cannabis policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon%27s_Enemies_List" title="Nixon's Enemies List">Enemies List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Master_list_of_Nixon%27s_political_opponents" title="Master list of Nixon's political opponents">list of opponents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_CHAOS" title="Operation CHAOS">Operation CHAOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Watergate_scandal" title="Timeline of the Watergate scandal">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_White_House_tapes" title="Nixon White House tapes">White House tapes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Nixon" title="United States v. Nixon">United States v. Nixon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Watergate_Committee" title="United States Senate Watergate Committee">Senate Watergate Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_process_against_Richard_Nixon" title="Impeachment process against Richard Nixon">impeachment process</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_am_not_a_crook" class="mw-redirect" title="I am not a crook">I am not a crook</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal#Resignation" title="Watergate scandal">Resignation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_resignation_speech" title="Richard Nixon's resignation speech">speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardon_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Pardon of Richard Nixon">Pardon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1970 State of the Union Address">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1971 State of the Union Address">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1972 State of the Union Address">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1973 State of the Union Address">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1974 State of the Union Address">1974</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_desk" title="Wilson desk">Wilson desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Richard_Nixon" title="List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Richard Nixon Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Richard Nixon judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Richard_Milhous_Nixon/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Richard Milhous Nixon/Executive orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Richard_Milhous_Nixon/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Richard Milhous Nixon/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and<br />politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Foundation" title="Richard Nixon Foundation">Richard Nixon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum">Presidential Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birthplace_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Birthplace of Richard Nixon">Birthplace and boyhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkers_speech" title="Checkers speech">Checkers speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Richard_Nixon%27s_motorcade" title="Attack on Richard Nixon's motorcade">1958 motorcade attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Debate" title="Kitchen Debate">Kitchen Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_40" title="Operation 40">Operation 40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_November_1962_press_conference" title="Richard Nixon's November 1962 press conference">"Last press conference"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_White_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida White House">Florida White House</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/La_Casa_Pacifica" title="La Casa Pacifica">La Casa Pacifica</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_National_Interest" title="Center for the National Interest">Nixon Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nixon_v._General_Services_Administration" title="Nixon v. General Services Administration">Nixon v. General Services Administration</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Death and state funeral of Richard Nixon">Death and state funeral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Six_Crises" title="Six Crises"><i>Six Crises</i> (1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Bibliography of Richard Nixon">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Electoral history of Richard Nixon">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>U.S. House of Representatives: <a href="/wiki/1946_California%27s_12th_congressional_district_election" title="1946 California's 12th congressional district election">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections">1948</a></li> <li>U.S. Senate: <a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="1950 United States Senate election in California">1950</a></li> <li>California gubernatorial election: <a href="/wiki/1962_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1962 California gubernatorial election">1962</a></li> <li>GOP presidential primaries: <a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Republican Party presidential primaries">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Republican Party presidential primaries">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Republican Party presidential primaries">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Republican Party presidential primaries">1972</a></li> <li>GOP national conventions: <a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention" title="1952 Republican National Convention">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention" title="1956 Republican National Convention">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_National_Convention" title="1960 Republican National Convention">1960</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1960_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1960 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1968 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_National_Convention" title="1972 Republican National Convention">1972</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1972_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1972 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>Presidential elections: <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidential transition of Dwight D. Eisenhower">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1960 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidential transition of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Cultural depictions of Richard Nixon">Popular<br />culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Nixon_goes_to_China" title="Nixon goes to China">Nixon goes to China</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millhouse_(film)" title="Millhouse (film)"><i>Millhouse</i> (1971 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Evening_with_Richard_Nixon" title="An Evening with Richard Nixon">An Evening with Richard Nixon</a></i> (1972 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_(film)" title="Richard (film)">Richard</a></i> (1972 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Another_Nice_Mess" title="Another Nice Mess">Another Nice Mess</a></i> (1972 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_More_Years" title="Four More Years"><i>Four More Years</i> (1972 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeach_the_President" title="Impeach the President"><i>Impeach the President</i> (1973 song)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Werewolf_of_Washington" title="The Werewolf of Washington">The Werewolf of Washington</a></i> (1973 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Madness" title="White House Madness"><i>White House Madness</i> (1975 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_President%27s_Men_(film)" title="All the President's Men (film)"><i>All the President's Men</i> (1976 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Public_Burning" title="The Public Burning">The Public Burning</a></i> (1977 novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington:_Behind_Closed_Doors" title="Washington: Behind Closed Doors">Washington: Behind Closed Doors</a></i> (1977 miniseries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Honor" title="Secret Honor"><i>Secret Honor</i> (1984 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_in_China" title="Nixon in China"><i>Nixon in China</i> (1987 opera)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Days_(1989_film)" title="The Final Days (1989 film)">The Final Days</a></i> (1989 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_(film)" title="Nixon (film)"><i>Nixon</i> (1995 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Meets_Nixon" title="Elvis Meets Nixon"><i>Elvis Meets Nixon</i> (1997 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Futurama_characters#Richard_Nixon" title="List of Futurama characters">Futurama</a></i> (1999 TV series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_(film)" title="Dick (film)"><i>Dick</i> (1999 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nixon%27s_China_Game" title="Nixon's China Game">Nixon's China Game</a></i> (2000 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Side_of_the_Moon_(2002_film)" title="Dark Side of the Moon (2002 film)">Dark Side of the Moon</a></i> (2002 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Assassination_of_Richard_Nixon" title="The Assassination of Richard Nixon">The Assassination of Richard Nixon</a></i> (2004 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_interviews" title="Nixon interviews">Frost–Nixon interviews</a> (<a href="/wiki/Frost/Nixon_(play)" title="Frost/Nixon (play)">2006 play</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frost/Nixon_(film)" title="Frost/Nixon (film)">2008 film</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Dynamite" title="Black Dynamite">Black Dynamite</a></i> (2009 film)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Impossible_Astronaut" title="The Impossible Astronaut">The Impossible Astronaut</a>" (2011 TV episode)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Nixon" title="Our Nixon"><i>Our Nixon</i> (2013 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/X-Men:_Days_of_Future_Past" title="X-Men: Days of Future Past">X-Men: Days of Future Past</a></i> (2014 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crooked_(novel)" title="Crooked (novel)">Crooked</a></i> (2015 novel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_%26_Nixon" title="Elvis & Nixon"><i>Elvis & Nixon</i> (2016 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Post_(film)" title="The Post (film)">The Post</a></i> (2017 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Watergate_(board_game)" title="Watergate (board game)">Watergate</a></i> (2019 board game)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Richard_M._Nixon" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. postage stamp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Recordings_and_Materials_Preservation_Act" title="Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act">Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Townhouse" title="Presidential Townhouse">Presidential Townhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_mask" title="Richard Nixon mask">Richard Nixon mask</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Staff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Brennan" title="Jack Brennan">Jack Brennan</a> (aide de camp)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Chotiner" title="Murray Chotiner">Murray Chotiner</a> (early campaign manager)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manolo_Sanchez_(Nixon_staff_member)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manolo Sanchez (Nixon staff member)">Manolo Sanchez</a> (valet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Mary_Woods" title="Rose Mary Woods">Rose Mary Woods</a> (secretary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Nixon" title="Pat Nixon">Thelma "Pat" Ryan Nixon</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricia_Nixon_Cox" title="Tricia Nixon Cox">Tricia Nixon Cox</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Nixon_Eisenhower" title="Julie Nixon Eisenhower">Julie Nixon Eisenhower</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nixon_Cox" title="Christopher Nixon Cox">Christopher Nixon Cox</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Eisenhower" title="Jennie Eisenhower">Jennie Eisenhower</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_A._Nixon" title="Francis A. Nixon">Francis A. Nixon</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Milhous_Nixon" title="Hannah Milhous Nixon">Hannah Milhous Nixon</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Nixon" title="Donald Nixon">Donald Nixon</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Nixon" title="Edward Nixon">Edward Nixon</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">← Lyndon B. Johnson</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Richard_Nixon" title="Category:Richard Nixon">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hubert_Humphrey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hubert_Humphrey" title="Template:Hubert Humphrey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hubert_Humphrey" title="Template talk:Hubert Humphrey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hubert_Humphrey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hubert Humphrey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hubert_Humphrey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">38th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1965–1969) • <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator from Minnesota</a> (1949–1964, 1971–1978)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party">Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention#Hubert_Humphrey's_Address" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948 Civil Rights speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey%E2%80%93Hawkins_Full_Employment_Act" title="Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act">Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Hubert_Humphrey" title="Electoral history of Hubert Humphrey">Electoral history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1948 United States Senate election in Minnesota">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1954 United States Senate election in Minnesota">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1960 United States Senate election in Minnesota">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1970 United States Senate election in Minnesota">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1976 United States Senate election in Minnesota">1976</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey#Presidential_and_vice-presidential_ambitions_(1952–1964)" title="Hubert Humphrey">1960 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Hubert Humphrey 1968 presidential campaign">1968 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="1968 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention_protest_activity" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 Democratic National Convention protest activity">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidential transition of Richard Nixon">Nixon transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey#1972_presidential_campaign" title="Hubert Humphrey">1972 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Lyndon B. Johnson 1964 presidential campaign">1964 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="1964 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey#1968_presidential_campaign" title="Hubert Humphrey">1968 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson_from_the_1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Lyndon B. Johnson from the 1968 United States presidential election">Johnson withdrawal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_(film)" title="Primary (film)"><i>Primary</i> (1960 documentary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey_Metrodome" title="Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome">Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_School_of_Public_Affairs" title="Humphrey School of Public Affairs">Humphrey School of Public Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey_Building" title="Hubert H. Humphrey Building">Hubert H. Humphrey Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family and<br />personal life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Humphrey" title="Muriel Humphrey">Muriel Humphrey</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skip_Humphrey" title="Skip Humphrey">Hubert "Skip" Humphrey III</a> (son)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">← Lyndon B. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Hubert_Humphrey" title="Category:Hubert Humphrey">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gubernatorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1962_Alabama_gubernatorial_election" title="1962 Alabama gubernatorial election">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Alabama_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 Alabama gubernatorial election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Alabama_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Alabama gubernatorial election">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Alabama_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Alabama gubernatorial election">1982</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1964 presidential campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace_1968_presidential_campaign" title="George Wallace 1968 presidential campaign">1968 presidential campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1972 presidential campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1976 presidential campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace%27s_1963_Inaugural_Address" title="George Wallace's 1963 Inaugural Address">1963 Inaugural Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand_in_the_Schoolhouse_Door" title="Stand in the Schoolhouse Door">Stand in the Schoolhouse Door</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Auditorium" title="Foster Auditorium">Foster Auditorium</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crisis:_Behind_a_Presidential_Commitment" title="Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment">Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment</a></i> (1963 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bremer" title="Arthur Bremer">Arthur Bremer</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Assassin%27s_Diary" title="An Assassin's Diary">An Assassin's Diary</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace_(film)" title="George Wallace (film)">George Wallace</a></i> (1997 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace_Tunnel" title="George Wallace Tunnel">George Wallace Tunnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693742#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693742#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span 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