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background:#F6F6F6; font-size:100%; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0; float:right; padding:5px; margin:5px; text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr><th style="background-color: #2B2B2B; padding-top: 0.25em; padding-bottom: 0.25em; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0; color:white; font-size:130%; text-align: center;">2025 State<br />Legislative Elections</th></tr> <tr><td style="padding-top: 10px;" colspan="2"><div style="float:right; margin-top: 0.0em; margin-bottom:3px; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px lightgray; background-color: white; padding: 0.25em 0.5em 0.25em 0.5em; font-size: 110%; border:0px;"><b><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2026" title="State legislative elections, 2026">2026</a></b> <span style="font-size: larger;font-weight: bold;">»</span></div> <div style="float:left; margin-top: 0.0em; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px lightgray; margin-bottom:3px; background-color: white; padding: 0.25em 0.5em 0.25em 0.5em; font-size: 110%; border:0px;"><span style="font-size: larger;font-weight: bold;">«</span> <b><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2024" title="State legislative elections, 2024">2024</a></b> </div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="padding-top: 9px; padding-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;"><img alt="Ballotpedia Election Coverage Badge.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/9/92/Ballotpedia_Election_Coverage_Badge.png/185px-Ballotpedia_Election_Coverage_Badge.png" decoding="async" width="185" height="185" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/9/92/Ballotpedia_Election_Coverage_Badge.png/278px-Ballotpedia_Election_Coverage_Badge.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/9/92/Ballotpedia_Election_Coverage_Badge.png/370px-Ballotpedia_Election_Coverage_Badge.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="792" /></td></tr> <tr><td style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px lightgray; padding: 0.25em 0em 0.25em .7em; font-size:105%;"><center><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2025 elections</a></b></center></td></tr><tr><td><center><b>Choose a state below:</b></center></td></tr><tr><td><center><div class="SingleDropdown"><select id="dropdownOne" class="styled-dropdown"><option value="New Jersey General Assembly elections, 2025">New Jersey House</option><option value="Virginia House of Delegates elections, 2025">Virginia House</option></select><button value="Submit" class="form-control" text="Submit">Submit</button></div></center></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Two of the country's 99 state legislative chambers are holding regularly-scheduled elections in 2025. Elections in those two chambers represent 180 of the country's 7,386 state legislative seats (2.4%). </p><p>General elections in <a href="/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> and <a href="/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> will take place on <a href="/Ballotpedia:Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Calendar">November 4, 2025</a>. </p><p>Off-year elections in Virginia are often studied as a forecast of the broader political trends to expect from the following year's national elections.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> The <i>New York Times'</i> Neil Vigdor wrote in December 2024, "In recent elections, Virginia has become a vessel for millions of dollars in spending by outside groups, and its open governor’s seat and divided legislature appears likely to continue that trend."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> </p><p>States are also holding <a href="/State_legislative_special_elections,_2025" title="State legislative special elections, 2025">special state legislative elections</a> in 2025 to fill vacant seats. <a href="/State_legislative_special_elections,_2025" title="State legislative special elections, 2025">Click here for more</a>. </p><p><br /> </p><p><b>On this page you will find:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="#Partisan_balance">Nationwide partisan balance figures</a></li> <li><a href="#Trifectas">State government trifecta statuses</a></li> <li><a href="#Elections_by_state">States holding elections</a></li> <li><a href="#State_legislative_special_elections">Special election information</a></li> <li><a href="#Historical_competitiveness_data">Competitiveness data</a></li> <li><a href="#Political_context">Political context</a></li></ul> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Partisan_balance"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Partisan balance</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Trifectas"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Trifectas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Elections_by_state"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Elections by state</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#State_House"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">State House</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#State_House_2"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">State House</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#What's_on_your_ballot?"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">What's on your ballot?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Battleground_chambers"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Battleground chambers</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#State_legislative_special_elections"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">State legislative special elections</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Historical_competitiveness_data"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Historical competitiveness data</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Impact_of_term_limits"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Impact of term limits</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Election_dates"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Election dates</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Political_context"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Political context</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Changes_in_chamber_partisan_control,_2010_to_2023"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Changes in chamber partisan control, 2010 to 2023</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Trifectas_from_2010_to_2023"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Trifectas from 2010 to 2023</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Footnotes"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Partisan_balance">Partisan balance</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Partisan_composition_of_state_legislatures" title="Partisan composition of state legislatures">Partisan composition of state legislatures</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>As of <b>January 19th, 2025</b>, Republicans controlled <b>55.56%</b> of all state legislative seats nationally, while Democrats held <b>43.56%</b>. Republicans held a majority in <b>57</b> chambers, and Democrats held the majority in <b>40</b> chambers. <b>Two</b> chambers (<a href="/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">Alaska House</a> and <a href="/Alaska_State_Senate" title="Alaska State Senate">Alaska Senate</a>) were organized under multipartisan, power-sharing coalitions. </p> <center> <table class="bptable" cellspacing="10" cellpadding="10" border="0" style="margin:auto; width:50%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9" style="background-color:#2B2B2B; color: white;">Partisan balance of all 7,386 state legislative seats </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Legislative chamber </th> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party"><img alt="Democratic Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> </th> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party"><img alt="Republican Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> </th> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><a href="/File:Grey.png" class="image"><img alt="Grey.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/a/a7/Grey.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> Other </th> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Vacant </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Partisan_composition_of_state_senates" title="Partisan composition of state senates">State senates</a> </td> <td align="center">829 </td> <td align="center">1,120 </td> <td align="center">4 </td> <td align="center">20 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Partisan_composition_of_state_houses" title="Partisan composition of state houses">State houses</a> </td> <td align="center">2,388 </td> <td align="center">2,984 </td> <td align="center">19 </td> <td align="center">22 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Total:</b> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>3,217</b> <p><b></b> </p> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>4,104</b> <p><b></b> </p> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>23</b> <p><b></b> </p> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>42</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Trifectas">Trifectas</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/State_government_trifectas" title="State government trifectas">State government trifectas</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i><a href="/State_government_trifectas" title="State government trifectas">State government trifecta</a></i> is a term to describe single-party government, when one political party holds the governorship and majorities in both chambers of the state legislature. The figures and map below reflect <b>current</b> trifecta statuses. These will change as candidates who won an election last cycle are sworn in. To see a summary of trifecta results in the most recent election, <b>click <a href="/Election_results,_2024:_State_government_trifectas" title="Election results, 2024: State government trifectas">here</a></b>. </p> <p>As of January 19, 2025, there are 23 Republican trifectas, 15 Democratic trifectas, and 12 divided governments where neither party holds trifecta control.</p> <center> <iframe title="Current state government trifectas" aria-label="Map" id="datawrapper-chart-K9Tim" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/K9Tim/65/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 70% !important; border: none;" height="624"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(e){if(void 0!==e.data["datawrapper-height"]){var t=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var a in e.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++){if(t[r].contentWindow===e.source)t[r].style.height=e.data["datawrapper-height"][a]+"px"}}}))}(); </script></center> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Elections_by_state">Elections by state</span></h2> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><ul class="nav nav-stacked panel-group" id="headertabs-ul"><li class="panel"><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#headertabs-ul" href="#tab1" style="background:#eee;">New Jersey (click to expand)</a><div id="tab1" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><p>New Jersey's state assembly members are elected to two-year terms. New Jersey legislators assume office at noon on the second Tuesday in January following the election.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="State_House">State House</span></h4> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/New_Jersey_General_Assembly_elections,_2025" title="New Jersey General Assembly elections, 2025">New Jersey General Assembly elections, 2025</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><big><b>New Jersey General Assembly Current Party Control</b></big><b><br /></b> </p> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1" style="width:37%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" align="center" valign="bottom" style="background-color:#008; color: white;">Party </th> <th valign="bottom" style="background-color:#008; color: white; width:12em;">As of January 2025 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" width="26px"><span style="background-color:#00b;">    </span> </td> <td><a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party">Democratic Party</a> </td> <td align="center">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" width="26px"><span style="background-color:#b00;">    </span> </td> <td><a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party">Republican Party</a> </td> <td align="center">28 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" width="26px"><span style="background-color:#fff;">    </span> </td> <td>Other </td> <td align="center">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" width="26px"><span style="background-color:#fff;">    </span> </td> <td>Vacancies </td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" align="center" style="background-color:#008; color: white;"><b>Total</b> </th> <th align="center"><b> 80 </b> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p></div></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><ul class="nav nav-stacked panel-group" id="headertabs-ul"><li class="panel"><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#headertabs-ul" href="#tab2" style="background:#eee;">Virginia (click to expand)</a><div id="tab2" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><p>Virginia's state representatives are elected to two-year terms. Virginia legislators assume office the second Wednesday in January after the election.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="State_House_2">State House</span></h4> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Virginia_House_of_Delegates_elections,_2025" title="Virginia House of Delegates elections, 2025">Virginia House of Delegates elections, 2025</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><big><b>Virginia House of Delegates Current Party Control</b></big><b><br /></b> </p> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1" style="width:37%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" align="center" valign="bottom" style="background-color:#008; color: white;">Party </th> <th valign="bottom" style="background-color:#008; color: white; width:12em;">As of January 2025 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" width="26px"><span style="background-color:#00b;">    </span> </td> <td><a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party">Democratic Party</a> </td> <td align="center">51 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" width="26px"><span style="background-color:#b00;">    </span> </td> <td><a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party">Republican Party</a> </td> <td align="center">49 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" width="26px"><span style="background-color:#fff;">    </span> </td> <td>Other </td> <td align="center">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" width="26px"><span style="background-color:#fff;">    </span> </td> <td>Vacancies </td> <td align="center">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" align="center" style="background-color:#008; color: white;"><b>Total</b> </th> <th align="center"><b> 100 </b> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p></div></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <h2><span id="What.27s_on_your_ballot.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="What's_on_your_ballot?">What's on your ballot?</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Sample_Ballot_Lookup" title="Sample Ballot Lookup">Sample Ballot Lookup</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>  <script src="https://sample-ballot-v3.s3.amazonaws.com/iframe-resizer/iframeResizer.min.js"></script>  </p><div class="iframe-container" id="iframe-container"> <iframe src="https://sblv3.ballotpedia.org/address" id="sample-ballot" frameborder="0"></iframe> </div>  <script> if (window.innerWidth <= 600) { const iframeElement = document.getElementById('sample-ballot'); iframeElement.addEventListener('load', () => { iFrameResize({ log: true, minHeight: 700}, '#sample-ballot') }); } </script> <script> // Stop sending message to iFrame after iFrame indicates it received the data window.addEventListener('message', (event) => { if (event.data === 'data-received') { console.log('message received from App to stop sending Data'); 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border: 1px solid #ccc; } @media screen and (max-width: 600px) { iframe { width: 1px; min-width: 100%; } } </style> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Battleground_chambers">Battleground chambers</span></h2> <p>As of December 16, 2024, Ballotpedia was tracking one state legislative <a href="/Ballotpedia:Battlegrounds" title="Ballotpedia:Battlegrounds">battleground</a> chamber in 2025. </p><p><iframe title="States with battleground chambers in 2025" aria-label="Map" id="datawrapper-chart-nSeUO" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/nSeUO/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="446" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p><p>The columns in the chart below list the following: </p> <ul><li><b>Seats up in 2025:</b> This is the number of seats that are up for election in 2025.</li> <li><b>Margin</b>: This is the difference in seats between the majority and minority parties.</li> <li><b>Majority share of seats:</b> This is the percentage of the chamber's seats controlled by the majority party.</li> <li><b>Last time party control changed:</b> This is the election where the current majority took control of the chamber.</li></ul> <table class="marqueetable sortable collapsible" style="border:1px solid #424949; border-radius:5px; text-align=center;" cellpadding="6px" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5" align="center" style="background-color: #424949; color:white;">State legislative battleground chambers, 2025 </th></tr> <tr> <th valign="middle" style="background-color:#bbccee; color: black;" rowspan="1">Chamber </th> <th valign="middle" style="background-color:#bbccee; color: black;" rowspan="1">Offices up in 2025 </th> <th valign="middle" style="background-color:#bbccee; color: black;" rowspan="1">Margin </th> <th valign="middle" style="background-color:#bbccee; color: black;" rowspan="1">Majority share of seats </th> <th valign="middle" style="background-color:#bbccee; color: black;" rowspan="1">Last time party control changed </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Virginia_House_of_Delegates" title="Virginia House of Delegates">Virginia House of Delegates</a></td> <td><center>All 100</center></td> <td><center>TBD</center></td> <td><center>51%</center></td> <td><center>2023</center> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="State_legislative_special_elections">State legislative special elections</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/State_legislative_special_elections,_2025" title="State legislative special elections, 2025">State legislative special elections, 2025</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>As of January 2025, 22 <a href="/State_legislative_special_elections,_2025" title="State legislative special elections, 2025">state legislative special elections</a> have been scheduled for 2025 in 13 states. Between 2011 and 2023, an average of 68 special elections took place each year. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Historical_competitiveness_data">Historical competitiveness data</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Annual_State_Legislative_Competitiveness_Report:_Vol._13,_2023" title="Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 13, 2023">Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 13, 2023</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Ballotpedia began examining the <a href="/Comparing_the_competitiveness_index_for_state_legislative_elections" title="Comparing the competitiveness index for state legislative elections">competitiveness</a> of every state legislative race in the country in 2010. Three factors are used in this analysis: seats where the incumbent did not run for re-election, incumbents who ran in contested primaries, and seats contested by both major parties. </p><p>The following table details competitiveness data collected from regularly scheduled state legislative elections between 2010 and 2023. Odd-year elections are shown grouped together first followed by even-year elections.<br /> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="align: center; border: 0px; background: white; text-align: center; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" align="center" style="background-color: #424949; color:white"><b>Competitiveness in state legislative elections (2010-2023)</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;width:12%">Year </th> <th rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;width:11%">Total seats </th> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;width:22%">Open seats </th> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;width:22%">No major party competition </th> <th rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;width:11%"><span class="simple-tooltip simple-tooltip-inline" data-simple-tooltip="<p>The number of incumbents who were seeking re-election at the time of the primary. </p>">Incs. running</span> </th> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;width:22%">Incs. in contested primaries </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#E5E7E9; border-radius:0px;width:11%"># </th> <th style="background-color:#E5E7E9; border-radius:0px;width:11%">% </th> <th style="background-color:#E5E7E9; border-radius:0px;width:11%"># </th> <th style="background-color:#E5E7E9; border-radius:0px;width:11%">% </th> <th style="background-color:#E5E7E9; border-radius:0px;width:11%"># </th> <th style="background-color:#E5E7E9; border-radius:0px;width:11%">% </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="9" align="center" style="background-color:#D5D8DC; color: black;">Odd-year elections </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Annual_State_Legislative_Competitiveness_Report:_Vol._13,_2023" title="Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 13, 2023">2023</a></td> <td>578</td> <td>138</td> <td>23.9%</td> <td>319</td> <td>55.2%</td> <td>443</td> <td>115</td> <td>26.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Annual_State_Legislative_Competitiveness_Report:_Vol._11,_2021" title="Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 11, 2021">2021</a></td> <td>220</td> <td>13</td> <td>5.9%</td> <td>9</td> <td>4.1%</td> <td>137</td> <td>24</td> <td>17.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Annual_State_Legislative_Competitiveness_Report:_Vol._9,_2019" title="Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 9, 2019">2019</a></td> <td>538</td> <td>105</td> <td>19.5%</td> <td>301</td> <td>55.9%</td> <td>433</td> <td>125</td> <td>28.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Annual_State_Legislative_Competitiveness_Report:_Vol._7,_2017" title="Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 7, 2017">2017</a></td> <td>220</td> <td>20</td> <td>9.1%</td> <td>45</td> <td>20.5%</td> <td>200</td> <td>32</td> <td>16.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Annual_State_Legislative_Competitiveness_Report:_Vol._5,_2015" title="Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 5, 2015">2015</a></td> <td>538</td> <td>79</td> <td>14.7%</td> <td>332</td> <td>61.7%</td> <td>460</td> <td>107</td> <td>23.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Annual_State_Legislative_Competitiveness_Report:_Vol._3,_2013" title="Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 3, 2013">2013</a></td> <td>220</td> <td>15</td> <td>6.8%</td> <td>61</td> <td>27.7%</td> <td>205</td> <td>24</td> <td>11.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Annual_State_Legislative_Competitiveness_Report:_Vol._1,_2011" title="Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 1, 2011">2011</a></td> <td>578</td> <td>98</td> <td>17.0%</td> <td>312</td> <td>54.0%</td> <td>485</td> <td>104</td> <td>21.4% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="9" align="center" style="background-color:#D5D8DC; color: black;">Even-year elections </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Annual_State_Legislative_Competitiveness_Report:_Vol._12,_2022" title="Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 12, 2022">2022</a></td> <td>6,278</td> <td>1,492</td> <td>23.8%</td> <td>2,560</td> <td>40.8%</td> <td>4,852</td> <td>1,299</td> <td>26.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Annual_State_Legislative_Competitiveness_Report:_Vol._10,_2020" title="Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 10, 2020">2020</a></td> <td>5,875</td> <td>876</td> <td>14.9%</td> <td>2,044</td> <td>34.8%</td> <td>4,999</td> <td>1,006</td> <td>20.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Annual_State_Legislative_Competitiveness_Report:_Vol._8,_2018" title="Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 8, 2018">2018</a></td> <td>6,065</td> <td>1,194</td> <td>19.7%</td> <td>2,045</td> <td>33.7%</td> <td>4,874</td> <td>1,082</td> <td>22.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Annual_State_Legislative_Competitiveness_Report:_Vol._6,_2016" title="Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 6, 2016">2016</a></td> <td>5,916</td> <td>1,032</td> <td>17.4%</td> <td>2,508</td> <td>42.4%</td> <td>4,887</td> <td>985</td> <td>20.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Annual_State_Legislative_Competitiveness_Report:_Vol._4,_2014" title="Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 4, 2014">2014</a></td> <td>6,051</td> <td>1,019</td> <td>16.8%</td> <td>2,663</td> <td>44.0%</td> <td>5,041</td> <td>983</td> <td>19.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Annual_State_Legislative_Competitiveness_Report:_Vol._2,_2012" title="Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 2, 2012">2012</a></td> <td>6,013</td> <td>1,314</td> <td>21.9%</td> <td>2,384</td> <td>39.6%</td> <td>4,790</td> <td>1,117</td> <td>23.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/2010_state_legislative_elections_analyzed_using_a_Competitiveness_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 state legislative elections analyzed using a Competitiveness Index">2010</a></td> <td>6,127</td> <td>1,143</td> <td>18.7%</td> <td>2,142</td> <td>35.0%</td> <td>4,984</td> <td>995</td> <td>20.0% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Impact_of_term_limits">Impact of term limits</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/State_legislatures_with_term_limits" title="State legislatures with term limits">State legislatures with term limits</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>At the time of the 2025 elections, legislators in New Jersey and Virginia are not subject to term limits. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Election_dates">Election dates</span></h2> <p>The following table details 2025 state legislative filing deadlines and primary dates in each state. The signature filing deadline is the date by which candidates must file nominating signatures with election officials in order to have their names placed on the ballot. </p> <table class="bptable" cellspacing="10" cellpadding="10" border="0" style="margin:auto; width:70%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" align="center" style="background-color: #2B2B2B; color: white;">2021 election dates </th></tr> <tr> <th valign="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>State</b> </th> <th valign="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Filing deadline</b> </th> <th valign="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Primary election</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2025#New_Jersey" title="State legislative elections, 2025">New Jersey</a></td> <td>March 24</td> <td>June 10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2025#Virginia" title="State legislative elections, 2025">Virginia</a></td> <td>April 3</td> <td>June 17 </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_context">Political context</span></h2> <p>The 2025 cycle is the first election cycle after the <a href="/Presidential_election,_2024" title="Presidential election, 2024">2024 presidential election</a>. Both chambers in New Jersey and the Virginia House held elections in <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2023" title="State legislative elections, 2023">2023</a>. </p> <h3><span id="Changes_in_chamber_partisan_control.2C_2010_to_2023"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Changes_in_chamber_partisan_control,_2010_to_2023">Changes in chamber partisan control, 2010 to 2023</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Partisan_composition_of_state_legislatures" title="Partisan composition of state legislatures">Partisan composition of state legislatures</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>From 2010 to 2023, 41 chambers switched control: 21 switched control once, 15 switched control twice, four switched control four times, and one—the <a href="/New_Hampshire_House_of_Representatives" title="New Hampshire House of Representatives">New Hampshire House of Representatives</a>—switched control five times. During that same time, there were 58 chambers that did not switch control. </p><p>Before the 2010 elections, Democrats controlled 60 of the country's 99 state legislative chambers, Republicans controlled 37, and neither party controlled the remaining two chambers. After the 2023 elections, Democrats controlled 41 chambers and Republicans controlled 56. Multipartisan majorities controlled the Alaska Senate and House. </p><p>Most changes in partisan control came from major elections, but some also came through special elections (Louisiana House in 2010; Washington Senate in 2017) and party-switching (Louisiana House in 2010; Mississippi Senate in 2011). In some cases, the party that gained control did not have a numerical majority but instead controlled the chamber through a <a href="/Unique_chamber_leadership_arrangements_in_state_legislatures,_1994-Present" title="Unique chamber leadership arrangements in state legislatures, 1994-Present">bipartisan coalition</a> (i.e., Alaska House in 2016). This table does not account for changes in party control or ties in a chamber that lasted for less than one year and were not the result of a regularly scheduled election. An example of this is the brief period of Democratic control in the Virginia State Senate in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> </p><p><b>For this chart, a red box indicates that the chamber changed from Democratic to Republican control, and a blue box indicates that the chamber changed from Republican to Democratic control.</b><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> </p> <table class="bptable" cellspacing="10" cellpadding="10" border="0" style="margin:auto; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="12" align="center" style="background-color: #2B2B2B; color: white;"><i>Chamber changes in partisan control: 2010-2023</i> </th></tr> <tr> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Party changes in 2010</b> </th> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Party changes in 2011</b> </th> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Party changes in 2012</b> </th> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Party changes in 2014</b> </th> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Party changes in 2016</b> </th> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Party changes in 2017</b> </th> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Party changes in 2018</b> </th> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Party changes in 2019</b> </th> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Party changes in 2020</b> </th> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Party changes in 2021</b> </th> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Party changes in 2022</b> </th> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Party changes in 2023</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Alabama Senate</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Louisiana Senate</b><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Alaska Senate</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Colorado Senate</b></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Alaska House</b></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Washington Senate</b></td> <td style="background: #854c89; color: white" align="center"><b>Alaska House</b><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Virginia Senate</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>New Hampshire Senate</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Virginia House</b></td> <td style="background: #854c89; color: white" align="center"><b>Alaska Senate</b><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Virginia House</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Alabama House</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Mississippi Senate</b><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Arkansas Senate</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Maine Senate</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Iowa Senate</b></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Colorado Senate</b></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Virginia House</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>New Hampshire House</b></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Michigan House</b></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Colorado House</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Mississippi House</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Arkansas House</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Minnesota House</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Kentucky House</b></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Maine Senate</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Michigan Senate</b></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Indiana House</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Virginia Senate</b><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Colorado House</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Nevada Senate</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Minnesota Senate</b></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Minnesota House</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Minnesota Senate</b></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Iowa House</b></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Maine Senate</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Nevada House</b></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Nevada Senate</b></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>New Hampshire House</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Pennsylvania House</b><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Louisiana House</b><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Maine House</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>New Hampshire House</b></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Nevada House</b></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>New Hampshire Senate</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Maine Senate</b></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Minnesota Senate</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>New Mexico House</b></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>New Mexico House</b></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>New York Senate</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Maine House</b></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Minnesota House</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>West Virginia Senate</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Michigan House</b></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>New Hampshire House</b></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>West Virginia House</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Minnesota Senate</b></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #44c; color: white" align="center"><b>Oregon House</b><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Minnesota House</b></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Washington Senate</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Montana House</b><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>New Hampshire Senate</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>New Hampshire House</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>New York Senate</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>North Carolina Senate</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>North Carolina House</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Ohio House</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #854c89; color: white" align="center"><b>Oregon House</b><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup><b></b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Pennsylvania House</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Wisconsin Senate</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #c44; color: white" align="center"><b>Wisconsin House</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total changes: 22</td> <td>Total changes: 4</td> <td>Total changes: 11</td> <td>Total changes: 9</td> <td>Total changes: 7</td> <td>Total changes: 1</td> <td>Total changes: 7</td> <td>Total changes: 2</td> <td>Total changes: 2</td> <td>Total changes: 1</td> <td>Total changes: 5</td> <td>Total changes: 1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> The chart below shows how many chambers each party controlled <i>after</i> the November elections in a given year. </p> <table class="bptable" cellspacing="10" cellpadding="10" border="0" style="margin:auto; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6" align="center" style="background-color: #2B2B2B; color: white;"><i>Partisan control of state legislative chambers: 2010-2023</i> </th></tr> <tr> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Election</b> </th> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Democratic chambers</b> </th> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Republican chambers</b> </th> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Other</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Before 2010</td> <td>60</td> <td>37</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td>38</td> <td>59</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td>35</td> <td>60</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td>41</td> <td>56</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td>41</td> <td>56</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014</td> <td>30</td> <td>68</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015</td> <td>30</td> <td>68</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016</td> <td>31</td> <td>68</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017</td> <td>32</td> <td>67</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018</td> <td>37</td> <td>61</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019</td> <td>39</td> <td>59</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020</td> <td>37</td> <td>61</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021</td> <td>36</td> <td>62</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022</td> <td>40</td> <td>57</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023</td> <td>41</td> <td>56</td> <td>2 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> <iframe title="Party control of state legislative chambers (2010-2021)" aria-label="Interactive line chart" id="datawrapper-chart-bi09V" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/bi09V/3/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="486"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(e){if(void 0!==e.data["datawrapper-height"]){var t=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var a in e.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++){if(t[r].contentWindow===e.source)t[r].style.height=e.data["datawrapper-height"][a]+"px"}}}))}(); </script> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Trifectas_from_2010_to_2023">Trifectas from 2010 to 2023</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/State_government_trifectas" title="State government trifectas">State government trifectas</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>A state government trifecta occurs when one political party controls the primary levers of power in a state: the governor's office, the state Senate, and the state House. From 2010 to 2018, the Republican Party increased its number of trifectas and the Democratic Party saw a decline in its trifectas. Democrats picked up six trifectas in the 2018 elections, and Republicans lost four trifectas. Following the 2021 elections, the Democratic trifecta in Virginia became a split government after Republicans gained control of the <a href="/Virginia_House_of_Delegates" title="Virginia House of Delegates">state House</a> and <a href="/Governor_of_Virginia" title="Governor of Virginia">governorship</a>. After the 2023 elections, the divided government in Louisiana became a Republican trifecta when <a href="/Jeff_Landry" title="Jeff Landry">Jeff Landry</a> (R) won election as governor. </p><p>This chart shows the number of trifectas each party held heading into elections from 2010 to 2023, and the number of trifectas following the 2023 elections. </p> <table class="bptable" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" border="0" style="margin:auto; width:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6" align="center" style="background-color: #2B2B2B; color: white;"><i>Trifectas by year: 2010-2023</i> </th></tr> <tr> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Election</b> </th> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Democratic trifectas</b> </th> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Republican trifectas</b> </th> <th align="middle" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>States under divided government</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Pre-2010 elections</td> <td>17</td> <td>10</td> <td>23 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pre-2012 elections</td> <td>11</td> <td>22</td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pre-2014 elections</td> <td>12</td> <td>24</td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pre-2016 elections</td> <td>7</td> <td>23</td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pre-2018 elections</td> <td>8</td> <td>26</td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pre-2020 elections</td> <td>15</td> <td>21</td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pre-2021 elections</td> <td>15</td> <td>23</td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pre-2022 elections</td> <td>14</td> <td>23</td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Post-2022 elections</td> <td>17</td> <td>22</td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pre-2023 elections</td> <td>17</td> <td>22</td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Post-2023 elections</td> <td>17</td> <td>23</td> <td>10 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <p><iframe title=" Pre-2023 state government trifectas" aria-label="Map" id="datawrapper-chart-X1Bhx" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/X1Bhx/2/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="442" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p><div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"); });</script></div><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <ul><li>Signature requirements and deadlines for 2025 state government elections</li> <li><a href="/Comparing_the_competitiveness_index_for_state_legislative_elections" title="Comparing the competitiveness index for state legislative elections">Comparing the competitiveness index for state legislative elections</a></li> <li><a href="/State_legislative_special_elections,_2025" title="State legislative special elections, 2025">State legislative special elections, 2025</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other elections</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/State_executive_official_elections,_2025" title="State executive official elections, 2025">State executive official elections, 2025</a></li> <li><a href="/State_supreme_court_elections,_2025" title="State supreme court elections, 2025">State supreme court elections, 2025</a></li> <li><a href="/United_States_municipal_elections,_2025" title="United States municipal elections, 2025">United States municipal elections, 2025</a></li> <li><a href="/2025_ballot_measures" title="2025 ballot measures">2025 ballot measures</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes">Footnotes</span></h2> <p> <script type="text/javascript"> if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; </script> </p> <div class="references-small"><div class="mobile-columns"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/newsletters/politico-nightly/2023/11/03/virginia-is-the-bellwether-to-watch-next-week-00125374"><i>Politico</i>, "Virginia is the bellwether to watch next week," November 11, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/02/us/politics/2025-elections-what-to-watch.html"><i>New York Times</i>, December 2, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/lawsconstitution/constitution.asp"><i>New Jersey Constitution</i>, "Article IV, Section II (2.)," accessed February 10, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title24.2/chapter2/section24.2-214/"><i>Virginia Legislative Information System</i>, "Code of Virginia - § 24.2-214. Election and term of Senators." accessed January 6, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title24.2/chapter2/section24.2-215/"><i>Virginia Legislative Information System</i>, "Code of Virginia - § 24.2-215. Election and term of members of the House of Delegates." accessed January 6, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/amid-firestorm-of-criticism-virginia-democrats-resignation-becomes-official/2014/06/09/b04d6760-efd3-11e3-914c-1fbd0614e2d4_story.html?utm_term=.143834b897fe"><i>The Washington Post</i>, "Virginia Republicans snatched control of the state Senate, ended budget-Medicaid impasse," June 9, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">2015 and 2013 are not included because no chambers changed those years.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The chamber first changed from Democratic to Republican control in a February 2011 special election. Republicans increased their majority to 24-15 in the 2011 elections.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/02/20/gop-candidate-wins-lousiana-senate-special-election-shifting-majority.html"><i>Fox News</i>, "GOP Candidate Wins Lousiana [<i>sic</i>] Senate Special Election, Shifting Majority," February 20, 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chamber went from being controlled by a Democratic-led bipartisan coalition to being led by a coalition with power split between the parties.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Chamber went from a Republican majority to a bipartisan governing coalition.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The chamber changed partisan control prior to the 2011 elections due to Democrats switching to the Republican Party and special election wins by Republicans. Republicans increased their majority in the 2011 elections to 31-21.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/thefix/democratic-party/southern-democrats.html"><i>The Washington Post</i>, "Southern Democrats in dire straits; 2011 looms large," January 11, 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>In the 2011 elections, the chamber changed from a 22-18 Democratic advantage to a 20-20 tie. Republicans effectively controlled the chamber because Lieutenant Gov. <a href="/Bill_Bolling" title="Bill Bolling">Bill Bolling</a> (R) could cast tie-breaking votes.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Democrats won a majority of seats, but did not have a majority when the legislative session began due to vacancies created during the interim.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>This chamber did not hold elections in 2010. It switched partisan control in December 2010 when Democrat Noble Ellington <a href="/State_legislators_who_have_switched_political_party_affiliation" title="State legislators who have switched political party affiliation">changed his party affiliation</a> to Republican. In the regularly-scheduled 2011 elections, Republicans increased their majority to 58-45.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2010/12/louisiana_republicans_take_fir.html"><i>Nola.com</i>, "Louisiana Republicans take first House majority since Reconstruction with latest party switch," December 17, 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>In this election, the Oregon House changed from a 30-30 tie to a 34-26 Democratic advantage.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>This chamber went from a 50-50 tie to a 68-32 Republican advantage in the 2010 elections.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>This chamber went from a 36-24 Democratic advantage to a 30-30 tie in the 2010 elections.</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#bbccee;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:State_legislatures" title="Template:State legislatures"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#bbccee;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:State_legislatures&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><big><a href="/State_Legislatures" title="State Legislatures">State legislatures</a></big></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><a href="/State_legislatures" class="mw-redirect" title="State legislatures">Legislatures</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/Alabama_State_Legislature" title="Alabama State Legislature">Alabama</a> (<a href="/Alabama_House_of_Representatives" title="Alabama House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Alabama_State_Senate" title="Alabama State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Alaska_State_Legislature" title="Alaska State Legislature">Alaska</a> (<a href="/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Alaska_State_Senate" title="Alaska State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Arizona_State_Legislature" title="Arizona State Legislature">Arizona</a> (<a href="/Arizona_House_of_Representatives" title="Arizona House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Arizona_State_Senate" title="Arizona State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Arkansas_General_Assembly" title="Arkansas General Assembly">Arkansas</a> (<a href="/Arkansas_House_of_Representatives" title="Arkansas House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Arkansas_State_Senate" title="Arkansas State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">California</a> (<a href="/California_State_Assembly" title="California State Assembly">A</a>, <a href="/California_State_Senate" title="California State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Colorado_General_Assembly" title="Colorado General Assembly">Colorado</a> (<a href="/Colorado_House_of_Representatives" title="Colorado House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Colorado_State_Senate" title="Colorado State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Connecticut_State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Connecticut State Legislature">Connecticut</a> (<a href="/Connecticut_House_of_Representatives" title="Connecticut House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Connecticut_State_Senate" title="Connecticut State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">Delaware</a> (<a href="/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Delaware_State_Senate" title="Delaware State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Florida_State_Legislature" title="Florida State Legislature">Florida</a> (<a href="/Florida_House_of_Representatives" title="Florida House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Florida_State_Senate" title="Florida State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Georgia_General_Assembly" title="Georgia General Assembly">Georgia</a> (<a href="/Georgia_House_of_Representatives" title="Georgia House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Georgia_State_Senate" title="Georgia State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Hawaii_State_Legislature" title="Hawaii State Legislature">Hawaii</a> (<a href="/Hawaii_House_of_Representatives" title="Hawaii House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Hawaii_State_Senate" title="Hawaii State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Idaho_State_Legislature" title="Idaho State Legislature">Idaho</a> (<a href="/Idaho_House_of_Representatives" title="Idaho House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Idaho_State_Senate" title="Idaho State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Illinois_General_Assembly" title="Illinois General Assembly">Illinois</a> (<a href="/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Illinois_State_Senate" title="Illinois State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Indiana_General_Assembly" title="Indiana General Assembly">Indiana</a> (<a href="/Indiana_House_of_Representatives" title="Indiana House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Indiana_State_Senate" title="Indiana State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Iowa_General_Assembly" title="Iowa General Assembly">Iowa</a> (<a href="/Iowa_House_of_Representatives" title="Iowa House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Iowa_State_Senate" title="Iowa State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Kansas_State_Legislature" title="Kansas State Legislature">Kansas</a> (<a href="/Kansas_House_of_Representatives" title="Kansas House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Kansas_State_Senate" title="Kansas State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Kentucky_General_Assembly" title="Kentucky General Assembly">Kentucky</a> (<a href="/Kentucky_House_of_Representatives" title="Kentucky House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Kentucky_State_Senate" title="Kentucky State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Louisiana_State_Legislature" title="Louisiana State Legislature">Louisiana</a> (<a href="/Louisiana_House_of_Representatives" title="Louisiana House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Louisiana_State_Senate" title="Louisiana State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Maine_State_Legislature" title="Maine State Legislature">Maine</a> (<a href="/Maine_House_of_Representatives" title="Maine House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Maine_State_Senate" title="Maine State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Maryland_General_Assembly" title="Maryland General Assembly">Maryland</a> (<a href="/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">H</a>, <a href="/Maryland_State_Senate" title="Maryland State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">Massachusetts</a> (<a href="/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Massachusetts_State_Senate" title="Massachusetts State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Michigan_State_Legislature" title="Michigan State Legislature">Michigan</a> (<a href="/Michigan_House_of_Representatives" title="Michigan House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Michigan_State_Senate" title="Michigan State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Minnesota_State_Legislature" title="Minnesota State Legislature">Minnesota</a> (<a href="/Minnesota_House_of_Representatives" title="Minnesota House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Minnesota_State_Senate" title="Minnesota State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Mississippi_State_Legislature" title="Mississippi State Legislature">Mississippi</a> (<a href="/Mississippi_House_of_Representatives" title="Mississippi House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Mississippi_State_Senate" title="Mississippi State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Missouri_General_Assembly" title="Missouri General Assembly">Missouri</a> (<a href="/Missouri_House_of_Representatives" title="Missouri House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Missouri_State_Senate" title="Missouri State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Montana_State_Legislature" title="Montana State Legislature">Montana</a> (<a href="/Montana_House_of_Representatives" title="Montana House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Montana_State_Senate" title="Montana State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Nebraska_State_Senate_(Unicameral)" title="Nebraska State Senate (Unicameral)">Nebraska</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Nevada_State_Legislature" title="Nevada State Legislature">Nevada</a> (<a href="/Nevada_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevada Assembly">A</a>, <a href="/Nevada_State_Senate" title="Nevada State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/New_Hampshire_General_Court" title="New Hampshire General Court">New Hampshire</a> (<a href="/New_Hampshire_House_of_Representatives" title="New Hampshire House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/New_Hampshire_State_Senate" title="New Hampshire State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/New_Jersey_State_Legislature" title="New Jersey State Legislature">New Jersey</a> (<a href="/New_Jersey_General_Assembly" title="New Jersey General Assembly">GA</a>, <a href="/New_Jersey_State_Senate" title="New Jersey State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/New_Mexico_State_Legislature" title="New Mexico State Legislature">New Mexico</a> (<a href="/New_Mexico_House_of_Representatives" title="New Mexico House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/New_Mexico_State_Senate" title="New Mexico State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">New York</a> (<a href="/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">A</a>, <a href="/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/General_Assembly_of_North_Carolina" title="General Assembly of North Carolina">North Carolina</a> (<a href="/North_Carolina_House_of_Representatives" title="North Carolina House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/North_Carolina_State_Senate" title="North Carolina State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/North_Dakota_Legislative_Assembly" title="North Dakota Legislative Assembly">North Dakota</a> (<a href="/North_Dakota_House_of_Representatives" title="North Dakota House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/North_Dakota_State_Senate" title="North Dakota State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Ohio_General_Assembly" title="Ohio General Assembly">Ohio</a> (<a href="/Ohio_House_of_Representatives" title="Ohio House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Ohio_State_Senate" title="Ohio State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Oklahoma_State_Legislature" title="Oklahoma State Legislature">Oklahoma</a> (<a href="/Oklahoma_House_of_Representatives" title="Oklahoma House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Oklahoma_State_Senate" title="Oklahoma State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Oregon_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon Legislative Assembly">Oregon</a> (<a href="/Oregon_House_of_Representatives" title="Oregon House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Oregon_State_Senate" title="Oregon State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Pennsylvania_General_Assembly" title="Pennsylvania General Assembly">Pennsylvania</a> (<a href="/Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" title="Pennsylvania House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Pennsylvania_State_Senate" title="Pennsylvania State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Rhode_Island_General_Assembly" title="Rhode Island General Assembly">Rhode Island</a> (<a href="/Rhode_Island_House_of_Representatives" title="Rhode Island House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Rhode_Island_State_Senate" title="Rhode Island State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/South_Carolina_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="South Carolina General Assembly">South Carolina</a> (<a href="/South_Carolina_House_of_Representatives" title="South Carolina House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/South_Carolina_State_Senate" title="South Carolina State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/South_Dakota_State_Legislature" title="South Dakota State Legislature">South Dakota</a> (<a href="/South_Dakota_House_of_Representatives" title="South Dakota House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/South_Dakota_State_Senate" title="South Dakota State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Tennessee_General_Assembly" title="Tennessee General Assembly">Tennessee</a> (<a href="/Tennessee_House_of_Representatives" title="Tennessee House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Tennessee_State_Senate" title="Tennessee State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Texas_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Legislature">Texas</a> (<a href="/Texas_House_of_Representatives" title="Texas House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Texas_State_Senate" title="Texas State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Utah_State_Legislature" title="Utah State Legislature">Utah</a> (<a href="/Utah_House_of_Representatives" title="Utah House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Utah_State_Senate" title="Utah State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Vermont_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermont General Assembly">Vermont</a> (<a href="/Vermont_House_of_Representatives" title="Vermont House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Vermont_State_Senate" title="Vermont State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/Virginia_General_Assembly" title="Virginia General Assembly">Virginia</a> (<a href="/Virginia_House_of_Delegates" title="Virginia House of Delegates">H</a>, <a href="/Virginia_State_Senate" title="Virginia State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Washington_State_Legislature" title="Washington State Legislature">Washington</a> (<a href="/Washington_State_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington State House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Washington_State_Senate" title="Washington State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/West_Virginia_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="West Virginia Legislature">West Virginia</a> (<a href="/West_Virginia_House_of_Delegates" title="West Virginia House of Delegates">H</a>, <a href="/West_Virginia_State_Senate" title="West Virginia State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Wisconsin_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisconsin Legislature">Wisconsin</a> (<a href="/Wisconsin_State_Assembly" title="Wisconsin State Assembly">A</a>, <a href="/Wisconsin_State_Senate" title="Wisconsin State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Wyoming_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyoming Legislature">Wyoming</a> (<a href="/Wyoming_House_of_Representatives" title="Wyoming House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Wyoming_State_Senate" title="Wyoming State Senate">S</a>)</span> <hr /></div></td><td style="width:1%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding-left:0.5em;" rowspan="17"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/State_Legislatures" title="State Legislatures"><img alt="SLP badge.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/e/ee/SLP_badge.png/130px-SLP_badge.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/e/ee/SLP_badge.png/195px-SLP_badge.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/e/ee/SLP_badge.png/260px-SLP_badge.png 2x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="1016" /></a></div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2025</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">State legislative elections (2025)</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_special_elections,_2025" title="State legislative special elections, 2025">State legislative special elections (2025)</a> • Primary dates and filing requirements • <a href="/Dates_of_2025_state_legislative_sessions" title="Dates of 2025 state legislative sessions">2025 Session Dates</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2024" title="State legislative elections, 2024">2024</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2024" title="State legislative elections, 2024">State legislative elections (2024)</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_special_elections,_2024" title="State legislative special elections, 2024">State legislative special elections (2024)</a> • <a href="/Signature_requirements_and_deadlines_for_2024_state_government_elections" title="Signature requirements and deadlines for 2024 state government elections">Primary dates and filing requirements</a> • <a href="/Dates_of_2024_state_legislative_sessions" title="Dates of 2024 state legislative sessions">2024 Session Dates</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2023" title="State legislative elections, 2023">2023</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2023" title="State legislative elections, 2023">State legislative elections (2023)</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_special_elections,_2023" title="State legislative special elections, 2023">State legislative special elections (2023)</a> • <a href="/Signature_requirements_and_deadlines_for_2023_state_government_elections" title="Signature requirements and deadlines for 2023 state government elections">Primary dates and filing requirements</a> • <a href="/Dates_of_2023_state_legislative_sessions" title="Dates of 2023 state legislative sessions">2023 Session Dates</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;">Historical elections</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2022" title="State legislative elections, 2022">2022</a> •  <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2021" title="State legislative elections, 2021">2021</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2020" title="State legislative elections, 2020">2020</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2019" title="State legislative elections, 2019">2019</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2018" title="State legislative elections, 2018">2018</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2017" title="State legislative elections, 2017">2017</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2016" title="State legislative elections, 2016">2016</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2015" title="State legislative elections, 2015">2015</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2014" title="State legislative elections, 2014">2014</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2013" title="State legislative elections, 2013">2013</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2012" title="State legislative elections, 2012">2012</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2011" title="State legislative elections, 2011">2011</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2010" title="State legislative elections, 2010">2010</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2009" title="State legislative elections, 2009">2009</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2008" title="State legislative elections, 2008">2008</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2007" title="State legislative elections, 2007">2007</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2006" title="State legislative elections, 2006">2006</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2005" title="State legislative elections, 2005">2005</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2004" title="State legislative elections, 2004">2004</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2003" title="State legislative elections, 2003">2003</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2002" title="State legislative elections, 2002">2002</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2001" title="State legislative elections, 2001">2001</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2000" title="State legislative elections, 2000">2000</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><a href="/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">Features of <br />state legislatures</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/How_vacancies_are_filled_in_state_legislatures" title="How vacancies are filled in state legislatures">How vacancies are filled in state legislatures</a> • <a href="/States_with_a_full-time_legislature" title="States with a full-time legislature">States with a full-time legislature</a> • <a href="/State_legislatures_with_term_limits" title="State legislatures with term limits">State legislatures with term limits</a> • <a href="/Comparison_of_state_legislative_salaries" title="Comparison of state legislative salaries">Comparison of state legislative salaries</a> • <a href="/When_state_legislators_assume_office_after_a_general_election" title="When state legislators assume office after a general election">When state legislators assume office after a general election</a> • <a href="/Population_represented_by_state_legislators" title="Population represented by state legislators">Population represented by state legislators</a> • <a href="/State_constitutional_articles_governing_state_legislatures" title="State constitutional articles governing state legislatures">State constitutional articles governing state legislatures</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_sessions" title="State legislative sessions">State legislative sessions</a> • <a href="/Resign-to-run_law" title="Resign-to-run law">Resign-to-run law</a> • <a href="/State_legislature_candidate_requirements_by_state" title="State legislature candidate requirements by state">State legislature candidate requirements by state</a> • <a href="/Official_names_of_state_legislatures" title="Official names of state legislatures">Official names of state legislatures</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_chambers_that_use_multi-member_districts" title="State legislative chambers that use multi-member districts">State legislative chambers that use multi-member districts</a> • <a href="/Factors_Affecting_Competitiveness_in_State_Legislative_Elections" title="Factors Affecting Competitiveness in State Legislative Elections">Factors Affecting Competitiveness in State Legislative Elections</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><a href="/State_senates" title="State senates">State senates</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Length_of_terms_of_state_senators" title="Length of terms of state senators">Length of terms of state senators</a> • <a href="/State_senators" title="State senators">State senators</a> • <a href="/Partisan_composition_of_state_senates" title="Partisan composition of state senates">Partisan composition of state senates</a> • <a href="/State_senators_sorted_by_year_first_elected_to_senate" class="mw-redirect" title="State senators sorted by year first elected to senate">State senators sorted by year first elected</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><a href="/State_houses" title="State houses">State houses</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Length_of_terms_of_state_representatives" title="Length of terms of state representatives">Length of terms of state representatives</a> • <a href="/State_representative" class="mw-redirect" title="State representative">State representatives</a> • <a href="/Partisan_composition_of_state_houses" title="Partisan composition of state houses">Partisan composition of state houses</a> • <a href="/State_representatives_sorted_by_year_first_elected" class="mw-redirect" title="State representatives sorted by year first elected">State representatives sorted by year first elected</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><a href="/Leadership_positions_in_state_legislatures" title="Leadership positions in state legislatures">Leadership positions</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/President_of_the_Senate" title="President of the Senate">President of the Senate</a> • <a href="/State_senate_President_Pro_Tempore" class="mw-redirect" title="State senate President Pro Tempore">President Pro Tempore</a> • <a href="/State_Senate_Majority_Leader" title="State Senate Majority Leader">Senate Majority Leader</a> • <a href="/State_Senate_Minority_Leader" title="State Senate Minority Leader">Senate Minority Leader</a> • <a href="/State_House_Majority_Leader" title="State House Majority Leader">House Majority Leader</a> • <a href="/State_House_Minority_Leader" title="State House Minority Leader">House Minority Leader</a> • <a href="/State_Speaker_of_the_House" title="State Speaker of the House">State Speaker of the House</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#0744ac; color: white;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#0744ac; color: 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Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;">Ballotpedia</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#f0a237; color: white;;"><span style="color:#0b47a8"><b><a href="/Ballotpedia:About" title="Ballotpedia:About">About</a></b></span></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Ballotpedia:Overview_and_contact_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Overview and contact information">Overview</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:What_people_are_saying" title="Ballotpedia:What people are saying">What people are saying</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Donate" title="Ballotpedia:Donate">Support Ballotpedia</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Overview_and_contact_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Overview and contact 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